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Home My WebLink About4.4(a)--2022 Update to the City of Redding Local Hazard Mitigation Plan GI �" Y � F � � � ° � � � " � � CITY OF REDDING REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL MEETING DATE: January 17, 2023 FROM: Lily Toy, Planning Manager ITEM NO. 4.4(a) ***APPROVED BY*** , . �,�' a �'' 4' � � Lil�r ��ay �.' ita�ca- �/S17423 5 �ri I�cMaa�d,Ass��tant C"ity = " Ir'�/2423 ltoy@ci.redding.ca.us btippin@cityofredding.org � SUBJECT: 4.4(a)-- 2022-2027 City of Redding Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Recommendation Adopt Resolution accepting the 2022-2027 City of Redding Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, as approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Fiscal Impact There is no fiscal impact to the General Fund from approving the 2022-2027 Loca1 Hazard Mitigation Plan (Plan) at this time. Alternative Action The City Council (Council) could choose not to adopt the Plan as proposed and provide alternative direction to staff. This wi11 render the City out of compliance with Federal and State of California requirements and will impact the City's eligibility for federal disaster mitigation funds. Background Attached for consideration by the Council is the draft Plan. The Plan's purpose is to fulfill the requirements of the Disaster 1Vlitigation Act of 2000, which calls for a11 communities to prepare mitigation plans. The plan includes resources and information to assist City residents, public- and private-sector organizations, and others interested in participating in planning for hazards. The plan provides a list of aspirational mitigation activities that, if accomplished, may assist the City in reducing risk and preventing loss from future hazard events. The City's initial Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted in 2005 and was updated in 2012 and 2015. The Plan is required to be maintained and updated to ensure the City is prepared to handle emergencies which may occur that are beyond local capability. Adoption of the plan is also required in order for the City to be eligible for State and Federal assistance and associated Report to Redding City Council January 9,2023 Re: 4.4(a)--2022 Update to the City of Redding Loca1 Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 2 funding in the event such an emergency meets the requirements for an incident under the Stafford Act, as amended in Apri12013. At its regularly scheduled meeting of October 26, 2021, the Planning Commission conducted a public hearing and at its conclusion found the Plan consistent with the General Plan. The Planning Commission staff report is attached. Following the Planning Commission action, as required, the P1an was forwarded to the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services (Ca10ES) for review. CaIOES found the Plan to be in compliance with federal requirements and subsequently forwarded the Plan to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) on October 17, 2022, for its review. On November 17, 2022, FEMA approved the plan. The approval letter is attached. Environmental Review The adoption of the Plan is not a project subject to environmental review under the California Environmental Quality Act, because the adoption of the Plan wi11 not have a significant effect on the environment. Council Priority/City Manager Goals � Government of the 21st Century — `Be relevant and proactive to the opportunities and challenges of today's residents and workforce. Anticipate the future to make better decisions today." Attachments ^Resolution ^FEMA Approval Letter Planning Commission Staff Report of October 21, 2021 City of Redding LHMP FEMA Approved Draft RESOLUTION NO. 2023- A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF REDDING ADOPTING THE 2022 —2027 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN WHEREAS, the City of Redding having developed a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan meeting the requirements of Section 409 of the Robert T. Stanford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988 and Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000; and WHEREAS, the Planning Coinmission held a duly noticed public hearing on October 21, 2021,pertaining to the 2022—2027 Loca1 Hazard Mitigation Plan and found it consistent with the City's General Plan; and WHEREAS, the City Council has determined the 2022 — 2027 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is not defined as a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15378 and therefore is not subject to CEQA; NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF REDDING RESOLVES AND DECLARES that the City of Redding does hereby fmd the 2022—2027 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) G�uidelines Section 15378 and therefore is not subject to CEQA and hereby adopts the 2022 —2027 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, incorporated by reference and available for review in the City Clerk's Office. I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing resol�ution was introduced at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Redding on the 17`h day of January, 2023, and was adopted at said meeting by the following vote: AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: NOES: COUlYCIL MEMBERS: ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS: ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS: lYIICHAEL DACQUISTO,Mayor ATTEST: FORIYI APPROVED: PAMELA MIZE, City Clerk BARRY E. DeWALT, City Attorney U.S.Department of Homeland Security FEIv1A Region 9 l ll 1 Broadway,Suite 1200 ��paxx�, ,� Oakland,CA 94607-4052 � o,�-�-`�»,��.�`�.. � c�;t � ��; tia � "� �� r�x�sx��4� November 17, 2022 Lily Toy Planning Manager City of Redding 777 Cypress Avenue Redding, CA 96001 Dear Lily Toy: The Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) has completed its review of the City of Redding LHMP 2022 and has determined that this plan is eligible for final approval pending its adoption by the City of Redding. Formal adoption documentation must be submitted to FEMA Region 9 within one calendar year of the date of this letter, or the entire plan must be updated and resubmitted for review. FEMA will approve the plan upon receipt of the documentation of formal adoption. If you have any questions regarding the planning or review processes, please contact the FEMA Region 9 Hazard Mitigation:Planning Team at fema-r9-miti�ation�lannin��c�fema.dh�ov. Sincerely, Digitally signed by A�ISON '' KEARNS •-- �ate:2022.11.1718:12:55 -08'00' Alison Kearns �� Planning and Implementation Branch Chief Mitigation Division FEMA Region 9 Enclosure(1) City of Redding Plan Review Tool, dated November 17, 2022 cc: Victoria LaMar-Haas, Hazard Mitigation Planning Chief, California Governor's Office of Emergency Services Jennifer Hogan, State Hazard Mitigation Officer, California Governor's Office of Emergency Services www.fema.gov EETING ATE: October 26, 2021 FR . Lily Toy, Planning Manager ITEM N�O. 4(b)2 ***APPROVEI?BY**� �' �� rc . , ...,� c� � L�l� a i�� '�� $ ��f�.�4�� 14JfLL�lLVG:� �` .-. i�? . Ikk'�A➢59t�2F .:Ti031g}P�.0 �51}° ]k�G[fitL2�5�dR'Clk'Jff 3(1�'T1 9'�7 Itoy@ci.redding.ca.us btippin@cityofredding.org SUBJECT: 4(�)2--Public Hearing Re�;arding �he City of Redding Local Hazard Miti�ation Plan Recommendation Conduct a public hearing, and upon conclusion, find tha City of Radding Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) consistent with the City's General Plan. Backgr^ound The Disaster Mitigation Aet of 2000 (DMA 2000), eoininonly known as the 2000 Stafford Act, was approved by Congress on Octobar 10, 2000. The Stafford Act was amended by the President an C)ctober 30, 20Q0, moving the einphasis from post-disaster mitigatian to pre-disaster mitigation planning and projects. The Fed�ral Govarnm�nt has required the State of California to coinply with DMA 2000 in order to receive any mitigation monies and post disaster relief funding. In turn, tha State of California has passed along this requirement to any city, county or district who would like to receive mitiga�ion dollars any post disas�er reimbursements from the Federal Emergeney Management Agency(PEMA) or the State of California. The City of Redding (City) Local Hazard Mitigation Plan's purpose is to ful�ll tha requirements of the DMA 2000, which ealls for all communities to prepare mitigation plans. The plan includes resources and information to assist City residents, public- and private-sector organizations, and others interested in participating in planning for hazards. The plan provides a list of aspirational mitigation activities that, if accomplished, may assist the City in reducing risk and pr�venting lass �rom future hazard events. Hazard mitigation is any action that reduees the effects of future disasters. It has been demonstratad that hazard mitigation is inost effective when based on an inclusive, comprehensive, long-term plan that is developed before a disaster actually occurs. Hazard mitigation along witla preparedness, response, and recovery are the four phas�s of emerg�ncy management. Hazard mitigation is the only phase of emergency management specifically dedicated to brcal�ing the cyele of damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. Packet Pg. ��8 Report ta Redding Planning Cammission October 22, 2021 Re: 4�b)2--Public Hearing Re:Loeal Hazard Mitigatian Plan Update Page 2 The DMA 2000, Section 322a-d, requires that local governments, as a condition of receiving federal disaster mitigation funds, have a mitigation plan that describes the process for identifying hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities; identifies and prioritizes mitigation actions; encourages the development of local mitigation; and provides �echnical support for those efforts. This mitigation plan serves to meet those r�quirements. The City's initial Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) was adopted in 2005 and was updated in 2012 and 2015. This plan is required to be maintained and updated to ensure the City is prepar�d to handle emergencies which may occur that are beyond our local capability, and to be eligible for state and federal assistance and associated funding in the event such an emergency meets the requirements for an incident under the Stafford Act, as amended, Apri12013. Issue G�NEuas,PLaN CoNsis�t'�Ncy.Tha plan is consistant with tha following Gen�ral Plan Policies: • Goal HS 1 - Minimize �he loss of life, injury, and property damage due to seismie and gaologic hazards. • Goal HS2- Pro�ect the lives and property of residents and visitors from flood hazards. • Goal HS3 - Minimize tha potantial for eatastrophic impacts as a result of ragional dam fail�ures. • Goal HSA� - Minimize the potential for loss of life, injury, and property damage resulting from urban and wildland fires. • Goa1 HS7 - Minimize tha potantial froln, and damage resulting from, aircraft accidents. • Goal HS8 - Maintain and enhanca the City's amargancy-response capabilities and preparedness. • Goa1 HS9 - Reduce the risk of personal injury, property damage, and �nvironmental degradatioll resulting from the use, tra�lsport, disposal, and releaseldischarge of hazardous materials. • Goal HS 10 - Ensure the continued funetioning of essential critical, sensitive, and high- occupaney faciliti�s following a disaster. Publie Comment Staff has not rec�ived any public comments at the time of the writing of this staff report. Planning Commission AuthoNity Per Government Code 65103(b), the Planning Commission has the authority to implement the General Plan through actions includin�, but not limited �o, the administrahon of specific plans and zoning and subdivision ordinanees. Pack�t Pg. ��9 Report ta Redding Planning Cammission October 22, 2021 Re: 4�b)2--Public Hearing Re:Loeal Hazard Mitigatian Plan Update Page 3 Conclusion Staff has reviewed and updated the plan and determined th� plan to be consistent with th� General Plan. Should the Commission deter�nine the LHMP is consistent with the General Plan, staff will forward the plan to the State Office of Emergeney Services (OES), who is charged with reviewing the document for compliance with the federal regulations in regards to hazaxd mitigation plans. When the plan is approved by OES, it will be forwarded to FEMA for review and approval. Lastly, the plan will go before City Council for adoption by resolution. c: LHMP Project Team Attaehments DRAF'T LHMP 2021 ..... ........, � ............. Pa�k�fi P . '�9U �.�:.�s,�� ,�. �S, �� -.�.,. :� '.. i.`;..� ��.n7 ��,;. yf }.';�y :. . �� {;cs`�"�^�� ``4��i � � �,�zT �r ��ii�`r d a��i � l�f 4 �, � .., t jr ��4�� `�� 4��i t";3 � ' w�� ti$ '� ° � � �� ;ss� ��c?�1 ;s .»s., ��y z 1 �� 3� t `1 O", 4, � tt� t t; : � `� r `� �,}� �l �3yt �l°z2��l�a � s i � ..,�.:. ��l ..,,, 't � t ..C".��k�':,.�i�l, .:.,t��U ,=sLsv�i 5�... ,... �k��t.,. ?m.:: �`t� �`{��t ��'� � ��`�"�"; , � ._�,. � ., . ., .. . i k�.ar ° .t... ,� �' m ,� y , . .�... �.. .;� .. . �� . ,� t.1, � . �, v � � � ., � , b�- �. .,.. ��,�}57�tti'��}y1�i��E;�ti Zt�;'�+}7 i�s 2(s�Y}4v'�� t � it t S 4 3� . / iy � t; t�^�� aPi� ��'�tl t 1 tk t 1�� I��. � � \�`` � � � ��5 t� � � �� `� ��,� 1� �, � ,, � �T?*�s l� �� "� ��r ��z`v, ` ��;��`�� 5�� +�� '� �� :�1`��n�'k�� .z`� �'„' �'°,�'o,�k,3�� i w,�;, ' �u�5�',��, , ��Si��"� ;�`��'� �i�`' ��,��,?, �� < € �,�� ,� � �.�.� ..�� e ' ro�,'�_ ��; �� ' �� :.s= .K a��x �� , V; 1�� `�a�'ap�'Y4 � ti � � � � ., � � ..>,.�iSi„i F? F>,i,Fd,frv.}1J �,�,�}<,#dbS t ; � f ..,�".�,fi;$..l ,l;,�t��.vi zS�' ,�a�*�`�.�`,a�� W`^`�ix.m�s+�'�l��ka"..;� ' • �!>,l � C I T Y O F REDDING cityofredding.org � QQ � �cityofiredding C A L I F O R N I A G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan ABLE OF CONTENTS �IST OF TAB�ES.........................................................................................................................3 LISTOF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................4 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................5 2.0 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................................6 3.0 OFFICIAL RECORD OF ADOPTION ................................................................................8 3.1 Disaster Mitigation Act 2000 Requirements.....................................................................................................8 3.2 Adoption by the local governing body and supporting documentation............................................................9 3.3. Resolution......................................................................................................................................................10 4.0 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................11 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................11 4.2 Purpose and Authority of Plan.......................................................................................................................11 4.3 Plan Description.............................................................................................................................................11 5.0 PLANNING PROCESS....................................................................................................13 5.1 DMA 2000 Requirements...............................................................................................................................13 5.2 Plan Development..........................................................................................................................................14 5.3 Community Participation................................................................................................................................15 5.4 Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Benefits....................................................................................................15 6.0 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................16 6.1 Regional Setting.............................................................................................................................................16 6.2 History............................................................................................................................................................17 6.3 Government...................................................................................................................................................19 6.4 Climate...........................................................................................................................................................19 6.5 Population/Demographics..............................................................................................................................20 6.6 Economy........................................................................................................................................................22 6.7 Land Uses......................................................................................................................................................22 6.8 Development Patterns ...................................................................................................................................23 7.0 RISK ASSESSMENT.......................................................................................................26 7.1 DMA 2000 Requirements...............................................................................................................................26 7.2 Identify and Screen Hazards .........................................................................................................................26 7.3 Loss Estimation..............................................................................................................................................28 7.4 Wildland Fire..................................................................................................................................................29 7.5 Flooding .........................................................................................................................................................36 7.6 Severe Weather- Extreme Heat, Snow and Wind .......................................................................................44 7.7 Earthquakes...................................................................................................................................................55 7.8 Hazardous Material........................................................................................................................................62 7.9 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives (CBRNE)...............................................................72 7.10 Pandemic/Epidemic.......................................................................................................................................79 7.11 Aviation Disaster............................................................................................................................................83 7.12 Dam Overflow or Failure................................................................................................................................84 7.13 Volcanic..........................................................................................................................................................88 7.14 Mass Casualty...............................................................................................................................................92 7.15 Inventory Assets ............................................................................................................................................95 1 G��R�+C? 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'�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 8.0 MITIGATION STRATEGY...............................................................................................96 8.1 DMA 2000 Requirements...............................................................................................................................96 8.1.1 Development Mitigation Goals and Objectives..............................................................................................96 8.1.2 Mitigation Actions and Priorities.....................................................................................................................97 8.2 Capability Assessment...................................................................................................................................97 8.3 Goals, Objectives, and Actions....................................................................................................................100 9.0 PLAN ADOPTION, MAINTENANCE, REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION.................................................................................................................124 9.1 Adoption.......................................................................................................................................................124 9.2 Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating the Plan ...........................................................................................124 9.3 Implementation Through Existing Programs................................................................................................126 9.4 Continued Public Involvement.....................................................................................................................130 APPENDtX 9 - CRITICAL FACILITIES...................................................................................131 2 G��R�+C? 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'�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan �IST OF TAB�ES Table 3-1 DMA 2000 Requirements — Prerequisites 8 Table 5-1 DMA 2000 Requirements — Planning Process and Documentation 12 Table 5-2 Nazard Mitigation Project Team 13 Table 7-1 Risk Assessment—Overall 24 Table 7-2 Risk Assessment— Nazard Identification and Screening for City of Redding 25 Table 7-3 Summary of Potential Significant Hazard — Related Exposure/Loss in Redding 26 Table 7-4 Significant Shasta County Fires 30 Table 7-5 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale 59 Table 7-6 Modified Mercalli Intensity and Magnitude 59 Table 7-7 Modified Mercalli Intensity and PGA 60 Table 7-8 Earthquake Damage Estimates 63 Table 8-1 DMA 2000 Requirements— Mitigation Strategy 90 Table 8-2 �egal and Regulatory Capability 92 Table 8-3 Administrative and Technical Capacity 93 Table 8-4 Fiscal Capability 94 Table 8-5 Mitigation Strategy Organization 95 Table 8-6 Hazard Mitigation Goals 95 Table 8-7 Mitigation Strategy 96 Table 8-8 Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions 105 Table 8-9 Completed Mitigations Actions 116 3 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location Map Figure 2 Population Density Figure 3 Slope Model Map Figure 4 Critical Facilities Map Figure 5 Very High Fire Hazard Area Figure 6 Wildland Fire Scenario Figure 7 100-Year Flood Map Figure 7a Flood Inundation Map Figure 8 Olney Creek Flood Scenario Figure 9 Hazardous Materials Facilities Figure 10 Transportation Corridor HAZMAT Spill Scenario Figure 11 Wastewater HAZMAT Spill Scenario Figure 12 Earthquake Estimated Damage Ratio Figure 13 Liquefaction Ground Shaking Map 4 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 1.0 /NTRODUCTION People and property in Redding are at risk from a variety of hazards that have the potential for causing widespread loss of lives and damage to property, infrastructure, and the environment. Hazards are part of the world around us. Natural occurrences such as wildiand fires,floods, winter storms, and earthquakes are inevitable and are natural phenomena which we cannot control. The occurrence of a natural hazard can result in damages and hardships for an entire community for many years following the event. Disasters result when the man-made environment, such as buildings and infrastructure, take place in areas subject to forces of nature. The frequency of disasters is rising at a substantial rate due to the fact that more and more people have chosen to live and work in locations that put them at risk. Subject to availability of adequate funding and staffing, the purpose of hazard mitigation is to implement and sustain actions that reduce vulnerability and risk from hazards or reduce the severity of the effects of hazards on people and property. Mitigation actions are both short-term and long-term activities which reduce the cause or occurrence of hazards; reduce exposure to hazards; or reduce effects of hazards through various means, including preparedness, response, and recovery measures. Effective mitigation actions will also reduce the adverse impact and cost of future disasters. The City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan includes resources and information to assist in planning for hazards. The plan provides a list of actions that may assist the City of Redding in reducing risk and preventing loss from future hazard events. The actions address hazards, as well as specific activities for, Wildland Fire, Flood, Hazardous Material, Severe Winter Weather, Earthquakes, Utility Disruption,Aviation Disaster, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives (CBRNE), Dam Overflow or Failure, and Volcanic issues. 5 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 2.0 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Mayor and City Council Erin Resner, Mayor Julie Winter Kristen Schreder, Vice Mayor Mark MeZzano Michael Dacquisto City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Project Team Leader Lily Toy, Planning Manager City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Project Team Craig Wittner, Fire Marshal Jim Wright, Building Official Steven Kincaid, GIS Analyst David Drewett, GIS Analyst Jeffrey Wallace, Police Lieutenant Josh Watkins, Municipal Utilities Manager Sean Price, Assistant Planner Shawn Avery, Electric Program Supervisor Sheri DeMaagd, Assistant City Manager Marty Wayne, Project Coordinator City of Redding Staff Jim Wadleigh, Airports Manager Vishnu Krishnan, Senior Planner Advisory Committee Members California Transportation District American Medical Response American Red Cross—Three Rivers Chapter Shasta County Office of Education Shasta County Public Health Emergency Preparedness Coordinator City of Redding Staff— Past Contributors Butch Brown, Police Lieutenant Marvin Briggs, Electric Manager Rod Dinger, Support Services, Director Jason Foley, Battalion Chief/Division Chief Devon Hedemark, Information Technology Supervisor Steve Hiner, Plan Check Engineer Barry Bratton, Assistant Airports Manager Kevin Burke, GIS Senior Analyst Steve Craig, Wastewater Utility Manager Paul Cummings, Electric Program Supervisor Jim Hamilton, Development Services Director Brian King, Electric Program Supervisor Kevin Kreitman, Fire Chief Linda Pepin, Management Analyst II 6 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan Mike Robertson, Water Utility Manager Terri Thesken, Senior Planner Mike Warren, City Manager Steve Wood, System Analyst/Programmer 7 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 3.0 OFFICIAL RECORD OF ADOPTION This section provides a general and comprehensive view of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. This includes a review of the federal requirements, City adoption, and supporting documentation. 3.9 Disaster Mitigation Act 2000 Requirements The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), commonly known as the 2000 Stafford Act amendments, was approved by Congress on October 10, 2000. On October 30, 2000, the President signed the bill into law, creating Public Law 106-390. DMA 2000 amended the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act by repealing the previous Mitigation Planning Section 409 and replacing it with a new Mitigation Planning Section 322. The DMA 2000 is the latest legislation to improve the hazard mitigation planning process. The new legislation reinforces the importance of mitigation planning and emphasizes planning for disasters before they occur. As such, the DMA 2000 establishes a pre-disaster hazard mitigation program and new requirements for the national post-disaster Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). The DMA 2000 specifically addresses mitigation planning at the state and local levels. It identifies new requirements that allow HMGP funds to be used for planning activities and increases the amount of NMGP funds available to states that have developed a comprehensive, enhanced mitigation plan prior to a disaster. States and communities must have an approved mitigation plan in place prior to receiving post- disaster HMGP funds. Local and tribal mitigation plans must demonstrate that their proposed mitigation measures are based on a sound planning process that accounts for the risk to, and the capabilities of, the individual communities. State governments have certain responsibilities for implementing the program. DMA 2000 is intended to facilitate cooperation between state and local authorities, prompting them to work together. It encourages and rewards local and state pre-disaster planning and promotes sustainability as a strategy for disaster resistance. This enhanced planning network will better enable local and state governments to articulate accurate needs for mitigation, resulting in faster allocation of funding and more effective risk-reduction projects. Table 3-1 DMA 2000 Requirements— Prerequisites Ado tion b the Local Governin Bod The local hazard mitigation plan shall include documentation that the REQUIREMENT plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction §201.6(C)(5) requesting approval of the plan (e.g., City Council, County Commissioner, and Tribal Council). Adoption by the local governing body demonstrates the jurisdiction's commitment to fulfilling the mitigation goals and objectives outlined in EXPLANATION the plan. Adoption legitimizes the plan and authorizes responsible agencies to execute their responsibilities. For final approval by FEMA, the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan must include a copy of the local governing body's resolution adopting the plan. E�EMENT A. Has the plan been formally adopted by the local governing body? B. Is a copy of the plan adoption resolution included? 8 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 3.2 Adoption by the /oca/governing body and supporting documentation The City of Redding HaZard Mitigation Plan meets the requirements of Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. This includes complying with the requirement that the plan be adopted by the Redding City Council. The City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan has been prepared by the City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Project Team (HMPT) and adopted by the Redding City Council via resolution. A copy of the signed resolution is provided on the following page. 9 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 3.3. Reso/ution [:RESERVE FOR CITY COUN�CIL RESOLUTION] 10 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 4.0 BACKGROUND 4.9 /ntroduction The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), commonly known as the 2000 Stafford Act amendments, was approved by Congress on October 10, 2000. On October 30, 2000, the President signed the bill into law, creating Public �aw 106-390, amending the Stafford Act with regard to hazard mitigation planning primarily by moving from post-disaster mitigation to pre-disaster mitigation planning and projects. The DMA 2000 emphasizes greater interaction between the state and federal governments, which have a continuing interest in streamlining the mitigation planning, implementation, and project-funding process. 4.2 Purpose and Authority of Plan The City of Redding (City) Hazard Mitigation Plan's purpose is to fulfill the requirements of the DMA 2000, which calls for all communities to prepare mitigation plans. The plan includes resources and information to assist City residents, public- and private-sector organizations, and others interested in participating in planning for hazards. The plan provides a list of mitigation activities that may assist the City in reducing risk and preventing loss from future hazard events. Hazard mitigation is any action that reduces the effects of future disasters. It has been demonstrated that hazard mitigation is most effective when based on an inclusive, comprehensive, long-term plan that is developed before a disaster actually occurs. Hazard mitigation, along with preparedness, response, and recovery are the four phases of emergency management. Hazard mitigation is the only phase of emergency management specifically dedicated to breaking the cycle of damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. The DMA 2000, Section 322a-d, requires that local governments, as a condition of receiving federal disaster mitigation funds, have a mitigation plan that describes the process for identifying hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities; identifies and prioritizes mitigation actions; encourages the development of local mitigation; and provides technical support for those efforts. This mitigation plan serves to meet those requirements. 4.3 Plan Description The City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan consists of the following primary sections: Community This section provides details of our community to provide sufficient background for the hazard profiles and risk assessments that are presented in subsequent chapters. This description includes regional setting, history, and government and includes information regarding the climate, population, demographics, and economy. 11 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan Vulnerability Assessment Through this process, the project team identified and gathered corresponding data on all potential hazards that present a danger to the City and the adjacent surrounding area. The information gathered includes historical data on natural hazard events that have occurred in and near the City and what impacts these events had on residents and their property. Risk Assessment This section utilizes the information gathered through the vulnerability assessment process to determine what assets in the community will be affected by the hazard event. The inventory of assets includes people, housing units, critical facilities, special facilities, infrastructure, hazardous materials facilities, and commercial facilities. This data was compiled by assessing the potential impacts from each hazard using past events. The information in this section provides the City with information that outlines the full range of hazards the City may face and the potential social impacts, damages, and economic losses. Mitigation Strategy This section identifies mitigation actionslmeasures and implementation strategies for the City. Additionally, this section provides a comprehensive strategy for addressing mitigation priorities. The mitigation measures include preventive actions, property-protection techniques, structural projects, natural resource- protection strategies, emergency services, and public education and awareness activities. 12 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 5.0 PLANNING PROCESS This section describes the process in which the plan was developed. This includes the federal requirement followed by the City's actions applied to this process. 5.9 DMA 2000 Requirements The table below summarizes the DMA 2000 requirements for documentation of the planning process. Table 5-1 DMA 2000 Requirements — Planning Process and Documentation Planning Process Requires that there be an open public involvement process in the formation of the plan. This includes opportunities for the public to comment on the plan at REQUIREMENT all stages of its formation and the involvement of any neighboring communities, §201.6(b) and �nterested agencies, or private and nonprofit organizations. This should also §201.6(c)(1) include a review of any existing plans or studies and incorporation of these if appropriate. Documentation of the planning process, including how the plan was prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved is essential. A description of the planning process should include how the plan was prepared, who was involved in the planning process, and the timeframe for preparing the plan. The plan should document how the planning team was formed and the number and outcomes of the meetings the planning team held. Ideally, the local mitigation planning team is composed of local, state, and federal agency EXP�ANATION representatives, as well as community representatives, local business leaders, and educators. In addition to the core team preparing the plan, it is also important to indicate how the public (residents, businesses, and other interested parties) participated, including what means (e.g., Web pages, storefronts, toll-free phone lines) were made available to those who could not attend public forums to voice concerns or rovide in ut durin the lannin rocess. A. Does the plan provide a description of how the plan was prepared? B. Does the plan indicate how the planning team was formed (including who ELEMENT Was involved)? C. Does the plan indicate how the public was involved in the process? D. Does the planning process describe what means were made available to those who could not attend public meetings to provide input? 13 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 5.2 Plan Deve/opment The initial phase of the planning process was to identify a team leader and to establish a project team comprised of City agencies. Planning Manager �ily Toy served as the project team leader and as the primary contact person for the City. The project team was formed as an advisory group and as a task group to review and update the plan. Meeting dates were set on a bi-weekly basis. As done in the past, the project team solicited participation for the team. The project team invited interested parties, such as the local American Red Cross,the Shasta County Office of Emergency Services, and various City agencies not represented on the project team. The members of the City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Project Team (HMPT) are listed in Table 5-2 below: Table 5-2 Hazard Miti ation Pro'ect Team Project Tearn Leader Lily Toy Planning Manager Project Tearn Members Shawn Avery Electric Program Supervisor Sheri DeMaagd Assistant City Manager David Drewett GIS Analyst Sean Price Assistant Planner Steve Kincaid GIS Jeffrey Wallace Police Lieutenant Josh Watkins Municipal Utilities Manager Marty Wayne Project Coordinator Craig Wittner Fire Marshal Jim Wright Building Official The update to the plan was initiated in September 2020. The project team participated in working independently reviewing and making revisions for specific portions of the Plan. Interested parties and/or stakeholders were involved in reviewing and updating the goals, objectives and actions. The project team reviewed the Shasta County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, the City's General Plan, and the City's Flood Inundation/Evacuation Plan to incorporate information and ensure consistency with other existing plans. The project team held bi-weekly meetings from September 2020 through November 2020. The plan was circulated for public review in April 2021. During the review period, the stakeholders were allowed opportunities to review the goals, objectives and actions and maps of the analyzed hazard scenarios developed by the project team. Following the review period, the project team re-assessed and re-identified characteristics and potential consequences of natural and non-natural hazards affecting the City. With the understanding of the risks posed by the identified hazards, the team determined priorities and assessed various methods to avoid or minimize any undesired effects. As a result, mitigation strategy and goals were updated. The team then went on to revised the implementation and monitoring plan in which the plan will be implemented through various hazard mitigation projects, changes in day-to-day City operations, and through continued hazard mitigation development. 14 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 5.3 Community Participation Public input during the development of the mitigation plan update assisted in shaping plan goals and mitigations. The HMPT invited various stakeholders to the regularly scheduled meetings and held a separate stakeholder's workshop to help identify priorities in developing goals for reducing risk and preventing loss from natural and non-natural hazards in the City. Press releases were issued to invite the public to the public workshop. When the draft was completed, a 20-day public comment period was initiated. A public notice was placed in the local newspaper to invite the public to review and comment on the draft plan. Copies of the plan were made available at the local library and at City Hall. Furthermore, a draft of the plan was posted on the City's website. 5.4 Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Benefits During the process of developing the plan, benefits were realized. The following is a list of the benefits that were generated during development of the plan. 1. Allowed for an in-depth analysis of current Hazardous Materials Facilities in the City and the potential effects of a release of Hazardous Material. 2. Provided the City with a thumbprint view of where those facilities are located and what chemical hazards they have on-site. 3. Provided for the sharing of information and team building between City departments. 4. Gave the City a beginning points for discussions on transportation hazards and how to effectively deal with one should it occur. "Plan for the worst, hope for the best." 5. Heightened our awareness level as to the nature of disasters in our community. 6. Provided an evaluation tool on our current resources and how to best utilize them in an emergency. 7. Allowed the City to practice the plan for scenario responses and mitigation measures on some of the disasters. 8. Provided more up-to-date informational maps on specific hazards and facility locations. 9. Provided better methodology for quickly calculating property loss, number of affected structures, and population. 10. Enhanced the City of Redding Emergency Preparedness Program. 15 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 6.0 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION This section is to provide a glimpse into the community of Redding. This includes general information concerning regional setting, history, government, climate, population, economy, land use, and development patterns. 6.1 Regional Setting The City of Redding is located in Shasta County in northern California, nestled between the Cascades and Trinity Alps. It is approximately 100 miles south of the Oregon border and 160 miles north of Sacramento. Redding's current population is approximately 92,590 which makes it the largest city in Shasta County and the largest city in California north of Sacramento. Redding also serves as the county seat of Shasta County. Redding is situated at the far northern end of the Sacramento Valley, at the point where the valley meets the foothills of the Cascade mountain range. Elevations range from 500 to 5,000 feet above mean sea level. The City's mean elevation is 557 feet above mean sea level. Redding is surrounded by mountains to the west, north, and east. The most distinctive geographical feature in the area is the Sacramento River, which meanders nine miles through the City in a general north-south direction. Several creeks also run through the City from the west and east. These creeks function as tributaries to the Sacramento River. Some have carved gullies and ravines with depths of up to 200 feet, mainly in the western part of the City. This stretch of river is one of the finest trout-fishing waters in the western United States. Redding is bisected by Interstate 5, a major north-south freeway that runs from Canada to Mexico. Interstate 5 connects Redding with major metropolitan areas such as Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, and Los Angeles. State Routes 299, 273, and 44 also pass through Redding, connecting the City with the Pacific Coast and Nevada. The main north-south line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs through the community as well. Redding's location also places it near many outdoor attractions and recreational areas, such as Shasta Lake, Lassen Volcanic National Park, and the Shasta/Trinity/Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. Redding was founded in 1872 and incorporated in 1887 at the northern terminus of the California and Oregon Railroad. The City's early growth was stimulated by the railroad and by the move of the county seat from Shasta in 1884. Mining played a major role in the economic life of Redding as the century progressed. In 1938, the beginning of construction of Shasta Dam provided another stimulus to growth in Redding. The construction boom after World War II boosted the lumber industry, which became the mainstay of Redding's economy. In more recent years, retail trade, construction, and tourism have become more significant activities as the lumber industry has declined. Redding has become a major regional center for shopping, health care, education, and government. As a result of this, the Redding area has become one of the faster-growing areas in California. 16 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 6.2 History Nine bands of northern Wintu people have resided within the area of the Norther River Valley and surrounding mountains from time immemorial, living with the abundant landscape. The area was a hub and intersection of trad and commerce. The awarding of the Rancho Bueno Verna Mexican �and Grant in 1844 to European-American (Mexican) settler Pierson B. Reading initiated the first European-American settlement of the area. With the encroachment of Mexican and Anglo-Amercians, the Indigenous Peoples of the region suffered greatly from violent displacement, epidemics of foreign diseases as well as State and Federal policies of extermination and removal. Many of the Wintu resided in the EI-Pom (linguistically referred to as ?elpom) area where Redding would later be founded. They were among several tribes that were promised sanctuary and reservation land on the east side of the river and the Treaty of Cottonwood Creek of 1851, which was never honored nor ratified by the State of Federal government. Wintu descendants still reside in the area today. By 1862, he had mapped out a town near the mouth of Clear Creek and the Sacramento River. Redding was founded in 1872; the year the"California and Oregon Railroad" reached the site of the City, which was to be its northern terminus for the next 12 years. The coming of the railroad saw the rise of Redding, along with the decline of Shasta, the"Queen City"of northern California and, in the 1870's, the largest settlement in that part of the state. Shasta did not have a railroad, so business activity swung to Redding. With the railroad came a man named Benjamin Redding, who was a land agent for the Central Pacific Railroad. With the development of the town, the legislature wanted to name the town Reading after its founder. The railroad was not happy with this choice and would not recognize the name. It wanted the town named after its agent, Benjamin Redding. Finally, in 1880, everyone gave in and the town was given the railroad's choice of names. At that time, there were 9,492 residents in Redding. The city's growth was stimulated by the railroad and by the move of the county seat to Redding from Shasta in 1884. Redding was incorporated on October 4, 1887, the same year that the Southern Pacific Railroad came to Redding. Mining played a major role in the economic life of Redding around the turn of the century, but it declined as the twentieth century progressed. In 1938, the beginning of construction of Shasta Dam provided another stimulus to growth in Redding. The construction boom after World War II boosted the limber industry, which became the mainstay of Redding's economy. In the late 1990s, retail trade, construction, and tourism became more significant activities as the lumber industry declined. Redding is a major center in Shasta County for shopping, health care, education, and government. Since its incorporation in 1887, the area within the city limits of Redding has grown from 3.65 square miles to 60.03 square miles. The original City town site as plated in 1872 established the town limits at North (now Eureka Way), South, East, and West Streets. Redding's early growth was spurred by copper and gold strikes during the late 1800s, which led to an initial boom period between 1890 and 1910. By 1890, Redding's boundary had grown to the Sacramento River on the north, Sequoia Street on the east, Grant Street on the south, and Almond Street on the west. In the 1940s, initial development north of the river and residential development moving toward the south occurred. In the 1950s, initial development of the area along North Market Street occurred. With the opening of the Interstate 5 freeway, development spread to the north. Interstate 5 continued to spur development along its corridor during the 1970s. On January 1, 1970, the City was comprised of 15.2 square miles. Two significant annexations occurred in 1976 that dramatically altered the size and configuration of Redding. In June 1976, the Cascade Community Services District was annexed, adding 3,000 acres to the City south of town. Later, in December, the former Enterprise Public Utility District was annexed, adding another 3,200 acres east of town. These two annexations increased Redding's size by nearly 10 square miles. The largest annexation since 1976 was the Texas Springs/Oregon Gulch annexation, which added 1,692 acres on the west side 17 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan to the City. With a few smaller annexations and one de-annexation occurring since, the City is now comprised of 60.88 square miles. 18 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 6.3 Government The City of Redding is a general law city, formed under state legislative statutes and governed by a body of laws in the State Constitution. The Redding City Council consists of five council members elected "at large"for staggered four-year terms. Council members must be residents of the City and registered voters both at the time nomination papers are taken out and upon assuming office. Redding is one of the many California cities operating under the Council-Manager form of government. Under this system, the Council establishes the policies under which the City operates and appoints a trained and experienced City Manager to administer the affairs of the City. His responsibilities include hiring of City staff, preparation of the annual budget, administration and coordination of the City's operations, general supervision over all property under the control of the City, and enforcement of City ordinances and applicable state laws. The City Manager appoints a staff to assist him in carrying out his duties. City departments include Administrative Services, City Attorney's office, City Clerk's office, City Treasurer's office, Community Services, Development Services, Electric, Fire, Human Resources, Municipal Services, Support Services, and Police. Like the City Manager, the City Attorney is appointed by the City Council. Both the City Clerk and the City Treasurer are elected by the public. Redding is a full-service city with approximately 1,000 full- and part-time employees. The City's services include: Airport General Administrative Services Highways and Streets Housing Planning and Zoning Public Safety(Police and Fire) Public tmprovements Recreation and Parks Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Tourist Bureau Utilities (Electric, Water, and Wastewater) A list of the City's critical facilities is provided in Appendix 1 of this document. 6.4 Climate Climatologists describe the climate in the Redding area as Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. In January, the average temperatures range from 36 degrees to 55 degrees. In April, the average daily high is 70 degrees, with an average daily low of 46 degrees. During July, the temperatures range from 65 to 99 degrees, with some days exceeding 100. Annual rainfall averages 33 inches, most of which falls between November and March. 19 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 6.5 Population/Demographics Redding has sustained growth over the past two decades. The current population is approximately 92,590 (United States Census, July 2019). Between 1990 and 2010, the City grew from 66,462 to 89,861, at an average annual rate of 1.8 percent and an average annual rate of 2.1 percent between 2010 and 2020. An exhibit geographically depicting the density of population within the City of Redding is attached (See Figure 2). Categ�ry Population (2020 estimate: DOF): 93,611 Population (U.S Census, 2019) 92,590 POpUIatIOCI (Census of 2010) 89,861 Population (Census of 2000) 80,865 Estimated percentage change (between 20�o and 20) +4.17 Population density per square mile 1,506.5 Housing units (Census of 2010): 40,083 M2dia11 hOUSehOld IIICOme: (2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates) $63,165 Households (Census 2010): 37,757 Persons per household (census 20�0) 2.42 RaCeS in R�ddin� (Source:2015 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates) White 84.2% Black or African American 1.5% American Indian and Alaska Native 2.8% Asian 5.0% Hispanic or �atino 10.7% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.0% Two or more races 4.40% 20 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan Square Miles and Population Y+��r' Acres Squ�r�Miles Pc�pulati�n Esfim�te ' 1978 15778.00 28.3 40,055 1990 33801.99 52.82 66,462 1991 33801.99 52.82 69,305 1992 37385.22 58.41 72,091 1993 37672.02 58.86 74,570 1994 38036.86 59.43 75,932 1995 38036.86 59.43 76,837 1996 38036.86 59.43 77,706 1997 38036.86 59.43 78,474 1998 38043.06 59.44 79,343 1999 38044.06 59.44 79,822 2000 38420.46 60.03 80,714 Census 2000 38,163.20 59.63 80,865 2001 38,442.56 60.03 82,930 2002 38,247.56 59.76 84,952 2003 38,247.56 59.76 86,249 2004 38,282.56 59.82 87,389 2005 38,282.56 59.82 88,333 2006 38,282.56 59.82 88,998 2007 38,282.56 59.82 89,794 2008 38,837.56 60.68 90,353 2009 38,837.56 60.68 90,931 2010 38,837.56 60.68 91,561 2011 38,837.56 60.68 90,050 2012 38,837.56 60.68 90,200 2013 38,837.56 60.68 90,680 2014 38,837.56 60.68 90,902 2015 38,837.56 60.68 91,058 2016 38,837.56 60.68 90,680 2017 38,837.56 60.68 90,841 2018 38,963.26 60.88 91,108 2019 38,963.26 60.88 91,756 2020 38,963.26 60.88 93,611 21 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 6.6 Economy The outdoor lifestyle and air quality of the Redding area have attracted many highly skilled people from larger urban areas, creating a choice labor force. In June 2019, the Redding Area ranked as the 29th most dynamic metropolitan area in the country. The study titled "Most Dynamic Metropolitans" looked at 379 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (commonly referred to as MSAs). The study was published by a collaboration between the Walton Family Foundation and Heartland Forward (WFF). The Redding MSA includes the Cities surrounding the City of Redding from Lake Shasta down to the southern county border. The study puts the Redding MSA in the top 8 percent of all communities evaluated. The study looks at factors that include: innovation, economic opportunity for residents, local economic development strategies, job growth, average annual earnings growth, and area gross domestic product (GDP). For the Redding MSA specifically, we finished near the top in the wage growth category and we were ranked 16 in GDP growth. Our startup community and the jobs created by entrepreneurs was also a key factor in our ranking. Redding also offers an extremely successful Down Payment Assistance Program to aid first-time homebuyers. Affordable commercial and residential real estate, low-cost skilled labor, and a low crime rate also contribute to Redding's rapid growth. One of the key components of Shasta County's business retention plan is to acknowledge and cater to small businesses; particularly those that help create a diverse economy with industrial linkages between local manufacturers. The Redding City Council has developed a number of local incentives for industrial development and businesses that create new jobs. The Shasta Metro Enterprise Zone consists of 51 square miles of commercial and industrial sectors of the cities of Redding, Anderson, and Shasta Lake, as well as adjacent industrial areas of Shasta County. Special incentives offered by the Enterprise Zone include sales and tax credit, hiring assistance, business expense deduction, net operating loss carryover, and net interest deductions for lenders. Occupations in Redding include: Agriculture Construction Finance Government Manufacturing Retail Trade Services Transportation, Commercial, Utilities Wholesale Trade 6.7 Land Uses Redding adopted its first General Plan in 1958. The Plan Area covered 9,366 acres, or 14.6 square miles, consisting of a land use diagram and a streets and highways plan, and included five land use classifications: Single Family, High Density Residential/Professional, Retail Commercial, Planned Industrial, and Public. By contrast, the General Plan adopted in 1970 covered approximately 73 square miles. The current General Plan, adopted in 2000, covers approximately 110 square miles and includes 23 land use designations. The residential land uses encompass approximately 37,000 acres. The nonresidential land uses encompass approximately 35,000 acres. The non-residential land uses include 22 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan office, commercial, heavy commercial, industrial, public facilities/institutional, airport service, greenway, park, and recreation. 6.8 Development Patterns While in part the result of topography, flood-prone land and physical barriers (such as the Sacramento River, Interstate 5, and the Union Pacific Railroad), the relatively low-density, discontinuous nature of Redding's development pattern does not come without its costs. These include increased costs of providing public services; loss of community identity, or "sense of place"; decreased air quality due to a near total reliance on the automobile; and a neglect of older, established residential neighborhoods and commercial areas in preference for development in new areas. Few cities have the luxury of sole control over all land uses contained within them, and Redding is no exception. Redding has grown geographically through the annexation of lands which were formerly outside its jurisdictional control. In fact, some of the larger annexations (e.g., Enterprise and Cascade areas) added not only significant territory to the City, but also increased its population base and level of development as well. In part, this helps to explain why there seems to be no organizing principle underlying Redding's urban structure. It also serves to explain the lack of consistency in infrastructure improvements, landscape, and building design, as well as lack of public-street access to individual properties found in various parts of the City. Redding can be divided into five primary sectors, each of which is shaped by its unique characteristics, histories, and issues. These areas are: (1) Central and West Redding, (2) East Redding (Enterprise), (3) Dana Drive and Northeast Redding, (4) North Redding, and (5) South Redding. Central and West Redding Central Redding is the location of the City's original commercial and office core. Local government facilities and most of its older residential districts are also located here. Spreading outward from the original town site astride the railroad in a grid pattern typical of the time, Redding grew north and east to the edge of the bluff that borders the Sacramento River, south along the highway and railroad spine, and west into the hills and gullies. Extension of the early street pattern across the ravines created unusable lots and "paper" streets that remain undeveloped today. Some of the City's most unique and historic residential areas are located west of Central Redding in the Magnolia neighborhood and its adjacent neighborhoods. Farther west, beyond Benton Airpark and the now-closed Benton Sanitary Landfill, lays a large, residential district, consisting exclusively of single-family subdivisions. Development of some of these areas began in the early 1950s and new developments continue to be constructed today. West Redding is not only home to some of the City's more popular neighborhoods, but is also home to Mercy Medical Center and numerous doctors' office complexes and professional offices. With the construction of Interstate 5, most new commercial investment was directed to locations other than Central Redding. The expansion of county government offices, Shasta Regional Medical Center, and Mercy Medical Center also promoted office construction along Court, Oregon, and West Streets, displacing older residential uses. Downtown's recent redevelopment was ignited by the significant update to the Downtown Specific Plan in 2018 and two major grants totaling $40 million dollars through the State's Affordable Housing and 23 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan Sustainable Communities (AHSC) program. These mixed-use projects include a total of 161 residential units which will fill the significant need for available housing opportunities in Downtown. Downtown Redding remains an important area, even though it was bypassed by the construction of Interstate 5, encouraging most new retail development to locate east of the river. Aii other major traffic arteries converge downtown, which contributes to its viability. Recent efforts, including the Downtown Specific Plan Update, redevelopment projects to improve the appearance and pedestrian orientation of Downtown streets, the partial re-opening of the streets through Downtown demonstrate the community's commitment to maintaining and enhancing the unique character of the heart of the community. The development of the Turtle Bay Museum and Arboretum and the Turtle Bay Hotel and Restaurant by the Sacramento River and the Civic Center will serve to emphasize the importance of the City's core area. East Redding (Enterprise) Development in the Enterprise area occurred almost entirely in the postwar years. Early subdivisions were located along Old Highway 44 (now known as Cypress Avenue), Churn Creek Road, and Hartnell Avenue. Subsequent development has taken place both to the north up to the new State Route 44 and to the south into the Churn Creek Bottom area. The street pattern in some older residential areas is poor, with long, dead-end streets and offset intersections. A lack of adequate subdivision regulations in the early days of development permitted the creation of large, deep lots surrounded by smaller lots and hundreds of landlocked parcels that can be reached only by private roads or by access drives across other properties. This lot pattern makes further development very inefficient and difficult and necessitates providing new, costly streets and infrastructure. Like the residential areas, commercial development in the Enterprise area originally occurred in a haphazard manner along Old Highway 44, Bechelli Lane, and Hartnell Avenue and at freeway interchanges. Access to many stores in these locations is poor, and the nature of this strip-type development—with each establishment having its own parking lot and driveway—precludes parking once and visiting several businesses. The construction of Interstate 5 had a noticeable impact on commercial growth at the north end of this area along Nilltop Drive and other easily accessible locations. Service stations, motels, restaurants, and other uses that seek readily visible sites and easy freeway access can be found in this area. This area continues to develop with commercial uses, which can now be found along Churn Creek Road as well. Two overpasses across State Route 44 connect this area to the newly expanding Dana Drive regional commercial hub and to an expanding residential area to the northeast. Dana Drive and Northeast Redding Following the construction of Interstate 5, a noticeable pattern of commercial development, together with additional suburban residential growth, has occurred north of State Route 44 along Dana Drive. Additional growth has also occurred along the northern extension of Churn Creek Road and eastward along Old Alturas Road. Commercial development largely commenced with the Mt. Shasta Mall, which is located at the northeast corner of Hilltop Drive and Dana Drive. Subsequent regional commercial development has since spread eastward to Victor Avenue. In conjunction with commercial activities, residential development flourished to the north on Churn Creek Road and to the east on Old Alturas Road. The Dana Drive Benefit District and the Churn Creek Road Overcrossing Assessment District were formed in order to provide infrastructure for this newly established regional commercial hub. All the available vacant commercial land in this area has been predominately built out. In 2000, the City saw the expansion of the Mt. Shasta Mall and again in 2020. The Mall expansion in 2000 spurred large regional commercial-store developers to develop within the Dana Drive area. Vehicle traffic in this area 24 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan has increased significantly, which has necessitated the upgrade and improvement of the streets and intersections, which included the State Route 44 west bound on ramp at Nilitop Drive and Dana Drive. North Redding Like Enterprise, the North Redding area, extending from Keswick Dam to Shasta College, includes a scattering of residential and commercial development. Along North Market Street, formeriy Highway 99, Redding's "Miracle Mile" is lined with a variety of motel, restaurant, retail, and auto-sales establishments. Adjoining lowlands to the west have been developed with residential subdivisions and affordable housing units. Lake Redding-Caldwell Park extends along the north bank of the river on each side of the railroad trestle. This major recreation area has picnicking, playground, swimming, and other facilities. Lake Boulevard is the main artery of the Buckeye area, a major portion of which was annexed to the City in 1969. Strip commercial development is strung along Lake Boulevard, and there is scattered residential development in the area. Landlocked parcels are common, with heavy dependence on private roads for access. Mobile homes are a major residential type here, both in mobile home parks and on individual lots. The pattern of small ownership and prevalence of mobile homes in some areas may tend to discourage subdivision activity, particularly on the northern fringe of the Planning Area along Oasis Road. South Redding Much of the development of South Redding came after World War II, when subdivision activity expanded into the lower elevations and along the Anderson-Cottonwood Irrigation District Canal (ACID). Scattered developments also sprang up in the Live Oak-Bonnyview(Cascade)area to the south and along ridge tops in the southwestern part of the Planning Area. Also, to the south, the old principal traffic artery—Old Highway 99 (now known as State Route 273)—became a commercial strip lined with an assortment of motels, truck stops, and service stations; industrial and distribution establishments; and local retail services. As a commercial gateway to the City, this area has largely become obsolete in design and function. Several recent residential developments have occurred in the area, including the Rivercrest Estates Subdivision, as well as new developments south of Girvan Road. The latter developments have led to a reduction in the pastoral setting that was until recently prevalent in the area. 25 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.0 RISK ASSESSMENT The section identifies the hazards that might affect the City of Redding, profiles the major hazards, assesses the risk of such hazards, describes the City's vulnerability, and estimates potential losses from the hazards. 7.1 DMA 2000 Requirements The overall DMA 2000 requirements for the risk assessment are shown in Table 7-1. The requirements mandate that only natural disasters are addressed, however, the City has included the most significant human-caused hazards in this plan. Table 7-1 Risk Assessment—Overall REQUIREMENT Local risk assessment must provide sufficient information to enable the §201.6(c)(2) jurisdiction to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions to reduce losses from identified hazards. This includes detailed descriptions of all the hazards that could affect the jurisdiction, along with an analysis of the jurisdiction's vulnerability to those hazards. Specific information about numbers and types of structures, potential dollar losses, and an overall description of land use trends in the jurisdiction must be included in this analysis. EXPLANATION The local risk assessment should identify what hazards are likely to affect the area. The plan should describe the sources used to identify hazards, noting any data limitations, and provide an explanation for eliminating any hazards from consideration. The process for identifying hazards could involve one or more of the following: • Reviewing reports, plans, flood ordinances, and land use regulations among others. • Talking to experts from federal, state, and local agencies and universities. • Searching the Internet and newspapers. • Interviewing long-time residents. 7.2 /dentify and Screen Hazards The City of Redding HMPT identified several hazards that are addressed in the plan. These hazards include natural and human-caused hazards that might affect persons and property in the City. The hazards were ranked based on the initial analysis. Twelve hazards were found to be either a significant hazard or less significant haZard and are ranked for hazard mitigation planning. These hazards were identified through public input, researching past disasters, and risk assessments included in the City Emergency Operations and General Plan. 26 G��R�+C? A �' � U �} ': C� ' ��'` . '�� City of Redding �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 7-2 Risk Assessment - Hazard Identification and Screenin for Cit of Reddin Hazard Risk Why or Why not"? High Risk: Higher magnitude, frequency, vulnerability, and probability. Past occurrences have resulted in extensive loss of life and/ or property.The resulting secondary impact was also considered during risk assessment. Wildfire High Past events as experienced by the City.The City encompasses and is adjacent to many natural open-space areas. Flood High Past events as experienced by the City. Portions of the City are Iocated within the 100-year floodplain. Severe Weather High Past events as experienced by the City.The City on an average experiences 12 heat waves annually. Moderate Risk:Medium probability of occurrence.Medium severity resulting in moderate loss of life and/or property. Earthquake Moderate Proximity to San Andreas fault places the City at some risk,but past history reveals that the magnitude will be low. Hazardous Material Moderate With a major rail Iine and interstate highways within the City, probability of a rail or highway disaster is present. CBRNE Moderate Probability is present,but Iow Pandemic Moderate Some probability,but low Aviation Moderate Some probability,but low. Low Risk: Low probability of occurrence.Past occurrences or probability of future occurrences are low or nil resulting in low/no loss of life and/or property. Volcano Low Although the City is located west of Lassen Volcanic National Park and south of Mt. Shasta,historic events do not place the City in high probability of a disaster. MCI(Mass Casualty Incident Low Some probability,but low Dam Failure/Dam Overflow Low Probability is present due to nearby Shasta Dam and Whiskeytown Dam located upstream from the City.The City's General Plan confirms that the City is within the Dams' inundation zones, should there be an uncontrolled release from Shasta and Whiskeytown Dams. 27 ��R�� i � �. �....'-.: 1'J, � y4 "9��,� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.3 Loss Estimation FEMA requires that an estimation of loss be conducted for the identified hazards. Loss estimation was conducted on the identified significant hazards (refer to Table 7-3). FEMA requires the "Vulnerability Analysis" to include the number of potential structures impacted by these hazards and the total potential costs. These estimates were determined by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) overlay analysis software and tools. Existing GIS data layers, such as parcels, were overlaid with theoretical hazard boundary extents. Then, using GIS overlay analysis software; items such as the number and value of structures affected by the hazard were calculated and reported. T�ble 7-3 Su'rnrnary of Potential Si;gnificant Hazard-Related ExposurelLoss in Redding Residential Commercial Industrial Critical Facilities Education Other #of Value of # of Value of # of Value of # of Value of # of Value of # of Value of Exposed Structures Structures Structures Structures Structures Structures Structures Structures Structures Structures Structure Hazard Type Population structures S Wildland Fire 13,437 4,884 686.5 M 62 22.6 M 76 45.6 M 23 36.4M 0 0 5 4.6 M Flood Scenario 548 222 24.9 M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hazardous 48,209 28,681 4.2 B 1,235 867.8 M 407 228 M 269 614.7 M 41 267.6 M 154 316 M Materials Transportation 7,356 1,535 178.4 M 543 379.4 M 44 14.7 M 6 90.5 M 54 46.7 M 12 9.5 M Corridor Spill Scenario Hazardous 4,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Materials Wastewater Facilities (Stillwater Plant) Hazardous 11,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Materials Wastewater Facilities (Clear Creek Plant) fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.4 Wiidland Fire 7.4.1 Nature Hills and mountains surround the westerly portion of the City of Redding, which is covered mostly with grasses, brush, Manzanita, oak trees, and gray pines. The climate in this area is generally referred to as "Mediterranean," with rainfall concentrated during the cool winter months. The rains usually cease sometime in April and resume in November. Summer drought causes vegetation to become extremely dry, and a regional weather phenomenon, the northerly winds, can aggravate an already very hazardous fire situation. The hillside areas of the western portion of the City have, therefore, been classified as a very high fire hazard severity zone. With extreme dryness, relative humidity often 10 percent or less, high temperatures over 100 degrees, and 20 to 40 mph winds, a wildfire can become uncontrolled, spreading through vegetative fuels and exposing and possibly consuming structures. The fires often begin unnoticed, spreading very quickly, and are usually signaled by dense smoke that fills the air in the immediate area. Wildfires are ignited 90 percent of the time by human action. Nationwide, humans cause an average of 60,567 fires each year. Over one-third of all wildland fires originate alongside roads and highways, many as a result of equipment failure or smoking materials being thrown from passing automobiles. Despite the rising penalties, approximately 22 percent of all fires recorded statewide result from an act of arson. Other causes of wildfires include the following: Over 20 percent of all wildfires that burn over 5,000 acres are caused by power-line failures. Wildfires can also be ignited by sparks from off-road vehicles, construction equipment, and other power-driven equipment used for residential or recreational purposes. In the developed areas, wildfires can start from children playing with matches, unattended recreational fires, equipment use, and sparks from chimneys. Natural causes, primarily lightning, have recently been attributed to causing the largest wildfire in California history, the August Complex at 1,032,649 acres. The following three factors contribute significantly to wildland fire behavior: • Topography: As slope increases, the rate of wildland fire spread increases. South-facing slopes are also subject to greater solar radiation, making them drier and thereby intensifying wildland fire behavior. However, ridge tops may mark the end of wildland fire spread, since fire spreads more slowly or may even be unable to spread downhill unless wind-driven. • Fuel: Weight and volume are the two methods of classifying fuel, with volume also referred to fuel loading (measured in tons of vegetation material per acre). Each fuel is assigned a burn index (the estimated amount of potential energy released during a fire), an estimate of the effort required to contain a wildfire and an expected flame length. The fuel's continuity is also an important factor, both horizontally and vertically. 29 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan • Weather: Variation on weather conditions has a significant effect on the occurrences and behavior of wildfires. Short-term conditions, such as high heat, low humidity and high winds, facilitate the ignition and rapid spread of fires. Conversely, cool temperatures, high humidity and little to no wind reduce the risk of wildfires and allow fires to be contained more readily. Long-term conditions, such as prolonged droughts, also play a major role in fire susceptibility. Other factors increase the wildfire hazard. These include dense vegetation growth and large accumulation of dead vegetative materials in areas that have not been mitigated or burned for many years. Steep terrain compounds the wildfire risk because fires normally burn much faster uphill. Rugged terrain also hinders fire-suppression attempts by hampering the mobility effectiveness of firefighters and equipment. If not promptly controlled, wildland fires may grow into an emergency or disaster. Firestorms occur during extreme weather with such intensity that fire suppression is virtually impossible. These events typically burn until the conditions change or the fuel is exhausted. Even small fires can threaten lives and resources and destroy improved properties. It is also important to note that in addition to affecting people, wildland fires may severely affect livestock and pets. Such events may require the emergency watering/feeding, sheltering, evacuation, and even burying of animals. 7.4.2 Effects of Wildfires Wildfires generally have the most impact on the natural environment. Although some ecosystems are dependent upon recurrent fire to survive, these communities are unique. Watershed, wildlife, and recreational areas are lost due to wildfire. After the fire has been extinguished, the burned land is laid bare of its protective vegetation cover and is susceptible to excessive runoff and erosion. The fire will often destroy the root system of shrubs and grasses that aid in stabilizing slope material. When the winter rains come, the possibility of landslides and debris/mud flows are greatly increased. The impacts of wildfire often strain public resources, including emergency response and utilities. Water reserves are drawn down, power lines become disabled, telephone service can be disrupted, roads can be blocked, etc. Flood-control facilities may be inadequate to handle the increased storm-runoff debris from barren and burned hills. Another impact of wildfire are the direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include the obvious suppression costs of equipment and personnel, the destruction of property, roadways, infrastructure, and the following costs of insurance claims. Indirect costs include the loss of human life, degraded eco-systems, reduced air and water quality, wildlife casualties and lost business and tax revenue. Indirectly, the effects of wildfire continue to impact the mental or psychological quality of people who have experienced the effects of wildfire or from the loss of a loved one or friend. Integration of five fire determinants (human proximity, vegetation, access, slope, and wind direction) has delineated two natural fire hazard potential zones for the City of Redding. Very high fire hazard severity risk areas lie to the immediate west of central Redding and north and northeast Redding, with Manzanita, 30 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan buck brush, and other highly combustible vegetation, along with steep 20 to 40 percent slope, and somewhat limited access. The medium to low risk areas lie in the vicinity of developed property with grass and scattered oak over more level to gentle (flat to 20 percent) slope and with available access. Areas not threatened by fire risk are within developed areas with cultivated urban cover and available urban access. Fire, extreme heat, and wind have the greatest impact on the delivery of power to Redding Electric Utility customers. On July 26, 2018 the Carr fire exploded in size and entered the City of Redding causing mandatory evacuations and power outages. The fire destroyed 266 homes in Redding and thousands of Redding residents were evacuated from the westside of the city. 7.4.3 Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) fires are a significant hazard. In July of 2018, the Carr Fire in Shasta County burned 229,651 acres, destroyed over 1604 structures, killed 8 people and caused an estimated $1.659 billion in damages. In November of the same year,the Camp Fire;the deadliest wildfire in California history, burned approximately 153,000 acres, destroyed over 18,800 structures, killed 85 people and caused an estimated $16.65 billion in damages. In general, wildfire is not a major threat in the flat, developed areas of Redding when adequate emergency resources are available. However, fire is a major problem in the fringe-urban and hill areas on the west side of Redding and those additional areas, approximately 39 percent, of the City that are identified as very high fire severity zone. This increased risk is due primarily to a predominance of the north-facing slopes that are characteristically more vegetated than those of the southern aspect. Within the west side, the highest fire risk areas are located in the hilly populated regions. All major determinants of fire risk point to this area as the most critical area for the City of Redding. The City of Redding has numerous subdivisions on the west side of town which are built on ridge tops with significant fuels with valleys and ravines in alignment with prevailing summer winds which results in a significant fire risk to the community. This is further compounded by the hot, dry, and low humidity levels experienced in Redding during the summer, along with wind events that can result in rapid fire growth and spread. Once a fire starts, it is influenced by several factors, including fuels, topography, weather, drought, and development, along with the ability or inability to quickly access and contain the fire. The combined conditions are key elements which affect the risk and potential severity of the fire. The major risk involves loss of lives and property which lie in those developed areas identified as in the very high fire severity zones. Here, property damage is not an uncommon occurrence. These interfacing and transitional areas are constantly vulnerable. As development extends more and more into the areas identified as very high fire severity zones, the situation becomes increasingly acute. 7.4.4 History Within the last 20 years, there have been significant wildfires in Shasta County in which the City of Redding is centrally oriented. These wildfires have killed 12 people, destroyed well over 3,500 structures, burned 31 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan over 400,566 acres, and cost hundreds of millions of dollars in damages. The more significant fires are included in the following table: Table 7-4 Significant Shasta County Fires Date of Fire Fire'Name Acres Burned! Structures Fatalities Destro ed Sep. 2020 Zogg 56,338 204 4 July 2018 Carr 229,651 1604 $ Aug. 2012 Ponderosa 27,676 133 July 2012 Dale 1,038 2 June 2008 Lakehead 27,936 12 Aug. 2004 Bear 11,500 216 Aug. 2004 French 14,000 103 Aug. 2001 Oregon 1,694 33 Oct. 1999 Jones 26,200 954 Sep. 1999 Canyon 2,588 238 July 1999 Lowden 1,945 43 In 2018 alone, a total of 194 wildfires burned over 234,649 acres of land in Shasta County and caused an estimated $2,001,632,823.00 in damages, most of which was due to a single event, the Carr fire, the gtn most destructive wildfire in California history. The City of Redding experiences an average of 168 wildland type fires annually, as measured over a 10- year period from 2011 to 2020. Excluding the Carr fire, wildfires cost an estimated $785,880.00 in damages over the same period within the City. 7.4.5 Future Events Given the topography, climate and vegetation on the west side of Redding, it is ripe and conducive to having fast-spreading wildfires. According to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and as shown on Shasta County's Fire Hazard Map, all the hillsides in west Redding are located within the very high fire hazard severity zone, including areas to the north and east of town. The history of the wildfire activity in Shasta County is traumatic, and we will continue to be faced with wildland fires that threaten lives and property every summer. 32 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan The wildland risk to the City of Redding can be attributed to three factors. The first are the ignition sources, the second is the fuel loading, and the third is resources available to address fires. Mitigation must address reducing the fuel-ignition sources, such as juveniles playing with matches and lighters in the open vegetated areas, transient populations occupying areas within the urban interFace and utilizing fire, educating the public on better abatement procedures when using mechanical equipment, and properly disposing of cigarettes. The second is reducing the immediate fuel load surrounding the urbanized area within and around the City of Redding on public and private property. The third is adequate staffing and equipment for handling emergency incidents. The risks associated with future events will continue to increase as the City sees development on previously approved projects in the very high fire hazard severity zone and as new developments are proposed and constructed. 7.4.6 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts In 2014, the Youth Firesetter Prevention and Intervention program (YFPI)was created. The YFPI program is associated with the Youth Violence Prevention Council in partnership with the Shasta Arson Task Force. Since its inception to date, the YFPI program has educated over 216 youth for a range of firesetting behavior. Not only are the youth held accountable, but their siblings and parents are included in the educational programs. In the five years since YFPI has been conducting annual educational academies, a decline in the number of juvenile offenders has been realized. For decades, the City has worked to abate hazardous fuels on public and private property in the very high fire hazard severity zone, mostly around residential neighborhoods by providing defensible space and shaded fuel breaks. These efforts have primarily been through contract work with private fuels reduction companies, utilization of the California Conservation Corps (CCC)and by utilizing inmate hand crews from Cal Fire. The City is also utilizing goats for grazing to reduce light fuels and available combustible vegetation. The use of goats is a sustainable method of fuels reduction and also favorably garners the public's attention on the subject of defensible space. In 2019, the Redding City Council approved the Redding Electric Utility (REU) Wildfire Mitigation and Improved Response Program which focusses on reducing risk to and from utility infrastructure and increase emergency response to wildfire. Subject to the availability of funding and necessary staffing, fuel- reduction mitigation must continue throughout the very high fire hazard severity zone on both public and private lands. The City also maintains an Emergency Operations Center to help coordinate information and resources for any type of disaster or threat. Yearly ongoing training, updating of critical information, and drills are conducted to help protect people and property. All new subdivisions have been approved using the new General Plan regulations and Building and Fire Code adoptions, including residential sprinkler requirements which help mitigate the spread of fire from a residential fire incident to the WUI area. In addition, this may also include one or more of the following: (1) adequate defensible space and development of landscape maintenance districts to maintain defensible space, (2) utilizing noncombustible construction on the exterior, (3) providing two ways in and out, and (4) meeting fire-flow requirements in accordance with the California Fire Code. 33 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.4.7 Vulnerability The City of Redding has multiple scenarios in which wildfire could severely and aggressively impact homes and structures in the very high fire hazard severity zone, primarily on the west and north sides of the City. One such scenario of a potential wildfire in the north area effecting a single neighborhood, could destroy 131 or more structures and result in a conservative estimated loss of over$100,721,633 in direct property damage. The fire in this scenario would only have to achieve less than 1,000 acres in size to create this amount of destruction if emergency resources were drawn down and the weather conditions were ripe for such an event. 7.4.8 Mitigations� Goal 5: Reduce the possibility of property damage and life losses due to wildland fires. Objective 5.A: Enforce Fire and Building Codes and the General Plan for the City of Redding, which will minimize damage to homes and structures from wildland fires. Action 5.A.1: Ensure that new subdivisions have adequate fire-protection measures, such as multiple accesses for fire apparatus, noncombustible building construction, residential sprinkler systems, appropriate defensible space, and street widths and grade to accommodate emergency vehicles and evacuees simultaneously. Action 5.A.2: Ensure that defensible space is being provided for all new and existing homes. Ensure that roofing material is noncombustible on new homes and that wood shake roofs on existing homes, when replaced, meet Code requirements for non-combustibility. Install a spark-arresting system on chimneys of homes with wood-burning appliances. Action 5.A.3: Continue the development of landscape maintenance districts for new developments to fund ongoing fuel reduction and maintenance of defensible space. Objective S.B: Educate the public about wildland fire dangers and the steps that can be taken to prevent or minimize their effects. Action 5.B.1: Ensure that the City provides sufficient resources for public education, wildland fire mitigation and guidance, and emergency planning for the public, as funding becomes available. Action 5.B.2: Distribute wildland fire mitigation information to persons applying for building permits in the City of Redding in the very high fire hazard severity zone. � All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding,adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 34 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 5.B.3: Continue to participate with Shasta County Fire Agencies and California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection in fire prevention education fair at various locations. Action 5.B.4: Continue to participate in annual school fire prevention visits to provide fire prevention education. Objective 5.C: Reduce the probability of fire ignitions. Action 5.C.1: Focus on human causes of ignition and address the problem through education and enforcement actions, to include vigorous investigation and prosecution of arson. Action 5.C.2: Continue the Redding Police Department's Community Cleanup Program that utilizes persons assigned to a work release program to clean up areas of blight throughout the City. This includes week trimming and brush removal in green belt areas which eliminates or mitigates the probability of fire ignitions. Objective 5.D: Maintain Emergency Operations Center for coordination of information and resources. Action 5.D.1: Ensure that annual emergency Operations Center exercise is performed. Objective 5.E: Reduce the potential for destructive actions of the fire once ignition occurs, utilizing fire pre-plans, ensuring a properly trained, staffed, and equipped emergency response capability, and timely response to prevent the spread of the fire, minimizing risks to humans and property. Action 5.E.1: Ensure that adequate resources are available to pre-plan for incidents that may occur in the very high fire hazard severity zones within the City of Redding. Action 5.E.2: Ensure continued training of personnel responsible for responses to wildland fires with the most current strategies, tactics, and safety actions. Action 5.E.3: Ensure that equipment is purchased and maintained to address the wildland fire risk within the community. Action 5.E.4: Increase staffing of current two-person companies to three-person companies to improve capabilities and initial actions at fire incidences within the community as additional funding becomes available. Action 5.E.5: Continue to maintain training and response actions with cooperating fire agencies. Action 5.E.6: Continue to replace aging water lines which provide adequate fire flows. (Status: Replaced 26,275 feet of aging waterlines throughout the City) Action 5.E.7: Continue to install new waterlines which provide necessary fire flows. (Status: Installed 29,600 feet of new water lines) 35 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.5 F/ooding 7.5.1 Nature Flooding is an overflow of excess water from a stream, river, lake or reservoir, a piped or channeled conveyance, or coastal body of water, onto adjacent floodplains. Flooding can also occur by the accumulation of water in a natural or manmade depression where there normally is none. Floodplains are lowlands, adjacent to water bodies that are subject to recurring floods. Floods are natural events that are hazards only when people or property is affected. Floods occur in all 50 states and U.S. territories,with an estimated 4 percent of the total area of the United States subject to a one percent annual chance of flood (also known as the 100-year flood) [FEMA, 2001]. The amount of water in the floodpiain is a function of the size and topography of the contributing watershed, the regional and local climate, and land use characteristics. Flooding in steep, mountainous areas is usually confined, strikes with less warning time, and has a short duration, while larger rivers in flatter valley and lowland areas typically have longer, more predictable flooding sequences and affect a broader floodplain. In the City of Redding, floods can be categorized into the following types of occurrences: • River or stream flooding — includes channel or bank overFlows, flash floods, obstruction floods, and dam overflows or failures. • Local drainage — includes channel or bank overflows, flash floods, debris or obstruction floods, and ponding in natural or manmade depressions. • Fluctuating lake, reservoir, or pond levels — includes accumulations of water in lakes, reservoirs or ponds, as well as in natural or manmade depressions that are normally dry or hold insignificant volumes of water. The City of Redding is partially bisected by the Sacramento River. In addition, the following ` ��ti��`�� 4��= �,��;�� iz�4��,��'`� t�� major creeks flow through Redding and meet the Sacramento River within, or just outside, the city limits: • Stillwater Creek �>w � • Churn Creek • Clover Creek • Sulphur Creek ,, r C�I � • Canyon Hollow Creek � �'�� ;�� • Oregon Gulch `� ! • Olney Creek � ��, • Several smaller creeks are also located The Sacramento River within the city limits. 36 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan The FEMA 100-year floodplain for the above creeks and the Sacramento River total approximately 4,425 acres, or 6.9 square miles. This is approximately 11 percent of the City's land base. The Sacramento River corridor occupies a relatively narrow and steep channel in the north, which begins to broaden somewhat in the central Redding area and becomes a fairly broad farmland floodplain at the southern limits of the City and beyond. The northern and western areas of the City are hilly, with well- defined canyons and stream corridors. The eastern and southeastern sections of the City sit atop a plateau above the Sacramento River, but are relatively flat with moderate to minor hills and broader, less defined stream channels. Flooding along the Sacramento River typically arises due to increased flows from Shasta Dam and Keswick Dam. Shasta Dam regulates and controls mass storage of prolonged periods of rainfall from the rivers and watersheds above the dam, including the Upper Sacramento River, the Pit River, Squaw Creek, and numerous smaller creeks. Keswick Dam (immediately downstream from Shasta Dam) acts as an after- bay to more finely regulate the flows directly into the river. These two dams act in concert to deliver precise and well-regulated flows to the Sacramento River directly north of Redding. Local drainage flooding occurs primarily due to infrequent, high-intensity rainfall events and to debris or obstructions. 7.5.2 Effects of Flooding River flooding in the City of Redding generally causes no loss of person or property. River flood levels are regulated and predictable. Advance notice of increased releases is sent to local agencies and the media, usually with 12 or more hours' notice. In order to maintain a safe level of storage capacity behind the dam and prevent an overtopping event, regulators from the Bureau of Reclamation (Bureau) routinely increase flows either during or following large, intense or prolonged rainfall periods in the watershed. These flows are increased to help draw down the lake to a safe level and typically stay below 35,000 cubic feet per second (cfs).There is no river flooding in Redding at this release. Approximately once a year, it is necessary for the Bureau to increase releases to approximately 53,000 cfs. At this level, one street is closed and portions of two riverside parks and trails are closed due to minor flooding. This also causes flooding below Redding and Shasta County, though it is mostly farmlands and a few road closures at this level. Approximately every five to seven years, the Bureau finds it necessary to increase flows to the maximum safe release of 80,000 cfs. During these flows, several blocks of riverside roadway are closed due to flooding, as are larger portions of the riverside parks and boat ramps. Flows greater than 80,000 cfs are possible, but are highly unlikely due to the widespread flooding in the valley areas below Redding. Several areas in Tehama and Colusa counties become inundated and several small communities in these areas become flooded or isolated due to the river flow at this level. Following the recession of flows greater than 53,000 cfs, streets are reopened and swept of silt and minor debris. Riverside parks and trails are checked for erosion, cleaned of minor debris, and then reopened to the public. 37 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Localized flooding from high-intensity rainfall events, of which there is a few each year, typically manifests as flooded parking lots and ponding along some surface streets. Road closures are rare and water levels recede quickly, leaving only minor cleanup of silt and debris. Many of the local drainage channels are concrete-lined, but most are left"natural" per Department of Fish and Wildlife permitting and regulations. These natural channels, with their increased natural vegetation, can become clogged or obstructed, especially at roadway under-crossings, due to the vegetation breaking away from the banks during periods of high flows. Localized flooding from obstructions also takes place a few times each year. Typically, during prolonged periods of rainfall with moderate to high intensity, these obstructions cause overflows in small channels and ditches. Backyard flooding, including flooding the occasional swimming pool, as well as some street flooding, can occur. Reports of minor flooding to garages and outbuildings, landscape erosion, and flooded streets have occurred. Trash and other debris can also be found obstructing culvert and pipe openings during even moderate flows in smaller channels. Vandalism can also lead to clogging or obstruction of flows from pipe systems. The increased use of plastic pipe in storm-drain systems has led to vandals building fires in the pipe openings, thus melting the pipe and causing it to sag into a closed or nearly closed opening, creating an obstruction. This forces the water to either: back-up in the pipe until it reaches a surFace street and creates localized flooding or ponding; or does not allow water into the pipe system, which causes the upstream channel to overflow and flood adjoining properties. Storm Drain maintenance crews respond quickly to calls of flooding, and locate and clear the obstructions. Water levels quickly recede, but ponding may remain in some areas. 7.5.3 History Prior to the building of Shasta Dam, the Sacramento River could reach flows in excess of 225,000 cfs [U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1942], flooding a portion of central Redding and much of south Redding. Since the completion of the dam, flows have not exceeded 80,000 cfs and, as previously mentioned, damage is typically limited to clean up of silt and minor debris. Localized flooding occurs every year, causing very little damage and requiring cleanup and removal of silt and debris. In 2009 and the early '90's, there were several events that were beyond normal. In February 2019, the Redding area experienced a heavy rainstorm. Approximately 60 homes, including the Safari Mobile Home Park, were evacuated in the south Redding area off Jewell Lane just west of Highway 273 as the water rose to about 3 feet in the neighborhood. The heavy rains also caused a portion of the roof at a local grocery store to collapse. In December 2019, the south Redding area experience about an inch of rain in a one-hour period. This resulted in pockets of flooding throughout the south Redding area. A stretch of South Market Street, a major arterial, was temporarily shut down. In March 2009, Redding downtown experienced more than four inches of rain in just three hours. Neighborhoods were flooded, creeks overFlowed, and streets became rivers. An arterial road, Quartz Nill Road, was closed due to a mudslide. A nursing home, a preschool, and some residents were evacuated. 38 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Vehicles stalled in intersections and parked vehicles in an underground garage were moved by the flood waters. The flood also caused the death of one person who fell into the Calaboose Creek canal. In 1993, a small tributary along the Sacramento River in north Redding experienced what was later calculated as a 50-year-storm event, causing rapid rise and fast flows along the channel, which had raised banks. A tree along the bank of the channel, upstream of a double box-culvert, dislodged and flowed downstream, becoming wedged in one of the culvert openings. The obstruction caused an overflow of the channel into the adjoining residential neighborhood, flooding a dozen homes as the water followed the path of least resistance to the river. About eight of the homes experienced garage flooding and damage to equipment and personal property, while four homes suffered flooding within the main house, as well as damage to personal property. The channel was subsequently widened, and an additional cell was added to the double-box culvert in order to provide for a 100-year-storm event. A series of flooding events beginning in 1985 and culminating in a lawsuit against the City in 1997 brought attention to an ever-increasing problem along Clover Creek. Upstream development activity in both the City and county, near the headwaters of Clover Creek and along Airport Road, increased peak flows during periods of high intensity rainfall, causing flooding along Clover Creek in the Goodwater Avenue area below Freeman Way. Many homes and outbuildings that had been constructed in pre-FEMA mapping years in the floodway or floodplain of Clover Creek were affected, resulting in claims for property and personal property damage. Flood mitigation resulted in the building of a regional detention facility immediately upstream of the problem area. The Clover Creek Detention facility, now completed, is large enough to handle current and future flows based on build out. Repetitive Loss The City of Redding has one property which has claimed flood damages for 2 separate events. This property is located within a Special Flood Hazard Area along Boulder Creek. The property owner filed claims in October 2009 and January 2016. In 2020, the City, following an extensive research and inspection, determined the property damages were caused by: (1)the property sits about two inches below the street elevation; (2)the insufficient storm drain facility which was constructed prior to the City annexing this neighborhood into the City; (3) the overgrown vegetation within Boulder Creek; thereby reducing the capacity for the creek to adequately convey water during heavy rains; and (4) the location of the downspouts and compromised downspout extenders several contributing factors. During a heavy storm event stormwater is forced over the rolled curbed towards the building's west side, which is diverted by the building around to the south side and ultimately flows southwest towards the creek. To assist in mitigating future losses on the property, the City, sends an annual letter to inform her of how the property owner and adjacent property owners along that span of Boulder Creek can relieve the situation, along with things they can do to prepare for flooding, and some permanent flood-protection measures they should consider. 7.5.4 Future Events Floods and flooding are gauged by their size (width and depth of the affected area) and the probability of occurrence. The size and depth of the floodplain area is computed using mathematical models of precipitation, slope, runoff, soil type, and cross-section. Flood depths are calculated at intervals along a stream or channel corridor and then mapped and interpolated between sections. This results in the floodplain map. 39 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan The probability of occurrence is expressed in a percentage of the chance of a flood of a specific extent occurring in any given year. The most widely adopted design and regulatory standard for floods in the United States is the one percent annual chance fiood, and this is the standard formally adopted by FEMA. The one percent annual flood is also commoniy referred to as the "100-year flood," leading to the misconception that it should occur only once every 100 years. In fact, a 100-year flood may occur in any year, regardless of the time that has passed since the last one. It is the probability that smaller floods occur more often than larger floods that compels the percentage. Flood Probability Terms �'/ootl'Occurrence/ntervals Percent Chance of Occurrence�I nnuall 10 ears 10.0% 50 ears 2.0% 100 ears 1.0% 500 ears 0.2% 7.5.5 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts The City of Redding actively enforces the Building Code, General Plan, and Zoning Ordinance regulations concerning development within the 100-year floodplain. Limiting development within the floodplain will help safeguard routine future events from significant impacts. A map of the 100-year floodplain for the Sacramento River and the major creeks cited above is included as Figure 6. Since July 1996,the City of Redding has actively participated in FEMA's Community Rating System (CRS). The City initially received a Class 9 rating. The following year, the City strengthened its overall Floodplain Management Program and was upgraded to a Class 7 rating. In 2011, the City was successful in achieving a Class 6 rating. The rating improvements have resulted in not only a cost savings to those citizens in need of flood insurance but proactively decrease losses by managing development in the floodplain. The City of Redding has participated in the Community Rating System (CRS) since 1996. The CRS is a voluntary program for National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) participating communities. The goals of the CRS are to reduce flood damages to insurable property, strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. The CRS has been developed to provide incentives in the form of premium discounts for communities to go beyond the minimum floodplain-management requirements to develop extra measures to provide protection from flooding. The NFIP's CRS program ranks cities according to flood-awareness promotion and implementation of flood-protection measures and rewards communities with reduced flood insurance premiums. Modeled after the insurance industry's Community Fire Rating System, the CRS provides insurance discounts in 5 percent increments for each 10 rating classes, with Class 1 being the highest. A community accrues points to improve its CRS class rating and receive increasingly greater insurance rate discounts through engaging in any of 18 creditable activities. Since the City of Redding's inception into the CRS program, the City has continued to increase flood-protection measures and continues to increase public awareness of the hazards of flooding. This has ultimately resulted in increasing the City's "Community Rating"from the initial Class 9, giving residents a 5 percent discount in federal flood insurance 40 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan premiums, to a Class 6, giving our residents a 20 percent discount in federal flood insurance premiums. The City will continue to participate in the CRS program and consider additional CRS activities to further reduce flood hazards and further promote flood hazard awareness. Additionally, FEMA has updated and modernized the FIRMs nationwide through its Flood Map Modernization effort and has undertaken a Flood Insurance Rate Map update for Shasta County as part of this Map Modernization Program. After completing a re-evaluation of flood hazards in our community, FEMA adopted the new "Digital" Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) and has updated flood-insurance rate zones and replaced the existing maps in Shasta County. These maps went into effect March 17, 2011, and are available for review at the Planning and Permit Center counters. During FEMA's re-evaluation of flood hazards in our community, it was determined that the Olney Creek Levee is not in compliant with current levee standards and could not be recognized as a protection measure. Therefore, this resulted in additional properties and/or homes being placed in a special flood hazard area. Efforts are being put forth to search out grants to fund the necessary studies required to pursue certification of the Olney Creek Levee. The City has also developed on-site retention policies relevant to all new construction. Once again, these policies are a safeguard against peak-flow increases caused by development and the subsequent runoff from impervious materials. Detention basins are designed to accommodate 100-year-storm runoff and require no net increase in historic flows at the point of release. The City of Redding is planning to update the Storm Drain Master Plan. When complete, this Master Plan will identify key projects needed to minimize flooding and their costs. The plan will also address development of regional detention policies and locations so as to minimize the impacts of future development on existing streams and channels. 7.5.6 Vulnerability The City of Redding's most probable vulnerability to flooding and flood damage is along the natural stream corridors. Natural growth and vegetation along these corridors, combined with a 100-year event in the watershed above a given location, would most likely cause localized flooding. In 2008, a Regional Detention Feasibility Study was prepared for the Churn Creek Drainage Basin. The goal of the study was to analyze the impact of regional detention with the Churn Creek Drainage Basin and evaluate its effectiveness at reducing the number of detention basins within the City, as well as reducing the number of proposed improvements listed in the 1992 Montgomery Watson Citywide Storm Drain Master Plan. The Churn Creek Basin was the focus of this study, since it is the largest of the drainage basins in the City. The study identified several areas of inundation within the Churn Creek Basin during a 100-year-storm event with an average depth of flooding, ranging from 1.0 feet to 3.4 feet. It was estimated that 272 structures would be impacted with potential damages of$3,797,464.00. A flooding scenario was run whereby a box culvert became obstructed because of a tree that dislodged from a stream bank. This flood scenario would affect over 200 structures. Damage estimates are approximately $2 million. (See Figure 7) 41 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.5.7 Mitigations� Goal 6: Reduce deaths, injuries, structurai damage, and losses from floods. Objective 6.A: Enforce the Building Codes, General Plan, and Zoning Ordinances of the City of Redding,which will prevent or minimize damage to residential and commercial structures from flooding. Action 6.A.1: Ensure that new development does not encroach on the designated floodplain. Action 6.A.2: Ensure that new development does not contribute to downstream flow increases through the use of detention/retention measures, and continue to review plans and hydraulic calculations for new development to limit net flow increases. Action 6.A.3: Continue to participate in the NFIP to ensure the availability of federally sponsored floodplain insurance for City residents. Action 6.A.4: Continue to participate in the CRS. This program involves accruing points based on the City's engagement in FEMA-defined activities. Action 6.A.5: Review and consider additional CRS activities particularly relating to public information and emergency services to apply for credit to increase the City's points. Action 6.A.6: Seek available grant funding and apply for grant funding as it becomes available to assist with mitigating flood hazards onto repetitive loss areas. Objective 6.8: Reduce the possibility of localized flooding. Action 6.B.1: Routinely inspect stormwater channels for vegetation build-up or encroachment, trash and debris, silt and gravel build-up, and erosion or bank failure, and routinely maintain said channels where permitted by California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Action 6.B.2: Routinely inspect and maintain stormwater inlets and outfalls for debris and obstructions, sand and gravel build-up, and structural damage or vandalism. Objective 6.C: Alleviate pre-existing flooding conditions that are a result of past practices and regulations or lack of regulation. Action 6.C.1: Update Storm Drain Master Plan, identify key projects needed to minimize flooding and their costs, identify regional detention policies and locations to minimize the impact of future development, and develop costs and possible funding strategies for the identified capital projects. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 42 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Objective 6.D: Seek FEMA accreditation of the Olney Creek �evee. Action 6.D.1: Continue to seek and apply for grant funding as it becomes available for design and construction of Olney Creek Levee. Action 6.D.2: Continue the provisionally accredited levee process to certify the Clear Creek Levee. 43 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.6 Severe Weather- Extreme Heat, Snow and Wind 7.6.1 Nature Severe weather includes extreme heat, extreme cold, heavy snowfall, ice storms, winter storms, and/or strong winds. Extreme heat may result in utility disruption and winter storms may result in other hazards such as flooding, severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, or extreme winds. The Nazard Mitigation Team identified extreme heat, snowstorms and strong winds as the most likely severe weather hazards based on history in the City of Redding. Extreme Heat The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)defines extreme i�eat as summertime temperatures that are much hotter and/ ar humid than average for a particular location at that time of fihe year. The National Weather Service (NWS) defines a heat wave as a period of unusually hot weather that typically lasts four or more days, with temperatures above the extreme heat threshold. Extreme heat, like most other hazards of concern is a direct and secondary climate change impact that is a global issue with local effects, and may pose a serious threat to the health and safety of residents. Snow NWS defines snow as a steady fall of snow for several hours or more. Heavy snow is defined as either snowfall accumulating to 4 inches in depth in 12 hours or less, or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. Heavy snow can result in collapse of structures from the weight of the snow, downed trees or large branches, power outages, flooding, and auto accidents. In addition, it can hamper emergency services and recovery efforts. Wind Wind is commonly reported using terms such as fastest-mile wind speed and/or peak-gust wind speed. The fastest-mile wind speed is defined at the highest wind speed measured at an altitude of 30 feet, in open terrain, over a period of time that it takes for one mile of wind to pass by the anemometer, the instrument used to measure wind speed. The peak-gust wind speed is the highest wind speed measured over a period of 2 to 5 seconds. It is approximately 20 percent larger than the fastest-mile wind speed. Therefore, a fastest-mile wind speed of 75 miles per hour (mph) would correspond to a peak-gust wind speed of approximately 90 mph. The shorter the duration of ineasurement, the higher the wind speed due to the gust factor (i.e., the rapid variation of wind speed in time). High winds are defined as winds of 40 mph or greater lasting for one hour or longer, or wind gusts of 58 mph or greater. Hurricane-force winds are often referred to when sustained winds exceed 74 mph. 44 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan High winds can result in damage to roofing materials; downed trees or large branches; power outages; auto accidents; and the collapse of awnings, patio covers, and carports. The presence of downed trees and branches can also hamper emergency services and recovery efforts. Secondary impact— Utility Disruption The City of Redding Electric Utility (REU) owns, operates, and maintains the City of Redding's electric distribution system. REU is responsible for the production, procurement, and delivery of electric energy to the customers primarily located within the Redding city limits. The major hazards facing the Utility are natural disasters and energy-supply shortage. The City of Redding also owns, operates, and maintains the City's water and wastewater systems. The water utility produces more than 30 million gallons a day of treated surface water and in excess of 12 million gallons a day of well water during peak summer demand. The wastewater utility can currently treat 14 million gallons a day at the Stillwater treatment plant and 40 million gallons a day at the Clear Creek treatment plant during wet weather. However, during intense, short-duration rainfall events, the plants can divert 12 and 100 million gallons a day, respectively, into their overflow ponds. The major hazards facing the City's water and wastewater utilities are energy-supply shortages, equipment failures, and peak storm-event capacity. 7.6.2 History The City of Redding typically experiences severe weather during the months of June through September and in the months of December and January. Period of extreme heat are a result of prevailing winds typically blowing from the North, down the Klamath Mountain slopes into the northern valley. These winds are warm and dry with compression as they descend towards the valley floor. The natural setting of the City with mountains on all sides retains this warm and dry wind resulting in extreme temperatures. Storms with strong southerly winds with or without heavy rain are relatively common during these months and typically occur several times per year. Wind speeds of 40 to 50 mph and peak gusts up to 60 mph occur with some regularity. On the other hand, snowstorms are not as common an occurrence for the City. It's not unusual for the City to experience no measurable amounts of snow for several years in a row. Extreme Heat Redding routinely experiences the hottest summer temperatures anywhere in California north of the Mojave Desert. The natural setting of the City with mountains on all sides creates a rugged backdrop and walls it off from any tempering ocean influence. This condition of adiabatic warming where the dry heat does not leave the system but tends to keep the nighttime temperatures in the 80s or the low 90s during intense heat days leaves Redding extremely dry and prone to a serious risk of fire. 100 °F weather is common in Redding with the earliest recorded 100-degree weather day dating back to May 4th 1893. Redding experienced record-setting high temperature of 118 °F in July 1988; a 117 °F in June 2006 and in the most recent times 116 °F in August of 2021. Redding on an average experiences 45 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan twelve heat waves annually that threatens critical infrastructure, worsens air quality, affects public health and a poses high risk of fire. According to Cal-Adapt, California's database of climate information, Redding, under observed historical data from 1975, experienced an average 29 days of extreme heat when a daily maximum temperature is above 100 °F under a medium emissions scenario and an average 4 days of extreme heat when a daily maximum temperature was above 107 °F under similar conditions. This however has changed dramatically since 2005, as we experience an average of 50 days of extreme heat where a daily maximum temperature is abave 100 °F and 12 days of extreme heat where a daily maximum temperature is over 107 °F annually under medium emissions scenario. Re�ldin�„,Galif�rr�ia Pr�jec#ed chaw�5es in N�omber afi Extr�m�H�at�ays��r Yea��u+rh�n daiCy rnaximum tem�re�ature is�Isc�v�140°F under a Media�m Emis�ion�(RGR 4.5)Scenari�. �!1 �I,.rRR�CI .f�<<::.i�! I thS"^»:f t�."t+s�.i Flf t! `_%'>F.1 �7..1.�t"> 9 9b�"�^R7�� "L��—2dJ'+�5 2Cl4t'i^�d�$ a.»a.�, tu4E ElT.1R^\'a'ik C E>Fh�Ne,�,� _. ERR,',�,��a .,Y. ��.€x 1�1'3€-. �1...�,y� 5Q�°,," 1�i-89 =�.�,,, ��,��t 24—�.�"�.�..,,,P '::�s Pd,.rr5lar� e, Ex•�:rravY§:,�°;'7.rW:7�e�r`v'a*c�r �;��t ... ..� .. ..�. .�... .... ,.. .. .. ... ... ., �� ... .. ... ;tf`, 1( � 4 . __. ,._ _.. .. .. I� ro ., .. .. . .. � � t��,y � � � ,� � . � �� . �t�P�� x �� t'"��A� N�i ��p�� }�� - 7tt ,,. _ .,. ,. . _ _ � � � Sw �`�� €i � � �� lS Y� t� !� ��J� �� r i` . . ,'� .. I r n '. �+��' .;� � . s �1� z C � 'd �� i�� ,>�i ..l�Yff _ F I � +� �l t � t Yy w / �� " �"5�P� � � �� _ � t _ �� r�� 7 '� ��X � v�, i Gi �a 7 I ,�'�� 4 � �i f� a �� _ t l� �`� �� o � � ; �� t�' �`'�°�,� `� �`t�' �� E �� " a �,�s� ��, I( ,� �Y� t1 ' it ��4' �t,�� ' �?�� i�� t� � `I t; � . ,�� . .... i .. �.. � s �� r¢ ( �i! � �� p ,'�yi`�� 4 �s� � ��t ;�� ;a a r k � ,' 1 7 $ K9 k t� $ �{l��,i'�� " 8 ��'� �� 1 �t t�?t ;i� � ,�� 1 s!' � F' 1 � t E � � � =f, �.�: � E ��„� � �,��f�` ��`�° '��'�� .,�F �`�,��`� .� 9` ._. _. _. � ._ __ - ._ _ ^c'. . . t ;.t� � Y�� l: .._.. ( ..__.. '✓" ._..... � ....... ._._. .._._ ..._. ._... .__.. .._. _... ..... ...._ .__. t� ... .�eet: ... ... A 4 .. ....�i:�t.4 ,.. .�t?2�:� , .. ::C#�� , ... _u5C''.. ... W ... ,. .�t�:,) �tlbseRv�c� _�{:an�SM2(�lve�age) ��NRm-CM�(CooRfWeB} �FiadG�M2-�Sl,W�rmlprp) �MI4C��S(Complevm�en#}; �c�u�rc�:Cal-Atf��f,Dat�;k�QCFt L�awns�iG��f 4:1�'fiPS Clur��at��`�a��cti�n�;�Scrip��Zc��ti#Eitie��r af ocean�rgrl�hxil,G�i�cted aF�s�rved�8etetaral��ea[��ta;Us�iv��sGt�o€Codorzc��E�cr4slder},LCJCA Lr�rsvc��F°rsad�icts(Ger�spatl�l Sn¢�ovatipe��aco�iEy,h. Source:https.�/%al-adapt.orpltools/extreme-heat/ 46 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Snow According to newspaper reports, the largest one-day (unofficial) record for snowfall in Redding occurred on New Year's Day in 1899, with more than 23 inches of snow. The NWS official records, which began in 1893, indicate the largest one-day snowfall total at 16 inches, two-day snowfall total at 20 inches, and maximum three-day snowfall total at 23 inches. The exact dates of the NWS records are not known, but are likely to be from the City of Redding's most damaging snowstorm on record, which began on December 22, 1968. In this event, several storms produced wet snow that caused a number of roofs to collapse, most notably a drug store, bowling alley, billiard parlor, roller rink, grocery store, wholesale-food warehouse, and the top of the main airplane hangar at Benton Airpark. Other damage reported included the toppling or breaking of overloaded trees and large limbs and metal awnings collapsing onto cars. Total damage was estimated at $3.2 million. In December 1988, three different storm systems dumped a total of 17 inches of snow in Redding. On New Year's Eve in 1992, an unexpected snowstorm caught Redding residents off guard, when 4 to 10 inches of snow fell. These events appear to have been mostly an inconvenience to City residents and resulted in little damage. In late December 2003, the City of Redding experienced its most damaging snowfall since 1968. Snow began falling in the evening of December 28 and continued to do so steadily through the next morning. While snow accumulations did vary significantly throughout the City, the north and west areas of the City experienced the largest snowfall amounts of nearly 12 inches. There were a few industrial buildings that experienced partial roof collapses, and several metal-roof carports collapsed at an apartment complex. While the structural damage was much less than what had occurred in the 1968 snowstorm, there were a significant number of downed trees, tree branches, and power lines and some auto accidents from this storm. The tree damage occurred most commonly on large-canopy live oak trees that collected the heavy snow on their leaf-laden branches. Unlike other oak trees common in the Redding area, live oaks do not lose their leaves in the fall. Some of the fallen trees and/or limbs caused damage to residences while many others fell into and blocked streets. The City of Redding Electric Utility classified the December 2003 snowstorm as a 1 in 25-year event (i.e., occurs once every 25 years). The storm event was logged between December 28, 2003, and January 2, 2004, and included the snowstorm and a windstorm that followed, with wind speeds in excess of 60 miles per hour. The storm events afFected 13,229 customers. The total direct cost to the Electric Utility was reported as $328,500. In February of 2018, the City of Redding experienced another snowfall event. This snowfall dropped 14 inches of snow in 12 hours on the night of February 12th. The storm caused significant problems for the community. Downed trees and power lines caused power outages to over 20,000 residents. Fire Fighters received over 330 emergency response calls in a 24-hour period compared to 30-50 in a normal 24 hr. period. There were no reports of roofs collapsing because of the snow itself. However, there were numerous buildings and cars damaged by falling trees. This storm damaged an extremely large number of trees. Several thousand trees in the City alone. There were reports of 10 or more downed trees per mile along some roadways hampering access on the roads. 47 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Wind According to the NWS, the highest recorded wind speeds in the City of Redding occurred in early December 1995, when 60 mph (fastest-mile) and 85 mph peak gusts were measured. The Record Searchlight reported that these hurricane-force winds knocked down fences, toppled trees and power poles, tore roofing off houses,tipped a big rig in a parking lot, and caused damage at the Redding Municipal Airport to 4 planes and 18 hangars. The storm also resulted in the death of a woman who was smothered when a large oak tree fell through her mobile home and landed on the bed where she was sleeping. This storm appears to have produced the strongest winds since 1877, when peak gusts were estimated to be nearly 80 mph. Many longtime Redding residents make comparisons between the December 1995 storm and what is referred to as the Columbus Day Storm. On October 12, 1962, this storm blew into to California as a result of tropical typhoon Frieda, apparently with wind gusts slightly less than the December 1995 storm. It too caused damage to fences, roofs, trees, power poles, etc. throughout the City. The most recent windy weather event occurred in the final days of 2014 which contributed to the death of a woman who was trapped by a large gray pine that landed on a house. The wind gusts at the Redding Airport peaked at 38 mph around 2 a.m. Wednesday, December 31, with sustained winds averaging 29 mph. Hai1 According to the NWS, 2.5" tennis ball sized hail was reported at 10:00 p.m. on May 24, 2019. The hail damaged cars and roofs of buildings. There were an estimated 13,000 homes that had damage to their roofing as a result of the hail storm. Although the storm only lasted a few minutes the amount of damage was significant and included vehicles, patio covers, skylights, roofs and fences. Secondary lmpact— Utility Disruption Extended high temperatures throughout the State of California may impact the state's electrical grid during extreme heat events. Energy-supply shortages in California also threaten the reliability to our customers. Major causes can be attributed to wildfires and large-area electrical-grid disturbances. In 1996, Redding was impacted by a West Coast power outage that caused the automatic load shedding of about 30 percent of our customers for over 30 minutes. On February 13, 2019 the Redding area experienced an abnormally heavy snowstorm, leaving many customers without power for a period of up to seven days. North state fires and National Weather Service "Red Flag Warning days" issued due to high winds have increased significantly over the past several years. During severe storm events, spikes in turbidity could lead to the shutdown of Pump House No. 1. By having an alternate to the pump house, the water delivery system is more reliable and allows more flexibility for periodic inspection, maintenance, and repairs to be performed at the treatment plant. 7.6.3 Future Events 48 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Based on the historical data, it is expected that the entire planning area, the City of Redding, wiii continue to be equally at risk and experience severe weather, including extreme heat, high winds and heavy snow. Extreme heat of temperatures over 1Q0 °F is expected to increase exponentially under medium emission scenario stemming primarily from the higher frequency, more intense and longer heat waves resulting in higher risks of heat strokes and dehydration. High winds with gusts up to 60 mph are anticipated to occur on a fairly regular basis. While snowstorms that produce small amounts of snowfall accumulation may occur slightly less often as storms that produce high winds, snowstorms that produce damaging amounts of snowfall are expected to occur much less often (i.e., approximately once every 20 years). 7.6.4 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts The City of Redding enforces the California Building Code (CBC) and the applicable sections of the CBC that relate to snow-load and wind-load design. The current design criterion for the City of Redding is 30 pounds per square foot(psf) non-reducible snow load and wind loading based on 85 mph three-second- gust wind speed with the appropriate exposure category for the site (i.e., Exposure B or Exposure C for open and flat site conditions). In the summer of 1969, as a direct result of the damage from the December 1968 snowstorm, the City adopted a minimum design (roof)snow load of 30 pounds per square foot(psf)for all new structures. This design snow load was based on the recommendations from a committee of local engineers, architects, and building inspectors who investigated and studied the roof failures. Prior to the 1968 storm, there was no snow load-design requirement. The City does not have a number of structures that were constructed prior to the 30 psf snow load. The current policy is that structures built prior to 1970 must undergo a snow-load analysis by a qualified design professional (i.e., licensed engineer of architect) when that structure undergoes a change in use or occupancy that results in the structure being placed in higher hazard occupancy group, as required by CBC Chapter 34. Structures that are found to be structurally deficient are required to be upgraded to support a 30 psf snow load. To mitigate the impact of natural disasters, REU participates in a local Emergency Response group and belongs to the California Utility Emergency Association (CUEA) through which has executed mutual aid agreements with the other member California utilities. REU adheres to a comprehensive system-maintenance and tree-trimming program in accordance with CPUC standards. In addition, Senate Bill 901 required all utilities in California to prepare and submit a wildfire mitigation plan. On December 3, 2019 Redding City Council approved REU's Wildfire Mitigation Plan. In regard to energy-supply mitigation, REU belongs to the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). WECC is one of the nation's electric reliability organizations under the jurisdiction of the North American Reliability Council (NERC). NERC sets the reliability standards for all electric utilities connected to the Bulk Electric System. These standards govern the majority of REU's emergency procedures and protocols relating to system operation, stability, and reliability. In addition to meeting NERC standards, REU has taken additional measures to mitigate energy-supply shortages, such as installing local power generation, participating in regional emergency reserve groups, and installing emergency "off-system" generators. REU maintains the following emergency plans: 49 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan REU Plans • Emergency Operating Procedures • Energy Emergency Plan — Public Notification and Appeal • Recognition and Reporting of Sabotage • Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plans (SPCC) • Hazardous Materials Business Plans for REU Facilities • Wildfire Mitigation Plan • Physical Security Plan Wet U�ilities To mitigate the impact of utility disruption, the City of Redding's water and wastewater facilities are equipped with redundant power supplies, diesel generators, and back-up portable pumps. Some generators are at permanent locations, while others are portable, providing flexibility in operations. The City adheres to a comprehensive system-and facility-maintenance schedule. Generators at Foothill & PH1 will be installed as part of a FEMA/CA� OES grant awarded in 2020. The City is currently in the process of evaluating and updating its water and wastewater models to better assess required facility improvements. These improvement recommendations establish what is required now and, in the future, with projected population growth. The City also has emergency pumping plans when flows exceed the capacity of strategic wastewater lift stations. 7.6.5 Vulnerability Extreme Heat Extreme heat events can be further exacerbated by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Urban Heat Island is any large urban area that often experiences higher temperatures, greater pollution, and negative health impacts during hot summer months. This phenomenon is created by a combination of heat-absorptive surFaces, heat-generating activities and the absence of vegetation resulting in warmer nighttime temperatures, worsened air quality in urban environments leading to heat-related illness and fatalities. Vegetation helps mitigate the UHI effect through evaporative cooling. Urban tree cover (urban forests), parks, green roofs and walls essentially are ideal solutions to UHI effect that not just reduce temperature, but also provide shade and improve air quality during heat events. The technological advancements currently available includes, cool roofs, cool pavements (light colored materials that reflect, rather than absorb solar energy) and heat reflective paints that considerably reduce surFace temperatures. • Public Health: Impacts include cardiovascular stress, premature death, dehydration, sunburns, skin rashes and heat-related illnesses such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and kidney stones. 50 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan • Fire: Excessive heat decreases the moisture content in the environment, increasing its flammability, the length and severity of wildfire. • Utility disruption: Damage to critical infrastructure: Extreme heat can lead to power outages as people rely heavily on air-conditioning and other indoor cooling systems. This can overwhelm the power grid, leading to service disruptions, adversely affecting people who rely on electricity for critical functions and medical services. • Air quality: Extreme heat contributes to the formation of ground level ozone that is extremely harmful to human health. This in the form of smog, combined with other secondary pollutants such as automobile and industrial emissions chemically react in the presence of heat and sunlight, to form compounds that worsen air quality leading to health-related risks. Smog, also tends to stay longer increasing community exposure to pneumonia, asthma, allergic rhinitis, respiratory diseases, leading to premature death amongst seniors, children, and infants that are susceptible to experiencing these impacts. Snow When winter snow storms occur, they will affect the entire community's population. Power outages from snow fall alone are rare, unless freezing rain has accompanied the snow fall. The City has snow-clearing equipment to plow non-state roads. This mitigates car accidents as drivers with little winter driving experience will tend to drive too fast and brake too quickly, therefore relieving the strain on emergency services. Additionally, snow fall means lower temperatures which tend to mean more structure fires created by using unsafe heating methods. In large snow falls, businesses may suffer because of the inability of employees to get to work because of road conditions. This generally lasts for a day. Homeowners are often not prepared for the cold weather associated with snow fall which means that water pipes often break. Snow fall typically does not have as significant an impact on the total population of the City as high winds. Wind When wind storms occur, it will affect the entire population. The first effect will be power loss to the residences and businesses. Power will be interrupted by downed lines as a result of trees blowing over or branches falling onto lines. The City of Redding Electric Utility have been proactive by implementing mitigation programs that cut back tree branches in compliance with the California State Public Utility Commission (CPUC)tree-trimming clearance standards that were established in January 1997. This helps tree limbs from falling onto the lines. Debris such as fallen branches in the road causes driving hazards for the public and emergency service personnel. Debris clearing becomes a top priority for the City after high wind storms. Hail Unlike the snow and the wind, hail storms are typically unpredictable and usually only affect an isolated area of the population. Damage mostly occurs to structures and vehicle but there could be injuries to humans and livestock. Accumulation of hail on the roadways can causes driving hazards for the public and emergency service personnel. Clearing or road closures becomes a high priority for the City. 51 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.6.6 Mitigations� Goal 7: Reduce deaths, injuries, structural damage, and losses from severe weather. Objective 7.A: Ensure City preparedness for emergency response actions due to severe winter weather. Action 7.A.1: Continue active participation and training of City personnel in the Cal EMA Safety Assessment Program (SAP). Action 7.A.2: Provide yearly review of the procedures of safety assessment inspections, including proper use of the City's official placards (unsafe, restricted use and inspected) and how to complete the rapid and detailed safety assessment evaluation forms. Action 7.A.3: Conduct annual emergency operation center drills to ensure efficiency of City staff and coordination of resources and information. Goal 8: Prevent deaths, injuries, structural damage, environmental damage, and losses from extreme heat and utility disruptions. Objective 8.A: Manage the Power System to ensure safe and reliable operation of the City's electric system through 24-hour dispatching of the distribution system and real-time monitoring of REU resources. Action 8.A.1: Provide safe, reliable switching control and coordination of field crews throughout the year. Action 8.A.2: Real-time System Operators continue to constantly monitor the power grid and dispatch resources to mitigate power-supply curtailments. Action 8.A.3: Annual training of System Operators to respond to power-system emergencies. Action 8.A.4: Annual review and update of emergency plans. Joined North West Power Pool to obtain additional energy emergency resources. Ongoing meetings with local power agencies to coordinate response to energy emergencies. Action 8.A.5: Participate in state wide power grid emergency operation training (CETAC). Annual training on black start procedures, system restoration procedures, and emergency communications. Ongoing coordination of emergency plans with Western Area Power Administration and Sacramento Municipal Utility District. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 52 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 8.A.6: Annual review and update of Sabotage procedures. Registered power plant site and equipment with the California Emergency Management Agency. Action 8.A.7: Develop and implement an internal NERC Standards compliance program. Assigned committees to audit and ensure compliance with national and regional reliability standards. Action 8.A.8: Develop and implement a natural gas pipeline emergency response plan per PNSMA regulations. Conduct joint emergency response training with local emergency response agencies. Action 8.A.9: Develop and maintain an emergency Real-time Scheduling and Trading office (to be located at Redding City Hall) for periods of time in which the current scheduling and trading facility(located at Redding Power) is unavailable, unreachable, or compromised. Objective 8.B: Ensure that the Redding Power Plant is available to meet the City's power needs whenever required. Action 8.B.1: Continue maintenance of the Redding Power Plant facilities to assure availability to respond to power-grid emergencies. Action 8.B.2: Work to provide redundant water supply during emergencies for sustained cooling tower operation. Objective 8.C: Continue construction of new generation, transmission, substation, and distribution facilities to meet expanding system needs and upgrading of existing facilities to maintain a safe and reliable system. Action 8.C.1: Continue modernization of substation equipment and modernize distribution equipment to industrial best practice standards. Work to provide redundant system communication systems and distribution monitoring for improved situational awareness. Action 8.C.2: Modernize Sulphur Creek Substation, Canby Substation, and Eureka Way Substation. Action 8.C.3: Partial reconditioning of the Eureka Way/Sulphur Creek 115kV line. Action 8.C.4: Construct the Stillwater 115kV line from East Redding Substation to Airport Substation. Objective 8.D: Continue to mitigate potential hazards of overhead power lines. Action 8.D.1: Continue the program that ensures trimming of trees on a three-year-or less trim cycle that meets new California State Public Utility Commission (CPUC) tree-trimming clearance standards that were established in January 1997 and revised in 2017 with increased clearances. 53 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 8.D.2: Continue annual equipment inspection and pole-replacement programs to assure reliability and public safety. Objective 8.E: Manage the water and wastewater systems to ensure safe and reliable operations during potential utility disruptions caused by severe storm events. Action 8.E.1: Provide safe and reliabie collection-system, pump-station, and treatment-plant controls and operations. Perform preventative maintenance with coordination of field crews throughout the year. 54 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.7 Earthquakes 7.7.1 Nature A fault is a thin layer of crushed rock between two blocks of the earth's crust that have moved relative to one another. A fault can range in length from a few centimeters to thousands of miles. An earthquake is the shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane and less frequently from volcanic activity. Earthquakes occur when forces underground cause the fault to rupture and suddenly slip. This occurs when the stress buildup at the fault exceeds the strength of rock resisting the movement. Two of the most common methods to describe an earthquake are by intensity and magnitude. Intensity and magnitude measure different characteristics of earthquakes. Intensity Intensity is a measure of the strength of shaking experienced in an earthquake at a particular location. The intensity scale used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity scale, which represents the local effect or damage caused by an earthquake (see Table 7-5). This scale, composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity that range from imperceptible shaking to catastrophic destruction, is designated by Roman numerals (I through XII). The lower numbers of the intensity scale generally deal with the manner in which the earthquake is felt by people. The higher numbers of the scale are based on observed structural damage. The maximum observed intensity generally occurs near the earthquake epicenter, and the intensity generally decreases away from the epicenter. Sometimes earthquakes are referred to by the maximum intensity they produce. The Modified Mercalli intensity value assigned to a specific site after an earthquake has a more meaningful measure of severity to the general public than the earthquake magnitude, because intensity refers to the observed effects and damage actually experienced at that location. For example, an earthquake of intensity MM ll would barely be felt by people favorably situated, while intensity MM X would produce heavy damage, especially to unreinforced masonry structures. Local geologic conditions strongly influence the intensity of an earthquake. Commonly, sites on soft ground or alluvium may have intensities 2 to 3 units higher than sites on bedrock. Magnitude Magnitude is a measure of the size of the earthquake and energy released at the source of the earthquake where the fault slip has occurred. Magnitude is determined from measurements on seismographs which record the ground motion from the earthquake. Magnitude scales, like the Richter (local) magnitude and moment magnitude, measure the size of the earthquake at its source. Thus, they do not depend on where the measurement of the earthquake is 55 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan made. Earthquakes below magnitude M2.5 are generally not felt by people. Table 7-6 represents the approximate Modified Mercalli intensity near the epicenter of the earthquake versus the earthquake magnitude. Table 7-5 Modified Mercalli Intensit Scale MM � Obs�rved effeGts and tlamage Intensity I Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions. II Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings. Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings. Many people do I11 not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Vibrations similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated. Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day.At night, some awakened. Dishes,windows, IV doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked noticeably. V Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes and windows broken. Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop. V� Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built VII ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in ordinary substantial VIII buildings with partial collapse. Damage great in poorly built structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy furniture overturned. Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out IX of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. X Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures destroyed with foundations. Rails bent. XI Few, if any(masonry)structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Rails bent greatly. XII Damage total. Lines of sight and level are distorted. Objects thrown into the air. Table 7-6 Modified Mercalli Intensit and Ma nitude MM Intensity I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI X�� Magnitude 1 -2 2-3 3-4 4 4-5 5-6 6 6-7 7 7-8 8 >8 56 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Seismic Hazards The primary seismic hazard is ground shaking caused by the earthquake and resulting seismic waves. Ground shaking is most often reported as peak ground acceleration (PGA) which represents the largest ground acceleration recorded by a particular station during an earthquake. PGA may be given in various acceleration units but is most commonly reported as a percentage(or fraction)of the acceleration of gravity (i.e. "g"). Table 7-7 represents the approximate relationship between the Modified Mercalli intensity and PGA, as a percentage of"g". Table 7-7 Modified Mercalli Intensity and PGA MM Intensi#y 1 II-Itl IV V VI �tll ' WIII i IX X+ Perceived Not Weak Light Moderate Strong Very Severe Violent Extreme Shaking felt strong Potential None None None Very light Light Moderate Moderate/ Heavy Very Damage Heavy heavy PGA(%g) < .17 ��4 3:9 3.9 - 9.2 9.2 - 18 18 - 34 34 -65 65- 124 > 124 Secondary hazards include surface faulting, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis. Surface faulting is displacement that reaches the earth's surface during slip along a fault. �iquefaction is the process by which water-saturated sediment temporarily loses strength and acts as a fluid. 7.7.2 History Shasta County has a low level of historic seismic activity. In the past 120 years, there has been no significant property damage or loss of life due to earthquakes occurring within or near the county. Maximum recorded intensities have reached MM Vll, with possibly one instance of MM Vlll. Most of the stronger intensity seismic activity in Shasta County has occurred in the eastern half of the county near Lassen Peak. The City of Redding is located in the less seismically active western half of Shasta County, referred to as an area of "moderate seismicity." Earthquake activity has not been a serious hazard in the City of Redding's history, nor is it probable that it will become a serious hazard in the future. Research of historical earthquakes indicates that Redding has experienced several moderate-sized earthquakes, magnitude 4.0 to 4.5 (estimated) in 1904, 1915, 1919, 1920 and 1930. On November 26 (Thanksgiving Day), 1998, the City of Redding experienced a local magnitude M� 5.2 earthquake that was centered three miles north-northwest of Redding near Keswick Dam. This was the largest recorded earthquake since the U.S. Geological Survey began monitoring Shasta County in 1981 and was believed to be the largest earthquake in the Redding area since 1878. No structural damage was 57 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan reported in the City of Redding. Nonstructural damage that was reported consisted of broken merchandise at a liquor store, grocery store, and drug store; loss of power at a grocery store due to a damaged electrical panel; a fire sprinkler break causing damage in a mechanical room and two operating rooms at Mercy Medical Center; and nonstructural cracks at expansion joints in a highway overpass. Outside the city limits, a 4-million-gallon water tank in Bella Vista lifted about an inch off its foundation, resulting in bent anchor bolt washers; and a PG&E transformer caught fire in Corning, resulting in a temporary power outage for 7,500 customers. The only reported earthquake injury occurred in the City of Shasta Lake when a woman slipped and fell in a grocery store. She was later admitted to Mercy Medical Center for X-rays. 7.7.3 Future Events Ground Shaking The City of Redding is assigned to Seismic Design Category D per the 2019 California Building Code. The City of Redding, in its entirely, would be at a relatively low risk of exposure to strong seismic shaking. The maximum earthquake intensity is expected to be between MM Vl& MM Vll(see Table 7-5). According to the California Department of Conservation — Division of Mines and Geology (DMG), seismic hazard mapping indicates approximate probabilistic peak-ground accelerations (PGA)of 16%g, 18%g, and 22%g on firm rock, soft rock, and alluvium site soil categories, respectively. These ground accelerations correspond to the earthquake that has a 10 percent probability of being exceeded in 50 years, or the earthquake that has a return interval of 475 years. Surface Faulting There are no fault-rupture hazard zones within the City of Redding, as defined by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. Therefore, surface fault rupture is not considered to be a significant hazard. Ground Failure Based on the low to moderate expected PGA and the geology and the topography within the City of Redding, seismically induced land sliding and/or liquefaction are not considered significant hazards. 7.7.4 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts Damage in Redding resulting from earthquakes would most likely be from ground shaking and less likely from related ground failure. The effects of ground shaking are best mitigated by adequate design for the maximum probable earthquake for the City of Redding. The effects of ground failure are best mitigated by adequate geotechnical investigations of specific sites. The City of Redding enforces the California Building Code, which establishes building requirements for all new structures based on predicted earthquake intensities. The risk of loss of life and property damage due to seismic activity is assumed to be minimized if the California Building Code is enforced. The Seismic 58 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Hazards Assessment for the City of Redding states "... the UBC(Uniform Building Code)generally provides conservative ground motion criteria for the design of new buildings and structures... the probability is small thaf the UBC (design standardJ will be exceeded." ** However, the Assessment also states that some structures on alluvial deposits and soft rock couid experience peak horizontal accelerations greater than those anticipated in the UBC and, therefore, recommends that site-specific seismic hazard evaluations be performed for critical facilities. The Seismic Hazards Assessment for the City of Redding also includes maps of the potential liquefaction areas within the City's sphere of influence. The Assessment recommends that where areas of liquefaction potential are anticipated, site-specific investigations regarding liquefaction potential should be made. Plan review of building permit applications are provided through the Building Division of the Development Services Department. The Building Division currently consists of 18 staff inembers: a Building Official/Assistant Development Services Director,a supervising building inspector,four building inspectors, three plan examiners, one senior plans examiner, one plan check engineers, three Code Enforcement officers, three development services techs, and one administrative assistant. All the building inspectors and plan checkers are certified by the International Code Council (ICC). In addition to the ICC certifications, the plan check engineer holds a license as a California structural engineer. As compared to otherjurisdictions north of Sacramento, the City of Redding has long had a reputation of having one of the most thorough building plan-check processes intended to safeguard life, limb, and property as stated in the California Building Code. 7.7.5 Vulnerability The City of Redding recently ran an earthquake scenario based on an expected peak-ground acceleration (PGA)of 18%g over the entire City (See Figure 11). Building Damage Ratios were estimated at 6 percent for older structures located in the immediate downtown area of the City and 3 percent for all other areas within the City. The Building Damage Ratio represents an estimate of the ratio, as a percentage, of the repair cost divided by the replacement cost. The higher damage ratio in the downtown area was chosen, since these structures are typically older and less likely to have been constructed with any seismic code- design provisions (i.e., pre-seismic-code buildings). The total damage is estimated at $303 million for the City as a whole (see Table 7-8), which is less than 2 percent of the damage estimates from the 1994 Northridge earthquake which was$20 billion, making it one of the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history. Footnote ** The Seismic Hazard Assessment for The City of Redding was conducted in 1995 under the Uniform Building Codes. Redding was located in Seismic Zone 3 under the UBC. We are now using the lnternational Building Codes. Redding is now located in Seismic Design Category D. This shift in code terminology does not have any other effect or change to the information presented in the 1995 report nor has there been any significant seismic events since the publishing of this report that would alter the outcome or findings within. Table 7-8 59 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Earthquake Damage Estimates Type nf Number of Stru�tures Value of Structures Estimated Structure 13amage #with #with Value in Value with Walue with #in City DR'-6% II DR=3% City dR=6% DR=3% Residential 27,267 2,440 24,827 $6,234 M $255 M $5,979 M $198 M Commercial 1,733 577 1,156 $1,256 M $418 M $838 M $44 M Industrial 393 35 358 $172 M $8 M $163 M $5 M Agricultural 18 1 17 6 M $0 6 M $0 M Religious/ 57 7 50 $132 M $3 M $130 M $6 M Non-Profit Government 302 81 221 $884 M $387 M $497 M $31 M Education 352 101 251 $348 M $109 M $238 M $14 M Utilities 138 10 128 $149 M $13 M $136 M $5 M TOTAL 30,260 3,252 27,008 $9,181 M $1,193 M $7,987 M $303 M DR= Estimated Damage Ratio = repair cost/replacement cost M = millions of dollars 7.7.6 Mitigations� Goal 9: Reduce deaths, injuries, structural damage, and/osses from earthquakes. Objective 9.A: Ensure that structures in the City are adequately earthquake resistant. Action 9.A.1: Continue to enforce the seismic provisions of the latest edition of the California Building Standards Codes for new construction, alterations, and additions. Action 9.A.2: Continue to require a seismic analysis of existing structures (built under earlier building codes) that undergo a change in use or occupancy that results in a higher hazard occupancy group. Objective 9.B: Ensure City preparedness for emergency-response actions due to earthquakes. Action 9.8.1: Continue active participation and training of City personnel in the Cal EMA Safety Assessment Program (SAP). �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 60 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 9.B.2: Provide yearly review of the procedures of safety assessment inspections, including proper use of the City's official placards (unsafe, restricted use and inspected) and how to complete the rapid and detailed safety assessment evaluation forms. Action 9.B.3: Conduct annual emergency operation center drills to ensure efficiency of City staff and coordination of resources and information. 61 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.8 Hazardous Material 7.8.1 Nature Nazardous materials (Hazmat) may include hundreds of substances that pose a significant risk to humans. These substances may be highly toxic, reactive, corrosive, flammable, radioactive, or infectious. They are present in nearly every community in the U.S., where they may be manufactured, used, stored, transported, or disposed of. Because of their nearly ubiquitous presence, there are hundreds of Hazmat release events annually in the U.S. that contaminate air, soil, and groundwater resources, potentially triggering millions of dollars in clean-up costs, human and wildlife injuries, and occasionally human deaths (FEMA, 1997). The City of Redding Clear Creek and Stillwater Wastewater Treatment Plants store and utilize chlorine gas to disinfect wastewater and then neutralize the chlorine with sulfur dioxide gas prior to reclaimed water discharge into the Sacramento River, in accordance with NPDES permits from the California Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board. Chlorine and sulfur dioxide are both DOT Class 2.3 poison gases. The City of Redding Foothill and Water Treatment Plants utilize chlorine gas to disinfect and treat water prior to distribution into the water system. Hazardous material releases may occur from any of the following: • Fixed site facilities (e.g., refineries, chemical plants, storage facilities, manufacturing, warehouses, wastewater treatment plants, swimming pools, dry cleaners, automotive sales/repair, gas stations, etc.) • Highway and rail transportation (e.g., tanker trucks, chemical trucks, railroad tankers) • Air transportation (e.g., cargo packages) • Pipeline transportation (liquid petroleum, natural gas, other chemicals) In response to concerns over the environmental and safety hazards posed by the storage and handling of toxic chemicals in the U.S., Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) in 1986. These concerns were triggered by the 1984 disaster in Bhopal, India, in which more than 2,000 people died or were seriously injured from the accidental release of inethyl isocyanine from an American-owned Union Carbide plant. To reduce the likelihood of such a disaster in the U.S., EPCRA established specific requirements on federal, state, and local governments; Indian tribes; and industries to plan for hazardous-materials emergencies. EPCRA's Community Right-to-Know provisions help increase the public's knowledge and access to information on chemicals at individual facilities, their uses, and releases into the environment. States and communities working with facilities can use the information to improve chemical safety and protect public health and the environment (EPA, May 2003). Under EPCRA, hazardous materials must be reported to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), even if they do not result in human exposure. Such releases may include the following: 62 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan • Air emissions (e.g., pressure-relief valves, smokestacks, broken pipes, water or ground emissions with vapors). • Discharges into bodies of water(e.g., outflows to sewers, spills on land,water runoff, and contaminated groundwater). • Discharges onto land. • Solid waste disposals in on-site landfills. • Transfer of wastewater to public sewage plants. • Transfers of waste to off-site facilities for treatment or storage. In addition to accidental human-caused hazardous material events, natural hazards may cause the release of hazardous materials and complicate response activities. The impact of earthquakes on fixed facilities may be particularly bad due to the impairment of the physical integrity or even failure of containment facilities. The threat of any hazardous material event may be magnified due to restricted access, reduced fire suppression and spill containment, and even complete cut-off of response personnel and equipment. In addition, the risk of terrorism involving hazardous materials is considered a major threat due to the location of hazardous-material facilities and transport routes throughout communities and the frequently limited anti-terrorism security at these facilities. In the event of accidental releases of chlorine or sulfur dioxide gases at the wastewater and/or water treatment plants, the plant staff as well as the surrounding citizenry should be evacuated. Initial evacuation is suggested at 0.2 mile in all directions for a small release, and then expanding downwind and downhill for 2 miles for larger releases. Due to the high level of risk posed by hazardous materials, numerous federal, state, and local agencies are involved in their regulation, including the EPA, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), FEMA, U.S. Army, and the International Maritime Organization. Unless exempted, facilities that use, manufacture, or store hazardous materials in the U.S. fall under the regulatory requirements of EPCRA, enacted as Title III of the federal Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) 42 U.S.C. §§11001-11050 (1988)). EPCRA has four major provisions: • Emergency Planning (Sections 301-303) is designed to help communities prepare for, and respond to, emergencies involving hazardous substances. It requires every community in the United States to be part of a comprehensive emergency response plan. • The Governor of California has designated a State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) responsible for implementing EPCRA provisions within California. The SERC oversees Local Emergency Planning Committee (�EPC) districts. Emergency Release Notification (Section 304) includes a list of chemicals that if spilled must be reported, including Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS). The SERC supervises and coordinates activities of each LEPC, establishes procedures for 63 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan receiving and processing public requests for information collected under EPCRA and reviews LEPC developed local emergency response plans. Facilities with an EHS at quantities exceeding the Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQ) must notify the SERC and LEPC and provide a representative to participate in the county emergency planning process. • Hazardous chemical storage reporting requirements (Sections 311-312) that require facilities possessing a threshold reporting quantity of a hazardous material under EPCRA (Section 311/312, 40 CFR Part 370) to submit an annual chemical inventory report (Tier II Hazardous Chemical Inventory Form) to the SERC, �EPC and local fire department. • Toxic chemical release inventory (Section 313). Of the hundreds of hazardous materials under the EPCRA regulatory scheme, those hazardous materials that pose the greatest risk for causing catastrophic emergencies are identified as an EHS.As noted above,the presence of EHSs in quantities at or above TPQ require additional emergency planning and mitigation activities. These chemicals are identified by the US EPA in the List of Lists— Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 912 of the Clean Air Act (EPA, October 2001). Releases of EHSs can occur during transport and from fixed facilities. Transportation related releases are generally more troublesome because they may occur anywhere, including close to human populations, critical facilities, or sensitive environmental areas. Transportation-related EHS releases are also more difficult to mitigate due to the variability of locations and distance from response resources. It should be noted that while comprehensive and readily accessible information is available on hazardous material release and facilities subject to EPCRA, there are numerous other sources of information on hazardous material facilities and incidents that are beyond the scope of this plan. A more in-depth analysis of potential hazardous material events would include the following: • Risk Management Plan (RMP)facilities. • Tier II Hazardous Chemical Inventory Form facilities. • Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)facilities. • Pipelines and related facilities. • Railroad transportation facilities. • Explosive storage, sales, use, and manufacturing facilities. • Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) Permit and Nazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) facilities. • Hazardous waste facilities (RCRA information and RMS databases). • National Response Center Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS). 64 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan • U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Nazardous Materials Information Reporting System (HMIRS). • California Hazardous Material Incident Reporting System (CNMIRS). • California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). • Trucking terminal facilities. • U.S. Office of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Injury, Illness, and Fatality Database. • 911 regional dispatch centers. • EPA Envirofacts and Window to My Environment. • EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO). 7.8.2 History Some of the worst hazardous material events have occurred outside the U.S., such the 1984 incident in Bhopal, India. Within the U.S., the National Response Center (NRC) reported that an average of 280 hazardous material releases and spills occurred at fixed sites annually during the period 1987-1990. The US Department of Transportation reported an average of 6,774 hazardous material events annually during the period 1982-1991, with highways accounting for 81.4 percent, railroads 14.7 percent, and other events 6.6 percent.Additionally, highway transportation hazardous material events have caused more than 100 deaths, 2,800 injuries, and $22.4 million in damages (FEMA, 1997). Hazmat releases are a major concern for the City of Redding and surrounding communities in Shasta County. Local records show a number of hazardous material events within the City. In the past five years, there have been seven major Hazardous Materials Incident Responses. The incidents range from two drums of unknown substance in 2004 to a 1000-gallon gasoline spill at Churn Creek Road and Dana Drive in 1999. One significant release of chlorine gas occurred at the Clear Creek Plant during the 1970s, where the City Fire Department responded and isolated the container. Since that time, only minor releases have occurred once every few years, which were corrected immediately by the on-site maintenance staff. In 2004, the City of Redding responded to 140 hazardous materials incidents of varying degree. While many of the incidents have been handled at the first-responder level, several required the Shasta-Cascade Hazardous Materials Response Team (SCHMRT) to assist in mitigating the hazard. 65 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan H�zardaus Materiafs Res onses-2004 400 - Hazardous condition, other 54 0.55% 410 - Flammable as or li uid condition, other 7 0.07% 411 - Gasoline or other flammable li uid s ill 16 0.16% 412 - Gas leak Natural as or�PG 28 0.28% 413 - Oil or other combustible li uid s ill 25 0.25% 420 -Toxic condition, other 2 0.02% 421 - Chemical hazard no s ill or leak 1 0.01% 422 - Chemical s ill or leak 3 0.03% 423 - Refri eration leak 1 0.01% 424 - Carbon monoxide incident 3 0.03% 7.8.3 Future Events In California, the majority of hazardous materials incidents are handled prior to becoming a disaster. Nevertheless, the City's emergency organization needs to be flexibie and evolutionary in its response to a developing incident in order to accommodate both the large number of relatively routine minor releases to truly disastrous hazardous materials releases. The City is considered by most to be rural in nature and therefore, does not include large industrial facilities which house or manufacture large quantities of hazardous materials that could potentially cause a devastating release. Comprehensive information on the probability and magnitude of hazardous material events across all types of sources (e.g., fixed facility, transport vehicle) is not available. Wide variations in the characteristics of hazardous material sources and between the materials themselves make such an evaluation very difficult. The US Department of Transportation's Hazardous � � °'��' �°" ��=�r�� , �3 1 1�9� ,.... Materials Transportation Program is one of the r��=�� ,�, �� most advanced probability and magnitude estimation programs. The program collects information on unintentional releases of hazardous materials, including the consequences, and analyzes them. One of the major efforts of the � <� � program is to identify low-probability, high- consequence events (which may not be apparent from incident data) and to provide appropriate levels of protection (DOT, September 2003). Areas of concern in the City of Redding are the Union Pacific Railroad and Interstate 5, which are major interstate transportation routes that pass through our community. In addition, State Routes 44, 273, and 299 East and West support relatively high traffic volumes. Trains and trucks commonly Union Pacific Bridge over the Sacramento River carry a variety of hazardous materials, including gasoline and various crude-oil derivatives and other chemicals known to cause human health problems. 66 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan The City is exposed to the effects of a major catastrophic hazardous material emergency due to the proximity of these transportation routes to densely populated areas of the City. However, when properly contained, these materials present no hazard to the community. But in the event of an accident or derailment, such materiais may be released, either in solid, liquid, or gas form. In the case of some chemicals (such as chlorine), highly toxic fumes may be carried far from the accident site. Although standard accident and hazardous materials recovery procedures are enforced by the state and followed by private transportation companies, the City of Redding is at relatively high risk because of its location along interstate, rail, and highway corridors. Storing and handling hazardous materials always presents a potential danger for releases that would affect the wastewater treatment plant staff and the surrounding citizens. Accidents by staff or the supplier, equipment failure, vandalism, terrorism, or natural disasters such as earthquakes and catastrophic floods could initiate the uncontrolled release of chlorine or sulfur dioxide gases from the treatment plants. Due to the long history of only minor problems with these systems and the extensive staff training noted below, there is only a small chance of accidental releases that are not corrected immediately so as to affect the off-site citizenry. Informal surveys conducted by the Shasta County Office of Emergency Services, Shasta County Environmental Health, and the Redding Fire Department have indicated the presence of the following classifications of hazardous materials: explosives, poisons, corrosives, flammable liquids, combustible liquids, cryogenics, compressed gases (flammable and nonflammable), radioactive materials, and oxidizers. Large pressurized natural gas pipelines traverse the City. Three large propane facilities are located in the City. Other small, fixed facilities have varying uses of hazardous chemicals, but in general these do not pose a significant risk to the City. Air transportation of hazardous materials involves the smallest quantity, but still poses a potential hazard. While it is beyond the scope of this plan to evaluate the probability and magnitude of hazardous material events in the City of Redding in detail, it is possible to determine the exposure of population, buildings, and critical facilities should such an event occur. Of the facilities that were required to file an annual Tier II Material Inventory Report (under EPCRA) in Shasta County because of the presence of hazardous materials, six were identified as having Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS). The general locations of these facilities are shown on Figure 9. The substances recorded at these facilities include common hazardous substances, such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide, anhydrous ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide, large amounts of sulfuric acid, etc. EHSs pose the greatest risk for causing catastrophic emergencies. Therefore, facilities with EHSs are considered a greater threat than situations where non- EHSs are involved. The list provided for this report does not include an additional 42 facilities in the City of Redding that have quantities of sulfuric acid (an EHS) in new and used batteries, nor the sixteen City of Redding sites that have Chlorine Gas, Ammonia and/or small amounts of Sulfuric Acid. 7.8.4 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts The Redding Fire Department responds to spills, leaks, and releases of hazardous materials in the entire City service area. The goal of hazardous materials (hazmat) response is to protect life, the environment, and property from the damaging effects that can occur from the unplanned release of such materials. 67 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan All Redding Fire Department personnel are trained, at minimum, to the level of Hazardous Materials First Responder, which allows them to take defensive action at hazmat incidents. Additional personnel are trained to the higher levels of Nazardous Materials Technician and Hazardous Materials Specialist. Individuals trained to these levels are able to implement offensive control measures at hazmat incidents. Other City of Redding departments have undergone hazardous materials training and respond as needed to assist in incident mitigation. Members of the Redding Fire Department who are trained and certified to the level of Technician and Specialist are eligible to participate on the regional Nazmat Team. The SCNMRT Team is a multiagency team based in Shasta County that serves the counties of Shasta, Tehama, Trinity, Siskiyou, Lassen, and Modoc. Members from participating agencies train together every month and can respond to emergencies involving hazardous materials, such as poisons, radioactive materials, corrosives, compressed gases, and oxidizer releases. SCHMRT has been able to acquire additional equipment in the last year, thanks in large part to grants from the Office of Domestic Preparedness and Homeland Security Administration. Such equipment has expanded the Team's capability to handle incidents involving chemical, biological, and radioactive weapons. One such grant recently purchased a new response vehicle with an on-board field laboratory. SCHMRT pursues cost recovery from individuals and agencies deemed responsible for causing a spill, leak, or release of hazardous materials. In the event the responsible party cannot be located, the municipality in which the incident occurred is billed for the cost of mitigating the hazard. Because the Redding Fire Department is a part of the regional hazmat team, the City of Redding does not incur those costs, which can easily exceed $10,000 per incident. Continued involvement in SCHMRT is invaluable in our efforts to control and mitigate hazardous materials incidents. The costs of participating on the team are a small price, considering the costs associated with hiring an outside firm to respond to each incident in the City of Redding. With regard to the treatment plants, all facilities have undergone the development of Risk Management Plans that document the preventive and mitigation measures in place, as well as Vulnerability Assessments that document any system weaknesses to vandalism and terrorism activities. All facilities have continuous monitoring security alarms and gas-leak detection. Staff is trained to safely handle chlorine and sulfur dioxide, to maintain the equipment in a reliable manner and to direct safe procedures by suppliers and visitors. The Stillwater and Clear Creek Plants have scrubber systems that automatically initiates upon a leak detection and can neutralize up to a one-ton release of either chemical. The City Water and Wastewater Utilities operate a fully trained and certified hazardous materials response team that is equipped to respond and correct any releases of chlorine or sulfur dioxide at any time. Call- out procedures to activate this team are on file with the Redding Public Works Field Operations office, the Redding Fire Department Administration, and SHASCOM. 68 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.8.5 Vulnerability Overall, the City of Redding faces a moderate to high risk from exposure to hazardous material incidents, as shown in Figure 9. The exposure was determined via two methods, the first of which is a one-mile buffer around the six Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS)sites, and the second of which is a one-mile buffer around selected sites on the major transportation corridors (Interstate 5; State Routes 44, 273, and 299; and the Union Pacific Railroad Line). Within the one-mile buffer around the 21 EHS sites, exposed are: 48,209 people, 28,681 residential structures (worth $4.2 billion), 1,837 nonresidential structures (worth $2,280 million), and 269 critical facilities (worth $614.7 million). These figures are for all of the EHS sites and, therefore, overstate the exposure, since the probability of all EHS sites having an event simultaneously is very low. These facilities are predominately located within industrial- and public-zoned areas within the City. However, all 21 EHS facilities are located within a mile of residential areas. Within a one-mile buffer around one selected site on the major transportation corridors (Interstate 5 and Cypress Avenue), exposed are: 7,356 people, 1,535 residential structures (worth $178.4 million), 653 nonresidential structures (worth $450.3 million), and 6 critical facilities (worth $90.5 million). These figures are calculated for one of the selected sites on the transportation corridor to give a representation of the potential risk in this specific area. The other sites would have similar risk and exposure if an incident were to occur. The incident magnitude is dependent on a number of factors, including: time of day, day of week, location of incident, terrain, quantity of hazardous material involved, and type of hazardous material involved. With regard to the wastewater treatment plants,the Risk Management Plans document that a small release of 180 pounds of chlorine or sulfur dioxide gas from the Stillwater Plant would be contained within 0.1 mile and not affect the surrounding population, whereas a worst-case release of 2,000 pounds would transmit 1.3 miles and affect 2,400 people (See Figure 11). The Risk Management Plans document that a small release of 180 pounds of chlorine or sulfur dioxide gas from the Clear Creek Plant would be contained within 0.1 mile and not affect the surrounding population, whereas a worst-case release of 2,000 pounds would transmit 3 miles and affect 9,700 people (See Figure 11). 7.8.6 Mitigations� Goa/ 90: Reduce deaths, injuries, structural damage, and losses from hazardous material releases. Objective 10.A: Develop a comprehensive approach to enhance the City's ability to respond to hazardous material releases. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 69 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 10.A.1: Encourage the county, state, and federal hazardous material regulators to continue updating and consistently enforce hazardous materials regulations. Action 10.A.2: Conduct hazardous materiais incident emergency exercises. Action 10.A.3: Introduce hazardous materials plume-modeling software into the Emergency Operations Center. Action 10.A.4: Reinforce our partnership with Shasta County Environmental Health to provide additional information on all businesses regarding their use, handling, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials and their generation and disposal of hazardous wastes. Action 10.A.5: Make sure that hazardous processes are not allowed to be adjacent to, or co-mingle with, residential or high life hazard occupancies. Action 10.A.6: Provide, along with other stakeholders, educational materials to businesses who work with hazardous materials that clearly identify the risks, the safe practices for use, and the requirements for storage, of hazardous materials. Financial impact: $50,000. Objective 10.B: Train personnel to the technician and specialist level to be an integral part of the Regional Hazardous Materials Response Team. Action 10.B.1: Provide continued funding for training to enhance and promote safe hazardous material responses by City personnel. Action 10.B.2: Invite rail freight companies to conduct freight train-accident response training with City Field responders. Objective 10.C: Secure funding through Homeland Security grants and other sources to maintain and enhance equipment utilized and needed to ensure continued response and mitigation capabilities. Action 10.C.1: Identify if additional equipment is needed to ensure protection of community from identified risks. Action 10.C.2: Establish equipment-replacement schedule and potential funding sources for existing equipment. Goa/ 11: Provide continued and increased protection against re/eases of hazardous materials from the Clear Creek and Stillwater Wastewater Treatment Plants and the Foothill Water Treatment Plant. Objective 11.A: Maintain facilities with newer protective measures whenever feasible. 70 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 11.A.1: Wastewater Collection Division continues to maintain and replace as necessary, emergency generator at seven lift stations to prevent sanitary sewer overFlows. Three mobile emergency generators also are maintained for various incidents. Action 11.A.2: All electrical systems pertaining to safety at the Clear Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant influent pumping station will be upgraded and replaced, and replacing and upgrading one of the generators at the influent pumping station. Brush clearing between the Sacramento River and their wastewater overflow ponds will insure the integrity and minimize the potential for any breech of these pond walls. Objective 11.B: Continue staff preparedness for releases of hazardous chemicals. Action 11.B.1: Continue monthly training and annual recertification of the RMU Hazmat team, with ongoing emergency-response practice exercises and safety equipment upgrades as needed. Action 11.B.2: Wastewater Collection Division provide excavator training to City of Redding personnel, other government agencies, and members of the private sector. Also, staff training in confined space, excavation, and trench rescue protocol and technique. Action 11.B.3: Water Treatment personnel, along with Wastewater personnel, are continuing to train as HAZMAT Industry Technicians for emergency responses to hazardous chemical releases at the City's water and wastewater treatment plants. Action 11.B.4: Control visitor and contractor access to both treatment-plant facilities through such actions as gate-locking and sign-in procedures. 71 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.9 Chemical, Bio/ogical, Radio/ogical, Nuclear, Exp/osives (CBRNE) 7.9.1 Nature Unlike accidents or natural disasters, an act of terrorism is a manmade event designed to extort governments or communities for the purpose of bringing about political, social, and/or economic change. The damage and disruption that may occur from such an event could be immeasurable, crippling a city, region, state, or nation's economy with long-lasting effects. The psychological factor alone would affect the well-being and sense of security people have come to know and enjoy. The goals and objectives of a terrorist attack are to disrupt society and affect as many lives as possible. This can be accomplished by many means, including the deployment of weapons of mass destruction or by disrupting or damaging community and/or government infrastructure. It may also be accomplished through cyber-attacks on business and/or government computer systems. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) used by terrorists to accomplish their goals may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Chemical (i.e., nerve gas or blistering agent). • Biological (i.e., anthrax, botulism, or smallpox). • Radiological (i.e., "dirty bomb"). • Nuclear (i.e., thermonuclear). • Explosives. • Cyber-terrorism. Of all these weapons, the easiest to obtain and use has been the conventional or improvised explosive device. The catastrophic attacks on the World Trade Center buildings in New York City, the Pentagon, and the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building in Oklahoma City proved to the nation that there are no safe havens when considering acts of terrorism and Redding, California, is no exception. The freedom of movement and virtually unrestricted access to government officials, buildings, and critical infrastructure that are afforded to citizens and visitors presents terrorists the opportunity to deliver a devastating attack with only the crudest of devices or WMD. Chemical Chemical weapons have been used primarily to terrorize an unprotected civilian population and not as a weapon of war. This is because of fear of retaliation and the likelihood that the agent would contaminate the battlefield for a long period of time. Some analysts suggest that the possibility of a chemical attack would appear far more likely than either the use of nuclear or biological materials, largely due to the easy availability of many of the necessary substances needed to construct chemical weapons. Additionally, the rudimentary technical knowledge needed to build a working chemical 72 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan device is taught in every college-level chemistry course in the world. Some chemical agents are odoriess, tasteless, and are difficult to detect. They can have an immediate effect (a few seconds to a few minutes) or a delayed effect (several hours to several days). Biological Biological weapons are defined as any infectious agent, such as a bacteria or virus, used to produce illness or death in people, animals, or piants. This definition is often expanded to include biologically derived toxins and poisons. Biological agents can be dispersed as aerosols or airborne particles. Terrorists may use biological agents to contaminate food or water because the agents are extremely difficult to detect. Radiological A radioactive material is a material made up of unstable atoms which give off excess energy in the form of radiation through the process of radioactive decay. Radiation cannot be detected by human senses. Wherever radioactive materials are used, transported, or stored there is a potential for a radiological accident to occur. Some of their most common uses include use: • By doctors to detect and treat serious diseases. • By educational institutions and companies for research. • By the military to power large ships and submarines. • By companies in the manufacture of products. • As a critical base material to help produce the commercial electrical power that is generated by a nuclear power plant. • As one of the critical components in nuclear weapons which help deter the threat of war. Nuclear The possibility exists that a terrorist organization might acquire the capability of creating a small nuclear detonation. A single nuclear detonation in the United States would likely produce fallout affecting an area many times greater than that of the blast itself. There is also the possibility that a terrorist will construct a "dirty bomb" (a bomb that is used to distribute contaminated nuclear materials). It would have less of an effect than a "traditional" nuclear bomb, but the terror effect on the population would be great. Explosive The possibility exists that a terrorist may attack with conventional explosives, particularly in a public setting. Innumerable incidents have occurred around the world involving car bombs, truck bombs, and bombs attached directly to terrorist individuals. Cyber-terrorism Cyber-terrorism is the use of computer network tools to shut down critical government infrastructures such as energy, transportation, and government operations, or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian 73 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan population. The premise of cyber-terrorism is that as nations and critical infrastructure become more dependent on computer networks for their operation, new vulnerabilities are created. A hostile nation or group could exploit these vulnerabilities to penetrate a poorly secured computer network and disrupt or even shut down critical public or business operations. The goal of cyber-terrorism is believed to be aimed at hurting the economy of a region or country and to amplify the effects of a traditional physical terrorist attack by causing additional confusion and panic. 7.9.2 History Fortunately, the City of Redding has yet to experience significant incidents of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive terrorism. However, as with most midsize cities in California, Redding has its vulnerabilities. In consideration of its mild climate, special events, and attractiveness to tourists, Redding stands out for those who would commit such atrocities. Although no significant acts of terrorism have occurred in Redding, the area has experienced acts of terrorism on a much smaller scale. Such acts include: arson, bomb threats, and hostage incidents. Additionally, Redding has been impacted by recent computer viruses and worms. 7.9.3 Future Events Chemicat A terrorist would not have to build a complicated chemical release device. During favorable weather conditions, an already existing chemical plant could be sabotaged or bombed, releasing a toxic cloud to drift into a populated area. The result could be just as dangerous as having placed a smaller chemical device in a more confined space. This type of incident would cause the maximum amount of fear, trepidation, and potential panic among the civilian population, thus achieving a major terrorist objective. Biological The agents are cheap, easy to make, and simple to conceal. Even small amounts, if effectively deployed, could cause massive injuries and overwhelm emergency rooms. The production of biological weapons can be carried out virtually anywhere - in simple laboratories, on a farm, or even in a home. However, experts say it remains very difficult to transform a deadly virus or bacterium into a weapon that can be effectively dispersed. A bomb carrying a biological agent would likely destroy the germ as it explodes. Dispersing the agents with aerosols is challenging because biomaterials are often wet and can clog sprayers. Most agree that, while a biological attack could be devastating in theory, in reality the logistical challenges of developing effective agents and then dispersing them make it less likely a terrorist could carry out a successful widespread assault. Radiological/Nuclear Under extreme circumstances an accident or intentional explosion involving radiological materials can cause very serious problems. Consequences may include death, severe health risks to the public, damage to the environment, and extraordinary loss of, or damage to, property. 74 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Explosive While generally more limited in the extent of the damage inflicted, explosive terrorist attacks may have consequences, including death and damage to property. Cyber-terrorism Recent incidents illustrate the area's vulnerability to cyber-terrorism. Effects • On people and housing- Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating. • On commercial and industrial structures - Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating. • On infrastructure - Nuclear, radiological, and cyber-terrorism can have profound effects on infrastructure. • On agriculture - Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating. Without a history of significant acts of terrorism, or threats thereof, having taken place in the City of Redding, there is virtually no data available in which to predict a specific act that may occur. However, when considering the increase of terrorist attacks that have occurred worldwide and throughout the nation, it is only prudent to plan and prepare for when such an event occurs in Redding, and where the City's vulnerabilities lie. More than ever before, plans to mitigate possible terrorist attacks are taken into consideration during the planning phases of special events taking place throughout the city each year. By monitoring intelligence bulletins from agencies that include the FBI and Department of Homeland Security, as well as from local allied agencies, city officials are now in a position to greatly decrease the chances of a terrorist attack and/or mitigate the effects of an attack if one were to occur. Additional measures can be found under the section, Present and Future Mitigation Efforts. 7.9.4 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts Over the past few years, the Redding Police Department (RPD), in concert with other City departments and allied agencies, have taken steps in which to combat the threat of a terrorist attack. These steps include, but are not limited to, the following: • Redding Police Officers are equipped with .223 caliber rifles, ballistic helmets, ballistic plate carriers and gas masks. They also receive training in response tactics and identification of potential terrorist targets. • As a Regional asset, RPD maintains an armored Special Response Vehicle, which allows ballistic protection for officers during potential terrorist attacks, hostage situations and citizen or officer 75 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan rescues. Funding has also been secured for the purchase of a second, updated armored vehicle that is scheduled to arrive in December of 2020. • Patrol vehicles utilized by the Redding Police Department have Mobile Data Computers (MDCs) that contain software specific to our local schools to include site survey information. Training sessions have been conducted with school officials to coordinate emergency response to critical incidents at school facilities. • Over the last several years, the Redding Police Department has purchased dual-band portable radios for officers. These radios provide enhanced inter-operability in communications with allied agencies in our region. The ability to have direct communications with allied law enforcement and fire agencies drastically improves our efficiency in response and handling of critical incidents. • RPD keeps abreast of current terrorism activities through information bulletins provided by the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, and the California Anti-Terrorist Information Center (CATIC). All bulletins received are reviewed and disseminated accordingly. • RPD has multiple officers assigned as Terrorism Liaison Officers (TLOs). The TLOs document suspicious events and send the Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) to the Sacramento Regional Threat Assessment Center (SAC RTAC). This fusion center consists of multiple local, state and federal law enforcement agencies. • The Redding Police Department is very active in the Shasta County Bomb Team and contributes three officers and a program manager. Bomb technicians from the Shasta County Sheriff's Department and RPD train together monthly and handle all calls for service involving explosives and suspicious devices. Technicians are highly trained in all facets of explosives and post blast investigations. • RPD has worked in unison with the Shasta County Sheriff's Department on countywide disaster drills. Both agencies have identified potential terrorist targets in our region. • RPD representatives meet quarterly with state and local Office of Emergency Services (OES) representatives on the Mutual Aid Region Advisory Committee to discuss recent disasters and ways in which to mitigate future events. • Code Red Emergency Alerts - Shasta County residents can sign up for emergency alerts with Code Red, an emergency alert notification system administered by Shascom911. Once signed up, users will be notified in the event of emergency situations or critical community alerts. Examples include: evacuation notices, bio-terrorism alerts, boil water notices, missing child reports, and events like the Carr Fire. • RPD has a large Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Program. Multiple UAVs provide officers the ability to conduct surveillance day or night, conduct reconnaissance, and allows safe standoff distances with the ability to assess scenes and read HazMat placards from afar. 76 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan • RPD representatives meet occasionally with Shasta County Public Health Advisory Committee representatives to discuss natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and terrorist incidents affecting public health. • City officials and department heads meet semiannually to conduct Emergency Operations Center (EOC) drills and exercises. The drills simulate large-scale natural disasters and terrorism incidents in and around the City of Redding. All City departments practice their skills to manage critical incidents utilizing the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS). • Site surveys have been conducted of critical City infrastructure to include the Civic Center, water treatment facilities, power generation facilities, and airports. Police officers tour these facilities with management personnel to determine vulnerabilities in security and operational procedures. Recommendations are made for improvements. • A police department policy to address the Homeland Security Advisory System "threat conditions" is in effect. This policy addresses both national and regional threats. • Several City of Redding departments, in cooperation with the Shasta County Office of Emergency Services, have procured anti-terrorism and disaster management equipment through annual U.S. Department of Homeland Security funding. Some items include: armored vehicles, hazmat response equipment, and personal protective equipment. • The Shasta Cascade Hazardous Materials Response Team (SCHMRT) is a multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional emergency response team that serves six counties in Region III. The Shasta County Fire Department serves as the lead agency for SCHMRT. The SCHMRT is a Type 2 Hazardous Materials Team, as determined by California Office of Emergency Services, which is qualified to make entries into unknown chemical environments. SCHMRT is comprised of fifty(50) skilled hazardous materials technicians and specialists from various agencies and departments, including law enforcement, fire service, environmental and public health. • The Shasta County Public Health Department has access to the California Health Alert Network (CAHAN). This network is designed to alert local health departments throughout California in the event of a public health emergency (bioterrorism). CAHAN provides a central point of access to local health departments and their partners for sending and receiving alerts as well as locating, creating, and sharing critical information from a web-based interFace. • The Shasta County Public Health Department laboratory facility is equipped to process and test a variety of materials which may include suspected biological agents. The department has microbiologists on staff that have specialized training in select agent testing. 77 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.9.5 Mitigations� Goal 12: Reduce deaths, injuries, structurai damage and/osses from CBNRE. Objective 12.A: Provide training to personnel in the latest tactics and personal protection in the event of CBNRE. Action 12.A.1: Continue to provide training to all personnel to meet mandated requirements for the Hazardous Materials Operational Level. Action 12.A.2: Continue to provide training to a small group of personnel to the higher levels of Hazardous Materials Technician and Specialists. Action 12.A.3: Continue to apply for grants to assist with the expenses associated with ongoing training and updated equipment purchases. Objective 12.B: Enhance communication between agencies to mitigate deaths, injuries, structural damage and losses from CBNRE. Action 12.B.1: Continue to provide access to the California Health Alert Network (CAHAN). Goal 13: Reduce the potential of terrorist activity in the City of Redding. Objective 13.A: Increase the expertise and awareness of various City of Redding personnel regarding terrorism issues. Action 13.A.1: Selected police officers and fire fighters will attend training regarding weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Objective 13.8: Increase networking communication between City of Redding personnel and the community regarding terrorist-related activity. Action 13.B.1: Increase community awareness through Redding Police Department social media platforms. Action 13.B.2: Disseminate press releases and activate the Emergency Alert System (EAS) during times of severe terrorism-threat conditions. Objective 13.C: Augment City of Redding personnel with additional personal protective equipment(PPE). Action 13.C.1: Provide rifle rated ballistic plates for officers. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate stafFing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 78 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.10 Pandemic/Epidemic 7.10.1 Nature An epidemic is an outbreak of a contractible disease that spreads at a rapid rate through a human population. A pandemic is an epidemic whose spread is global. Pandemics are characterized by the emergence of a new infectious disease that causes serious illness and spreads easily among humans. Since pandemics/epidemic involves new diseases, there are often no vaccines and little natural immunity to thwart the spread of the epidemic. Pandemics spread quickly through communities, nationally, or even globally. Generally, the elderly, young children, and people with pre-existing illnesses are most vulnerable to a pandemic. However, some pandemics such as the H1 N1 influenza outbreak of 2009 and the influenza outbreak of 1918-1919 have defied this pattern by primarily affecting otherwise healthy individuals'. 7.10.2 Effects of Pandemic/Epidemic In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised its phase descriptions for its pandemic influenza preparedness and response alert system. The grouping and description of pandemic phases have been revised to make them easier to understand, more precise, and based upon observable phenomena. Phases 1-3 correlate with preparedness, including capacity development and response planning activities, while Phases 4-6 clearly signal the need for response and mitigation efforts. Furthermore, periods after the first pandemic wave are elaborated to facilitate post pandemic recovery activities. The phases are shown in the table below: World Health Or �nization Pandemi�Alert S stem Phase� Phase 1 No viruses circulatin amon animals have been reported to cause infections in humans. An animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have Phase 2 caused infection in humans, and is therefore considered a otential andemic threat. An animal or human-animal influenza virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of Phase 3 disease in people, but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level outbreaks. Limited human-to-human transmission may occur under some circumstances, for example, when there is close contact between an infected person and an unprotected caregiver. However, limited transmission under such restricted circumstances does not indicate that the virus has gained the level of transmissibility among humans necessary to cause a pandemic. Verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal influenza virus able to Phase 4 cause "community-level outbreaks." The ability to cause sustained disease outbreaks in a communit marks a si nificant upwards shift in the risk for a pandemic. Human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region. While most Phase 5 countries will not be affected at this stage, the declaration of Phase 5 is a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the organization, communication and implementation of the planned mitigation measures in short. ' Tara Smith, "Swine flu and deaths in healthy adults-cytokine storm?"Aetiology April 26, 2009, http://scienceglogs.com/aetiology/2009/04/swine_flu_and_deaths_in_health.php. 79 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Worid Health Or anizatian Pandernic Alert 5 stem Phases This pandemic phase is characterized by community level outbreaks in at least one other country Phase 6 in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5. Designation of this phase will indicate that a lobal pandemic is under wa . During this period, pandemic disease levels in most countries with adequate surveillance will have dropped below peak observed levels. The post-peak period signifies that pandemic activity Post-Peak appears to be decreasing; however, it is uncertain if additional waves will occur and countries will Period need to be prepared for a second wave. Previous pandemics have been characterized by waves of activity spread over months. Once the level of disease activity drops,a critical communications task wili be to balance this information with the possibility of another wave. Pandemic waves can be se arated b months and an immediate"at-ease" si nal ma be remature. Influenza disease activity will have returned to levels normally seen for seasonal influenza. It is expected that the pandemic virus will behave as a seasonal influenza A virus. At this stage, it is important to maintain surveillance and update pandemic preparedness and response plans accordin I . An intensive hase of recover and evaluation ma be re uired. 7.10.3 History Many types of diseases can result in a pandemic. There have been many epidemics throughout history, such as the Black Death which peaked in Europe between 1348 and 1350. In the last hundred years, significant pandemics include the Spanish flu in 1918, killing an estimated 50 million people worldwide and the 2002 to 2003 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) pandemic. Most recently in 2020, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has killed an estimated 1.3 million in 217 countries worldwide. Directives to practice social distancing and mandated facial coverings have slowed the spread. Development of an effective, safe vaccine is currently underway. 7.10.4 Future Events Pandemic The immediate future will revolve around COVID-19 and future strains. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. If COVID-19 is spreading in your community, stay safe by taking some simple precautions, such as physical distancing, wearing a mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning your hands, and coughing into a bent elbow or tissue. �The avian flu, first identified in Vietnam in 2004, is also specifically referred to as the H5N1 virus strain. Since late 2003, outbreaks from this pathogenic flu virus have occurred in East Asia. In addition, deaths from this virus have occurred Thailand, China, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The H1N1 influenza A Strain, also referred to as the swine flu, began spreading in Mexico in April 2009. Just a few months later in June of 2009, this type of flu was declared a pandemic by the WHO. As most 2 Jennifer Bell, "The History and Future of Pandemics" Health Training Guide February 21, 2012, http://www.healthtrainingguide.com/the-history-and-future-of-pandemics/ 80 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan of the deaths and illness occurred primarily in young people, this virus does not follow the pattern seen in most other flu viruses. Pregnant women, young children, and people with chronic lung or other health issues are most likely to suffer complications. Epidemic The most likely epidemic to occur in the City of Redding is the West Nile virus (WNV). The WNV is a mosquito-borne disease that was originally found in Africa. In 1999, it was detected in the eastern United States; since then, the virus has spread throughout the United States and is well-established in most states, including California. According to the Center of Disease Control, more than 30,000 people in the United States have been reported as getting sick with WNV since 1999. Infected mosquitoes spread WNV that can cause serious, life-altering disease. Most often, WNV is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes are WNV carriers ("vectors") that become infected when they feed on infected birds. Infected mosquitoes can then spread WNV to humans and other animals when they bite. According to the California Department of Public Health, 34 counties have been affected by the WNV as of August 31, 2012. The 3,142 reported cases include animal, mosquito samples, and human cases. Of these reported cases, approximately 2 percent (69) are human cases; 3 of which were fatalities. 7.10.5 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) is the lead pandemic/epidemic planning agency in California. It coordinates the public health response to a pandemic/epidemic with local health departments, the healthcare community, the federal government, and other key partners. In a pandemic/epidemic incident, the CDPH Pandemic Preparedness Plan will be implemented in collaboration with the Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA), California Health and Human Services Agency, Cal EMA, local health departments, and tribal entities. While primarily a preparedness and response plan, the plan also identifies potential mitigation actions that can be taken to reduce the impacts of the pandemic/epidemic, including: • Ensure rapid and early detection of a novel virus. • Confirm identity or type of a novel virus by laboratory identification. • Identify the exposure source of the outbreak and the population at risk. • Control and contain the spread of influenza through pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical community containment strategies, including isolation, quarantine, infection control, antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, and, if available, vaccination. • Manage and disseminate accurate information for scientific, resource, and policy decisions in public health and healthcare delivery settings. 7.10.6 Vulnerability The City of Redding faces a low probability of impact from a pandemic/epidemic incident. 81 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.10.7 Mitigation� Goa/ 14: Reduce deaths and injuries from pandemic%pidemic incidents. Objective 14.A: Maintain best possible coordination of information and emergency response with State and local health departments. Action 14.A.1: Continue communication and coordination with Shasta County Department of Public Health. Action 14.A.2: Continue to provide information to the public regarding WNV. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 82 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.11 Aviation Disaster 7.11.1 Nature Redding Municipal Airport experiences thousands of landings and takeoffs each year. Various user groups utilize the public airport, such as private, commercial, and governmental agencies, including U. S. Forest Service and California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire). During the summer months, the use of the airport becomes somewhat busier due to the fire-suppression flights offered to the northwest region by the U. S. Forest Service and Cal Fire. 7.11.2 History The airport has very few crashes and maintains airport approaches in accordance with FAA Regulations. 7.11.3 Mitigation Efforts and Vulnerability The airport's most probable scenario for an incident would likely occur during the hot summer months, during a significant wildfire with strong gusty winds. Using this scenario, we created the most likely incident: a Lockheed P2V or P-3 Orion loaded with fire retardant and fuel crashes soon after departure at either end of Runway 16-34 or near Airport Road. In this impact area, there are one residential and two commercial occupancies. The values of the properties total approximately $620,000, and life loss would be estimated at three persons on the ground and unknown number of persons on board the aircraft. The Airport Emergency Plan - 2014 (revised 12/1/2017) has been created and maintained by the Airport Managers to mitigate and respond to any disaster. 7.11.4 Mitigations� Goal 15: Reduce deaths, injuries, structural damages, and losses from aviation disasters. Objective 15.A: Implement the adopted Airport Emergency Plan which is utilized to mitigate and respond to an aviation disaster. Action 15.A.1: Continue to update the Airport Emergency Plan. Action 15.A.2: Ensure that the Airport Emergency Plan complies with FAA regulations. Action 15.A.3: Conduct a full-scale triennial aviation disaster drill and a tabletop aviation disaster drill on the non-triennial years. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 83 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.12 Dam Overfiow or Failure 7.12.1 Nature Shasta Dam, on the Sacramento River just above Redding, serves to control fioodwaters and store winter runoff for irrigation in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, maintain navigable flows, provide flows for the conservation fisheries in the Sacramento River and its downstream tributaries, provide water for municipal and water district use, protect the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta from saltwater intrusion, and generate hydroelectric power. In addition, Shasta Lake (behind Shasta Dam) provides boating and recreation opportunities that bring millions of dollars to the Redding area annually. Measured in mass, Shasta Dam is the second largest dam in the United States (behind Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River in Washington State). The dam is 602 feet high, with a crest length of 3,460 feet. It is 883 feet thick at the bottom and 30 feet thick at the top. Shasta Dam is a curved concrete gravity- type dam with 6.5 million cubic yards of concrete weighing 15 million tons. Construction of the dam started in 1938 and was completed in 1945. The spillway is 487 feet long, creating the largest man-made waterfall in the world. The spillway is 375 feet wide with three drum-gates. Each drum-gate is 110 feet wide, 28 feet tall, and weighs 500 tons. There are 18 outlets on the face of the dam, each 8.5 feet in diameter, with a maximum overall capacity of 186,000 cubic feet per second. Prior to the construction of Shasta Dam, floods frequently ravaged the Sacramento Valley, including the State Capital. It is estimated that Shasta Dam has prevented over 5 billion dollars in flood damages. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation uses flood control procedures and regulations prescribed by the Corps of Engineers for operations per agreements between the two entities. The City of Redding is the first incorporated city downstream of Shasta Dam through which the Sacramento River flows. As such, the City would be directly affected by a dam overflow or failure. Although these are two different types of events, the results are the same - uncontrolled releases from Shasta Dam. Dam Overflow Although it is highly unlikely, a dam overflow is more likely than a dam failure. A dam overflow would be characterized by an "overtopping" of the dam. The design of the structure includes three large spillway gates to minimize the possibility of a true overtopping of the dam. During an intense and prolonged storm period that might bring water levels near the top of the dam,these spillway gates would be lowered allowing water to be discharged down the spillway. Controlling, or funneling, the discharge down the spillway prevents structural erosion along the base and sides of the dam, protects the turbine power generation plant at the base of the dam, and allows control of the release in cubic feet per second. Dam Failure A dam failure is less likely than a dam overflow. A dam failure would be characterized by a structural breach of the dam. Flooding and overtopping, earthquakes, release blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance, improper operation, poor construction, vandalism, or terrorism typify dam failures. California has had about 45 failures of nonfederal dams. These failures occurred for a variety of reasons, the most common being overtopping of earthen dams. Some of the other reasons include specific shortcomings in 84 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan the dams themselves or inadequate assessment of the surrounding geomorphologic characteristics. Shasta Dam is a federal dam, one of the largest concrete dams in the world, and secured firmly on bedrock. 7.12.2 Effects of Dam Overflow or Failure Uncontrolled releases from the dam, although very uniikely, would devastate the entire northern Central Valley. The Sacramento River and its tributaries would overtop banks and levees. Massive flooding in the lowlands along the river would occur and Interstate 5, the main west coast transportation artery, would be affected by closure and possible structural damage. Other effects of large-scale flooding downstream include: loss of life, limited potable water supplies, potential for spread of disease from the release of untreated sewage, structural damage to buildings, probable loss of electricity and landline communications, crop damage and loss of agricultural lands, loss of livestock, emergency response efforts hampered by flooded transportation corridors, and the inevitable clean-up of silt, mudflows, erosion, and debris. In the event of a dam failure, large-scale flooding could occur repeatedly until the replacement of the dam is complete. As stated before, prior to the completion of Shasta Dam, devastating floods were a regular occurrence in the Sacramento River valley. 7.12.3 History Dam Overflow Shasta Dam has never overflowed in its 76-year history. In 1977, and again in 1998, prolonged warm spring rainfalls in the watershed above Shasta Dam raised the lake levels as much as 10 feet per day for more than one week. This early snowmelt was followed by intense storms that dropped record precipitation, bringing lake levels to within 10 feet of the top. In 1998, the flows were increased to 80,000 cfs out of the dam, but inflow to the lake was steady at more than 225,000 cfs. The storms subsided as the lake neared 4 feet from the top of the dam and the Bureau of Reclamation assured everyone that the dam was never in danger of overtopping. The next day officials at the dam announced that for only the second time in the dam's history, the massive drum-gates would all be lowered and water would come over the entire spillway in an effort to draw the lake back down to comfortable levels. The spillway gates remained open for several days, as shown in the picture below, releasing 78,000 cfs. In February of 2017, the Shasta Dam drum gates were opened for a third time. After an exceptionally wet winter, the 3 gates were opened one at a time as a test in order to ensure they were working properly. Dam Failure Although there is a history of 45 dam failures within the State of California, most of the failures were earthen dams. Of the concrete dams that failed, all were of the "thin-arch" design. Shasta Dam is a federally controlled and inspected dam and is considered a "thick arch." Seismic activity is monitored, and tunnels throughout the dam itself allow inspectors to monitor for cracks and seepage. The dam is built on bedrock and is geomorphologically sound. The probability of a dam failure is extremely low. 85 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.12.4 Future Events There is an extremely low likelihood of a dam overflow or a dam failure. Record rainfall events drew lake levels near the top thrice in the last two decades, but both events were sidestepped using modern weather forecasting and safe release levels from the dam. Following the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, Shasta Dam was closed to traffic across the dam for security reasons, thus minimizing a terrorist threat. The dam has since re-opened to through traffic by permit but maintains a policy of"no parking or stopping" on the dam. ?.12.5 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts �� °�� ;� � � The City of Redding has developed Inundation �� ,� � �a �� .�� Maps showing the flood-prone areas should a catastrophic failure or a dam overFlow occur. This map shows projected floodplain for flows of 100,000 cfs and 310,000 cfs, as delineated from � � , �� water surFace profiles generated by the Army � � �` �" < Corps of Engineers, 1942, An EOC drill � 4'� simulated uncontrolled releases of 100,000 cfs as part of an exercise. A map of the 100-year � ti�� ,. � floodplain for the Sacramento River showing � these inundation areas is included as Figure 7, $`� �`��'�� ' `' � �� ,�, ,� ,. �,�.. ; ,,��,� ,, ..,,.,,. , ��,.� , �.�,.... .� ,�,.�, 7.12.6 Vulnerability Shasta Dam releasing'78,000 cfs Although it is highly unlikely, the most probable scenario would be a dam overflow, not a dam failure. In the event that prolonged periods of high-intensity rain, typically in mid to late spring, in the watersheds above Shasta Dam, the inflows to the lake could exceed 225,000 cfs for extended periods of time. If the lake levels were near capacity and discharges from the dam at 80,000 cfs were unable to draw the lake down enough to prevent an overtopping, the Bureau of Reclamation would likely be forced to open the spillway gates and allow higher flows. There is no precedence for this, but it is likely that the Bureau would give at least 12-hours' notice of the impending rise in river flows. The City of Redding has run an EOC drill simulating an uncontrolled release at 100,000 cfs with 12-hours' notice for evacuation of people and livestock from the inundation area. The affected area covers 3,000 acres and would displace some 1,987 people. Damages estimates are $131.2 million. See Figure 8 for 100-year-flood scenario. 7.12.7 Mitigations� Goa/ 16: Reduce the possibility of property damage and /oss of life due to flooding from a dam overflow or failure. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 86 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Objective 16.A: Maintain best possible coordination of information and emergency response. Action 16.A.1: Continue communication and coordination with the Bureau of Reclamation and maintain up-to-date Inundation maps. Action 16.A.2: Maintain Emergency Operations Center (EOC) for coordination of information and emergency response, with annual exercises simulating disaster response. Funding is available. 87 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.13 Volcanic 7.13.1 Nature Volcano activity in this region is a rare occurrence; however, the City of Redding is flanked on two sides by large mountains that are considered volcanic in nature. The two mountains, Mount Shasta, located approximately 56 miles to the north, and Lassen Peak, located approximately 46 miles to the east of Redding, are considered tvvo of the potentially active volcanoes '�� ,_� '�t � �� in the Cascade Range. The Cascade Range, a chain ° �z �� Q��, � �l � �3i'��k of volcanic cones, extends through Washington and �`�'t . �`� Oregon into California. The Cascade Range is �� '�� ` � transected by deep canyons of the Pit River. The river flows through the range between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak, after winding across interior Modoc Plateau on its way to the Sacramento River. .w...ee M�nr Vr�lc��af�r� - , �� The largest and Mt.Lassen �'� � z� � ,� highest volcano in �� '� '� `s ��'�� the southern Cascades, Mount Shasta, is a compound stratovolcano =,t� ` '� '��'� � ��`�� i � composed of overlapping cones centered around at least four main 5 ��i� � vents. -- Miller, 1980; 1989 '�� `� � �h�a��t�� '� ' �� „� � Lassen Peak marks the southern end of the Cascade Range and is the ` y,` {t � ��__ most recently active volcano in northern California. Lassen Peak is a �� { _ �--�''�� dacite plug which , , �tr ��rt�� °��°� r formed about 11,000 <`v,�s ; ��,�� years ago after the � � '�� r��,�� collapse of nearby ��,�� Brokeoff Mountain, �;, ,:�� t�� once a volcano the t�, size of Mount Shasta _, �� m�� about 450,000 years �� i' c� �_� ,—-� �� ago. -- Kilbourne and '' �� ; ' � i� � � � ��°�°�� Anderson, 1981 � � �� r�a�r��.�6��t� � ,. � ,°"� t.s; ��.��F�� yy ��;..,;�` 10�r�il�� .,,..> „,��#� ��n�7v�t��t�r��. a'��N�la��:[�?.,, �� .�.. Mt.Shasta 88 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.13.2 Effects of Volcano Activity Mount Shasta is within Siskiyou County and poses the greatest volcanic risk to our neighbors within Shasta County; however, Mt. Shasta Volcanic activity would only impact some residents or properties within the northern portions of the City of Redding with moderate ash-fall. The extent of impacts from volcanic activity has been discussed in the Shasta County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. More specifically, the County's plan has divided the areas subject to risk from future eruptions of Mount Shasta into zones that delineate the estimated degree of risk from each type of eruptive phenomenon. 7.13.3 History Shastina, west of the cluster of other central vents, was formed mainly between 9,700 and 9,400 years; the Hotlum cone, which forms the summit and the north and northwest slopes of Mount Shasta, may overlap Shastina in age, but most of the Hotlum cone is probably younger. Mount Shasta has continued to erupt at least once every 600-800 years for the past 10,000 years. Its most recent eruption probably was in 1786. Evidence for this eruption, recorded from sea by the explorer La Perouse, is somewhat ambiguous, but his description could only have referred to Mount Shasta (this description has been the subject of debate). A small craterlike depression in the summit dome, containing several small groups of fumaroles and an acidic hot spring, might have formed during that eruption; lithic ash preserved on the slopes of the volcano and widely to the east yields charcoal dates of about 200 years. -- Christiansen, 1990, fN: Wood and Kienle Three episodes of volcanism have occurred at the Lassen volcanic center in the past 1,100 years. These are the complex eruption at Chaos Crags, the eruptions at Cinder Cone, and the summit eruptions of Lassen Peak in 1914-1917. -- Clynne, 1990, lN: Wood -� — — ---� - and Kienle ��1�1� �r��rti�r�� f L��r� �� ,� The most recent eruptive activity occurred at Lassen °� �k Peak in 1914-1917 A.D. This eru tive e isode be an �,�.� ��'�� ,,, P p J � � � �� on May 30, 1914, when a small phreatic eruption �`'fl �:,.��° � �`�° occurred at a new vent near the summit of the peak. �=��`�=�� ""`��$��p�� More than 150 explosions of various sizes occurred �'�� ' r�t; : �,4 � during the following year. By mid-May 1915, the ��.�� '�t� '�°' ��-- � -� , i��E� t �� `„_,�i.,�,� eruption changed in character; lava appeared in the �� &� � �x°�� summit crater and subsequently flowed about 100 ��`�� "��`�`�''�" �� ° �� h meters over the west and probably over the east crater ��t � ��'�� '�, � � �* , walls. Disruption of the sticky lava on the upper east i�y Y'�� } ' � � �„ Poyv� side of Lassen Peak on May 19 resulted in an � '� `�'�� r�,,�, � � � avalanche of hot rock onto a snowfield. A lahar was �, -�� ,m;a� generated that reached more than 18 kilometers down �� t�°�� ` � � ��" v�s I i 1 .i�v � �t �� p 1kdl�m�twr Lost Creek. On May 22, an explosive eruption ��-"��°� �� "�� elec4 Fe��ur�:s roduced a roclastic flow that devastated an area as �°'"� � � � p PY ��«�� far as 6 kilometers northeast of the summit. The � ��°`'��°�'� n��y�� eruption also generated lahars that traveled more than ��t�� an�r�Bated la§�ar 20 kilometers down Lost Creek and floods that went , n��p,�,� � ��.��u�; ,�a��,��: .� t��-a��t�� down Hat Creek. A vertical eruption column resulting �,�,�,�� ,��,��,,�,��,;�� o�� 89 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan from the pyroclastic eruption rose to an altitude of more than 9 kilometers above the vent and deposited a lobe of pumiceous tephra that can be traced as far as 30 kilometers to the east-northeast. The fall of fine ash was reported as far away as Elko Nevada, more than 500 kilometers east of Lassen Peak. Intermittent eruptions of variable intensity continued until about the middle of 1917. -- Hoblitt, et.al., 1987 7.13.4 Future Events According to the 1995 Woodward-Clyde study commissioned by the City of Redding, the potential for impact from either Mount Shasta or Lassen Peak eruptions are minimal. Due to the upper wind currents and geographical locations, ash from either of these two mountains will not likely impact Redding. It is noted in this study that debris flows from a Mount Shasta eruption would follow river valleys such as those occupied by the Sacramento River, Squaw Valley River, and the McCloud River to the south and the Shasta River to the north. This debris flow hazard zone terminates where the tributaries enter Lake Shasta and would be unlikely to overflow Shasta Dam. Redding lies outside the flowage hazard zones associated with Mount Shasta, and the City is not likely to be threatened by future eruptions, according to the 1995 study. 7.13.5 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts Due to the low probability of a catastrophic eruption from either of these two mountains impacting the City of Redding, it is our recommendation to monitor the situations and develop a plan when and if such events would occur. 7.13.6 Vulnerability Populations living near volcanoes are most vulnerable to volcanic eruptions and lava flows, although volcanic ash can travel and affect populations many miles away. Residents near volcanoes should learn about the community warning systems and emergency plans; be prepared for the hazards that can accompany volcanoes, which includes mudflows and flash floods, landslides and rockfall, earthquakes, as fall and acid rain. Residents should make evacuation plans and if living in a known volcanic hazard area, plan a route out and have a backup route in mind. Residents should develop an emergency communication plan. In case family members are separated from one another during a volcanic eruption (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), have a plan for getting back together. Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the "family contact," because after a disaster, it's often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone knows the name, address, and phone number of the contact person. The City of Redding faces a low probability of impact from eruptions occurring at either Mount Shasta or Lassen Peak. 90 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.13.7 Mitigation� Goal 97: Reduce deaths, injuries, structural damage and losses from volcanic activity. Objective 17.A: Minimize future deaths, injuries, structural damage and losses due to volcanic activity. Action 17.A.1: Monitor the situations and develop a plan when and if the probability of volcanic activity increases to a level of significance. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 91 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.14 Mass Casualty 7.14.1 Nature Many of the hazards in this City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan have the potential to produce mass casualties. Each hazard is unique in how mass casualties may occur and are addressed. In most disasters, deaths and injuries are just one of the effects of the hazard, while in a mass casualty accident deaths and injuries are the hazard. In a tornado or flood, for example, besides dealing with deaths and injuries, one has the larger task of dealing with replacing or repairing what was damaged; feeding, clothing, and sheltering disaster victims; cleaning up the debris, etc. Mass casualty accidents are just the opposite. The main emphasis has to be response to the large numbers of deaths and injuries. Secondary emphasis will be on the other problems and needs. Mass casualty accidents are a very special variety of hazard. Unfortunately, mass casualty incidents are increasing in frequency throughout the United States. The most common types of MCIs are generally caused by terrorism, mass-transportation accidents, fires or natural disasters. For planning purposes, we will define mass casualty accidents as: "An active shooter incident." 7.14.2 History The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) defines an active shooter as one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area. The FBI statistics for 2019 indicate the following: • 28 incidents in 16 states, 5 in California • 247 casualties (excluding the shooters) 97 killed 150 wounded • 2 Law Enforcement Officers were killed and 15 were wounded • Law Enforcement engaged the shooters in 11 incidents • 30 shooters—29 males and 1 female • 4 shooters wore body armor • 5 shooters committed suicide • shooters were killed by police • 1 shooter was killed by a citizen • 15 shooters were apprehended by Law Enforcement The active shooter incidents in 2019 were broken down numerically into the following locations: • Commerce 12 • Education 3 • Government 4 • Open Space 5 • House of Worship 2 • Health Care 2 92 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.14.3 Future Events The City of Redding has been fortunate to avoid an active shooter event; however, there have been several active shooter incidents throughout Northern California in the last several years. In light of the FBI statistics, it's clear that Redding is at the same risk of having an active shooter event as any other similar sized city in the nation. 7.14.4 Present and Future Mitigation Efforts The City's Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) addresses the City's field planned response to mass casualty incidents. The EOP is designed to be consistent with the California-mandated Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)and federal plan requirements.Within the EOP is an Emergency Operations Center(EOC)Guidebook which includes a checklist for mass casualty incidents. Additionally, the Sierra Sacramento Valley Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Agency's Multiple Patient/Casualty Incidents Plan, updated September 2017, describe the procedures necessary to ensure an effective and coordinated response to an incident involving mass casualties in the Redding City area. This plan should be implemented whenever a mass casualty incident develops which requires resources beyond the normal day-to-day operations, mutual aid or which may overwhelm an individual department, service, hospital or community. This plan has been endorsed by the ten counties the S-SV serves (Placer,Yuba, Yolo, Nevada, Sutter, Butte,Colusa,Shasta,Tehama, and Siskiyou). The Redding Police Department has multiple officers trained as instructors in active shooter response tactics. The instructors provide regular training to all Redding Police Officers in the use of these tactics. Officers carry specialized equipment on a daily basis to deal with any such incident. A regional armored rescue vehicle is also maintained by the Redding Police Department and is available at all times. A second armored vehicle is in the process of being purchased. Shasta County allied law enforcement agencies along with Fire and Medical personnel are also in the planning stages of a large countywide active shooter drill. Inter-agency training and communication is vital to increase efficiency in managing an active shooter event. Redding Police Officers are also trained in basic first-aid and receive additional training in the use of tourniquets and gunshot wound trauma care. Tourniquets and additional first-aid equipment are carried by all officers on patrol. The Redding Police Department also has four full-time School Resource Officers (SROs), who provide police services and security for numerous elementary schools, middle schools, high schools and Shasta College. Having police officers on-site, networking with school administrators, teachers and students, helps to mitigate risks and prevent incidents before they occur. The relationships developed by SROs are invaluable when it comes to intelligence gathering regarding potential threats. Research indicates many active shooters make verbal threats in person and/or on social media sites prior to carrying out their violent plans. SROs are oftentimes made aware of these types of threats long before any violent acts occur; this intelligence allows SROs to be proactive and intervene. Officers from the Redding Police Department have provided training to local government entities, schools, businesses and places of worship to increase awareness and attempt to prevent violent acts through knowledge. 93 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.14.5 Vulnerability Mass casualty accidents occur with little or no warning. They involve a large number of people and require special types of equipment and emergency medical personnel. Unlike traditional hazard assessment, an active shooter vulnerability assessment looks at a multiple of angles, resources, systems, coordination and mitigation through a structured matrix platform specific to an active shooter incident. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI's)2018 Active Shooter Incidents in the U.S. Report, the FBI designated 27 shootings as active shooter incidents, 4 of which occurred in California. The FBI defines an active shooter as one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area.The FBI expands this definition to include more than one individual in an incident and omits the word confined as the term excludes incidents that occurred outside buildings. Implicit in this definition is the shooter's use of one or more firearms. The active aspect of the definition inherently implies that both law enforcement personnel and citizens have the potential to affect the outcome of the event based upon their responses to the situation. The 27 incidents resulted in 213 casualties (85 people killed and 128 people wounded, excluding the shooters). The highest number of casualties (17 killed and 17 wounded) occurred at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. The second highest number of casualties (12 killed and 16 wounded) occurred at the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, California. Law enforcement suffered casualties in five of the nine incidents where they engaged the shooter to end the threat. In five incidents, citizens confronted the shooter. In three incidents, unarmed citizens confronted the shooter, thereby ending the shooting. In two incidents, armed citizens possessing valid firearms permits exchange gunfire with the shooter. The shooter were predominately males; 23 shooters were male; 3 shooters were female and the gender of one shooter is unknown. Of these 27 incidents, 26 shooters acted alone and one shooter may have acted alone. The ages of the shooters ranged in age from 13 years to 64 years. Law enforcement was able to apprehend 11 shooters; 6 of which were at the scene and 5 at another location. Two of the 11 shooters initially fled the scene after being confronted by citizens and one was restrained by a citizen. Law enforcement killed 5 shooters and 1 shooter was killed by citizens possessing valid firearms permits at the scene. Of the 27 shooters, 10 shooters committed suicide; four at the scene before law enforcement arrived, three at the scene after law enforcement arrived, and three at another location. After being confronted by citizens, one shooter committed suicide. One shooter is at large. The location of where these 27 incidents occurred varies from education environments, business environments, open space locations, health care facilities, government property to a house of worship. In these incidents, as in the past years, citizens and law enforcement were faced with split-second life-and- death decision. 94 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 7.14.6 Mitigation� Goal 18 Reduce deaths, injuries, structural damage and/osses from mass casualty incidents. Objective 18.A: Maintain best possible coordination of information and emergency response. Action 18.A.1: Maintain Emergency Operations Center (EOC) for coordination of information and emergency response, with annual exercises simulating disaster response. Funding is available. Action 18.A.2: Continue communication and coordination with the Sierra Sacramento Valley Emergency Medical Services(EMS). 7.15 inventory Assets An inventory of assets is a step in the risk assessment process. This is the identification of assets that may be affected by hazard events. The inventory of assets is divided into population, buildings, and critical facilities and infrastructure. The detailed information on these identified assets has been provided in Section 6, Community Description. The information was from various sources, including the US Census Bureau and the Red Cross. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate stafFing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. 95 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 8.0 MITIGATION STRATEGY This section describes the City's strategy to utilize our resources to achieve our goals of reducing losses from future hazard events. This strategy identifies who is responsible for which actions, what funding mechanisms (e.g., grant funds, capital budget, or in-kind donations) and resources are available or will be pursued, and when the actions are to be completed. 8.1 DMA 2000 Requirements The DMA 2000 requirement for planning a hazard mitigation strategy is shown in Table 8-1. TAB�E 8-1 DMA 2000 Re uirements — Miti ation Strate The plan shall include a mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction's blueprint for reducing REQUIREMENT the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, 201.6 c 3 pro rams and resources, and its abilit to ex and on and improve these existin tools. The community's hazard reduction goals, as reflected in the plan, along with their corresponding objectives, guide the development and implementation of mitigation measures. This section should describe what these goals are and how they were developed. The goals could be developed early in the planning process and refined based on the risk assessment findings, or developed entirely after the risk assessment is completed. They should also be compatible with the goals of the community as expressed in other community plan documents (such as the General Plan). EXPLANATION Although the Interim Federal Regulations language does not require a description of objectives, communities are highly encouraged to include a description of the objectives developed to achieve the goals so that reviewers understand the connection between goals, objectives, and activities. The goals and objectives should: Be based on the findings of the local and State risk assessments; and Represent a long-term vision for hazard reduction or enhancement of mitigation ca abilities. 8.1.1 Development Mitigation Goa/s and Objectives Based on the identified hazards that might affect the city of Redding, the goals and objectives have been updated accordingly to include information on the hazards added to this 2014 Plan update: CBRNE, Mass Casualty, and PandemicJEpidemic. There has not been any development since the plan was previously adopted that impacts the City's overall vulnerability, therefore the City validates the previously adopted goals and objectives. Section 7 of the plan profile of the major hazards, assess the risk of such hazards, describe the City's vulnerability, and estimate potential losses from the hazards. Based on the risk assessment, the HMPT developed mitigation goals and objections. The goals and objectives represent our City's efforts to reduce the potential losses identified in Section 7. The mitigation goals are long-term policy statements and global visions that support the mitigation strategy.These goals have been developed to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazard. The mitigation objectives define measurable steps to achieve the goals. The goals and objectives are consistent or are complementary to our existing policies, programs, and resources. 96 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 8.1.2 Mitigation Actions and Priorities Mitigation actions are intended to eliminate or lessen the impact of a hazard. Actions are a means of carrying out the objectives. The city must also have the legal, administrative, fiscal and technical capacities to perform each action. The process of analyzing the capacity of a jurisdiction is cailed the capabilities assessment which has been prepared and provided in Section 8.2. In this 2014 update, the Capability Assessment remains unchanged. Based on the Capability Assessment, the project team reviewed the mitigation actions and added realistic actions where applicable. Actions/projects from the 2005 Plan that have been completed are listed in Table 8-9. Additionally, new actions were developed for the new goals and objectives that were added to the Plan. The mitigation actions were then identified and prioritized with the highest to lowest priorities. Table 8-8 summarizes the implementation of the identified mitigation actions and projects that are ongoing and new which are being considered by elected officials, staff, and the community, as resources permit, to reduce the effects of each hazard. The table lists each action and indicates a responsible agency or department shows a priority rating, establishes a time line for completion, shows potential funding sources and other necessary resources. The priorities were based on a review by the HMP Team, according to their greatest cost benefit ratio, their expected present value, and their internal rate of return. The priority of the ongoing/existing mitigation actions did not change. 8.2 Capability Assessment Although not required by DMA 2000, a highly recommended component of the Mitigation Strategy is a local capability assessment. A capability assessment has two components: an inventory of an agency's mission, programs, and policies; and an analysis of its capacity to carry them out. The capability assessment is a review of the City's resources in order to identify, review, and analyze what the City is currently doing to reduce losses and identify the framework that is in place or should be in place for the implementation of new mitigation actions. The assessment involves four parts: (1) A review of the City's legal and regulatory capability, including ordinances, codes, and plans to address hazard mitigation activities; (2) A review of the administrative and technical ability of Redding's staff and personnel resources; (3) A review of the fiscal capability of Redding to provide the financial resources to implement the mitigation strategy; and (4)A summary review of the activities of each administrative division within the City that supports hazard mitigation activities and details any previous mitigation activities undertaken by these entities. The legal and regulatory hazard mitigation capability of the City of Redding is shown in Table 8-2. The table includes a review of existing ordinances, codes and plans that affect the built environment in Redding. 97 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan TAB�E 8-2 Le al and Re ulato Ca abilit Regulatory Tools ` Local Does St�te Higher Le�el '; '(crrdinances, codes, plans) Authority Prohibit? Jurisdiction Comments Y/N Y/N Authorit Y/N Building code Y N N Fire code Y N N Zoning ordinance Y N N Subdivision ordinance Y N N Floodplain regulations (Zoning Code Section Special purpose ordinances 18.51); Open space district (floodplain management, regulations (Zoning Code stormwater management, Section 18.35); Airport hillside or steep slope Y N Y environs overlay district ordinances, wildland fire (Zoning Code Section ordinances, hazard setback 18.50);Wildland Fire requirements) Regulations (Municipal Code Sections 9.20.160 throu h 180 . Growth management N N N ordinances Site plan review Y N N requirements General Plan Y N N Capital improvement plan Y N N Economic development plan Y N N General Plan: Economic Develo ment Element. Emergency response plan Y N N Post-disaster recovery plan Y N N Real Estate disclosure On case by case basis, the requirements Y N N City requires notices to be recorded on tentative maps. 98 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan TAB�E 8-3 Administrative and Technical Ca acit Staff/Personnel Resources Y/N �epartrnenttAgency and Position Planner(s)or engineer(s)with knowledge of Planners: Development Services Department: Director, land development and land management Y Planning Manager, Senior Planners; Engineers: Development practices Services Department: Cit En ineer, Assistant Cit En ineer. Engineers: Development Services Department: Engineer(s)or professional(s)trained in -guilding Division: Building Official, plan check engineers, construction practices related to buildings Y 2 p�an checkers, and 2 building inspectors. and/or infrastructure -Engineering Division: City Engineer, Land Development Manager, Associate Civil Engineers, and 4 Public Works Ins ectors Planners or Engineer(s)with an (See responses above) understanding of natural and/or human- Y caused hazards Floodplain managers Y Development Services Department: 2 Planners Surveyors Y Engineering Division: City Surveyor Staff with education or expertise to assess Police Chief, Fire Chief, and Emergency Services the communit 's vulnerabilit to hazards Y Coordinator. Personnel skilled in GIS and/or HAZUS Y Support Services Department: GIS Division Scientists familiar with the hazards of the N/A community N Emergency Manager Y City Manager, Fire Department, and Department Heads Housing Division: Housing Program Supervisor; Grant writers Y City Manager's Office: Staff Develo ment Services: Staff TAB�E 8-4 Fiscal Ca abilit Financial Resources ��ible or Eligible'to Uses Yes/No1Don't Know General Fund Yes Enterprise Fund Yes Development Fees Yes Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Yes Capital improvements project funding Yes Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fees for Water, Sewer, Gas, or Electric Service Yes-Water, Sewer, & Electric Impact Fees for Homebuyers or Developers for New Developments/Homes Yes HOME Grant Fund Yes Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Yes 99 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 8.3 Goa/s, Objectives, and Actions The goals, objectives, and actions were developed from the information in the hazard vulnerability analysis and loss estimation sections. The goals, objectives, and actions were developed to represent a vision of long-term hazard reduction or enhancement of existing capabilities. In developing the action plan, an agency lead has been determined for ongoing and new mitigation actions. A large majority of the actions are integrated into existing mechanisms. Each lead agency will make a determination as to how to integrate any new mitigation action into existing mechanisms when appropriate. The tables provided in this section are as follows: Table 8-5: Provides this section's organization strategy, which has been broken down into three conceptual levels. Table 8-6: Lists the City's Hazard Mitigation Goals. Table 8-7: Lists the City's full list of Goals, Objectives, and Actions. Table 8-8: Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions Table 8-9: Completed Mitigation Actions. Table 8-5 Miti ation Strate Or anization� HAZAl217 TYPE �trat�gy Level E�escr�i�tic�n Goals Represent the policy level priorities that the community seeks to achieve to reduce its vulnerabilit to disasters. Ob�ectives Su ort oals and re resent the various strate ies to be used to accom lish the oals. Actions Support objectives and are the various direct actions that elected officials, staff and the communit seek to undertake, as resources ermit, to accom lish ob'ectives. Table 8-6 Cit of Reddin Hazard Miti ation Goals� Goal 1 Promote disaster resistance for existin and future develo ment. Goal 2 Promote ublic understandin , su ort and demand for hazard miti ation. Goal 3 Protect the Cit of Reddin from the devastation of small- and lar e-scale disasters Goal 4 Enhance the Cit 's abilit to ra idl and effectivel res ond to disasters. Goal 5 Reduce the possibilit of propert dama e and life losses due to wildland fires. Goal 6 Reduce deaths, in'uries, structural dama e and losses from floods. Goal 7 Reduce deaths, in'uries, structural dama e, and losses from severe weather. Goal 8 Prevent deaths, injuries, structural damage, environmental damage, and losses from extreme heat and utilit disruptions. Goal 9 Reduce deaths, injuries, structural damage, and losses from earthquakes. Goal 10 Reduce deaths, in'uries, structural dama e, and losses from hazardous material releases. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding,adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council 100 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Goal 11 Provide continued and increased protection against releases of hazardous materials from the Clear Creek and Stillwater Wastewater Treatment Plants and the Foothill Water Treatment Plant. Goal 12 Reduce deaths, in�uries, structural dama e and losses from CBNRE. Goal 13 Reduce the otential of terrorist activit in the Cit of Reddin . Goal 14 Reduce deaths and injuries from pandemic/epidemic incidents. Goal 15 Reduce deaths, in'uries, structural dama es, and losses from aviation disasters. Goal 16 Reduce the possibility of property damage and loss of life due to flooding from a dam overflow or failure. Goal 17 Reduce deaths, in'uries, structural dama e and losses from volcanic activit . Redding's full list of goals, objectives, and actions is shown in Table 8-7. TABLE 8-7 Mitigation Strategy� MUL.TIPLE HAZAf2C?� Ca�t�: Prc�mote tlisaster resi,stance for existing and future tleueloprnerrt. I'C►bjecti�e 1.A: Encourage and facilitate the deveiopmen#af updating General Plans and Zoning Codes to Gmit development ' in hazard areas. Action 1.A.1: Modify the City's General Plan as required by law to address improvements to the Safety Element. Action 1.A.2: Modify the City's Zoning Ordinance as required by law to address development in hazard areas and reflect changes in the General Plan. Objecti�e 1.B: Encourage and facilitate the adaption of building and fire codes that protect renovated existing assets and new developmen#in hazard'areas. Action 1.8.1: Modify local Building and Fire Codes as required by law to address development issues in hazard areas. Action 1.8.2: Actively participate in the state and nationwide Building Code development groups to ensure the development issues in hazard areas are properly addressed. Action 1.B.3: Require site-specific studies to evaluate specific hazards in hazard prone areas and identify alternative site design criteria to mitigate hazards to the maximum extent possible. 'Objecti�e 1.Cs Encourage consistency between General Plan,Zoning Codes and Building and Fire Codes. Action 1.C.1: Review General Plan, Zoning Codes, Fire Codes, Subdivision Ordinance and Building Codes for consistency. Action 1.C.2: Establish hazard mitigation training for development staff on development procedures in zoning and Building Code interpretation. Objective 1.D: Address identified data limita#ions regarding the lack of inforrna#ion about new development and build-up potential in hazard areas. ' Action 1.D.1: Update data base/Geographic Information System (GIS), with particular attention to maintaining hazard overlay layers. Objective 1.Es Actively pursue grant funding for City-wide hazard mi#igation. Action 1.E.1: A I for hazard miti ation rant fundin as it becomes available. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding,adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council 101 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �oa12. Prcrmc�f�p�►blic underst�r�tlinc�,�upport a�d tlemand fc�r h�zartl mitigafic�n. (��Ubjective 2.A: Educate the�public fo increase awaPeness of ail hazards and opportuni#ies for mitigatian actions. �� Action 2.A.1: Assist local mobile home parks with their community preparedness plans. Action 2.A.2: Develop and conduct a variety of community workshops to educate about earthquake preparedness and the benefits of retrofitting buildings for improved seismic performance. Action 2.A.3: Increase awareness among at-risk populations of emerging earthquake damage mitigation techniques. Action 2.A.4: Develop a program that identifies the needs of senior citizens and assists them to meet those needs. Action 2.A.5: Utilize the `Redding Record SearchlighY'to provide disaster preparedness and mitigation information. 'Objectiue 2.B: Promote partnerships arnong federal, sfate, county and locai governments fo identify, prioritize and ' implemen#rnitiga#ion actit�ns. Action 2.B.1: Maintain communications with FEMA, Cal EMA, County emergency management agencies and other Northern California cities to address hazard mitigation issues. Objective 2.C: Promote hazard rni#igation in the business communi#y. Action 2.C.1: Explore potential hazard mitigation programs with the Chamber of Commerce, e.g., Street Fair,workshops, website information, etc. Action 2.C.2: Utilize the Fire DepartmenYs fire prevention inspection program to educate business owners and managers regarding hazard mitigation. 'Ob'ective 2.D> Discoura e ac#ivi#ies tha#exacerba#e hazardous canditions. Action 2.D.1: Explore ways to develop programs and public service announcements on local government cable channel that demonstrate and encourage hazard correction and disaster preparedness. Objecti�e 2.E: Increase awareness hazard mitigation principles among lacal officials. Action 2.E.1: When appropriate, issue hazard-related news releases. Action 2.E.2: When appropriate, conduct meetings with various City Departments to share information and innovations in hazard mitigation. Action 2.E.3: Coordinate hazard mitigation activities with local utilities,water suppliers and critical facilities within the City. Action 2.E.4: Utilize on-going drilis at the Emergency Operations Center to increase awareness of hazards and their mitigation measures. All members are SEMS trained and updated. Objective 2.F. Assure adequate infrastructure is in-place for emergencies'. Action 2.F.1: Promote the establishment and maintenance of:safe and effective evacuation routes;ample peak-load water supply; adequate road widths;and safe clearances around buildings. Action 2.F.2: Explore non-traditional public and private mutual aid resources. Gcral 3� Pr�crtec�the Cit a�f R�tltlin trorn the tlew�stafrc�n of smal!�rrtl!ar �scale tli�as#ers �;Objective 3.Ai Con#inue to enhan�e emergency preparedness�nd pursue the iden#ified mitigation efforts. I Action 3.A.1: Explore the possibility of creating a position to coordinate and manage emergency preparedness and implement mitigation efforts on a full-time basis. Objective 3B: Create a cost-efficient interoperable communications system for the City of Redding. Action 3.B.1: Designate committee members made up of representatives for all City agencies to give oversight for creating an interoperable communications system and fund the system through various grants and City funds. Objective 3.C: Continue#a review and update the Lacal Flazard Mitigation Plan. Action 3.C.1: Brin the Hazard Miti ation Pro'ect Team to ether annuall to meet, review, and u date the lan. 102 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �oa14: Enhar�ce the Cit 's abilit tc�ra idl antl effect��e/ res r�ntl ta d�sasters. �;Objective 4.A: Develop a comprehensive approach to enhance the City's ability to respond to disasters. I Action 4.A.1: Encourage liaison agencies to develop emergency response plans and participate in emergency exercises. Action 4.A.2: Keep the City's Emergency Operation Plan updated. The plan is currently being updated. Action 4.A.3: As funding permits, enhance the use of GIS and Information Technology in the Emergency Operations Center. Action 4.A.4: Review all non-profiled hazards(train accidents,aircraft crashes, drought,extreme heat,terrorism, extreme pollution, power failure)regularly and update or develop procedures to effectively respond to them. � Objective 4,B; Develop a program to enhance the��disaster response skidis of Gity�employ�es. Action 4.8.1: As resources permit,continue to develop the disaster response orientation for City employees. Action 4.8.2: Continue to update information for employees that describe their responsibilities following a disaster. Action 4.B.3: Continue Emergency Operations Center drills to prepare for city wide emergencies and disasters. Action 4.8.4: The City participates in the Cal EMA Safety Assessment Program including assisting in the training of SAP evaluators and SAP coordinators. Currently there are 68 registered SAP evaluators residing within the Shasta County. The City employs approximately 8. Objective 4.C: Rrevent, monitar, and respond to local 'emergencies by maintaining an up-to-date City Geagraphic Inforrnation Sys#em,(GIS). Action 4.C.1: Make GIS available to emergency response personnel during an emergency. Action 4.C.2: Ensure GIS resources are adequate to maintain critical data base. Objecti�e 4.D: Enhance#he Palice�nd Fire DepartmenYs abili#y to effectiyely function in disasters. Action 4.D.1: Seek grants to conduct a variety of training programs,classroom and field drilis for Police and Fire personnel, including terrorism response, the Incident Command System, NIMS and other appropriate topics. Action 4.D.2: Seek Department of Homeland Security Grants to equip field personnel for terrorism incidents. Action 4.D.3: Conduct Annual County-Wide Disaster Drills. Action 4.D.4: Attend Mutual Aid Region Advisory Committee Action 4.D.5: Train personnel in basic ICS/SEM concepts for the purpose of managing large-scale natural and/or manmade disasters. Action 4.D.6: Maintain a mobile communication center for special events,emergency responses, drills, or trainings. Action 4.D.7: Conduct monthl trainin for the Reddin Police De artmenYs SWAT Team. Objecti�e 4.E: Continue ta;implement all current hazard mitigation programs and projects. Action 4.E.1: Review all current hazard mitigation activities and seek to continue their implementation. Action 4.E.2: Review all current hazard mitigation activities,as necessary,to develop better ways to implement them. '1�VILDLANC? �IRE �c�a15: Rec�uc+�tleafh�,ir�"uries, .�tructuraf dama e anc�/osses from wiltlfireslstructure f�re�. I'C►bjecti�e 5.A: Enfarce �ire and Building Godes and the General Plan for the City of Redding which will minimize damage ' to homes and s#ructures from wildland fires. Action 5.A.1: Ensure new subdivisions have adequate fire protection measures such as multi-access for fire apparatus, noncombustible building construction, residential sprinkler systems, appropriate defensible space, street widths and grade to accommodate emergency vehicles and evacuees simultaneously. Action 5.A.2: Ensure defensible space is being provided for all new and existing homes; ensure roofing material is noncombustible on new homes and wood shake roofs on existing homes, when replaced, meet code requirements for non-combustibility; and installation of a spark arresting system on chimneys of homes with wood burning appliances Action 5.A.3: Continue the development of landscape maintenance districts for new developments to fund ongoing fuel reduction and maintenance of defensible space. 103 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Objective 5.6: Educate the public about wildland fire dangers and the steps that can be taken to';preven#or minimize their effects. Action 5.8.1: Ensure the City provides sufficient resources for public education,wildland fire mitigation and guidance,and emergency planning for the public, as funding becomes available. Action 5.B.2: Distribute wildland fire mitigation information to persons applying for building permits in the City of Redding in the very high fire hazard severity zone. Action 5.B.3: Continue to participate with Shasta County Fire Agencies and California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection in fire prevention education fair at various locations. Action 5.B.4: Continue to participate in annual school fire prevention visits to provide fire prevention education. Ob'ective 5.C; Reduce the robabilit of fire i nitions, Action 5.C.1: Focus on human causes of ignition and address the problem through education and enforcement actions,to include vigorous investigation and prosecution of arson. Action 5.C.2: Continue the Redding Police DepartmenYs Community Cleanup Program that utilizes persons assigned to a work release program to clean up areas of blight throughout the City. This includes week trimming and brush removal in green belt areas which eliminates or mitigates the probability of fire ignitions. �bjective 5.D: Maintain �mergency Operations Center for caardination of informatian and resources. Action 5.D.1: Ensure annual emergency Operations Center exercise is performed. Objectiue 5.Et Retluce the;potential for destructive actions of the fire once ignition occurs, utilizing fire pre-plans; �nsuring '; a praperly trained, staffed, and equipped emergency response capability, and tirnely response #o prevent the spread of the fire, minimizing risks to humans and praperty. Action 5.E.1: Ensure adequate resources are available to pre-plan for incidents that may occur in the very high fire hazard severity zones within the City of Redding. Action 5.E.2: Ensure continued training of personnel responsible for responses to wildland fires with the most current strategies,tactics, and safety actions. Action 5.E.3: Ensure equipment is purchased and maintained to address the wildland fire risk with in the community. Action 5.E.4: Increase staffing of current two-person companies to three-person companies to improve capabilities and initial actions at fire incidents within the community, as additional funding becomes available. Action 5.E.5: Continue to maintain training and response actions with cooperating fire agencies. Action 5.E.6: Continue to replace aging water lines which provide adequate fire flows. (Status: Replaced 26,275 feet of aging waterlines throughout the City) Action 5.E.7: Continue to install new waterlines which provide necessary fire flows. (Status: Installed 29,600 feet of new water lines) �L�UC?ING Go�/S� /2er�uce tleath�, in,juries, structur,�l alamage and Jt�sses frorn F/t�cttl�s. Objective 6.A: Enfarce #he Building Codes, the General Plan and Zoning Ordinances of the City of Redding, which will prevent or minimize damage to residential and commercial structures from floading. Action 6.A.1: Ensure that new development does not encroach on the designated floodplain. Action 6.A.2: Ensure that new development does not contribute to downstream flow increases through the use of detentionlretention measures,and continue to review plans and hydraulic calculations for new development to limit net flow increases. Action 6.A.3: Continue to participate in the NFIP to ensure the availability of federally sponsored floodplain insurance for City residents. Action 6.A.4: Continue to participate in the CRS. This program involves accruing points based on the City's engagement in FEMA-defined activities. Action 6.A.5: Review and consider additional CRS activities particularly relating to public information and emergency services to apply for credit to increase the City's points. Action 6.A.6: Seek available grant funding and apply for grant funding as it becomes available to assist with mitigating flood hazards onto repetitive loss areas. 104 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Objecfive 6.B: Retluce the;possibility of localized flaoding; Action 6.B.1: Routinely inspect storm water channels for vegetation build-up or encroachment, trash and debris, silt and gravel build-up, and erosion or bank failure; and routinely maintain said channels where permitted by California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Action 6.B.2: Routinely inspect and maintain storm water inlets and outfalls for debris and obstructions, sand and gravel build-up,and structural damage or vandalism. Oksjective 6.C: Alleviate pre-existing floading conditions #hat are a resul# of past practices and regulations, or lack af regulation. Action 6.C.1: Update Storm Drain Master Plan; identify key projects needed to minimize flooding and their costs; identify regional detention policies and locations to minimize the impact of future development; and develop costs and possible funding strategies for the identified capital projects. 'Objecti�e 6.D: Seek FEMA accreditation of the local levees; C71ney Creek and Clear Creek Levees. Action 6.D.1: Continue to seek and apply for grant funding as it becomes available for design and construction of Olney Creek Levee. Action 6.D.2: Continue the provisionally accredited levee process to certify the Clear Creek Levee. SEUERE'WEATHER Gaa/�: Re+duc�death�,inj�rrics,.�tructur�l alamage and los�es frr�m s��ere weather. IObjective 7.A: Ensure City preparedness for emergency response actions tlue to'severe weather. Action 7.A.1: Continue active participation and training of City personnel in the Cal EMA Safety Assessment Program (SAP). Action 7.A.2: Provide yearly review of the procedures of safety assessment inspections including proper use of the City's official placards (unsafe, restricted use & inspected) and how to complete the rapid and detailed safety assessment evaluation forms. Action 7.A.3: Conduct annual emergency operation's center drilis to ensure efficiency of City staff and coordination of resources and information. Cc�al 8: Pr-event death�,'injuries, stru�tural darr�ac�e, er�uirc�nm�nta! a►amage, anaf Ic�sses t`rc�m extreme hea#�ratl utility disruptions. Objective�.A: Manage the Pawer Systern to ensure'safe and reliable operation af the City's'electric systern through 24'-hour dispatching of the distribution system�nd real-time rnonitoring af REU resources. 105 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 8.A.1: Provide safe, reliable switching control and coordination of field crews throughout the year. Action 8.A.2: Real-time System Operators continue to constantly monitor the power grid and dispatch resources to mitigate power supply curtailments. Action 8.A.3: Annual training of System Operators to respond to power system emergencies. Action 8.A.4: Annual review and update of emergency plans. Joined North West Power Pool to obtain additional energy emergency resources. Ongoing meetings with local power agencies to coordinate response to energy emergencies. Action 8.A.5: Participate in state wide power grid emergency operation training (CETAC). Annual training on black start procedures, system restoration procedures, and emergency communications. Ongoing coordination of emergency plans with Western Area Power Administration and Sacramento Municipal Utility District. Action 8.A.6: Annual review and update of Sabotage procedures. Registered power plant site and equipment with the California Emergency Management Agency. Action 8.A.7: Develop and implement an internal NERC Standards compliance program. Assigned committees to audit and ensure compliance with national and regional reliability standards. Action 8.A.8: Develop and implement a natural gas pipeline emergency response plan per PHSMA regulations. Conduct joint emergency response training with local emergency response agencies. Action 8.A.9: Develop and maintain an emergency Real-time Scheduling and Trading office(to be located at Redding City Hall)for periods of time in which the current scheduling and trading facility (located at Redding Power) is unavailable, unreachable, or compromised. Objecti��e 8.B; Ensure the Redding Power'Plant is available#o meet the Gity's needs whenever required: Action 8.B.1: Continue maintenance of the Redding Power Plant facilities to assure availability to respond to power grid emergencies. Action 8.B.2: Work to provide redundant water supply during emergencies for sustained cooling tower operation. EAF2THQUAKES Gaa!9: Retluce tleafhs, ir��uries, �truc�ura!d�mage�ntl l��se�frc�m earfhqu�kes. ' ' Objective 9.A: Ensure that struc#ures in the Ci#y are adequately earthquake resistant. Action 9.A.1: Continue to enforce the seismic provisions of the latest edition of the California Building Code for new construction, alterations and additions. Action 9.A.2: Continue to require a seismic analysis of existing structures(built under earlier building codes)that undergo a chan e in use or occu anc that results in a hi her hazard occu anc rou . abjecti�e 9.B: Ensure Ci#y preparedness for emergency response actions due to earthquakes. Action 9.B.1: Continue active participation and training of City personnel in the Cal EMA Safety Assessment Program (SAP). Action 9.B.2: Provide yearly review of the procedures of safety assessment inspections including proper use of the City's official placards (unsafe, restricted use & inspected) and how to complete the rapid and detailed safety assessment evaluation forms. Action 9.B.3: Conduct annual emergency operation's center drills to ensure efficiency of City staff and coordination of resources and information. 'H}�ZARC)�US MATERI�L �c�a1�U: J2ec�uc� death.�,! injuries, struct�ral tlarnage anal /crs�es frvm Nazardous Materials ' l2�feas�s. Objective 10.A: �evelop a comprehensive �pproach ta enhance the Ci#y's ability to respond' to Hazardc�us Mat�rials Releases. ' 106 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 10.A.1: Encourage the County, State and Federal hazardous materials regulators to continue updating and consistent enforcing of hazardous materials regulations. Action 10.A.2: Conduct hazardous materials incident emergency exercises. Action 10.A.3: Introduce hazardous materials plume modeling software into the Emergency Operations Center. Action 10.A.4: Reinforce our partnership with Shasta County Environmental Health to provide additional information on all businesses regarding their use, handling, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials and their generation and disposal of hazardous wastes. Action 10.A.5: Make sure that hazardous processes are not allowed to be adjacent to or co-mingle with residential or high life hazard occupancies. Action 10.A.6: Provide, along with other stakeholders, educational materials to our businesses who work with hazardous materials that clearly identify the risks, the safe practices for use and the requirements for storage of hazardous materials. Financial im act:$50,000. Objective 10.B: 7rain personnel to the technician and specialist le�el ta be an integral;part of the Regional Fiazardous ` Materials Response'Team. Action 10.B.1: Provide continued funding for training to enhance and promote safe hazardous materials responses by City personnel. Action 10.8.2: Invite rail freight companies to conduct freight train accident response training with City Field responders. abjecti�e 10.G: �ecure funding through Homeland Security Grants and other sources#o maintain and enhance equipment utili�ed and needed ta ensure continued respanse and mi#igation capabili#ies. Action 7.C.1: Identify if additional equipment is needed to ensure protection of community from identified risks. Action 7.C.2: Establish equipment replacement schedule and potential funding sources for existing equipment. Cc�a/�1: Frc�vit�e ccrntinuec�and ir�creased protectior��gainst relea�es r�f haz�rdcrus'rr�aterial�frc�rrr ' tfre' C�ty'� wastewater system inclur�ingr fhe Clear� Creek and �fi/lw�ter Wastewater Trea#merrt Pl�nfs. Objecti�e'11.A: Maintain facilities with newer pra#ectiue measures whenever feasible. Action 11.A.1: Wastewater Collection Division continues to maintain and replace as necessary, emergency generator at seven lift stations to prevent sanitary sewer overFlows. Three mobile emergency generators also are maintained for various incidents. Action 11.A.2: All electrical systems pertaining to safety at the Clear Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant influent pumping station will be upgraded and replaced, and replacing and upgrading one of the generators at the influent pumping station. Brush clearing between the Sacramento River and their wastewater overflow ponds will insure the integrity and minimize the potential for any breech of these pond walls. Objective 71.B: Gon#inue staff preparedness for releases of hazardous chemicals. Lr��lYl�ir��,p ��i.��L7N��LY ��#��t7��r�� Lr��Ri.�.�.,��{�� V�� '��. Goal�f3: Re�uc+�aleattrs, injurfes,structural darna,ge antl losses frcrrn CBNRE. i Objective �13.A: Provide training to personnei in the latest tactics and personal protection in the event of GBNRE. II Action 13.A.1: Continue to provide training to all personnel to meet mandated requirements for the Hazardous Materials Operational Level. Action 13.A.2: Continue to provide training to a small group of personnel to the higher levels of Hazardous Materials Technician and Specialists. Action 13.A.3: Continue to apply for grants to assist with the expenses associated with ongoing training and updated e ui ment urchases. Objective 13.B: Enhance communication between agencies to mitigate deaths, injurie$, structural'damage and losses frorn CBNRE. Action 13.B.1: Continue to provide access to the California Health Alert Network(CAHAN). 107 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Gcra/�4: Red�ce the pvtenf�a!c�f terrc�r�st actr�ity in tlte City c�f Redtling. Objective 14.A: Increase the expertise and awareness of variaus Gity of Ftedding personnel regarding#errorism issues. ' Action 14.A.1: Selected police officers and fire fighters will attend training regarding weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Objective 14.B: Increase networking comrnunication between City of Redding personnel and the community;regarding j terrorist related activity. Action 14.B.1: Increase community awareness through Redding Police Department social media platforms. Action 14.B.2: Disseminate press releases and activate the Emergency Alert System(EAS)during times of severe terrorism threat conditions. 'Objective 14.G: Augment City of Redding personnel wi#h additional;personal protective equiprnen#;(PPE). Action 14.C.1: Provide rifle rated ballistic plates for officers. PAN�EMIC / EPIDEMIC Gr�a/�8. i�etluce tle�th.�and inirries frt�m ant�emic% idemic in��den#s. I'Clbjecti�e 1$.A: Maintain best possible coordination of inforrnatian and emergency response with State and local health ' departments. IAction 18.A.1: Continue communication and coordination with Shasta County Department of Public Health. Action 18.A.2: Continue to provide information to the public regarding WNV. Objective 11.D; Contir�ue to mitigate poten#ial hazards of overhead power lines. Action 11.D.1: Continue the program that ensures trimming of trees on a three-year or less trim cycle that meets new California State Public Utility Commission (CPUC)tree-trimming dearance standards that were established in January of 1997 and revised in 2017 with increased clearances. Action 11.D.2: Continue annual equipment inspection and pole replacement pro rams to assure reliabilit and public safet . (7bjective 11.E: Manage the water and wastewater systems to ensure safe and reliable operations during potentiai utility tlisruptians,caused';by s�vere storm events. I Action 11.E.1: Provide safe and reliable collection system, pump station, and treatment plant controls and operations. PerForm preventative maintenance with coordination of field crews throughout the year. A1/�ATIt"�N DIS�4�TER Goat�2: Retluce d�aths, in�t�ries, stre�ctur�!atam�ges and losses from aviati�n tl�sasters. +Objective 12.A: Implemen# the adapted Airport Emergency Plan which is utilized to mi#igate and respond to an aviation disaster. Action 12.A.1: Continue to update the Airport Emergency Plan. Action 12.A.2: Ensure the Airport Emergency Plan complies with FAA regulations. Action 12.A.3: Conduct a full-scale triennial aviation disaster drill and a tabletop aviation disaster drill on the non-triennial ears. � DAM OVER�LUW Ol'� F.AILUR� Gc�al?�. �,etluce the possibili�y �f pra�erty cfatnagr+e antl Ic�ss c�f tife ciue tcr ffootlingr frcrrn a d�m ' auerflow c�r f�ilure, C7bjective 15.A: Main#ain best possible coordination af information and emergency;response. 108 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Action 15.A.1: Continue communication and coordination with the Bureau of Reclamation and maintain up-to-date Inundation maps. Action 15.A.2: Maintain Emergency Operations Center (EOC) for coordination of information and emergency response, with annual exercises simulatin disaster res onse. Fundin is available. 1/CtLC1�kN�C Gc�al�S. Re�'uce deaths, injuri�s, str�ctur�t damage and"l�sses from �r�/carri�activrty. ( Objecti�e 16.A: Minimize fu#ure deaths, injuries,structural damage and losses tlue ta�oicanic activity. I Action 16.A.1: Monitor the situations and develop a plan when and if the probability of volcanic activity increases to a level of significance. � nn.�ss c�a�u��-r� J �r�a!�17: Reduce ai�aths, injt�ries, �fructur�f alam�ge�nd l�ss�s frc�m mass�asua/t`y incidents, Objecti�e 17.A: Maintain best passible caordinatian of information and emergency;response. Action 17.A.1: Maintain Emergency Operations Center (EOC) for coordination of information and emergency response, with annual exercises simulating disaster response. Funding is available. Action 17.A.2: Continue communication and coordination with the Sierra Sacramento Valley Emergency Medical Services EMS . 109 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 8.3.1 Mitigation Action Items� Table 8-8 Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions (3ngoing/New "Action Actiion Lead Time Fund Gost ' Priority Item# A enc Line Source Ratin ,� Ongoing 1.A.1 Modify the City's General Plan as required by law to address improvements to the Safety DS 2 LEAP/REAP EC 1 Element. Ongoing 1.A.2 Modify the City's Zoning Ordinance as required by law to address development in hazard DS 1 -5 GF EC 2 areas and reflect chan es in the General Plan. Ongoing 1.B.1 Modify local Building and Fire Codes as required by law to address development issues DSlFD 1 -5 GF EC 1 in hazard areas. Ongoing 1.B.2 Actively participate in the state and nationwide Code development groups to ensure DS/FD 1 -5 GF EC 3 develo ment issues in hazard areas are ro erl addressed. Ongoing 1.B.3 Require site-specific studies to evaluate specific hazards in hazard-prone areas and DSlFD 1 -5 GF EC 1 identify alternative site design criteria to mitigate hazards to the maximum extent ossible. Ongoing 1.C.1 Review General Plan, Zoning Codes, Fire Codes, Subdivision Ordinance and Building DS/FD 2-4 GF EC 2 Codes for consistency. �All mitigations are aspirational in nature and their accomplishment is subject to the availability of funding, adequate staffing with persons having the necessary skill and expertise to accomplish all such mitigations and the prioritization of community goals and objectives by the City Council. ��The priority ratings set forth herein are aspirational in nature and are not intended to create a legal duty or establish a standard of care nor are they intended to establish a mandatory duty within the meaning of Government Code section 815.6. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 110 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 1.C.2 Establish hazard mitigation training for development staff on development procedures DSlFD 2-4 GF EC 3 and Zoning and Building Code interpretation. Ongoing 1.D.1 Update data base/Geographic Information System (GIS) with particular attention to DS 2-4 GF EC 1 maintaining hazard overlay layers. Ongoing 1.E.1 Apply for hazard mitigation grant funding as it becomes available. All 1 -5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 2.A.1 Assist local mobile home parks with their community preparedness plans FD 2-4 GF EC 2 Ongoing 2.A.2 Develop and conduct a variety of community workshops to educate about earthquake DS/FD 2-4 GF EC 2 preparedness and the benefits of retrofitting buildings for improved seismic erformance. Ongoing 2.A.3 Increase awareness among at-risk populations of emerging earthquake damage DS 1 -5 GF EC 2 miti ation techni ues. Ongoing 2.A.4 Develop a program that identifies the needs of senior citizens and assists them to meet FD 1 -5 GF EC 2 those needs. Ongoing 2.A.5 Utilize the "Redding Record SearchlighY' to provide disaster preparedness and FD 2-4 GF EC 1 miti ation information. Ongoing 2.B.1 Maintain communications with FEMA, Cal EMA, County emergency management All 1 -5 GF EC 1 a encies and other Northern California cities to address hazard miti ation issues. Ongoing 2.C.1 Explore potential hazard mitigation programs with the Chamber of Commerce, e.g., All 1 -5 GF EC 2 Street Fair,workshops,website information, etc. Ongoing 2.C.2 Utilize the Fire DepartmenYs fire prevention inspection program to educate business FD 2-4 GF EC 1 owners and mana ers re ardin hazard miti ation. Ongoing 2.D.1 Explore ways to develop programs and public service announcements on local DS/FD 1 -5 GF EC 2 government cable channel that demonstrate and encourage hazard correction and disaster re aredness. Ongoing 2.E.1 When appropriate, issue hazard-related news releases. FD 2-4 GF EC 1 LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 111 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 2.E.2 When appropriate,conduct meetings with various City Departments to share information DS 2-4 GF EC 2 and innovations in hazard miti ation. Ongoing 2.E.3 Coordinate hazard mitigation activities with local utilities, water suppliers and critical All 2-4 GF EC 1 facilities within the Cit . Ongoing 2.E.4 Utilize on-going drills at the Emergency Operations Center to increase awareness of FD 1 -5 GF EC 1 hazards and their miti ation measures. All members are SEMS trained and u dated. Ongoing 2.F.1 Promote the establishment and maintenance of: safe and effective evacuation routes; All 1 -5 GF EC 1 ample peak-load water supply; adequate road widths; and safe clearances around buildin s. Ongoing 2.F.2 Explore non-traditional public and private mutual aid resources. All 1 -5 GF EC 2 Ongoing 3.A.1 Explore the possibility of creating a position to coordinate and manage emergency FD 2-4 GF EC 2 re aredness and im lement miti ation efforts on a full-time basis. Ongoing 3.B.1 Designate committee members made up of representatives for all City agencies to give All 2-4 GF EC 1 oversight for creating an interoperable communications system and fund the system throu h various rants and Cit funds. Ongoing 3.C.1 Bring the Hazard Mitigation Project Team together annually to meet,review,and update All 1 -5 GF EC 1 the lan. Ongoing 4.A.1 Encourage liaison agencies to develop emergency response plans and participate in FDlPD 1 -5 GF EC 3 emer enc exercises. Ongoing 4.A.2 Keep the City's Emergency Operation Plan updated. The plan is currently being FD 1 -5 GF EC 1 updated. Ongoing 4.A.3 As funding permits, enhance the use of GIS and Information Technology in the FDlSS 1 -5 GF/DNS EC 1 Emer enc O erations Center. Ongoing 4.A.4 Review all non-profiled hazards(train accidents,aircraft crashes,drought,extreme heat, All 1 -5 GF EC 3 terrorism, extreme pollution, power failure)regularly and update or develop procedures Dept.'s to effectively respond to them. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 112 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 4.B.1 As resources permit, continue to develop the disaster response orientation for City FD 1 -5 GF EC 2 em lo ees. Ongoing 4.B.2 Continue to update information for employees that describe their responsibilities FD 1 -5 GF EC 2 followin a disaster. Ongoing 4.B.3 Continue Emergency Operations Center drills to prepare for city wide FD 1-5 GF EC 1 emer encies and disasters. Ongoing 4.B.4 The City participates in the Cal EMA Safety Assessment Program including DS 1-5 GF EC 1 assisting in the training of SAP evaluators and SAP coordinators. Currently there are 68 registered SAP evaluators residing within the Shasta County. The Cit em lo s a roximatel 8 re istered SAP evaluators. Ongoing 4.C.1 Make GIS available to emergency response personnel during an emergency. DS 1 GF/DHS EC 2 Ongoing 4.C.2 Ensure GIS resources are adequate to maintain critical data base. DS 2-4 GF+ EC 2 TB D Ongoing 4.D.1 Seek grants to conduct a variety of training programs, classroom and field drills for DSlFD 1 -5 DHS EC 1 Police and Fire personnel,including terrorism response,the Incident Command System, NIMS and other a ro riate to ics. Ongoing 4.D.2 Seek Department of Homeland Security Grants to equip field personnel for terrorism SS 1 -5 DHS TBD 1 incidents. Ongoing 4.D.3 Conduct Annual County-Wide Disaster Drills. PD 1-5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 4.D.4 Attend Mutual Aid Region Advisory Committee. PD 1-5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 4.D.5 Train personnel in basic ICS/SEM concepts for the purpose of managing large-scale PD 1-5 GF EC 1 natural and/or manmade disasters. Ongoing 4.D.6 Maintain a mobile communication center for special events, emergency responses, PD 1-5 GF EC 1 drilis, or trainin s. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 113 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 4.D.7 Conduct monthly training for the Redding Police DepartmenYs SWAT Team. PD 1-5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 4.E.1 Review all current hazard mitigation activities and seek to continue their implementation. FD/PD 1 DHS EC 1 Ongoing 4.E.2 Review all current hazard mitigation activities, as necessary; develop better ways to All 1 -5 GF EC 1 im lement them. A encies Ongoing 5.A.1 Ensure new subdivisions have adequate fire protection measures such as multi-access All 1 GF EC 1 for fire apparatus, noncombustible building construction, residential sprinkler systems, Agencies appropriate defensible space, street widths and grade to accommodate emergency vehicles and evacuees simultaneousl . Ongoing 5.A.2 Ensure defensible space is being provided for all new and existing homes; ensure FD 1 GF EC 1 roofing material is noncombustible on new homes and wood shake roofs on existing homes,when replaced, meet code requirements for non-combustibility; and installation of a s ark arrestin s stem on chimne s of homes with wood burnin a liances. Ongoing 5.A.3 Continue the development of landscape maintenance districts for new developments to FD 1 —5 GF EC 1 fund on oin fuel reduction and maintenance of defensible s ace. Ongoing 5.B.1 Ensure the City provides sufficient education and guidance on wildland fire mitigation FD 1 GF EC 1 and emer enc lannin for the ublic as fundin becomes available. Ongoing 5.B.2 Distribute wildland fire mitigation information to persons applying for building permits in DSlFD 1 -5 GF EC 1 the Cit of Reddin in the ve hi h fire hazard severit zone. Ongoing 5.B.3 Continue to participate with Shasta County Fire Agencies and California Department of FD 1-5 GF EC 1 Forestr and Fire Protection in fire revention education fair at various locations. Ongoing 5.B.4 Continue to participate in annual school fire prevention visits to provide fire prevention FD 1-5 GF EC 1 education. Ongoing 5.C.1 Focus on human causes of ignition and address the problem through education and FD 1 -5 GF EC 1 enforcement actions to include vi orous investi ation of rosecution of arson. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 114 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 5.C.2 Continue the Redding Police DepartmenYs Community Cleanup Program that utilizes PD 1-5 GF EC 1 persons assigned to a work release program to clean up areas of blight throughout the City. This includes week trimming and brush removal in green belt areas which eliminates or miti ates the robabilit of fire i nitions. Ongoing 5.D.1 Ensure annual emergency Operations Center exercise is performed. FD 1 —5 GF/EF EC 1 Ongoing 5.E.1 Ensure adequate resources are available to pre-plan for incidents that may occur in the FD 5+ GF TBD 1 ve hi h fire hazard severit zones within the Cit of Reddin . Ongoing 5.E.2 Ensure continued training of personnel responsible for responses to wildland fires with FD 1 —5 GF EC 1 the most current strate ies,tactics, and safet actions. Ongoing 5.E.3 Ensure equipment is purchased and maintained to address the wildland fire risk with in FD 1 —5 GF EC 1 the communit . Ongoing 5.E.4 Increase staffing of current two-person companies to three-person companies to FD 5+ GF TBD 1 improve capabilities and initial actions at fire incidents within the community, as additional fundin becomes available. Ongoing 5.E.5 Continue to maintain training and response actions with cooperating fire agencies. FD 1-5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 5.E.6 Continue to replace aging water lines which provide adequate fire flows. (Status: MU 1-5 GF EC 1 Re laced 26,275 feet of a in waterlines throu hout the Cit Ongoing 5.E.7 Continue to install new waterlines which provide necessary fire flows. MU 1-5 GF EC 1 Status: Installed 29,600 feet of new water mains throu hout the Cit . Ongoing 6.A.1 Ensure that new development does not encroach on the designated floodplain. DS 1-5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 6.A.2 Ensure that new development does not contribute to downstream flow increases through DS 1-5 GF EC 1 the use of detentionlretention measures, and continue to review plans and hydraulic calculations for new develo ment to limit net flow increases. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 115 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 6.A.3 Continue to participate in the NFIP to ensure the availability of federally sponsored DS 1-5 GF EC 1 flood lain insurance for Cit residents. Ongoing 6.A.4 Continue to participate in the CRS. This program involves accruing points based on the DS 1-5 GF EC 1 Cit 's en a ement in FEMA-defined activities. Ongoing 6.A.5 Review and consider additional CRS activities particularly relating to public information DS 1-5 GF EC 1 and emer enc services to a I for credit to increase the Cit 's oints. New 6.A.6 Seek available grant funding and apply for grant funding as it becomes available to DS 1-5 GF EC 1 assist with miti atin flood hazards onto re etitive loss areas. Ongoing 6.B.1 Routinely inspect storm water channels for vegetation build-up or encroachment, trash MU 1-5 ENT EC 1 and debris, silt and gravel build-up, and erosion or bank failure; and routinely maintain said channels where ermitted b California De artment of Fish and Wildlife. Ongoing 6.B.2 Routinely inspect and maintain storm water inlets and outfalis for debris and MU 1-5 ENT EC 1 obstructions, sand and ravel build-u , and structural dama e or vandalism. Ongoing 6.C.1 Update Storm Drain Master Plan; identify key projects needed to minimize flooding and DS/MU 5+ ENT EC 1 their costs; identify regional detention policies and locations to minimize the impact of future development;and develop costs and possible funding strategies for the identified ca ital ro'ects. New 6.D.1 Continue to seek and apply for grant funding as it becomes available for design and DSlPW 1 -5 GF EC 1 construction of Olne Creek. Ongoing 6.D.2 Continue the provisionally accredited levee process to certify the Clear Creek Levee PWlDS 1 -3 GF EC 1 Ongoing 7.A.1 Continue active participation and training of City personnel in the Cal EMA Safety DS 1-5 GF EC 2 Assessment Pro ram SAP . Ongoing 7.A.2 Provide yearly review of the procedures of safety assessment inspections including DS 1-5 GF EC 3 proper use of the City's official placards(unsafe, restricted use&inspected)and how to com lete the ra id and detailed safet assessment evaluation forms. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 116 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 7.A.3 Conduct annual emergency operation's center drills to ensure efficiency of City staff and DS 1-5 GF EC 1 coordination of resources and information. Ongoing 8.A.1 Provide safe, reliable switching control and coordination of field crews throughout the E� 1 -5 EF EC 1 ear. Ongoing 8.A.2 Real-time System Operators continue to constantly monitor the power grid and dispatch EL 1 -5 EF EC 1 resources to miti ate ower su I curtailments. Ongoing 8.A.3 Annual training of System Operators to respond to power system emergencies. EL 1 —5 EF EC 1 Ongoing 8.A.4 Annual review and update of emergency plans.Joined North West Power Pool to obtain E� 1-5 GF/EF EC 1 additional energy emergency resources. Ongoing meetings with local power agencies to coordinate res onse to ener emer encies. Ongoing 8.A.5 Participate in state wide power grid emergency operation training (CETAC). Annual EL 1-5 EF EC 1 training on black start procedures, system restoration procedures, and emergency communications. Ongoing coordination of emergency plans with Western Area Power Administration and Sacramento Munici al Utilit District. Ongoing 8.A.6 Annual review and update of Sabotage procedures. Registered power plant site and E� 1-5 EF EC 1 equipment with the California Emer ency Mana ement A enc . Ongoing 8.A.7 Develop and implement an internal NERC Standards compliance program. Assigned EL 1-5 EF EC 1 committees to audit and ensure compliance with national and regional reliability standards. Ongoing 8.A.8 Develop and implement a natural gas pipeline emergency response plan per PNSMA E� 1-5 EF EC 1 regulations. Conductjoint emergency response training with local emergency response a encies. Ongoing 8.A.9 Develop and maintain an emergency Real-time Scheduling and Trading office (to be EL 1-5 EF EC 1 located at Redding City Hall) for periods of time in which the current scheduling and tradin facilit located at Reddin Power is unavailable,unreachable,or com romised. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 117 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 8.B.1 Continue maintenance of the Redding Power Plant facilities to assure availability to EL 1 -5 EF EC 1 res ond to ower rid emer encies. New 8.B.2 Work to provide redundant water supply during emergencies for sustained cooling tower E� 1-5 EF EC 1 o eration. Ongoing 8.C.1 Continue modernization of substation equipment and modernize distribution equipment EL 2-4 EF EC 1 to industrial best practice standards.Work to provide redundant communication systems and distribution monitorin for im roved situational awareness. Ongoing 8.C.2 Modernize Sulphur Creek Substation, Canby Substation, and Eureka Way Substation. E� 2-4 EF EC 1 Ongoing 8.C.3 Partial reconditioning of the Eureka Way/Sulphur Creek 115kV line. E� 1 EF EC 1 Ongoing 8.C.4 Construct the Stillwater 115kV line from East Redding Substation to Airport Substation. EL 2-4 EF EC 1 Ongoing 8.D.1 Continue the program that ensures trimming of trees on a three-year or less trim cycle E� 1 -5 EF EC 1 that meets new California State Public Utility Commission (CPUC) tree-trimming clearance standards that were established in January of 1997 and revised in 2017 with increased clearances Ongoing 8.D.2 Continue annual equipment inspection and pole replacement programs to assure EL 1 -5 EF EC 1 reliabilit and ublic safet . Ongoing 8.E.1 Provide safe and reliable collection system, pump station, and treatment plant controls E� 1 -5 EF EC 1 and operations. Perform preventative maintenance with coordination of field crews throu hout the ear. Ongoing 9.A.1 Continue to enforce the seismic provisions of the latest edition of the California Building DS 1-5 GF EC 1 Code for new construction, alterations and additions. Ongoing 9.A.2 Continue to require a seismic analysis of existing structures(built under earlier building DS 1-5 GF EC 1 codes) that undergo a change in use or occupancy that results in a higher hazard occu anc rou . LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 118 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 9.B.1 Continue active participation and training of City personnel in the Cal EMA Safety DS 1-5 GF EC 2 Assessment Pro ram SAP . Ongoing 9.B.2 Provide yearly review of the procedures of safety assessment inspections including DS 1-5 GF EC 3 proper use of the City's official placards(unsafe, restricted use&inspected)and how to complete the rapid and detailed safet assessment evaluation forms. Ongoing 9.B.3 Conduct annual emergency operation's center drills to ensure efficiency of City staff and DS 1-5 GF EC 1 coordination of resources and information. Ongoing 10.A.1 Encourage the County, State and Federal hazardous materials regulators to continue FD 1 -5 GF EC 1 u datin and consistent enforcin of hazardous materials re ulations. Ongoing 10.A.2 Conduct hazardous materials incident emergency exercises. PD/FD 1 -5 TBD $10,000 1 Ongoing 10.A.4 Reinforce our partnership with Shasta County Environmental Health to provide FD 2-4 GF EC 2 additional information on all businesses regarding their use, handling, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials and their generation and disposal of hazardous wastes. Ongoing 10.A.5 Make sure that hazardous processes are not allowed to be adjacent to or co-mingle with DS/FD 1 -5 GF EC 1 residential or hi h life hazard occupancies. Ongoing 10.A.6 Provide, along with other stakeholders, educational materials to our businesses who FD 1 -5 TBD $50,000 2 work with hazardous materials that clearly identify the risks, the safe practices for use and the re uirements for stora e of hazardous materials. Ongoing 10.B.1 Provide continued funding for training to enhance and promote safe hazardous materials PD/FD 1 -5 TBD $100,000 2 res onses b Cit ersonnel. Ongoing 10.B.2 Invite rail freight companies to conduct freight train accident response training with City PDlFD 1 -5 TBD $5,000 2 Field res onders. Ongoing 10.C.1 Identify if additional equipment is needed to ensure protection of community from PDlFD 1 —5 GF EC 1 identified risks. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 119 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 10.C.2 Establish equipment replacement schedule and potential funding sources for existing PDlFD 1 —5 GF EC 1 e ui ment Ongoing 11.A.1 Wastewater Collection Division continues to maintain and replace as necessary, MU 1-5 GF EC 1 emergency generator at seven lift stations to prevent sanitary sewer overflows. Three mobile emer enc enerators also are maintained for various incidents. Ongoing 11.A.2 All electrical systems pertaining to safety at the Clear Creek Wastewater Treatment MU 2-4 GF EC 1 Plant influent pumping station will be upgraded and replaced, and replacing and upgrading one of the generators at the influent pumping station. Brush clearing between the Sacramento River and their wastewater overFlow ponds will insure the integrity and minimize the otential for an breech of these ond walis. Ongoing 11.B.1 Continue monthly training and annual recertification of the RMU Hazmat team, with MU(FD 1 -5 EF/GF EC 1 ongoing emergency response practice exercises and safety equipment upgrades as needed. Ongoing 11.B.2 Control visitor and contractor access to both treatment-plant facilities through such MU 1-5 GF EC 1 actions as ate-lockin and si n-in rocedures. Ongoing 11.B.3 Wastewater Collection Division provide excavator training to City of Redding personnel, MU 1-5 GF EC 1 other government agencies, and members of the private sector. Also, staff training in confined s ace, excavation,and trench rescue rotocol and techni ue. Ongoing 11.B.4 Water Treatment personnel, along with Wastewater personnel, are continuing to train MUlFD 1-5 GF EC 1 as HAZMAT Industry Technicians for emergency responses to hazardous chemical releases at the Cit 's water and wastewater treatment lants. Ongoing 12.A.1 Continue to provide training to all personnel to meet mandated requirements for the PD/FD 1 -5 EF EC 1 Hazardous Materials O erational Level. Ongoing 12.A.2 Continue to provide training to a small group of personnel to the higher levels of MUlFD 1 -5 EF EC 1 Hazardous Materials Technician and S ecialists. Ongoing 12.A.3 Continue to apply for grants to assist with the expenses associated with ongoing training All 1 -5 EF EC 1 and u dated e ui ment urchases. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 120 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 12.B.1 Continue to provide access to the California Nealth Alert Network(CANAN). All 1 -5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 13.A.1 Selected police officers and fire fighters will attend training regarding weapons of mass PD/FD 1 -5 GF EC 1 destruction WMD . New 13.B.1 Increase community awareness through Redding Police Department social media PD 1 -5 GF EC 1 latforms. Ongoing 13.B.2 Disseminate press releases and activate the Emergency Alert System (EAS) during All 1 -5 GF EC 1 times of severe terrorism threat conditions. New 13.C.1 Provide rifle rated ballistic plates for officers. PD 2-4 TBD EC 1 Ongoing 14.A.1 Continue communication and coordination with Shasta County Department of Public FD 1 —5 GF EC 1 Health. Ongoing 14.A.3 Continue to provide information to the public regarding WNV. CM 1 —5 GF EC 1 Ongoing 15.A.1 Continue to update the Airport Emergency Plan. PW 1 -5 EF EC 1 Ongoing 15.A.2 Ensure the Airport Emergency Plan complies with FAA regulations. PW 1 EF EC 1 Ongoing 15.A.3 Conduct a full-scale triennial aviation disaster drill and a tabletop aviation disaster drill PW 1 -5 EF EC 1 on the non-triennial ears. Ongoing 16.A.1 Continue communication and coordination with the Bureau of Reclamation and maintain FD(MU/GIS 1-5 GF EC 3 u -to-date Inundation ma s. Ongoing 16.A.2 Maintain Emergency Operations Center (EOC) for coordination of information and FD/SS 1-5 GF/DHS EC 1 emergency response, with annual exercises simulating disaster response. Funding is available. Ongoing 17.A.1 Monitor the situations and develop a plan when and if the probability of volcanic activity ALL 1 -5 GF EC 1 increases to a level of si nificance. LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 121 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan �ngaing/New Actian Action i Lead 7ime Fund i Gast Priority 'Item# A enc Line Source Ra#in " Ongoing 18.A.1 Maintain Emergency Operations Center (EOC) for coordination of information and FD 1 —5 GF EC 1 emergency response, with annual exercises simulating disaster response. Funding is available. Ongoing 18.A.2 Continue communication and coordination with the Sierra Sacramento Valley FD 1 —5 GF EC 1 Emer enc Medical Services(EMS . LEAD TIME LINE FUNDING COST PRIORITY CM-City Manager 1: One Year or Less GF- General Fund EC-Existing Cost 1-Highest Priority DS-Development Services Department 2-4: Years EF- Enterprise Fund TBD-To Be Determined 2-Medium Priority FD-Fire Department 5+: Five Years or More HMGP- Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 3-Lowest Priority MU-Municipal Utilities 1-5: Continuous DHS- Department of Homeland Security PD-Police Department CIP- Capital Improvement Project Funding PW-Public Works Department DS- Development Fees SS-Support Services CDBG- Community Development Block Grants EL- Electric LEAP Local Early Action Plan REAP Regional Early Action Plan 122 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan TAB�E 8-9 Com leted Miti ation Actions Actian Qescription Updated the General Plan Modified the City's General Plan as required by law to address updates to the Housing Element Housing Element. Adopted the Current Building In November 2019, Council adopted and amended the 2019 edition of the California Code. Building Code, the 2019 edition of the California Residential Code, the 2019 edition of the California Plumbing and Mechanical Codes, the 2019 edition of the California Electrical Code,the 2019 edition of the California Green Building Code and the 2018 edition of the International Property Maintenance Code as they pertain to the regulation of buildings and structures. Identify GIS data layer ldentify data layer for hazard mitigation applicable to the City of Redding. Following the 2018 Carr Fire, all damaged structures were identified as a data layer to utilize for wildfire mitigation development. Funding for geotechnical Continue the grant funding process through the State's �ocal Levee Assistance studies for the Olney Creek Program to fund the geotechnical studies for the Olney Creek Levee. Grant received �evee through the State's Local�evee Assistance Program to fund the geotechnical studies for the Olney Creek Levee. Consultant is in the process of being selected. Study was completed June 2017. Council accepted the study on May 2, 2017. ICS/SEMS Training Supervisory level personnel of the Redding Police Department continue to be trained by the Shasta County SherifF's Department Emergency Services personnel in basic ICS/SEM (Incident Command System/ Standardized Emergency Management System)concepts for the purpose of managing large-scale natural and/or manmade disasters. Access Control Program at Control visitor and contractor access to both treatment plant facilities through such Clear Creek Wastewater actions as gate locking and sign-in procedures. Treatment Plant Chemical Scrubbing System �nstall a chemical scrubbing system at the Clear Creek Plant when the facility is upgraded. Vandalism and Terrorism �nstall vandalism and terrorism preventive enhancements at both the Clear Creek Preventive Enhancements and Stillwater Treatment Plants, such as considering more extensive perimeter fencing, video surveillance and stronger door locks. Vandalism and Infiltration Wastewater Collection Division is reinforcing remote manholes with concrete to Preventive Enhancements protect them from vandalism and infiltration during major storm water events. 123 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 9.0 PLAN ADOPTION, MAINTENANCE, REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION 9.1 Adoption The Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 2014 Update was adopted by the Redding City Council on September 16, 2014. The resolution is provided on page 9. The plan was approved by FEMA on November 16, 2015, for a five-year period that will expired on November 16, 2020 9.2 Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating the Plan The Hazard Mitigation Plan is a living document that reflects the City's ongoing hazard mitigation activities. The process of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the Plan will be critical to the effectiveness of hazard mitigation. The City's Emergency Services Coordinator in the City's Fire Department will be responsible for maintaining, evaluating, and updating the Plan. The Plan is intended to evolve in accord with changing priorities and policies within the community, and all mitigations set forth in the Plan, as well as the time-frame for their accomplishment are subject to revision and amendment. The City's Hazard Mitigation Project Team (HMPT) will play a crucial role in providing direction, input, and guidance. The Emergency Services Coordinator will lead the HMPT and will review and recommend for approval any Plan updates proposed by the HMPT. The Plan will be reviewed at least every two years and updated at least every five years. Recommendation for Plan revisions will be based on the following criteria: • Changes in federal or state laws. • Accomplishment of Actions, Objectives and Goals. • Advances in knowledge or understanding of hazards. • Additional hazard events, including federally declared disasters. • Changes in the City's risk to the identified and/or additional hazards. • Performance of mitigation projects during hazard events. • Availability of funding and availability of staff with necessary expertise to fulfil the Plan. The HMPT will convene annually to review the progress made towards the Plan's goals and objectives. The HMPT will review each goal and objective to determine their relevance to changing situations in the City, as well as changes in state or federal policy and laws to ensure that the Plan is addressing current and expected conditions. This annual review will include: a prioritization and re-evaluation of mitigation actions, as appropriate; an assessment of each action's current status; and recommendations for improvements and/or changes. The HMPT will produce an annual Nazard Mitigation Status Report that represents the results of the annual review and present it to the Redding City Council. 124 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Additionally, per FEMA regulations, the Plan will undergo a comprehensive review and update every five years. The Plan will be forwarded first to the California Office of Emergency Services for initiai review; then to FEMA for final approval, and lastly to the Redding City Council for adoption. 2014 Plan Evaluation Review of the implementation of the 2005 plan allowed the opportunity to review the Plan's goals, objectives and identified actions to determine their relevance and current status. Prior to the initiation of the 2014 plan update process, little evaluation of the plan was conducted, primarily due to the economic downturn and its impact onto City staffing. As the plan was evaluated during the update process, the following was determined: • 78 of the 96 identified 2005 actions are ongoing; • 9 of the 18 identified non-ongoing 2005 actions were successfully completed; and • 10 additional unidentified actions were successfully completed. As a part of the 2014 Update, a review of development within hazard prone areas was performed to determine their impact since the adoption of the plan in 2005. The table below list development that has occurred in hazard prone areas since the adoption of the plan and identifies which hazard prone area and its vulnerability. T e of Develo ment Hazard Vulnerabilit Single Family Homes Fire No impact to vulnerability. Homes have been allowed to be constructed in the very high fire severity zone; however, their vulnerability is mitigated with the adoption of recent building codes which re uire the installation of fire s rinklers. Various Development Flood No impact to vulnerability. All development within a designated flood plain is subject to the City's adopted Flood Plain Regulations which are more stringent than the National Flood Insurance Program's mandated regulations for a Community Ratin S stem Class 6 communit . Clover Creek Detention Flood Decreased vulnerability. This was designed as a regional Basin detention facility and decreases the vulnerability of flooding along Churn Creek. 2021 Plan Evaluation Review of the implementation of the 2015 plan allowed the opportunity to review the Plan's goals, objectives and identified actions to determine their relevance and current status. As the plan was evaluated during the update process, the following was determined: • 136 of the 141 identified 2015 actions are ongoing; • 3 of the 28 non-going identified 2015 actions were successfully completed; • 3 additional unidentified actions were successfully completed; and • 5 identified 2015 actions were eliminated in this update. 125 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan 9.3 implementation Through Existing Programs The City of Redding currently utilizes comprehensive land use planning, capital improvements planning, building codes and fire codes to guide and regulate development. The City of Redding addresses statewide planning goals and legislative requirements through these various programs. The �ocal Hazard Mitigation Plan provides a series of actions, many of which are closely related to the goals and objectives of these existing planning programs. The Steering Committee is responsible for determining how each individual action will be implemented through existing programs. After the City officially adopts the Plan, these existing mechanisms will have hazard mitigation strategies integrated into them. The Emergency Services Coordinator will ensure incorporation of hazard mitigation strategies during the periodic reviews of the City's comprehensive plans and land use policies. Capital Improvement Plan The action items in the mitigation plan may be achieved through activities recommended in the Capital Improvement Plan (CIP). The CIP is updated every five years. Upon review of the CIP, the Steering Committee will work with the City's Public Works Department to identify areas where the hazard mitigation action items are consistent with CIP goals and integrate them where appropriate. ♦ Date of last revision: 2019 ♦ Plan owner: Public Works Department— Engineering Division ♦ Plan description: The Capital Improvement Plan is a planning document that identifies capital projects in the next five-year horizon for elected officials, citizens, and staff. Hazard mitigation priorities will be considered during the CIP process. ♦ Plan cycle: Five-year cycle ♦ Relation to hazard mitigation: Action items may be inserted into the Capital Improvement Plan as approved by the City Council. After formal adoption of the Hazard Mitigation Plan, the action items in the Plan will be incorporated into existing plans as is practical. The meetings of the Steering Committee will provide an opportunity for committee members to report back on the progress made on the integration of mitigation planning elements into City planning documents and procedures. In addition to the Capital Improvement Plan, various other existing plans, policies, and programs have hazard mitigation ties. The Steering Committee will identify how best to implement individual actions into the appropriate existing plan, policy, or program. The following existing plans, policies, and programs were identified by the Steering Committee. General Plan ♦ Date of last revision: 2020 ♦ Plan owner: Planning Division ♦ Plan description: The City's General Plan is a guide for growth. The General Plan outlines where the City wants to be and how to get there. It is an action plan for the City. The Plan reflects the values of the community. These values are the common thread that link the goals, 126 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan policies, and implementation measures of the Plan. The General Plan Diagram is a part of this document. ♦ Plan cycle: The General Plan changes when the needs and desires of the public change, when development occurs at a different rate than predicted, and when corrections in a plan are needed, the plan needs to be revised. An update to the plan is currently underway and anticipated to be completed in 2023. ♦ Relation to hazard mitigation: The Hazard Mitigation Plan mission statement and goals should be cohesive with and align with the mission and goals of the City's General Plan. Construction Standards ♦ Date of last revision: Continuous ♦ Plan owner: Public Works ♦ Plan description: The City's Construction Standards is to provide minimum standards to be applied to improvements which are to be dedicated to the public and accepted by the City of Redding for maintenance or operation and certain private works, as well as improvements to be installed within existing rights-of-way and easements. ♦ Plan cycle: There is no set schedule for updates. ♦ Relation to hazard mitigation: Public involvements and related facilities are directly tied to mitigation efforts in a number of the natural hazards that can affect the city. By assuring there are consistent policies we improve the efforts to minimize natural hazards damage to property and loss of life. Zoninq Ordinance ♦ Date of last revision: 2021 ♦ Plan owner: Planning Division ♦ Plan description: The broad purposes of the City's Zoning Ordinance are to implement the General Plan and promote and protect the public health, safety, peace, comfort, and general welfare of the City of Redding. ♦ Relation to hazard mitigation:Action items initiated by the Hazard Mitigation Plan that change the Zoning Ordinance must be consistent with the goals of the City's General Plan. Downtown Reddinq Specific Plan ♦ Date of last revision: 2018 ♦ Plan owner: Planning Division ♦ Plan description: The City's Downtown Specific Plan provides the foundation for achieving the vision for powntown Redding which is a unique place and viewed by the community at large as one of its most prized possessions. ♦ Plan cycle: The plan is currently being updated and anticipated to be complete in 2021. ♦ Relation to hazard mitigation: Action items initiated by the Hazard Mitigation Plan that change the Downtown Redding Specific Plan must be consistent with the goals of the City's General Plan. 127 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan Buildinq Code ♦ Date of last revision: 2019 ♦ Plan owner: Building Division ♦ Plan description: The State Building Codes purpose is to set forth and coordinate City regulations governing the construction of buildings and infrastructure. ♦ Plan cycle: Every three years. ♦ Relation to hazard mitigation: Inspections of new construction are intended to ensure compliance with Building Code and Zoning Ordinance provisions that relate to hazard mitigation. Goals and action items set forth in the Hazard Mitigation Plan are intended to address Statewide Planning Goal 2. Goal 2 is to minimize damage to structures and property, as well as interruption of essential services and activities. Goal 2 encourages new development to occur in locations avoiding or minimizing exposure to hazards and enhance design requirements to improve resiliency in future disasters. The Building Division is responsible for administering the building codes in the City. After adoption of the Hazard Mitigation Plan, they will continue to work with the State Building Code Office to ensure that the City adopts, and is enforcing, the minimum standards established in the new Building Code. This is to make sure that life and safety criteria are met for new construction. The capital improvement planning that occurs in the future will also contribute to the goals in the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Within two years of the formal adoption of the Hazard Mitigation Plan, the mitigation strategy will be incorporated into existing planning mechanisms, whenever feasible. Downtown Reddinq Transportation Plan ♦ Date of last revision: 2016 ♦ Plan owner: Public Works ♦ Plan description: The plan identifies the transportation improvements needed to accommodate existing and future development in Downtown Redding and provide connectivity throughout the City. The City's Downtown Redding Transportation Plan provides a comprehensive transportation plan to achieve a more inviting, vibrant, and accessible Downtown. ♦ Plan cycle: The plan changes to align with the goals and actions of the General Plan. Existing Mitigation Activities Existing mitigation activities include current mitigation programs and activities that are being implemented by city, county, regional, state, federal agencies, utilities or other organizations. Citv Proqrams Capital Improvement Program (CIP) The City of Redding's Capital Improvements Program (CIP) is used as a tool to help ensure that the City's short- and long-term capital investments are made in the context of careful consideration of the City's needs as well as the resources available to fund the related capital projects. The 128 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan budgeting for the CIP starts with the development of the City's 2-year budget and 10-year financial plan. This biennial process includes a combination of detailed staff analysis and broad public involvement. It is during this process that basic municipal operational and specific infrastructure needs are identified and matched with revenues generated from various local, state and federal funding sources. The CIP can assist the City of Redding in mitigation against wildland fire, flooding, and severe weather events by improving infrastructure most prone to damage. Emergency Operation Center (EOC) The Emergency Operation Center is an established location/facility from which City staff and officials can provide direction, coordination, and support to emergency operations in the event of an incident such as a disaster. City personnel who are assigned to and trained for specific positions within the EOC organizational structure staff the EOC. The structure is based on the National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) as outlined in the National Response Framework (NRF). The EOC staff provides information and recommendations to the EOC Manager through the Incident Commander, or as directed, to develop a course of action to respond to and contain, control, and recover from an emergency. Some of the primary functions performed at the EOC include: coordination, operations management, planning, information tracking and dissemination, logistical support, financial management and support, and emergency public information. Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) The primary purpose of the EOP is to outline the City's all-hazard approach to emergency operations in order to protect the safety, health, and welfare of its citizens throughout all emergency management mission areas. The Plan sets forth a strategy and operating guidelines adopted by the City for managing its response and recovery activities during disasters and emergencies. The Plan is composed of three main elements: • Basic Plan The purpose of the Basic Plan is to provide a framework for emergency operations and information regarding the City's emergency management structure. It serves as the primary document outlining roles and responsibilities of elected officials during an incident. • Functional Annexes (FAs) The FAs focus on critical tasks, capabilities, and resources provided by emergency response agencies for the City throughout all phases of an emergency. • Incident Annexes (IAs) The IAs supplement the Basic Plan to identify critical tasks associated with specific natural, technological, and human-caused haZards identified in the City's most current Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment. The IAs identifies step- 129 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan by-step actions for each hazard through the pre-incident, response, and recovery phases of an incident. 9.4 Continued Public lnvolvement The City of Redding is dedicated to involving the public directly in the continual reshaping and updating of the Hazard Mitigation Plan. The HMPT members will be responsible for the annual review and update of the Plan. The annual review will incorporate at least one public workshop to allow public involvement, input, and feedback about the Plan. Copies of the Plan will be kept at the County of Shasta Library, at the Fire Prevention Office, at the Police Station, and on the City's website. The HMPT will be responsible for publicizing the location of these copies at least 30 days prior to the annual meeting to allow adequate time for the public to review and provide input. Public input will be included on the agenda of each annual meeting. 130 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan APPENDIX 1 — CRITICAL FACIUTIES INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY NAME TYPE Air ort Benton Air ark Reddin Municipal Airport Brid e S. Bonn view Road North Street-Anderson C ress Street River Trail Ribbon Brid e Diestlehorst Hw 44 Keswick Dam Sundial Brid e Lake Reddin UPRPR North Market Street Bus Barn RABA Care Facilities Copper Rid e Reddin Post-Acute Crestwood Manor River Commons Golden Umbrella Serenit Gardens Hilito Estates Retirement Residence Shasta Estates Hotel Reddin Senior Housin Sierra Oaks Lavender Hills Sundial Assisted �ivin Lorenz Hotel The Vistas Marquis Shasta Post-Acute Rehab Touch of Heaven North Star Senior Livin Tree House Senior A artments Oakdale Hei hts Vibra Hospital Willow Springs Alzheimer's Oakmont Special Care Quartz Hill Windsor Reddin Care Center Communications AT&T AT&T Communication of California KGEC 26 KRCR Pac Bell Qwest Communications Cor oration Valle Industrial Communications COP YaPd Caltrans Corp Yard Reddin Cor Yard Shasta County Corp Yard 131 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan INFRASTRUCTURE FACI�ITY NAME TYPE EleCtt'IC Airport Substation Eureka Way Substation Air ort-WAPA Substation Moore Road Substation Beltline Substation Ore on Substation Canb Substation Reddin Power Generation Plant Clear Creek/RPP Substation Sul hur Creek Substation Colle e View Substation Texas S rin s Substation East Reddin Substation Waldon Substation FIPe CDF Headquarters Fire Station #4 CDF, US Forest Service Fire Station #5 Fire Station #1 Fire Station #6 Fire Station #2 Fire Station #7 Fire Station #3 Fire Station #8 GOvePtlmetlt Offices Caltrans District Office RABA Fleet Maintenance RABA Transfer Station Reddin Cit Hall Shascom Shasta Count Administration Buildin U.S. Main Post Office U.S. Postal Service HOS ital Mercy Medical Center Shasta Re ional Medical Center POIICe CHP Aircraft CHP Dispatch CHP Headquarters Reddin Police Station Shasta Count Sheriff Sheltel' Aita Mesa School Mountain View Middle School Bonn view School Reddin School District Office Boulder Creek School Reddin School of the Arts Bucke e Elementar School Sequoia Middle School Bucke e Middle School Shasta Colle e— Downtown Campus C press School Shasta Hi h School Enterprise Hi h School Shasta Learnin Center U-Prep Juniper Academy Shasta Meadows Lassen View School Sycamore School Manzanita School Turtle Bay Elementary Mistletoe Elementary School 132 fA��p�� ;: U P�} � � 4Q ��.� City of Redding Hazard Mitigation Plan INFRASTRUCTURE FACI�ITY NAME TYPE Utlllt PG&E WaSteWatei' Abernathy Lift Station Mary Street Lift Station Auditorium �ift Station North Market Street Lift Station Cheryl Lift Station Remington Lift Station Churn Creek �ift Station River Bend �ift Station Clear Creek Sewer Treatment Seven Bridges Lift Station Denton Lift Station Stiliwater Business Park �ift Station Hartnell �ift Station Stiliwater Sewer Treatment Hope Lane Lift Station Sunnyhill Lift Station �ayton Lift Station Tierra Oaks �ift Station Locust Lift Station Westside Lift Station Watet' Bella Vista Water Enterprise Well#12 Bella Vista Water District Enterprise Well#13 Bella Vista Water Tank Enterprise Well#14 Buckeye Water Treatment Plant Enterprise Well#23 Buckeye Tank -2MG Foothill Tank Buckeye Tank-4MG Foothill Water Treatment Plant Cascade Tank Hill 900 Tank#1 Cascade Well#1 Hill 900#2 Cascade Well#5 Pump House#1 Cascade Well#6 Pump Station #2—Hill 900 Cascade Well#8 Pump Station #3—Sulphur Creek Cascade Well#9 Pump Station #4- Benton Enterprise Tank#1 Pump Station #5- Canby Enterprise Tank#2 Pump Station #6- Goodwater Enterprise Well#3A Pump Station #7—Mary Lake Enterprise Well#4 Pump Station #8—EI Reno Enterprise Well#6A Pump Station #9- Mercy Enterprise Well#7 Pump Station - SPRR Enterprise Well#8 Redding Ranchettes Tank Enterprise Well#9 S. Bonnyview Vault Enterprise Well#10 Supervisory Vaults Enterprise Well#11 133 � �� 5.........W�_.<. - _' ... ' „'�'s�` 't.4 _.. ' _�..�., .+ y�,r- -"1^^^� �..�. 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