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Reso 2000-166 - 2000-2020 General Plan
RESOLUTION NO. 2040 — /(o to A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF REDDING CERTIFYING THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT AND ADOPTING THE 2000-2020 GENERAL PLAN WHEREAS,the elements of the City of Redding General Plan were adopted individually from 1970 to 1994; and, WHEREAS, the City Council determined that the General Plan should address all locally relevant land use and planning issues; and, WHEREAS, the City Council determined that is was necessary and desirable to comprehensively update the seven mandatory elements of the General Plan and to ensure locally relevant comprehensiveness by adding several optional elements; and, WHEREAS,the General Plan of the City of Redding has been comprehensively updated in compliance with the land use, planning and environmental laws of the State of California after numerous public meetings and study sessions of the General Plan Task Force and Planning Commission; and, WHEREAS,the 2000-2020 General Plan enumerates the goals of the citizens of the City of Redding; and, WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a duly noticed public hearing, said hearing noticed in a newspaper of general circulation in accordance with law and said public hearing held on June 27 and 28, 2000; and, WHEREAS,the City Council has reviewed the 2000-2020 General Plan and determined that it meets all statutory requirements; and, WHEREAS,the City of Redding has undertaken a comprehensive planning effort to prepare the 2000-2020 General Plan Final Environmental Impact Report(FEIR) and Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations ; and WHEREAS,the City Council has held two duly noticed public hearings,said hearings noticed in a newspaper of general circulation, and said hearings held on July 7 and October 2, 2000; and, WHEREAS,the City of Redding has prepared a FEIR describing and analyzing the significant environmental effects of the 2000-2020 General Plan, including discussion of ways to mitigate or avoid the significant effects as well as identifying those significant effects that cannot be avoided; and, WHEREAS, the FEIR has been prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act(CEQA)and the Environmental Review Procedures contained in the Redding Municipal Code, including circulation of the following environmental documents to the public and to all necessary agencies for comment and review as follows: City Council Resolution I of 4 September 25,2000 CN 0 1. Notice of Preparation issued on July 30, 1998 pursuant to Pub. Resources Code section 21080.4, and posted for 30 days by the County Clerk on XXXXXX,XX 1998,pursuant to Pub. Resources Code section 21092.3; and, 2. Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEER) prepared and circulated with Notice of Completion pursuant to Pub. Resources Code section 21092 allowing review and comment from the public and all necessary agencies from April 20, 2000 until June 5, 2000; and, 3. Notice of Availability published pursuant to Pub.Resources Code section 21092 on April 19, 2000, and April 23, 2000, and posted for 30 days by the County Clerk on April 22, 2000; and, 4. Written comments on the DEIR were submitted by State and local agencies, organizations and individuals, and responses to comments addressing significant environmental issues raised by the written comments were included in the FEIR; and, WHEREAS, the FEIR was considered by the Redding Planning Commission at public hearings on June 27 and 28, 2000, where members of the public were given an opportunity to comment prior to the Commission making a recommendation on certification of the FEIR to the City Council; and, WHEREAS, modifications made to the proposed updates to the 2000-2020 General Plan subsequent to publication of the DEER were minor in nature and do not introduce the potential for additional environmental impacts not already addressed; and, WHEREAS,CEQA and the CEQA Guidelines require lead agencies to make and issue certain findings where an FEIR identifies one or more significant effects of a project; and, WHEREAS,the planning process to prepare and issue the Findings of Fact for the 2000-2020 General Plan involved public participation through public meetings,hearings and a public comment period; and, WHEREAS, the Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations have been prepared and issued in conformance with California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") (Pub. Resources Code, § 21000 et seq.) and the CEQA Guidelines (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 14, § 15000 et seq.)by the City of Redding, as the lead agency for the 2000-2020 General Plan; and WHEREAS, pursuant to the Public Utilities Code, the Shasta County Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC) has the responsibility to plan the area adjacent to the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark and to render determinations regarding the conformity of local agency land use plans within the established airport environs; and WHEREAS,the Redding Municipal Airport Area Plan was adopted in July 1982 and was a cooperative effort of the Cities of Redding and Anderson and Shasta County,and the Westside Area Plan, adopted in October 1993, constitutes the adopted land use plan for Benton Airpark; City Council Resolution 2 of 4 September 25,1000 WHEREAS, the 2000-2020 General Plan will make minor changes to the Comprehensive Land Use Plans(CLUP) for these airports including the changed nomenclature of the General Plan resulting in different definitions of land uses than those reflected on the approved plans; and WHEREAS,the 2000-2020 General Plan will establish changes in land use in the vicinity of the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark; and NOW,THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED, that: SECTION 1— Land Use Planning Adjacent to Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. As required by Public Utilities Code Section 21676(b),the 2000-2020 General Plan has been referred to the Shasta County ALUC for a determination of consistency with the approved CLUPs. Notwithstanding the interpretations and opinions of that body,the City Council finds that the land use changes made to the General Plan Diagram,together with the policies of the Noise Element, the adopted safety policies of the Redding Municipal Airport Area Plan and the Westside Area Plan, and Policy HS7A of the Health and Safety Element, are consistent with the purposes of Section 21670 of the Public Utility Code. The changes to the nomenclature in the General Plan that result in different definitions of land uses than those reflected on the approved plans are minor and not inconsistent with the existing basic types of uses(i.e.,residential, commercial, and industrial). As to the redesignation of several parcels determined to be inconsistent by the ALUC,the City Council finds that through implementation of the City's Zoning Ordinance and adherence to the development policies of the Comprehensive Land Use Plans, additional noise and safety impacts will not occur. SECTION 2— CONFORMITY WITH GOVERNMENT CODE REQUIREMENTS In adopting the 2000-2020 General Plan,the City Council hereby makes the following findings that the 2000-2020 General Plan meets the requirements of the Government Code as it relates to the contents, preparation, and adoption of a general plan: 1. The 2000-2020 General Plan meets the requirements of Government Code Section 65302, regarding each of the seven mandated elements to the extent that the issues and conditions of each element are present in the Planning Area. 2. The 2000-2020 General Plan document is internally consistent and meets the requirements of Government Code Section 65300.5. 3. The portions of the 2000-2020 General Plan that address the issues required of a safety element were submitted to the State Division of Mines and Geology for its review pursuant to Government Code Section 65302.5. 4. The 2000-2020 General Plan meets the requirements of Government Code Section 65352.5 regarding coordination with agencies that provide water supplies. City Council Resolution 3 of 4 September 25,2000 SECTION 3— CERTIFICATION OF THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT AND ADOPTION OF THE 2000-2020 GENERAL PLAN 1. Certification of Final Environmental Impact Report(FEIR). In accordance with Section 15090 of the CEQA Guidelines,the City Council hereby certifies that(1)the FEIR and the has been completed in compliance with CEQA,(2)the FEIR was presented to the City Council and that said Council reviewed and considered the information contained in the FEIR prior to approving the 2000-2020 General Plan, and (3)the FEIR and the Findings and Statement of Overriding Considerations reflects the City Council's independent judgment and analysis.(The FEIR is attached as Exhibit"A,"and the Findings and Statement of Overriding Considerations is attached as Exhibit "B.") 2. Adoption of the 2000-2020 General Plan. The City Council does hereby adopt the 2000-2020 General Plan(attached as Exhibit"C")as the General Plan for the City of Redding. I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Resolution was introduced and read at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Redding on the 3rd day of October 2000 and was adopted at said meeting by the following vote: AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: Cibula, Kight, McGeorge, Pohlmeyer and Anderson NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: None ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS: None ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS: None ‘1,0/e ROBE-RT C. ANDERSON, MAYOR City of Redding ATTEST: FORM APPROVED: 2411frii.:49_, 41., 44 --410111N1=111110.- CONNIE ST ' OHMAYER f ityJClerk W. LEONARD WINGATE, C'p• orney by pz:1 ' 9-25-00 RES O\CC\GP-Adopt-FEI R-Certi fy.wpd City Council Resolution 4 of 4 September 25,2000 EXHIBIT "A" CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT Prepared by: CITY OF REDDING DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT J. LAURENCE MINTIER & ASSOCIATES EIP ASSOCIATES BROWN-BUNTIN ASSOCIATES, INC. DKS ASSOCIATES DONALD BALLANTI SCH #1998072103 Certified October 3, 2000 READER'S NOTE This document is the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) for the City of Redding General Plan and has been prepared in accordance with the procedural and substantive requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act(CEQA). It consists of: (1)summary of environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures; (2) written comments received during the public review period for the Draft EIR and responses to those comments;(3)description of changes made to the General Plan and DEIR resulting from recommendations of the Redding Planning Commission and adopted by the City Council; (4) minutes of the Planning Commission public hearing of June 27 and June 28, 2000, and the City Council public hearing of October 3, 2000,the date of certification of the FEW; and (5) the Draft EIR. The Draft EIR contains a full discussion of the purpose of the EIR,development assumptions,and other useful background information,as well as an assessment of the potential impacts and mitigation measures associated with development under the General Plan. TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT SECTIONS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES CHANGES TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT RESPONSE TO COMMENTS MINUTES OF PLANNING COMMISSION AND CITY COUNCIL PUBLIC HEARINGS DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT INTRODUCTION 1 The Purpose of this EIR 1 Relationship of the General Plan and EIR 2 Use of this EIR as a Program EIR 3 Forecasting, Degree of Specificity, and Speculation 5 Organization of this Document 6 CHAPTER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND IMPACT SUMMARY 1-1 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Project Objectives 1-1 1.3 Project Setting 1-1 1.4 The General Plan Preparation Process 1-4 1.5 Summary of the General Plan 1-5 1.6 Project Alternatives 1-13 1.7 Impact Summary 1-14 1.8 Issues of Controversy and Issues to Be Resolved 1-16 1.9 Notice of Preparation 1-16 CHAPTER 2 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT ESTIMATES 2-1 2.1 Geographic Basis for Analysis 2-1 2.2 Existing Conditions 2-1 2.3 Holding Capacity Estimates (Buildout) 2-2 2.4 Holding Capacity (Buildout) and 2020 Estimates 2-6 2.5 Buildout Year Attainment 2-12 CHAPTER 3 LAND USE, HOUSING, AND POPULATION 3-1 3.1 Land Use and Land Use Plans 3-1 3.2 Housing and Population 3-11 -i- TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT CHAPTER 4 TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 4-1 4.1 Streets and Roadway System 4-1 4.2 Public Transportation 4-19 4.3 Nonmotorized Transportation 4-22 4.4 Air Transportation 4-25 CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES 5-1 5.1 Water Supply and Distribution 5-1 5.2 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal 5-10 5.3 Storm Drainage 5-15 CHAPTER 6 OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES 6-1 6.1 Law Enforcement 6-1 6.2 Fire Protection Services 6-4 6.3 Schools 6-7 6.4 Parks &Recreation 6-11 6.5 Solid Waste 6-17 6.6 Electricity 6-20 6.7 Other Public Utilities 6-24 CHAPTER 7 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 7-1 7.1 Water Resources 7-1 7.2 Agricultural Resources 7-7 7.3 Wildlife Habitat 7-11 7.4 Mineral Resources 7-25 CHAPTER 8 HEALTH AND SAFETY 8-1 8.1 Seismic and Geological Hazards 8-1 8.2 Wildland and Urban Fire Potential 8-5 8.3 Flooding 8-8 8.4 Hazardous Materials 8-14 8.5 Airport Safety 8-16 8.6 Air Quality 8-19 8.7 Noise 8-27 CHAPTER 9 MANDATORY CEQA SECTIONS 9-1 9.1 Introduction 9-1 9.2 Requirements for Alternatives 9-1 9.3 Selection of General Plan Alternatives 9-2 9.4 Evaluation of Alternatives 9-3 9.5 Significant Irreversible Effects 9-13 9.6 Growth-inducing Impacts 9-13 9.7 Cumulative Impacts 9-13 9.8 Mitigation Monitoring 9-14 -ii- APPENDICES Appendix A: Notice of Preparation Appendix B: Year 2020 Traffic Projections Appendix C: Noise Appendix D: Bibliography and Persons Consulted Appendix E: Report Preparation -iii- LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1-1 City of Redding Regional Location 1-2 Figure 1-2 Primary and Secondary Growth Areas 1-3 Figure 4-1 Transportation System 4-2 Figure 4-2 Peak Hour Level of Service Standards 4-6 Figure 4-3 Anticipated Roadway Improvements by Year 2020 4-11 Figure 4-4 Roadways in Excess of LOS Standards 4-13 Figure 4-5 Potential Intersection Improvements 4-11 Figure 5-1 Water Service Areas 5-2 Figure 5-2 Sewer Service Areas 5-11 Figure 5-3 Hydrologic Basins 5-16 Figure 6-1 Redding Police Department Crime Beats 6-2 Figure 6-2 Fire Station Response Areas 6-5 Figure 6-3 City of Redding 115kV Electric System Future (20 Year) 6-7 Figure 7-1 Creeks 7-2 Figure 7-2 Prime Farmland 7-9 Figure 7-3 Planning Area Habitat Types and Locations 7-12 Figure 7-4 Mineral Resources 7-26 Figure 8-1 Liquefaction Potential 8-2 Figure 8-2 Wildland Fire Hazard Areas 8-6 Figure 8-3 100 Year Floodplan 8-9 Figure 8-4 Inundation Area for Shasta Dam Failure 8-11 Figure 8-5 Inundation Area for Whiskeytown Dam Failure 8-12 Figure 8-6 Redding Municipal Airport Safety Zones 8-18 Figure 8-7 Examples of Sound Levels 8-28 -iv- SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION SIGNIFICANCE TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFTER SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES MITIGATION Land Use The proposed General Plan will disrupt the existing Potentially CDD 1A, 1 B, 1 C, 1 D, 1 E, 1I, 1 J, Less than physical arrangement by allowing for industrial, significant 3B, 4F, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9B, significant commercial,and residential,as well as recreational 9C, 9D, 10A, 11B, 11H, and natural resources uses. Further,the proposed 13B, 13C, 14A General Plan has the potential to conflict with MN 1,3 adjacent land uses or cause a substantial adverse T 5A change in the types or intensity of existing land use N 2C,2F,3A,3B,3D patterns. This land use change is considered a significant impact to the existing and surrounding land use condition. Housing and Implementation of the General Plan would result in Potentially CDD 1A, 1B, 1C, 1J, 10C, 10E, Less than Population the need for approximately 14,800 additional significant 11H significant dwelling units to accommodate projected increases H I A, 1 B, 1 C, 2A, 2B, 2C, in population through the year 2020. Sufficient 2D, 2E, 2F, 3A, 3B, 3C, residential lands and necessary programs need to be 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 5A, identified to accommodate growth in all income 5B,5C,6A,6B,7A,7B segments. Streets and Development through 2020 under the General Plan Significant T I A, 1B, 1 C, 1 D, 1 E, 3A, Project Roadway will result in unacceptable capacity deficiencies at 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G, less than System numerous street segments and at several 4A,4B significant; intersections. cumulatively less than significant Public Implementation of the proposed General Plan Potentially T 9A,9B,9C,9F Less than Transportation Diagram may have a long-term impact on existing significant CDD I OC, 10D, 10F significant or planned transit and facilities and services. Although implementation of the General Plan will not directly disrupt, interfere, or conflict with existing or planned operations,future development will introduce demand to areas not currently planned for transit service. Nonmotorized Future development will create additional demand Potentially CDD 4D, 10F,SC6 Less than Transportation to the bicycle/pedestrian circulation system in areas significant T 6B,8A,8B,8G significant not currently planned to accommodate such R IIA, 11D, 11E facilities. Air New growth from the General Plan will create Potentially T 10A, 10B, IOC, 10D Less than Transportation additional demand for air transportation services, significant significant both commercial and general aviation. Increase in airport operations can impact adjacent land use and may overburden airport facilities. Water Supply Plan implementation will result in increased Potentially CDD 1A,2A,2B,2C,2E Less than and demands on existing water supply and the need for significant NR 2A,2B,2C,2D,3A,3C significant Distribution water infrastructure improvements. PF 5A,5B,5D,5F Wastewater Plan implementation will result in the generation of Potentially CDD 2A,2B,2C,2E Less than Collection, additional wastewater within the City that will significant PF 6A,6B,6C,6D,6E significant Treatment, increase demands on the existing collection and and Disposal treatment facilities. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION SIGNIFICANCE TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFTER SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES MITIGATION Storm Future development will result in the installation of Potentially CDD 2A,2B,2C,2E Less than Drainage impermeable surfaces in currently undeveloped significant HS 2F,2G significant areas,thereby increasing local runoff volumes and PF 9A,9B,9C,9D,9E,9F velocities which may exceed the capacities of existing storm drains and lead to increased flooding. Law Creation of additional demand for sworn officers Potentially CDD 2A,2B Less than Enforcement over the life span of the Plan to maintain acceptable significant PF 2A,2B,2D significant level of police protection. Fire Creation of additional demands for firefighter Potentially CDD 2A,2B,2C Less than Protection personnel and equipment to maintain acceptable significant HS 4A,4K significant Services levels of service. Schools Creation of additional students will place additional Potentially CDD 2D Less than demands on the schools. Future students will significant significant require future classroom space currently deficient within the district. Parks and Increased demands for City parks and recreation Potentially R 4A, 4B, 4C, 4E, 4F, 4G, Less than Recreation facilities. significant 4H,4I,4J,4K,4L,4M,5A, significant 5B,5C,5D Solid Waste Future growth and development allowed and Potentially CDD 2B,2E Less than projected under the General Plan will generate significant PF 8A,8C,8D significant additional demands on the local landfills. Electricity Creation of additional demand and usage of Potentially CDD 2F Less than electricity and construction of new distribution lines significant PF 7A,7B,7C,7D significant as development occurs in currently vacant areas. Water Future development under the provisions of the Potentially NR 1C, 1E, 1G,11,3B,4A,4B, Less than Resources General Plan could result in the degradation of significant 4C significant surface and groundwater quality due to urban runoff. Agricultural Implementation of the Plan will result in a loss of Significant NR 15A, 15B, 15C Significant Resources prime agricultural land designated as Important (project and Farmlands by the State Important Farmlands cumulatively) Inventory(IFI). Wildlife Plan implementation has the potential to affect Significant CDD 4A,4B Project Habitat species of animal or plant or the habitat of the NR 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B, 6C, less than species;diminish habitat for fish,wildlife,or plants. 6D, 6E, 6F, 8A, 8B, 9A, significant; 9B, 10A, IOB, IOC cumulatively less than significant Mineral Significant deposits of Portland cement concrete- Potentially NR 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E Less than Resources grade aggregate resources exist within the urban significant significant area. Development under the General Plan could result in substantial land use conflicts and/or a substantial reduction of the availability of aggregate deposits. Cultural Potentially significant impacts to archaeological Potentially NR 12A, 12B, 12C, 12P Less than Resources resources which currently exist within the City and significant R 3A,3B,3C significant its Planning Area. Potentially significant impacts to historic resources. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION SIGNIFICANCE TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFTER SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES MITIGATION Seismic and Future development in accordance with the General Potentially HS 1A, 1B, IC Less than Geological Plan may expose persons and structures to significant significant Hazards groundshaking and liquefaction. Wildland and Development in accordance with the General Plan Potentially HS 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, Less than Urban Fire may expose persons to increased risk of wildland significant 4G,4H,4I,4J,4K,4L significant Potential fire hazards. Flooding Development in accordance with the General Plan Significant HS 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, Less than may expose persons to flood hazards. 2G,2H significant Hazardous Development under the General Plan may increase Potentially HS 8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, 9B, 9C, Less than Materials both the number of businesses that utilize significant 9D,9E,9F,9G, IOA significant hazardous materials and the amount of hazardous materials transported on local roadways. This can lead to increased risk of exposure to residents of the city. Air Quality Implementation of the Plan will result in Significant Goal 1,Obj Ia,Pol 1 Significant exceedance of ambient air quality standards and Goal 1,Obj lb,Pol 7, 11 (project and contribute to an existing or projected air quality Goal I,Obj 1 d,Pol 14, 15 cumulatively) violation. Goal 2,Pol 17, 18, 19,20,21 Goal 2,Obj,2a,Pol 22,23,24, 25,28 Goal 3,Pol 2a,30 Goal 4,Pol 31,32,33 Airport Safety Two public airports are located within the existing Potentially HS 7A Less than Redding city limits-Redding Municipal Airport significant significant and Benton Airpark. Development under the General Plan may place additional persons at risk from potential airplane crashes. Noise Plan implementation will result in short-term noise Significant N 2A, 2B, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, Less than impacts associated with construction activities. 2H, 2J, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, significant Increased traffic volumes will result in potentially 3E,3F,3G,3H,3I significant noise impacts to residential areas located near State highways and arterial streets. Plan implementation will result in noise impacts in the currently undeveloped areas by increasing ambient noise levels. CHANGES TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT MINOR CHANGES TO THE GENERAL PLAN AND EIR The Public Hearing Draft General Plan was made available to the public during the public review period of the DEIR. The Redding Planning Commission reviewed the Draft General Plan and EIR during a public hearing held on June 27 and 28,2000. During the public hearing,modifications were made to the Draft General Plan in response to public comments. Presented below is a brief description of changes made to the Draft General Plan,together with revised policy language,where appropriate. The nature of the changes made is not of a scale or nature that materially affects the conclusions of the DEIR; therefore, the.DEIR was not recirculated for public review. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN ELEMENT CDD4F. Design open-space accessways to complement existing development and, where applicable, protect the privacy and security of adjoining residences. CDD5A. Establish appropriate development standards along those stream corridors depicted in Figure 1-3 in order to: ► Promote the aesthetic value of the adjacent natural area. ► Provide public views and access to the stream corridor. ► Protect the privacy and security of adjacent residences. HILLSIDES (Paragraph prior to Goal CDD7) Development, as a result of open-space policies established in 1970,has established a well-defined pattern of open space in and around the City. These areas, generally floodplains (see"Waterways" above) and steep hillsides, have remained largely undeveloped and thus provide an important network of interconnected "greenways" throughout the community. Hillside areas also provide further relief from urbanization and lend a natural feel to the community. In order to effectively minimize erosion and the visual impacts which can result from excessive grading in steeper hillside areas, careful consideration should be given to the design and construction of projects on sites containing average slopes of 8 percent or more. The following policies are designed to ensure that the visual and ecological integrity of areas containing steep slopes and important ridges is maintained. Some degree of vegetation modification may be necessary for wildland fire management. CDD7B Establish hillside development standards to: (1)decrease allowable residential densities as the slope of a development site increases; (2) limit site grading on steep slopes; (3) require use of multiple levels, where appropriate, so buildings are set into and step down the hill;and(4)minimize disturbance of native trees and other vegetation outside the building, yard, and driveway areas, while providing appropriate levels of wildland fire protection. Require revegetation of disturbed areas. Ilk a a . . • . •• '. • 'Me .. ... • • . . , . .1 - , . .. • . .1 . . ••• . • • • ■ . , .. , . 1 . , ..1 , . . usablc opcn spacc. CDD12E Adopt a Property Maintenance Ordinance or other appropriate mechanisms to address: ► Building maintenance. ► Yard maintenance. ► Fencing. ► Maintenance of vacant properties. ► Assistance programs under appropriate circumstances. ► Vegetation management fuel-reduction areas. CDD16B Provide sufficient right-of-way for sidewalks and street-side and median landscape and necessary utilities along new arterials and new collector streets. Install such improvements with the construction of the street where appropriate. CDD18C Establish a mechanism to systematically underground distribution lines in existing neighborhoods and commercial areas as funding sources are identified. NATURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT GOAL NR2 DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLIES FOR DOMESTIC AND FIRE- SUPPRESSION PURPOSES. NR6A. Preserve watercourses,vernal pools,riparian habitat, and wetlands in their natural state . '. ' . . . ' . to the extent feasible. Fully mitigate unavoidable adverse impacts such as wetland filling or disturbance. OPEN SPACE (Last paragraph, prior to Goal NR10) As discussed in detail within the Health and Safety Element, the Redding Planning Area contains several natural features which are considered hazardous for development. These include areas containing excessive slopes(greater than 20 percent)and areas within the 100-year floodplain of the Sacramento River or its tributaries. In the interest of public safety and to reduce the potential for loss of life or property damage from wildland fires or floods, it is essential that development restrictions be applied within these hazard areas. NR10B. Preserve land publicly dedicated under Policy NR1OA as open space. Development in these areas will be restricted to passive, low-impact uses that minimize removal of existing vegetation and maintain or increase the existing habitat value,while providing adequate protection from wildland fires. NR13E. Outside Critical Mineral Resource Overlay areas(but within areas classified as Mineral Resource Zones MRZ2a and/or MRZ2b by the State Division of Mines and Geology), mining may be permitted in the in-stream, floodplain, or gravel bar areas of a river or creek provided removal of sand and gravel is: ► Conducted during a declared civil or hazardous material emergency or natural disaster to relieve or correct potential hazards to the public health, safety, or welfare caused by such emergency or disaster. ► For removal of dredger tailings for reclamation purposes only. ► To protect a public structure, such as a bridge, when it is determined to be necessary by the public entity responsible for said structure. ► To remove a buildup of sand and gravel to maintain the channel capacity and prevent flooding. For Items 2,3,and 4 above,the use permit and reclamation plan for mining of said areas shall be based on a stream management program, prepared by qualified professionals in appropriate disciplines,which includes data and analysis to show that: • There will be no significant adverse impact on in-stream habitat; riparian habitat;wetlands;or rare,threatened,or endangered species of fish,wildlife, or plants. • There will be no significant adverse impact on existing structures, including bridges or levees. • There will be no significant increase in bank erosion,deposition,or flooding. • There will be no significant adverse impacts to surrounding properties, including,but not limited to,noise,visual impacts,dust,and similar impacts. HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT HS4F. Construct emergency-vehicle access routes to open-space areas at optimal locations within developments. HS4G. Develop a comprehensive vegetation management and weed abatement program for open-space areas, including those that are located in existing subdivisions and in new development areas. HS4H. Establish Consider establishing a program to construct and maintain fire-access roads in ravine areas considered to have a very high fire danger to enhance the ability to suppress wildland fires. These roads need not be surfaced and may also function as part of the City's trail system. Erosion and impacts to native vegetation and natural features shall be minimized. HS4I. Amend subdivision regulations to ensure that cul-de-sac lengths are generally no greater than 600 feet and . • . • • • • . • that sufficient emergency- vehicle turnaround areas are provided. Longer cul-de-sacs may be considered if fire-protection measures, such as residential fire sprinkler systems, are incorporated to ensure the safety of residents and emergency-response personnel. HS4J. -• . . .. • . . . • • ., . . . . .. •' • . • . .1, ••• poiiits of access. Generally require each residential development having 50 or more dwelling units and each commercial development employing 150 or more people to have at least two connected points ofpublic access as maybe determined necessary by the Fire Marshal. RECREATION ELEMENT (Paragraphs prior to Goal R4) Open-Space Areas are usually maintained in a relatively natural condition and provide for extremely low-impact,passive recreation uses. These areas often contain steep slopes, floodplains, scenic viewsheds,or sensitive habitats. Given the natural condition of these areas,open space is not considered as "dcvcluped parkland" under Goal R4. Beyond acquisition of adequate parkland,another important issue to the community is the need for full development of the land that is acquired. Therefore,policies have been incorporated supporting construction of new or undeveloped park sites. In order to ensure that an adequate amount of improved parkland is provided as growth and development occurs,many jurisdictions adopt specific standards which identify the community's desired level of improved parkland acreage per 1,000 population. Within the City of Redding, the desired standard is ten acres per 1,000. This figure includes: developed and undeveloped parks that are owned and maintained by the City,such as Small and Large Neighborhood Parks; Community Parks; Special Purpose Facilities; parkland adjacent to schools in instances where the land is publicly owned; and parkland and play areas associated with school-owned recreational facilities, where long-term,joint-use agreements have been established; trails; private, improved open-space areas within residential developments; and private neighborhood parks. Not included are f school facilities where no long-term,joint-use agreements are in effect, and(2)open space . , .• . • • , • • • • • • - .. .. , ... .• '• I • • . , .. • I • . J .• ••. 11•1 •• I I I ' . is itsti ictcd. GOAL R4 PROVIDE A MINIMUM OF TEN ACRES OF DEVEbePED IMPROVED PARKLAND PER 1,000 POPULATION AND A BROAD RANGE OF FACILITY TYPES. R11F Design bicycle and trail systems in a manner that protects the privacy and security of adjacent land uses, allows for easy maneuvering, and promotes user safety. PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES ELEMENT ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING SERVICE LEVELS (Paragraph prior to Goal PF1) The types and levels of public facilities and services that are provided in a community often affects not only an individual's thoughts about the quality of life that the community offers,but can have a direct impact on economic development efforts. Cities which maintain higher levels of services and facilities typically foster a good deal of civic pride among their residents, and leave a positive impression with those who visit. As Redding continues to evolve into a regional urban center, it is essential that existing service and facility standards be maintained and/or improved. Strategies should also be implemented which ensure that desired facilities and services are provided in the most efficient and cost effective manner possible. The facility and service thresholds that follow are intended to guide planning and funding decisions, but not to be proscriptive in nature. General Plan Diagram Changes Based on public comment, the City Council made several minor changes to the General Plan Diagram. Tables 1-2 and 1-3 represent the residential and nonresidential holding capacity of the General plan based on those minor changes. Table 1-2 General Plan Holding Capacity Residential Land Uses Land Use Designations Assumed Typical Acres Dwelling Units Population' Residential Density RESIDENTIAL(dwelling unit per acre [du/a]) 1 du/5 ac 1 du/5 ac 5,776 1,155 2,726 1 du/1 to 5 ac 1 du/2.5 ac 9,643 3,857 9,103 1-2 du/a 1.5 du/a 3,990 5,985 14,125 2-3.5 du/a 2.75 du/a 12,485 34,334 81,028 3.5-6 du/a 4.75 du/a 2,143 10,179 24,022 i 6-10 du/a 8 du/a 1,741 13,928 32,870 10-20 du/a 15 du/a 1,006 15,090 35,612 20-30 du/a 25 du/a 33 825 1,947 TOTAL N/A 36,817 85,354 201,433 ' Assumes an average of 2.36 persons per dwelling unit. NOTE: Development of mixed-use projects within the"Mixed Use Overlay"Districts and in the Downtown area would increase the buildout population by approximately 10,000 to 15,000 persons. Table 1-3 General Plan Holding Capacity Nonresidential Land Uses Land Use Designations Maximum Comml/Indus Typical Comml/Indus Acres Assumed Comml/Indus Floor Area Ratio Floor Area Ratio Square Footage(x1,000)2 COMMERCIAL Limited Office .35 .20 140 1,220 General Office .45 .35 557 8,492 SUBTOTAL 697 9,712 Neighborhood Commercial .30 .25 69 751 Shopping Center .30 .25 178 1,938 Regional Commercial .30 .25 469 5,107 General Commercial .30 .25 1,124 12,240 Mixed Use Core 2.00 1.00 121 5,271 SUBTOTAL 1,961 25,307 HEAVY COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRY Heavy Commercial .35 .30 1,190 15,550 General Industry' .40' .30 3,282 42,889 Heavy Industry' .50' .40 2,084 36,312 SUBTOTAL 6,556 94,751 OTHERS 3 Airport Service .40 .30 1,228 3 Pub.Facilities/Institutional .40 .35 3,126 Greenway N/A N/A 21,889 N/A Park N/A N/A 1,158 N/A Recreation N/A N/A 51 N/A SUBTOTAL 25,452 TOTAL 36,666 129,770 i ' Maximum Floor Area Ratio(FAR)of.60 allowed for low employment industries(e.g.,warehousing,wholesaling,or distribution). 2 Based on expected typical floor area ratios. 3 Uses do not lend themselves to estimation since most properties will not fully develop or will remain undeveloped. Those acres that do not have a classification number 1,017 (State highways and Union Pacific Railroad). RESPONSE TO COMMENTS WRITTEN COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT EIR AND RESPONSES Responses to comments are prepared in accordance with State CEQA Guidelines Section 15132, which specifies that responses be provided by the Lead Agency to ". . . significant environmental points raised in the review and consultation process . . ." Therefore, responses are not necessarily provided to comments on the General Plan itself. Table 2 provides a complete list of agency and individuals commenting and an index number to their letter and corresponding responses. TABLE 2 AGENCIES/INDIVIDUALS SUBMITTING WRITTEN COMMENTS LETTER NUMBER COMMENTER LETTER RECEIVED DATE State of California Department of Transportation C-1 Andrea Redamonti June 2, 2000 Local Development Review District 2 State of California(1) C-2 Department of Conservation June 8, 2000 Jason Marshall Assistant Director C-3 Weld-Brower&Associates May 23, 2000 C-4 State Clearinghouse June 7, 2000 C-5 Bryan Hill June 28, 2000 C-6 Susan Weale July 27, 2000 (1) Comments received after close of required 45-day public comment period. Responses have been provided, however. 8-8-00 GP\FEIR-Rev.wpd STATE OF CAl IFORNIA BUSINESS TSF ANSPO 4ND HOUSING AGENCY GRAY DAVIS;Goyemor DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION P.O. BOX 496073 LETTER C-1 REDDING, CA 96049-6073 iw PHONE (530)225-3369 FAX (530)225-3271 IGR/CEQA Review Sha-Var-Var City of Redding General Plan Update Draft EIR SCH# 1998072103 June 2, 2000 Mr. Kent Manuel, Senior Planner City Of Redding Development Services Department 777 Cypress Avenue Redding, CA 96001 Dear Mr. Manuel: Caltrans District 2 has completed review of the Draft Environmental Impact Report submitted on behalf of the City of Redding, for the comprehensive update of the City's General Plan. The plan, when adopted, will establish City policy governing how growth and development will occur in Redding over the next two decades. Caltrans is particularly interested in the transportation planning roles of local general plans. In evaluating a City's General Plan, we look for the following areas to be emphasized: o Coordination of planning efforts between the City and Caltrans; o Preservation of transportation corridors for future system improvements; and o nevelopment of coordinated transportation system management plans that achieve the maximum use of present and proposed infrastructure. We commend the City for including these areas in the General Plan analysis. However, in reviewing the Transportation and Circulation section (Chapter 4 ) of the study, we have the following specific clarificiations: • On page 4-3 under the Congestion Management Plan (CMP), the study states that 1 Shasta County CMP uses the standard LOS "E" for its CMP system. This is confusing since the State used a LOS "C" and the City of Redding used a LOS "D". • On page 4-9 under Assumed Future Improvements, although needed, number 7 is 2 not a correct assumption since this improvement is not programmed. Mr. Kent Manuel June 2, 2000 Page 2 • On page 4-12 Table 4-7, the location for roadway SR 299E should read "East Street 3 to 1-5" not Auditorium Drive to I-5. Also, the location for roadway Auditorium Drive should read "at SR 299" not SR 273. This table should also include the Eureka Way/Market Street intersection. • On page B-2 Table B-2 number 6, two-way travel on Eureka Way has yet to be 4 shown as a traffic benefit. • On page B-3/4 Table B-3 Roadway Operating Conditions, the LOS for Quartz Hill 5 Road to Benton Drive (SR 273) is "F"; the LOS for Eureka Way at Pine Street to Market Street (SR 299E/SR 299W) is "D" or lower. Also in regards to the SR 44 Roadway/Segment, the Level of Service "B" for 1-5 to Hilltop and Hilltop Drive to Friendly Lane may be worse due to the existing weaving problem. • On page B-11 Table B-4 Short Term Traffic Signal Projects, number 7 may not be a CBD revision. 6 • On page B-12 Table B-5 Intersection Level of Service Summary, in regards to the PM Peak Level of Services for 2020 Modeled Conditions, we found the following inconsistencies: 7 ➢ California Street/Eureka Way intersection is "D" according to the City's study. ➢ "A" is not the correct LOS for the Court Street/Eureka Way and East Street/Tehama Street intersections. ➢ The Market Street/Eureka Way intersection is "D" or lower. ➢ The Market Street/Lake Boulevard intersection is "F" according to Caltrans analysis. ➢ The Market Street/Trinity Street intersection is "D" according to the City's analysis. We would also like to mention that any work that would encroach into, on or over Caltrans right of way will require a Caltrans encroachment permit. Part of the permit process includes compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act, which may require additional studies. Thank you for providing us the opportunity to review this project. If you have any questions regarding the above comments, or if the scope of this project changes, please call me at 225-3369. Sincerely, $ 0 ANDREA REDAMONTI Local Development Review District 2 LETTER C-1 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 1. Comment noted. The City of Redding has used its discretion in establishing a level of service (LOS) threshold of"D," citing concerns of the financial costs and unacceptable disruptions associated with maintaining an LOS "C" standard. 2. The Shasta County Regional Transportation Planning Agency(RTPA)has placed this link on the RTPA project list to be completed in 2016. The RTPA assumed network was used as the base network for purposes of the traffic analysis. 3. Comment noted. Changes will be made to correctly identify road segments. With respect to the Eureka Way/Market Street intersection, please see Note 1 on Table B-3. 4. Comment noted. A special study is currently under way that will determine the effectiveness of this configuration. The level of detail for this analysis is beyond the scope of a general plan- level study. 5. Comment noted. It has been assumed that a weaving analysis will be conducted by the Department of Transportation. Note also that the scope of such analysis is beyond that typical of general plan-level traffic studies. 6. A Caltrans "value team" analysis indicates that the signal will be required. 7. The intersections noted are part of downtown street revisions. A special study has been completed that provides more reliable projections of traffic loads and movements at these intersections. Accordingly, the results of that analysis (as indicated in the comments) will replace those of the citywide traffic study in Table B-4. GP\EIR-RspToCmts.wpd State of California i ria Resources Agency MEMORANDUM LETTER C-2 To: Project Coordinator Date: June 5, 2000 Resources Agency RECEMB Mr. Kent Manuel City of Redding 777 Cypress Avenue JUN 0 y 2000 Redding, CA 96001 DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT From: Department of Conservation PLANNING DIVISION Office of Governmental and Environmental Relations Subject: Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) for the City of Redding General Plan Update — SCH #1998072103 The Department of Conservation's Division's of Land Resources Protection (DLRP) and Mines and Geology (DMG) have reviewed the referenced DEIR. DLRP monitors farmland conversion on a statewide basis and administers the California Land Conservation (Williamson) Act and other agricultural land conservation programs. DMG maps mineral resources and geology hazards. We offer the following comments with respect to these natural resource issues for your consideration. Agricultural Land Conservation and IWlliamson Act The DEIR notes that direct and potential conversion of prime farmland is a significant and unavoidable impact of the project. However, the DEIR does not provide detail on the exact number of acres to be converted. Neither does the DEIR discuss mitigation measures beyond reference to general plan policies on agricultural land use. None of the policies listed involve mitigation for the loss of farmland to urbanization, but state zoning policies (e.g., use of the Williamson Act and a five-acre minimum parcel size for agricultural uses). We recommend that the DEIR quantify the agricultural land conversion impacts of full general plan implementation, including acreage and quality of agricultural land that will be directly converted to urban uses, as well as growth-inducing and cumulative impacts. The DEIR should also provide information, including maps, on the acreage and types of land protected by Williamson Act agricultural preserves and contracts in or adjacent to the planning area. Project impacts on Williamson Act lands should be documented. Also, a reasonable range of mitigation measures that directly address the loss of agricultural land due to general plan implementation should be discussed. One mitigation tool that is being increasingly used by California lead agencies is the purchase of agricultural conservation easements (PACE). For example, the City of Davis, Counties of Sacramento and Sonoma, and the community of Salida in Stanislaus County, rely on conservation easements to mitigate for the loss of farmland to development. Typically, the ratio of farmland lost to farmland Project Coordinator and MI. Kent Manuel June 5, 2000 Page 2 protected by easements is 1:1, with mitigation acreage being of equal agricultural quality as that lost. In addition to the direct purchase and donation of easements by the developer, the City of Davis allows the payment of a mitigation fee that is later used by the City to purchase conservation easements on farmland to accomplish local farmland protection policy objectives. Other mitigation measures to lessen the farmland conversion impacts of the project could include: • Directing urban growth to lower quality soils in order to avoid valuable agricultural lands. • Increasing home density, or clustering residential units, to allow a greater portion of the planning area to remain in agricultural production. • Promoting in-fill development to avoid expansion onto farmland. • Establishing buffers such as setbacks, berms, greenbelts, and open space areas to separate farmland from urban uses. • Implementing a right-to-farm ordinances. If you have question with respect to the Williamson Act or agricultural land conservation issues, please contact DLRP Associate Planner Ms. Emily Kishi at (916) 324-0859. Mineral Resources The aggregate availability map shown in the 'Mineral Element' of the proposed City of Redding General Plan Update bears little resemblance to the aggregate resource maps 2 published by DMG. DMG's Report, Mineral Land Classification of Alluvial Sand and Gravel, Crushed Stone, Volcanic Cinders, Limestone, and Diatomite within Shasta County, California, contains maps and analyses of the mineral resources in the planning area, including a description and classification of the quality and amount of mineral resource deposits (Dupras, D., 1997, DMG Open File Report 97-03, 185 p., 13 plates). Plate 4 of OFR 97-03 displays 'Aggregate Resource Areas' in the Redding vicinity. This map shows that regionally significant portland cement concrete-grade aggregate resources occur within the proposed general plan area. These resources are not addressed in the 'Mineral Element' of the proposed general plan update. We recommend that the general plan rely on OFR 97-03 in developing its mineral resource conservation policies. The DEIR should describe the mineral resources of the planning area, again, using the maps and analysis of OFR 97-03. The DEIR should discuss impacts of proposed urban growth on significant mineral resource deposits (e.g., Mineral Resource Zone-2 for portland cement concrete-grade aggregate). This discussion should include an assessment of projected supply of, and demand for mineral resources in the region. Finally, the DEIR should discuss mitigation measures and project alternatives that would avoid or lessen significant loss of documented mineral resource deposits due to urbanization. Project Coordinator ancu iv ,(ent Manuel June 5, 2000 Page 3 For technical assistance with respect to mineral resources, please contact DMG Associate Engineering Geologist Mr. Don Dupras, (916) 323-0111. Geologic Hazards We recommend that the caption for Figure 8-1 be corrected; this is a ground motion 3 map, not a liquefaction potential map. While the discrepancy should be corrected, both types of maps would be useful in the Safety Element, as appropriate. On page 8-1, an editorial correction is needed for the statement "The strongest reported quake for this fault is a magnitude of 3.5 miles." This is likely intended to read moment magnitude, Mw, or possibly surface-wave magnitude, Ms. In any event, the sentence would be accurate simply revised as: "... magnitude of 3.5 miles." When the draft of the Safety Element is completed, it should be sent directly to the Geologic Hazards Program, Division of Mines & Geology, 801 K Street, MS-12-31, Sacramento 95814-3531, for review and comment in compliance with Section 65302(g) of the Government Code. (Section 65302(g) requires that cities and counties consult with DMG on the preparation of general plan safety elements.) You may telephone Senior Engineering Geologist Mr. Robert H. Sydnor at (916) 323-4399 for further information about the Safety Element. Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the DEIR. If you have questions on our comments please call me at (916) 445-8733. ( , i I II •'1! 1`, Jason Marshall Assistant Director cc: Western Shasta RCD 3294 Bechelli Lane, Redding, CA Luree Stetson, Assistant Director Division of Land Resource Protection Robert Hill, Senior Geologist Division of Mines and Geology— Mineral Resources Michael Reichle, Supervising Geologist Division of Mines and Geology LETTER C-2 DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION 1. The Draft Environmental Impact Report(DEIR)provides a breakdown of agricultural acreage by type for the Planning Area. The analysis contained in the document notes that 1,300 acres out of a total of 5,109 acres of prime farmland is assumed to be eventually converted to urban uses (page 7-10, "Impacts"). The majority of these lands are surrounded by urban uses, particularly those located in the south-central portion of urban area. These lands are primarily used as irrigated and dry pasture for the grazing of livestock. Given the nature of surrounding development and the relatively small size of the agricultural parcels, more intensive agricultural operations would result in substantial land use conflicts. It should be noted that the Shasta County Assessor's office has determined that there are no active Williamson Act Contracts within the City's Planning Area. The General Plan's future urban area was formulated, in part, to protect viable agricultural lands. Specifically,the very productive agricultural lands of the"Churn Creek Bottom"in the far southern portion of the Planning Area have been excluded from the future urban area. It is the policy of the City to recognize these valuable lands and the rural lifestyle they provide to area residents. The General Plan includes provisions for encouraging infill development and increasing residential densities in the Downtown and other areas of the community. In many cases, the Plan calls for development of financial and other incentives to ensure that these goals are attained. The intent of these policies is to restrict the physical growth of the community to ensure that public services remain affordable and that impacts to agricultural and other resource lands are minimized to the extent feasible. An example of the aggressive nature of these policies can be seen in a comparison of the future urban area as defined in the General Plan and the current "Sphere of Influence" (SOI)adopted by LAFCO. The SOI encompasses approximately 106 square miles. The urban area represented by the "Primary and Secondary Growth Areas"depicted in the General Plan is only 81 square miles,a reduction of 24 percent. 2. As cited as a reference in Chapter 1 (Project Description and Impact Summary),page 1-4,the City produced the General Plan Background Report in May 1996 (updated in 1998). That report served as the foundation for policy development by describing the existing conditions in the Planning Area, including mineral resources. The discussion in that document is based on Division of Mines and Geology's (DMG)report,Mineral Land Classification of Alluvial Sand and Gravel, Crushed Stone, Volcanic Cinders, Limestone, and Diatomite within Shasta County. Included is a map depicting the Mineral Resource Zones MRZ2a and MRZ2b within the Planning Area. That report includes an assessment of the projected supply of and demand for mineral resources in the region. It indicates that current known concrete-grade alluvial aggregate reserves within Shasta County are calculated to be approximately 30.3 million tons. Based on an historic aggregate consumption rate of 8.0 tons per year,the report estimates that current known reserves are likely to be depleted within 17 years. The DEIR mineral exhibit (Figure 7-4)was used because it provided additional information on mineral resources,including gas bearing strata and load and placer gold mining areas.Given that this exhibit does not entirely match the classification boundaries as provided in the DMG report referenced above, the DEIR is hereby amended to include the attached revised Figure 7-4. It is important to note that most of the locations where Mineral Resource Zones have been identified within the Planning Area may not be suitable for extraction activities either because of adjacent urban development that has already occurred or the presence of sensitive habitats. The amount of material that is not available for extraction is unknown. Revised Figure 7-4 identifies those areas classified Mineral Resource Zone 2. However, the areas most appropriate for mining are located along Clear Creek in the southwest quadrant of the Planning Area and an area adjacent to the Sacramento River in the vicinity of Clear Creek. The Draft General Plan Diagram incorporates a "Critical Mineral Resource Overlay" for the areas identified above. The Plan includes policies that allow aggregate mining in these locations and restricts the establishment of incompatible land uses in their vicinity. Draft General Plan policies currently preclude aggregate removal operations other than in those areas identified by the Critical Mineral Resource Overlay. Given concerns expressed by the Department of Conservation regarding the economic importance of aggregate resources, an additional policy is hereby added to the Natural Resources Element and by extension,the EIR as follows: NR13E. Outside Critical Mineral Resource Overlay areas (but within areas classified as Mineral Resource Zones MRZ2a and/or MRZ2b by the State Division of Mines and Geology),mining may be permitted in the in-stream,floodplain,or gravel bar areas of a river or creek provided removal of sand and gravel is: 1. Conducted during a declared civil or hazardous material emergency or natural disaster to relieve or correct potential hazards to the public health, safety, or welfare caused by such emergency or disaster. 2. For removal of dredger tailings for reclamation purposes only. 3. To protect a public structure, such as a bridge, when it is determined to be necessary by the public entity responsible for said structure. 4. To remove a buildup of sand and gravel to maintain the channel capacity and prevent flooding. For Sections 2, 3, and 4 of this policy, the use permit and reclamation plan for mining of said areas shall be based on a stream management program,prepared by qualified professionals in appropriate disciplines,which includes data and analysis to show that: a. There will be no significant adverse impact on in-stream habitat;riparian habitat; wetlands; or rare, threatened, or endangered species of fish, wildlife, or plants. b. There will be no significant adverse impact on existing structures, including bridges or levees. c. There will be no significant increase in bank erosion, deposition, or flooding. d. There will be no significant adverse impacts to surrounding properties, including, but not limited to, noise, visual impacts, dust, and similar impacts. 3. Comment noted. Revised map will be placed in the General Plan via errata memo and will become part of the DEIR through this response(revised map attached). 4. Comment noted. Correction will be made to the General Plan via errata memo. For purposes of the DEIR,the second sentence under Section 8.1,"Surface Rupture Hazards From Faulting," is corrected to read: The strongest reported quake for this fault is a magnitude 3.5. GP\EIR-RspToCmts.wpd J I SHASTA DAM to 0 P., N W t o I r I 3 I w �C cy o �• I fR `{ 9 ti u A _ F t4u 1� ANL SHASTA DAA Z ; G COLLEGE 299 E r SR � ,y F'9 IFA . co,„,, . o AVIII r^ ,...„__ __..„..„41,. ..,.„,,,_„.4.,,,,4„..N . 1 J.,A..A,,,, ,.,:.. i r IJ1:14:::;1.,'l41,t, IC I r J IJ�F �� SR �'+,,�..i y OLD ALT RAS ?99 W 01111g17.04r1M ;:�► . .Ai% w/ 0 : .. ..lit,., t eG,� 1,41/4.-,1,...,,--1 1w 8.,:.:.:—., , hi SR 4A Lt, tyi F z 1■s . < Joc� l ' J. U s 0 ,t `-Ii it cQ I\: RANCHO R1HS �s ct u ¢ 2b i} 1yr Z a — ,,�t.,.:-, m ig.4} z REDDING gJ•.'q -: ...'../,1 .� t'4' AWA/+ \.m'.',!iig 2a u Z AIRPORT F gg� V 4 \ qk%7J" L Jq y 2b h tet` ,f DERSCH ' ��--- 4749' \ r 1:n Z PLAN AREA BOUNDARY ses r s • I`•SGP\MIRZ JULY 1998 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: DIVISION OF 7-4 MANES AND GEOLOGY MINERAL LAND CLASSIRCATIONS WITHIN THE N.T.S. REDDING PLANNING AREA WELD-BROWER & i-,-__ :IATES vo - CIVIL - TRAFFIC ENGINEERING LAND PLANNING / SURVEYING VIRGIL M. WELD, PETHOMAS E. BROWER LETTER C-3 Page 1 of 2 May 23, 2000 RECEWC l! ' Job No.: 200-89-09 JUN I : 2000 Cityof Redding OEVELO4MN`N�p�lS 0 fl�'T PIAS Planning Commission 777 Cypress Avenue Redding, CA 96001 Attention: Chair &Members of The Commission Subject: General Plan and EIR Dear Chair and Members of The Commission: This is being submitted in addition to our verbal comments at your meeting of May 23,2000,because we believe that there needs to be consistency,between what you are reviewing today and what you have previously acted on.. One item that concerns us greatly is the road alignment for the future extension of Churn Creek Road As depicted on the land use diagram of the Draft General Plan,this road is shifted to the west which leaves a gap on.the eastside that is designated GO. To the best of our knowledge there has never been an intent to designate any of our clients property with this land use. We are to believe that when you acted to have a specific plan and EIR prepared for the Oasis Road area that the only thing that was different from the existing general plan and zoning was the addition of service commercial(SC) to the property lying east of Salt Creek Another item that is of considerable concern to us is the alignment of Twinview Boulevard lying southerly of Oasis Road. All previous depictions of this road have been much more curvilinear and held to the existing alianmPnt of Twinview Boulevard further to the north. As shown,the al"anmPnt does not conform to the topography and renders a significant portion of the property useless for the planned regional shopping facility. Another item that concerns us is the Natural Resources Element. When you look at Figure 3-2, 2 Fisheries, we can't tell from the legend whether Salt Creek is a fishery or not. If not, what is its designation? The legend does not tell us. When you look at the legend on Figure 3-3, River and Creek Corridor Buffer Widths, you will note that there is not one that matches the designation for Salt Creek. Again,we can't tell what the designation is. So far we have not been able to find these same figures in the EIR so we are uncertain as to the extent that the EIR is addressing these items. P.O. Box 493958 • Redding, CA 96049 • (530) 221-6920 • FAX (530) 221-6988 • E-Mail wbassoc@c-zone.net Job No. 200-89-09 May 23, 2000 Page 1 of 2 It is our belief and understanding that the EIR is to address the land uses and other matters in the General Plan and identify the impacts and mitigations. To this end we are quite concerned that during your deliberations and making findings that you do so based on reasonably accurate figures and diaorams. Thank you for letting us address you regarding this important task you are undertaking and we look forward to working with you throughout the process. Very truly yours, Virgil M. Weld, P.E. Civil Engineer CC: Don Levenson P.O. Box 493958 • Redding, CA 96049 • (530) 221-6920 • FAX (530) 221-6988 • E-Mail wbassoc@c-zone.net u- J - t �cQ�tl,.Se;ashiight • _���_ ���. i /.. ,, — .•-..1 Wednesday, 0. August 16, 1;,_., .N. .+ ;' N.. ....._ ' ORDINANCE Nor iNS rsr— gnu ..1..... ORDINANCE OF THE CiTY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF • '- ` 'S DING AMENDING SECTION 18.06.020 OF THE REDOING ff 1. �w��: rI L CODE RELATING TO THE, PREZONING OF '• f,-•1 + • *.^ 1621.,.=,.= — T REAL PROPERTY ,ADJACENT TO THE CITY OR `-);I''- ;�--- - s'}.'1 _ger. 'r 1 f� i %[ O v (RZ•4-88). • i I . Peg 12•r �1 !4 a 1; Ae City Council Of the City of Redding does hereby ordainas "�•''• ;r" .t. ".„ t'-"' 3: iR.r Sr �l lctlon I. The boundaries of the districts referred to In Section l , c •' / •'111 .020 of the Redding Municipal Code as designated ono Mao m e:•s�o•riTzi ur,•�.,. led "Zoning Mao of the City of Redding, California," dated �` LL` :h 19,1 956. areherebyI l ""�`� '"' ,� altered as follows: 1. _ %W.�;. Al, -�!r•.- That Areas A. B. C, D, E•I, and E•2 as shown on Figure 1 I • •+� \ ; • !1i '? i',^ '!'",it . ' attached hereto be rezoned as set forth in the Rezoning m 1., -' . '� " 1 Designations attached hereto and incorporated herein by r; +l1T ,, ow v�.r 'I r :_ • reference, subloct to the site-plan-review criteria set forth I� \,...* , -- I below each designation; and ►�'�' •�I�+• '•? Thai the areas to be rezoned are more particularly,shown `•"` •"., w'•^'••• «..O i ; on the maps attached hereto and Incorporated herein by - rLt__.__�_r • `�"'"'•" 1101"' �•• ' reference, marked Figures 1 and 2 and Exhibit A.act "- "f""" )rt1onEIR 11-87,andoherebyil hcertifiess vthhaat Environmental addresses the �`/�/i �3 C'�, � Icts Identified with this rezoning, and that the changes or 1 . ow •aborts have been required in, or Incorporated Into, the prolect / / ra -- �,,,,,, h ovoid or substantially lessen the significant environmental i . ^9 •1••• at•••••• :t as Identified In the final E I R. . e 3 1•'••••.•1. •••• �•�� action 3. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this ( .•1/. ��� Oa 111411 nonce and cause Its oubliction according to law. _vr- / +++• •+'•r+►' HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Ordinance was •' f educed and read at a regular meeting of the City Coniai� •-- CIty of Redding on the 18th day of July, 1989, and was cdlu of ,- ;o- and adopted on The,1st day of August, 1989, at a regular : ~'�--•= g ting of the City Council by the Following vote: -LW/ , I I 1 AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: Buflum, Dahl, Fulton �Ow'^�� @ 11,11 ' °� s: tr^•�• j &Carter / "`" I 1 tars/" 3ra s :• NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: None //' I 3SENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS: Johoftnessen I Z i� ;6, A 11 STAIN: COUNCILtMtEeMBERS: None • SCOTT CARTER, Mayor I e T y N' 's . . Rilitc, � ri. •� r , City of Redding ' ' fn ,i . . ., y �:y; 1! r� ,el A. Nichols �. • f, i ;'rYI) x. EL A. NICMOLS o rn — 4.4.....-,-.....-- ELY- -- •I+ Clerk 2 . u,.,• Ecd• Ewen. AA APPROVED; ndail A. Hari i r ' . • • uvta,or MOPE ITT' . g5IAMiliiii . .. DALL A. HAYS • . . • • • , Attorney N • •' REZONING DESIGNATIONS •`; ��� .- SUBJECT TO THE SITE•PLAN•REVIEW CRITERIA SET / \\..I.re,...i4 :i." . \ -� FORTH BELOW EACH UNIT '' ' ar a •+. aRZ-4.68 ` • ,.• . .ArF ram. "U"and "U-FP" UnclassifleNFloodotaln District : •• :46 _, Z • �:• To: "C4-B10-F" Central Commercial Distrlc!�� S ' Site Plan Review Criteria: All develoomont shall be generally 1--� : . y , , In accordance w{th Exhlblt A and shall require that a use � .�•, •.•4' permit be first obtained pursuant to the agreement dated t( T + •O.n • • ' , J utY;18, 1989. 2 `^�-�� L..y+� •:• Area 8' From; "U•FP" Unclasstfled/Floodaloin District ` • I4 eI` 1 : i'C • V To; "U•FP•F" UnclesslflecyFloodpialn'District ' % • • Site•Plan Review Criteria. There shall not be any residential ...tr., �� ' ^ + 8 v4 ••. .. •,• ' density credit for any area sublect to flooding by a iOD` � ...,. , ' A�.0 Year flood event. • , .1 fir, ,�� •'.' .-•••-�• .\ ••• A "U-FP" �.•y� � �.`*` ;� From: Unclauif(edil>~loodplain District '��� ., .. To:'"RM-12•F" 6 F.— ` T jr 4 I``� . ..-• r , '�. Site Plan the mlu flplCe-itamlalY Development of iM to consistent f v`� .�' .n. i Plan., , ,.) - ,...� ' ,`\ `. �'. ' .Area D' ' Frain: "U-FP" UnclassM loodplain District . 11 Site Pian Review Criteria: Development Is to be consistent //ff ‘� {r. i_ j with the multiple-family standards of the Oasis Road Area 1 r...N 1 igriat''E•1l and Es ` . ‘,,,;:,... .)-:••• • t.0 . I ' Prom; "U-FP" Unclaulfied/Floodpialn District •• •:r+. '.1.:.,' • .� L . 'U-F" Unclassified District ate. Plan Review Criteria: These areas are not to be used to determine residential density for development of fts� i.,j. 1iJ1 'e pOD, *%,- • I II A44° ''`. ' ' c . ,0,-. 1 ., a / ,a - • .1 - r'° 1 0 lit , — _,,::, iec1 1 I� litl � V/ \ ILLII e E Ti1i \ M! N,i" , 1 0 C S � • 1,Ao „II . N \ . 'i a r I 2 $ %Ill' ' 'e jsi+r°nemai ..}� 6r�.��43 ; °° .• /, •• `� 4. •• / N� til D`c '►�..A.°i80 A� D i a6v D' ' ' bi r fa ° WL 0 of Ib., f e e 1 1 +yi L� p l I.' )1‘:.- ii 99 9 0 DEygIAPMEIIT PLAN DE�MBER r_P' ff tr- � r '( a (((1ly gcDa v0 .- ^ ♦ - SEWER ASSESSMENT MAY I? 1' 1/ - `e•""a01. �-° ! a �� '� 19, °.. a SEALERN SALT MEET"DIST _DECEMBER I7E2 �A � .0 $.11011 . REALIGN SALT CREEK DECEMBER 17e� • e%�•' `� \\ � ..:i T 0 �• GEIIERAI PUN ADMENDMENr �� • `� 41AND E•I.K• APRR_ " , ' :rct MEE ISM (� •11�`TI' PEzoN\ Y •'�1+ \,r PPP �. t v ` ` a REZONMB BY CRT COUNCIL-MAY L, IrJ'B� iyL.° t \ b °'� o--8 ! i� _ \.(1.\\11,\• �\711 \ ^� a ��., i1, r'`• el iii c�' \ S •lir 1 E -19110 • a •� (F O tT j. l { II;f/j ci. /IF.,G161 1•. ,.:' k il\tf;:b, .:" lc. '11 tor77;/3/1 . /.17 /' '). : 0 ! 6° a NI: 7. rc ,oe EP 4 t el _116" " \. ji 4 ,. 1 1 11?.I\.1: ..\ ..: 44 o e iJ// • \ t si I. OWNER J//, ° (Fi1 NORMAN CENTURY rARK (�E �� Cf 4y eD oi 11�� -e, • . •G6 NO CENTURY 1450 E. SUIT • J _�_ 0'_' 0 y;-�,' /cite.. .. a 111 i Lol ANGELES,CA. 50ea7 Q{IRiN CREER ROAD.. -1 1, EXIST-CHAIINEL. CAS.O R/RI/ 110 PY I� / ..1 EXIST.100YR.FLGOCI COLBURN TIIOIAASOIJ I / / TLAIN� - / /' 000 e1 wf•I PARCEL B II J. — 1 V /`../ - !;, / RE1LeEI°EH �� pI1W.'e L ) J'j / ,<..;;:' ,y . Q SALT CP,EEK CI-IAIINEL \ �� / • ;' /�/ Z.T IJ / U /r '&. I II / „,',/,,Z;,-.$,2{,.. I I GOLD4V_.104 I I . 1 NIL / .�4 ti • ` \1 Ar ! �� HILLS I \ s i 1!:r,;'• %, ,,,,,4 1111— ol I ”• ',I ` \ YENTATIVE MAF'PP.EPARED_MA IS N.` EL A I ,,i:. 1 i •I• r1. \ qI, N, GOLF \ eit l.: �� I Ip.rtI YE1LR .. FL It'71 rL.n1N� / S r i • / / • / • ` "ARE // 1 1 GROSS f 11/ ! FLOOD / "AR rA D" 1RM-IZ F l'in / / GRO55 ARBA 29.5 AC• % FUTURE/ I FLOOD PLAft� 1.8 AG. Loo° P`RM-IZ f CZ-BIO-F Z7.7 AC. 1 (FUTURE REZONE) FLOOD PLAIN t.1 AC. n CZ-510-F 2i.fi • AC. � � I A I ! 1Z 1111 I ' \r: 1 % \ / / 1 //// > 1 i • A I GROSS A FA ig.$ AG. i FLOOD PLAIN 4.3 AC. "AREA A" C2-B10-F 14.0 AG. ,_. (1 C2-B10-F (F{lrVRG REZOP4 ) AIN 12.2 AC. FLOOD "'LAIN !.I AG. 1 ..� C2-BIO•F K.2, , I FLOO 1 1 RM-11 ZiorcyR E "AREA 5" 1 P M-Ii r 73 C2-55A-F 35.OAC. PI / / pm / / J 1 I 'I I r \IIII . 'Tr-1i � I I Z ! 1 m J. 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 / J 1 1 . 1 1 L1c 1 1 1 I yr II G 5-6-88C1Ttl MM p uS $TTID - ;C 1-.200' If :TES �V R tDATEVQ 1N[LD-MOIMOlIlAy01D1E1O alt KMJK I Q 7f Bk rz faMlajelagGial., DT: 118 sew HILLTOP 01 .0T[. •-itJ r NY DATE REvu DATE:_. -R.C.E. . o.. .1«.t1-am RED LETTER C-3 WELD-BROWER&ASSOCIATES 1. Comment noted. The alignment of these arterial streets is intended to be schematic in nature. Further,the DEIR does not evaluate the impacts of their design or construction. The comment is considered to be related to the Draft General Plan, not the DEIR. 2. Comment noted. Corrections to the figures(attached)have been published as part of an errata document for the Draft General Plan. Since the DEIR does not contain these figures,but only refers to them in the General Plan, their correction in the Plan satisfies the concern of the commentor. G P\E IR-RspToCmts.wpd - ' • STATE OF CALIFORN IA� .fte�~ � • Governor's Office StateClof Plearinanninghouseand Research \ „.,:.�r '`� ,,) Gray Davis Steve Nissen GOVERNOR LETTER C-4 ACTING DIRECTOR June 6,2000 Kent Manuel City of Redding 777 Cypress Avenue Redding,CA 96001 Subject: City of Redding General Plan Update SCH#: 1998072103 Dear Kent Manuel: The State Clearinghouse submitted the above named Draft EIR to selected state agencies for review. On the enclosed Document Details Report please note that the Clearinghouse has listed the state agencies that reviewed your document. The review period closed on June 5,2000, and the comments from the responding agency(ies)is(are)enclosed. If this comment package is not in order,please notify the State Clearinghouse immediately. Please refer to the project's ten-digit State Clearinghouse number in future correspondence so that we may respond promptly. Please note that Section 21104(c)of the California Public Resources Code states that: "A responsible or other public agency shall only make substantive comments regarding those activities involved in a project which are within an area of expertise of the agency or which are required to be carried out or approved by the agency. Those comments shall be supported by specific documentation." These comments are forwarded for use in preparing your final environmental document. Should you need more information or clarification of the enclosed comments,we recommend that you contact the commenting agency directly. This letter acknowledges that you have complied with the State Clearinghouse review requirements for draft 1 environmental documents,pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act. Please contact the State Clearinghouse at(916)445-0613 if you have any questions regarding the environmental review process. Sincerely, Terry Roberts Senior Planner, State Clearinghouse Enclosures R E C E U IEJ cc: Resources Agency Jt;“ 2000 DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT PLANNING DIVISION 1400 TENTH STREET P.O. BOX 3044 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95812-3044 916-445-0613 FAX 916-323-3018 WWW.OPR.CA.GOV/CLEARINGHOUSE.HTML Document Details keport State Clearinghouse Data Ba ir • SCH# 1998072103 Project Title City of Redding General Plan Update Lead Agency Redding, City of Type eir Draft EIR Description The City of Redding initiated its General Plan Update program in the fall of 1995,when it retained a multidisciplinary consulting team headed by J. Laurence Mintier&Associates to assist the City in its comprehensive update effort. The consultants have interviewed City officials, and the General Plan Task Force held four town hall meetings to identify issues of concern. The City published a Draft Background Report describing existing conditions and trends in Redding in June 1996. The next major step in the update process was preparation of the Issues and Alternatives Report. The purpose of this report was to solicit direction from the Task Force concerning major issues to be addressed in the updated General Plan. The Task Force provided direction after a joint meeting with the Planning Commission and City Council. This direction serves as the policy framework for drafting the new General Plan. Lead Agency Contact Name Kent Manuel Agency City of Redding Phone 530-225-4029 Fax email Address 777 Cypress Avenue City Redding State CA Zip 96001 Project Location County Shasta City Redding Region Cross Streets Citywide Parcel No. Citywide Township Range Section Base Proximity to: Highways Airports Railways Waterways Schools Land Use Project Issues AestheticNisual;Agricultural Land;Air Quality;Archaeologic-Historic; Flood Plain/Flooding; Forest Land/Fire Hazard; Minerals; Noise; Public Services; Population/Housing Balance; Recreation/Parks; Sewer Capacity; Soil Erosion/Compaction/Grading; Solid Waste;Toxic/Hazardous;Traffic/Circulation; Vegetation;Water Quality;Water Supply;Wetland/Riparian;Wildlife; Growth Inducing; Landuse; Cumulative Effects; Drainage/Absorption Reviewing Resources Agency; Department of Conservation; Department of Fish and Game, Region 1; Office of Agencies Historic Preservation; Department of Parks and Recreation; Department of Water Resources; Caltrans, Division of Aeronautics; California Highway Patrol; Caltrans, District 2; Regional Water Quality Control Bd., Region 5(Redding); Native American Heritage Commission;Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy; State Lands Commission; Department of Housing and Community Development Date Received 04/20/2000 Start of Review 04/20/2000 End of Review 06/05/2000 Note: Blanks in data fields result from insufficient information provided by lead agency. LETTER C-4 STATE CLEARINGHOUSE 1. Response acknowledges compliance with State Clearinghouse review requirements for draft environmental impact reports. GP\EIR-RspToCmts.wpd LETTER C-5 These comments are submitted on behalf of the Mother Lode Chapter of the Sierra Club. They are arranged so that they address both Comments about the General Plan's contents as well as CEQA compliance issues. This is appropriate cause the Plan is a self- mitigating document. Simultaneously presenting comments about both the Public Hearing Draft General Plan and the EIR ensures continuity and prevents comments from being presented out of context. The assumptions on page 5 indicate a projected city population of 126,500 and a Planning Area population of 126,000. Since the City is part of the Planning Area, I believe that the statement would be clearer if the Planning Area population was stated as 252,500 with 126,500 of those people residing within the City limits. The alternatives on Introduction page 10 were not really addressed by the General Plan 2 Task Force. Instead the two mixed-use alternatives were removed without a bona fide attempt to develop either alternative. They were presented by staff only as large projects, which were unrealistic for this city at this time. Smaller scale mixed use alternatives were never discussed. One example was requested by Ed Gorge at the June 27 hearing, and referenced an area on Old Alturas Road at Victor Avenue. Staff told the Task Force that a transportation model was performed and showed no appreciable difference between the various alternatives. However, this is an invalid excuse because: (1)The Land Use Diagram was not prepared until long after the transportation model was allegedly performed. The Land Use Diagram would have been necessary to perform the transportation model. (2) The mixed-use alternatives would have required separate Land Use Diagrams because they represent a different type of land use than the other two alternatives. Using the same land use data for each of the alternatives necessarily produces the same results for each alternative even though the land use patterns are different. The General Plan should incorporate statements that indicate where when and how mixed use can be accomplished rather that just stating a few locations where it can be incorporated into new development. Mixed-use opportunities need to be better incorporated into redevelopment as well as new development. Since these alternatives were discussed in the Public Hearing Draft General Plan, they should also be addressed by the EIR. There is no substantial evidence in the record to show that they were either adequately developed or considered. An inappropriately performed transportation model does not suffice for substantial evidence. The alternatives discussed in the EIR were never discussed in the Task Force deliberations, and it is unclear exactly what review they received. They appear to have been added into the Public Hearing Draft to accomplish pro forma compliance with CEQA's requirement to consider alternatives. There is no substantial evidence in the record to show that they were ever considered as equal to the preferred alternative. Community Design Element The first sentence of column 2 on page eight says that uses commonly associated with •. residential areas such as churches, schools, parks, residential care facilities and child care facilities are not specifically addressed within the residential area definitions. Where are they specifically addressed? It is unclear whether or not these uses would be allowed in a residential area. Policy CDD 1 G departs from the existing policy of requiring annexation prior to 4 extending services beyond the city limits. It is incompatible with Goal CDD1.The term extraordinary circumstances needs to be defined by standards and criteria so that the growth inducing impacts are controlled. Since this new goal has growth inducing impacts, those impacts need to be discussed in the EIR. Since this goal has the potential to increase the urbanization of prime agricultural soils it also needs to be specifically addressed in the statement of overriding considerations. Policy CDD2A says that the City will ensure that development pays its fair share. What 5 is "fair share?" Sewer and water services cost a greater per gallon cost as development increases the distance between the residences and the plants that provide services. Garbage collection, emergency and electrical services cost more per residence as density decreases and distance increases. Are these additional unit costs factored into the fair share? Policy CDD3 A allows minor encroachments into natural flood plains and hillside slopes exceeding 20%. What is a minor encroachment? What are the appropriate standards referred to in the last sentence of this policy? Figure 1-2 shows an extension of the Sacramento River Trail through Churn Creek 7 Bottom and Figure 1-5 shows that the City intends to acquire land and construct a park in Churn Creek Bottom southwest of I-5 and Knighten Road. What are the extraordinary circumstances that require the city to extend recreational services outside the City limits? Policy CDD11F requires owner occupation as a prerequisite for allowing guesthouses 8 and second residences. Is owner occupation a required permanent condition that will remain with the property after it is sold or transferred to a new owner? CDD 11G needs to clarify where flag lots will be considered in character with the 9 I neighborhood. CDD11H should be expanded, in the interest of fairness to all City residents, by adding 1 0 that the City intends to achieve an equal distribution of multiple family housing throughout the City so that no one neighborhood is forced to accept more than its fair share of multiple family housing. Staff should expand the Striking a Balance report by performing an analysis of a variety of housing mixes to see if there is a housing mix that approaches fiscal neutrality. If there is a mix of multiple family and single family housing types that reduces the cost of providing services, the city should consider adopting that mix as the dominant paradigm for residential development. CDD13A need to clarify what will constitute sufficient grounds for a General Plan 1 11 Amendment. This policy needs to be expanded so that it includes industrial land uses. I Transportation Element Figure 2-2 is inconsistent with the text. Several transportation links shown on the map 12 are not included in the text. The Figure also shows five new bridges across the Sacramento River, but Policy CDD4E says that expanding existing bridges will be given priority over building new bridges. The Transportation Element does not address expanding existing bridges. The Figure shows the extension of two streets, Hartnell and another unnamed future collector between Canyon Creek Rd. and Hwy 273. Both of these extensions are outside of the secondary growth boundary. Hartnell is even extended beyond the Planning Area boundary. Several of the links shown in Figure 2-2 are not described in the text. Economic Development Element The Economic Development Element is inconsistent with the Community Design 13 Element. The Goal CDD 10 strives to locate employment places in or near residential neighborhoods. Policy CDD l OC seeks to reuse under utilized parcels. These requirements are not placed upon industrial land uses. They are placed upon other land uses in CDD13A. These requirements were deferred to the Economic Development Element, but the Economic Development Element omits them. ED3C comes close to supporting CDD10, but it falls short by not directing incentives toward the available industrial parcels in the 273 corridor which the Plan refers to as obsolete in design and function. Increasing development and acquiring new lands northeast of the airport is inconsistent with the concept reusing under-utilized parcels. There is no demonstrated need for such an expansion, and the location of the Knauf facility belies the statements of clear and present need for large industrial parcels. ED3D needs to be expanded to include less tangible benefits, such as community 14 aesthetics, health and safety, supporting transit development and supporting mixed-use development. A pollution/job creation matrix might also be helpful. Natural Resources Element NR3A needs to be expanded to include using retention basins that can be used as 151 recharge basins. NR6A needs to be expanded so that the City can protect vernal pools from degradation 1 6 resulting from OHV use. Language defining the permission either given directly or tacitly, to operate OHV's on a parcel is a land use subject to land use controls. Mitigation should include location criteria as well as size and type so that the vernal pool resource is adequately represented in its spatial context. This would be consistent with NR8. NR6D project specific setbacks need to consider the potential for nutrient or pesticide 1 7 rich urban runoff to significantly impact the riparian areas. Thresholds of significance for the cumulative impacts of fertilizing riparian corridors with such runoff need to be adopted. Health and Safety Element HS8 needs a policy to consider the impacts of new development on emergency service 1 8 provision. Response times to new development need to be based upon actual time required to travel to the locations, and include worst case scenario times as well. The City should also consider the impact on existing neighborhoods so that emergency services are not diminished as a result of new development. Bryan K. Hill Shasta Group, Sierra Club 6 -7' LETTER C-5 BRYAN HILL 1. Comment noted. The comment addresses a population projection contained in the Public Hearing Draft General Plan. The correct figure is 113,500 and was corrected by errata memo dated June 20, 2000. 2. Comment pertains to alternatives that were developed for the General Plan Task Force to foster discussion on various growth strategies. They were not intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 15126.6 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) guidelines. This section requires the development and analysis of alternatives". . .which would feasibly attain most of the basic objectives of the project but would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project. . .." Development of alternatives that satisfy Section 15126.6 were completed subsequent to analyzing the impacts associated with the project. To clarify the purpose of the alternatives considered by the General Plan Task Force,paragraph 3 of page 9-3 should be revised as follows: "Through numerous Task Force meetings during 1997 and 1998, City Staff and the General Plan Task Force reviewed alternatives presented in the Issues and Alternatives Report and developed the proposed project for the General Plan. The Task Force alternatives were schematic in nature and were intended simply to foster discussion about possible growth strategies. They were not intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 15126.6 of the CEQA Guidelines. Following is a description of four alternatives to the proposed General Plan developed to comply with Section 15126.6." 3. This comment does not pertain to the environmental effects of the General Plan. For reference purposes, however, these uses are listed under policy CDD 11 E of the Community Development and Design Element. 4. "Extraordinary circumstances" typically involve issues of public health and safety or those which may further the goals and policies of the General Plan. An example of the latter would be providing services to an area outside the City which would lead to increased employment opportunities for area residents and/or provide specific economic benefits for the area. It would be highly speculative to predict the locations and extent of service provisions that could occur under Policy CDD 1 G. Extension of services,if approved at all,would have to undergo specific, project-level environmental review as required by CEQA. 5. Comment noted. Fair share is based on: (1) measures necessary to mitigate the impacts associated with the project and (2) contribution of appropriate impact fees. 6. Floodplain encroachment parameters are established by Chapter 18.42 of the Municipal Code. Its provisions limit encroachments that increase floodwater velocity and/or depth and/or which would impact adjacent properties. 7. Community Development and Design Element Figure 1-2 reinforces policy R1A of the Recreation Element. That policy calls for the extension of the Sacramento River Trail from Anderson to Shasta Dam. This would necessarily be a multi-agency project. Community Development and Design Element Figure 1-5 is intended to depict City-owned property along the Sacramento River. This reinforces Figure 7-1 of the Recreation Element that suggests development of a community park or special-purpose facility on the property. These facilities would provide valuable public access to the Sacramento River in accordance with Policies R1A, CDD4A, CDD4B, and CDD4C. 8. Comment noted. 9. Comment noted. 10. Comment noted. 11. Comment noted. 12. As indicated, several street links shown on Figure 2-2 of the General Plan are not included in the text. Appendix "A" of the Transportation Element and Table 4-9 of the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) are hereby amended to include the following links: STREET LOCATION TYPE Auditorium Drive Convention Center to North Market Street 2-lane collector Buenaventura Boulevard Eureka Way to Keswick Dam Road 2-lane collector Canyon Creek Road Blazingwood Drive to Placer Road 2-lane collector George Drive North terminus to Oasis Road 2-lane collector Kenyon Drive West terminus to Placer Road 2-lane collector Knighton Road I5 to SR273 2-lane collector Loma Vista Drive Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 2-lane collector Old Oregon Trail Old 44 Drive to Viking Way 4-lane arterial Palacio Drive Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 2-lane collector Santa Rosa Avenue Quartz Hill Road to Lake Boulevard 2-lane collector Shasta View Drive Rancho Road to Airport Road 4-lane arterial Shasta View Drive Collyer Drive to north City limits 4-lane arterial Unnamed Keswick Dam Road to Quartz Hill Road 2-lane collector Unnamed Akrich Road to Pine Grove Avenue 2-lane collector Unnamed Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 2-lane collector Unnamed Southeast Municipal Airport Service Road 2-lane collector Unnamed Eastside Road to Bechelli Lane 2-lane collector Venus Avenue Shasta View Drive to Airport Road 2-lane collector The comment notes two additional concerns: a. Bridge Expansion. It is important to note that traffic-circulation problems cannot always be resolved through capacity expansions. For instance, the extension of Buenaventura Boulevard north across the Sacramento River may be necessary to serve future growth in the northwest quadrant of the urban area. Relying solely on the expansion of downstream bridges would introduce significant new traffic in the downtown area that may not be able to be accommodated. Figure 2-2 shows those corridors where bridges are likely to be considered through buildout of the General Plan. b. Street Extensions Planned Beyond Growth Areas. The street extensions proposed are based on the needs of the Planning Area,not just the future urban area. The exhibits also acknowledge that roadways do not just "dead end" at political jurisdiction boundaries. 13. Comment noted. The General Plan Diagram,together with the policies of the Plan,provides for a mix of uses,including placing employment near residential neighborhoods. The policies of the Economic Development Element complement those of the Community Development and Design Element by suggesting the use of incentives and other measures to attract industry. The strategy of accommodating a range of uses in or adjacent to neighborhoods cannot be the sole driving force of economic development activities however. Often cited by the Shasta County Economic Development Corporation and other agencies,the lack of large, "ready-to- go" industrial sites has been an impediment to the City's ability to attract more employment opportunities to Redding. Given the relatively few large,undeveloped parcels in the Planning Area,the General Plan Diagram identifies the area east of the Municipal Airport for such uses. Redevelopment of other areas is certainly not precluded by the policies of the General Plan. 14. Comment noted. 15. Comment noted. The policy would not preclude the use of retention basins for recharge purposes. Further, the typical design of retention of basins does not create an impervious surface and allows percolation. 16. Comment noted. All actions of a private property owner are not under the review and control of a municipal entity. Should a property owner require a discretionary permit(i.e.,subdivision, use permit, grading permit) for intended actions, the City would be in a position to ensure proper compliance with all local, State, and Federal regulations. Disruption of vernal pools by a private landowner of the type described is under the jurisdiction of Federal agencies if there is a "take" of a listed species. 17. The stream corridor setbacks are consistent with the recommendations of the California Department of Fish and Game. Among the primary considerations in establishing the criteria is providing sufficient areas for"filter strips"between development and the riparian vegetation to protect the resource. 18. Comment noted. Policy CDD2B addresses this issue by ensuring that new development does not degrade service levels below established levels. G P\E I R-RspT oCmts.wp d LETTER C-6 June 27, 2000 Public Comments on EIR of Draft General Plan, City of Redding, CA Members of the Planning Commission, thank you for the opportunity to comment on the Environmental Impact Report for the Draft General Plan. My comments relate to the urban boundary, critical habitat for endangered species, trees, compatibility of the plan with the natural environment, and the implementation process. URBAN BOUNDARY In general, rethink and reduce the size of the Primary and Secondary Growth 1 areas. Confine new development to the existing city limits plus a much smaller primary growth area. New information about solutions for and costs of urban sprawl have become available in the past 12 months that were not known 5 years ago when this plan was begun. Current data on the exponential cost increase of infrastructure, maintenance and service per unit of development beyond the urban boundary is very disturbing. CRITICAL HABITAT FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES Re-examine sections in this report relating to riparian habitat. In my 2 opinion, many of the creeks in Figure 7-1 qualify as critical habitat for endangered species of steelhead and salmon under the Federal Endangered Species Act. Reference Final Rule for Designated Critical Habitat for salmon and steelhead in California, Federal Register, February 16, 2000. If I am correct, then the limits and prohibitions for development which are clearly stated in the Final Rule need to be a 'red flag', prominent inclusion in both this EIR and the City General Plan. I think this is a very serious omission and liability for the city. Specifically, small and seasonal creeks and streams flowing into the Sacramento River are now known to play a much more significant role in the life cycle of steelhead and salmon species than was previously recognized. Steelhead trout biologists at the Department of Fish and Game, Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service are recognizing that Rainbow Trout and Steelhead in the Central Sacramento River System (which includes the river and all tributaries from Keswick Dam south to the Delta) are just different life stages of the same species. In order to protect Steelhead, Rainbow must also be protected. Sport fishing is a valuable business to this community. Our planners need to know the source of this fish inventory and be eager to protect it. It is far less costly to preserve and protect all of our watersheds now than it is to pay for restoration later, if indeed restoration is possible. I am particularly concerned about the proposed extension of Canyon Creek road related to Country Heights Unit 15.-Please demonstrate your commitment to protecting sensitive and critical riparian habitat by making sure no road is built at the bottom of the canyon along Canyon Creek. Don't allow the creek bed, which supports endangered species of fish, to be used as a corridor for sewer lines for the housing development approved for the top of the ridge. Truly special consideration and critical habitat status should be afforded all the streams flowing into the Sacramento. This means, among other things, minimum 100 foot set backs for development, retention of natural vegetation, and no new road building near the creeks and streams. These small steams are the fibers of our water supply and the primary support system for our natural resources. 'Special:Consideration' should not mean road development alongside and sewer lines underneath these creeks as has been approved for Canyon Creek. Even more exasperating is that this road will go through the middle of a designated greenway. If the term 'greenway' is being used interchangeably with 'open space', Chapter 18.33 of the Zoning Code lists specific prohibited uses of open space. The Canyon Creek Road extension through the greenway violates the majority of prohibited uses. OAK WOODLANDS AS VALUABLE WILDLIFE HABITAT Page 7-13 says oak woodlands are not currently protected by city, county, or 3 State laws, ordinances, or codes. Is the City of Redding's Tree Preservation ordinance, Chapter 18.65 no longer in effect? There is ample evidence that it has not been regularly followed or enforced for many years. The essential role that a mature native tree canopy plays in filtering sunlight and pollutants is accepted science. At a time when our county's air quality is among the worst in the nation and our local electrical utilities are bracing for brownouts and outages during peak summer demands, why are we allowing the systematic and planned destruction of our urban forests and woodlots? Why especially are large acreage residential and commercial projects exempt from protecting our trees? The short-term profit and convenience of grading to flat is at the expense of the long-term health and infrastructure costs of the 2 entire community. Replacing(mitigating) mature tree removal at the rate of 2 water thirsty saplings per 500-sq. ft. of residential building is ridiculous. It will be decades before the canopy of the mitigating plantings will compare with that removed. In the mean time, over those decades, the entire community will suffer from poorer air quality and will pay for the water to irrigate the saplings and the electricity to artificially heat and cool the buildings that would have had natural protection were the native trees preserved. We need to preserve not just specimen trees and not just isolated stands of trees. We need to preserve continuous avenues and corridors of trees. What has happened to the tree preservation concept in the developments this City has produced in the last decade? Hundreds and hundreds of acres have been and are being denuded of every blade of grass, bush and tree. Examples of current deforestation are the ridge top developments on the West Side of town and virtually every major commercial and residential development built recently. Entire ridge tops have been defoliated and replaced with concrete. Houses build on the ridges have high ceiling windows that afford views of the canyons but have no protective shade trees and consequently require more air conditioning to cool. A conspicuous example of planned and approved deforestation is Country Heights Unit 15 on top of the ridge overlooking Canyon Creek. In excess of 100 contiguous acres of ridge top have been completely stripped of vegetation. What once was a rolling tree covered ridge top is now a flat, scalped mesa. A lush canopy of native trees is a quality of life issue for everyone - it guarantees cleaner air and cooler temperatures. There is ample parkland within the City's control; you just have to stop bulldozing it. Implementation Process If current and past practice are indicators of future implementation, then I 4 believe the reality of implementation of this EIR and the Draft Plan will not measure up to the goals and standards adopted and agreed upon. I would like the City to make changes to the implementation process to assure citizens that they won't have to be constantly monitoring to make sure plans, boundaries, uses and ordinances are being followed. There is a pervasive and uncomfortable perception that the publicly aired plans and ordinances that look good on paper take on a very different and less desirable character when implemented. 3 Some changes I propose: The Process of Approving Development The Notification (to adjacent property owners) Process 5 There are now fewer and fewer people having time in their long work hour lives to monitor their government. It is no longer adequate to send generally worded letters of proposed development or zone change projects to adjacent property owners. In the case of development proposed on large tracts of former BLM land, there sometimes are no adjoining property owners except the developers. When a proposed development will affect the character, traffic flow and topography of a neighborhood or area, wider notification needs to be made. And that notification needs to contain, in plain language, the nature and character of the proposed project. The notice should include proposed vegetation removal, additional infrastructure of roads, sewers and their location, and a qualitative assessment of how the character of the neighborhood will be affected. For large-scale projects, notification should be as widespread as perhaps the school district boundaries, utilize Web site notification, and post prominent and descriptive notices at project entrances. The EIA/CEQA Process The City of Redding is normally the lead agent under CEQA for projects within the scope of the City Plan. As lead agent the City is tasked with responsible implementation of the purpose and intent of the California Environmental Quality Act. In that role, an Initial Environmental Assessment must be done for defined projects. That the City of Redding assigns responsibility for the EIA to personnel who also must work closely and frequently with the builders and developers who's main goal is profitability and success of the project is, in my opinion, an inherent conflict of interest with no formal checks and balances. That the city's department structure does not even include a department of; office of; or desk of Natural Resources is evidence of the City's priorities. When the City does not do everything in its power to protect the quality of its air and natural resources which must support the roads, houses and business that are built upon it, then the health and quality of life of all the citizens suffers. Our planning process and implementation process must be improved. The Planning Commission Changes to municipal code should be made to ensure balanced 7 representation of voting members of the Planning Commission. Current code says the commission "shall consist of seven members who shall be either residents, employed within the city, or business owners within the 4 • city." Language needs to be added requiring representation that ensures balanced advocacy for natural resources, quality of life, arts and culture as well as commercial business. For far too long, the decision making process for land use planning has been unfairly weighted in favor of the real estate and land speculation/development interests. Summary Please reconsider confining development to the existing city limits plus a • smaller Primary Growth Area. Limit new developments that require new roads and infrastructure. Seek available federal and state funding to reclaim abandoned properties within the city limits. Consider the methods and successes of other cities such as Portland, Oregon whose population has doubled, but whose city land expansion has been only 2%. Its citizens, its builders and developers and its visitors like it very much! They know what to expect and there are no surprises when the bulldozers show up. Please demonstrate more respect for our air quality and natural resources by preserving our native oaks and protecting critical riparian habitat. The City has responsibilities under CEQA and the Endangered Species Act that it must take more seriously. Please make the decision making process for land use more inclusive. We must have strong advocates for the resources and life quality issues that cannot speak for themselves. Please take advantage of the truly wonderful natural resources our area is blessed with. Rather than following the examples of sprawl to the south of us, let's think 'out of the box' and look out of the state for more successful strategies. Susan Weale 5 LETTER C-6 SUSAN WEALE 1. Comment noted. Although costs associated with providing urban services is not an environmental issue per say, it should be realized that the purpose of the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas is to provide a mechanism which instills certainty as to areas that will develop in an urban fashion. One of the primary considerations is focusing efforts on infill- type development that can take advantage of streets and utilities that are already in place. Emphasis for new development will be on those lands within the Primary Growth Area. It should be noted that the Growth Areas are considerably smaller than the Sphere of Influence (SOI) for Redding adopted by the Shasta County Local Agency Formation Commission. The SOI is intended to define Redding's ultimate urban area. The Draft Plan reduces the urbanized area,thus reducing the costs of providing services that will occur with buildout of the General Plan. 2. Although,technically,many of the creeks in Figure 7-1 qualify as critical habitat for chinook salmon and steelhead under the Federal Endangered Species Act(ESA)by falling within the geographic boundaries for the Central Valley,these streams are not deemed to have"physical or biological features that are essential to the conservation of the species: or :require special management considerations or protection: (critical habitat definition in Section 3[5][A] of the ESA). In general, historically, there were few anadromous salmonid runs in westside tributaries of the Sacramento River with the notable exception of Clear Creek. There are no data that suggest that Canyon Creek supports any endangered or threatened species of fish. Winter-Run chinook salmon is the only Endangered salmonid species in the Redding area. Central Valley Spring-Run chinook salmon and Central Valley steelhead are listed as Threatened under the ESA. Activities in the General Plan are designed to avoid take of these species. Any activities that would potentially affect critical habitat will be addressed through the regulatory process of California Department of Fish and Game(CDFG), the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), and the National marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). CDFG 1600 permits,404 permitting with the Corps, and permits and consultation with NMFS (Section 7, Section 10,or Section 4[d]processes)will address impacts associated with stream crossing and utility construction. As a point of clarification, it is true that there is no identifiable genetic difference between rainbow trout and steelhead trout,but they are not "different life stages of the same species." Within rainbow trout,a difference in life history(resident rainbow or steelhead)is determined during the juvenile life stage. This "split" occurs when the juvenile rainbow/steelhead trout "chooses" to reside in the stream or begin the smolting process and migrate to the ocean. 3. Page 7-13 is in error. The first sentence of paragraph 4 is hereby amended to read: "Although blue oak woodlands are valuable as wildlife habitat,they are not currently protected by County or State laws, ordinances, or codes. The City adopted the Tree Preservation Ordinance(Chapter 18.65 of the Municipal Code)in 1990. That ordinance governs the removal of native, as well as exotic,tree species." It is important to note that the General Plan sets aside a significant amount of land as "Greenway,"which is essentially to remain undeveloped. These are lands that are either prone to flooding or contain slopes in excess of 20 percent. Approximately 20,000 acres are classified as "Greenway" within the Planning Area. 4. Comment noted. 5. Comment noted. The City uses, at a minimum, the requirements for notification established by State law. Often,the notification area is expanded if the project is likely to affect properties outside the minimum notification area. 6. Comment noted. 7. Comment noted. G P\EIR-RspToCmts.wpd MINUTES OF PLANNING COMMISSION AND CITY COUNCIL PUBLIC HEARINGS 1 Minutes of the Redding Planning Commission are BEDDING PLANNING COMMISSION transcribed in summary format. If you are interested in Regular Meeting,4 p.m. receiving detailed transcripts of the minutes, tape Tuesday,June 27,2000 recordings are retained for a period of two years. For City Council Chambers further information,contact the Planning Division of the 777 Cypress Avenue Development Services Department at(530)225-4020. Redding,California 96001 MINUTES Vice Chairman Mark Woodward called the meeting to order at 4 p.m., with Commissioners Gary Brickwood, Maureen Gaynor, Randy Memeo,Tina Swanson, and Fred Weatherill present. Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins arrived late. Also present were Development Services Director Jim Hamilton,City Attorney Len Wingate,and Senior Planner Kent Manuel. OVERVIEW OF THE DRAFT GENERAL PLAN AND PUBLIC HEARING PROCESS Vice Chairman Mark Woodward provided an overview of the Draft General Plan(Plan)and public hearing process. He explained that the Planning Commission was charged by law to make a recommendation on the Draft General Plan and Environmental Impact Report (EIR) to the City Council. Development Services Director Jim Hamilton provided a history of the General Plan Update process and the role of the General Plan Task Force. He noted that the responsibility of the Planning Commission was to accept comments on the contents of the Plan and EIR;consider specific requests for changes to the Plan from the public and staff and to accept,modify,or deny such requests in its recommendation to City Council;consider changes to the Plan that the Planning Commission felt were necessary to accomplish the goals outlined in the Plan;and,after consideration of all testimony and information contained in the record,determine if the Plan and EIR were ready to be forwarded to the City Council for consideration. PUBLIC HEARING-FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR THE CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN UPDATE(2000-2020) Vice Chairman Mark Woodward opened the Public Hearing regarding the Final EIR and for the 2000-2020 General Plan Update. Larry Mintier and Derek Damato of J. Laurence Mintier and Associates,1415 20th Street, Sacramento,gave a presentation on the legal requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act(CEQA)and the principal findings of the EIR,incorporated herein by reference. Senior Planner Kent Manuel advised that four letters of comment were received and were incorporated in the Draft EIB. Vice Chairman Woodward asked if anyone present wished to speak. Susan Weale, 9839 Swasey Drive,related concerns of urban sprawl and requested that the urban boundary be reduced in size and development confined to the existing City limits. She said many of the creeks referred to in the EIR qualified as critical habitat for salmon and steelhead under the Federal Endangered Species Act. She stressed the fact that the preservation of native oaks directly affected air quality and was a quality of life issue for the community. Ms.Weale opined that it was necessary to expand notification of proposed development to affected property owners. She contended that representation on the Planning Commission had been too heavily weighted in favor of real estate and development interests and should require balanced advocacy for natural resources, quality of life,arts and culture,and commercial business. Ms.Weale submitted the full content of her comments in writing,incorporated herein by reference. Ed Gorge, 1320 Old Alturas Road,asked how Federal law applied to the City's jurisdiction under the Plan. City Attorney Len Wingate explained that Federal law relating to environmental impact statements did not apply in General Plan proceedings because the project was not federally funded. 06/27/00 2 Seeing there was no one else wishing to comment on the matter,Vice Chairman Woodward directed staff to address requests for modification of the Public Hearing Draft General Plan. CONSIDERATION OF MODIFYING THE DRAFT GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DIAGRAM FOR THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS Hilltop Drive at East Lake Boulevard from "Neighborhood Commercial"and"Residential,6 to ITEM 3a 10 units per acre"to "Heavy Commercial,"or as necessary to accommodate a shopping center, by Thomas McGregor. G-030 Senior Planner Kent Manuel reviewed excerpts from the Report to Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He noted that this request was considered by the Planning Commission at its meeting of March 28,2000,and that due to a split vote,no action was taken;the applicant had appealed the request. Mr.Manuel stated that if the Commission desired to increase the commercial acreage to accommodate a full-service shopping center, it was recommended that the property either be classified as"Neighborhood Commercial"or"Shopping Center," with an appropriate implementing zoning of"Planned Development." He continued, however,that staff was concerned that potential impacts to neighboring properties would be difficult to mitigate short of scaling back the size of development below that which normally would occupy a ten-acre site. In response to Commissioner Gary Brickwood, Mr. Manuel related that the "PD" Planned Development zoning provided the City more control than any other zoning designation,granted the Planning Commission discretion in the arrangement of land uses on the property,and allowed for mixed uses which typically did not occur under other zoning. He explained that there was a concern of the impact on single-family homes adjacent to the project. Commissioner Brickwood asked if the applicant had indicated how a Planned Development could be absolved to mitigate those concerns. Mr.Manuel said that while there had been general discussions about Planned Development zoning, there had been no specific discussions regarding site plans or arrangements of land uses on the property. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Attorney Jim Underwood, 1135 Pine Street,representing Thomas McGregor,stated that the Draft General Plan encouraged in-fill and development of properties to minimize traffic impact. He contended that the six-acre site would not provide the necessary acreage for a viable shopping center without the designation of the remaining 3.5 acres as commercial. Mr.Underwood stated that with the creation of a shopping center,there was a possibility for a direct link to North Market Street to divert traffic from the North Market Street/Lake Boulevard intersection. He pointed out that a Planned Development designation would allow the Planning Commission to define development criteria and that the applicant was comfortable with this. Mr.Underwood requested that the entire property be given the classification of"Shopping Center." Frank Sawyer of Sharrah,Dunlap and Sawyer,Inc.,3161 Bechelli Lane,indicated that a commercial classification for the ten-acre site was necessary for a viable shopping center and would allow for a link to North Market Street,having a significant effect on the North Market Street/Lake Boulevard intersection. He requested reclassification of the property as"Shopping Center"with a Planned Development overlay. Eihnard Diaz,4277 Pasatiempo Court,representing property owners to the north and east of the site, termed reclassification of the property as a"win-win situation." He opined that concerns regarding land use compatibility could be addressed through a Planned Development zoning district. Commissioner Fred Weatherill observed that potential impact on neighboring single-family homes remained a concern. He said the Draft General Plan addressed policies regarding expanding commercial areas where there was no demonstrated need and that viability did not meet criteria for the expansion of commercial areas under the General Plan. Commissioner Brickwood opined that the classification of"Neighborhood Commercial" with Planned Development overlay would provide staff with flexibility to eliminate impact o' neighboring homes,keeping future development to a smaller scale. 06/27/00 3 Commissioner Randy Memeo asked whether the designation of"Neighborhood Commercial"could be applied to less than five acres. Mr.Manuel answered that the definition would suggest its use up to five acres and generally spoke to smaller types of users. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that there were no further comments. Motion: Commissioner Fred Weatherill moved that the Planning Commission reclassify the six-acre parcel at Hilltop Drive at East Lake Boulevard as"Shopping Center"and designate the remaining four acres as"Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre." Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Ayes: Commissioners Weatherill and Swanson Noes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Memeo,Woodward Abstain: Commissioner Maurer-Watkins Absent: None. The Vice Chairman noted that this motion failed. Amended Motion: Commissioner Gary Brickwood moved that the Planning Commission modify the Draft General Plan and reclassify the entire ten acres of property at Hilltop Drive at East Lake Boulevard as "Neighborhood Commercial" and that a "PD" Planned Development zoning district be applied to the property. Second: Commissioner Maureen Gaynor Discussion: Commissioner Brickwood indicated that"Neighborhood Commercial"would be more compatible with small-scale development and the adjoining residential property. Commissioner Weatherill opined that the motion did not ensure small-scale development and left the matter open for subsequent dueling with the applicant. Commissioner Brickwood stated that staff could use discretion to carry out the intent of the motion. Commissioner Memeo asked whether a "Neighborhood Commercial"designation allowed for professional offices and uses of that nature. Mr. Manuel responded affirmatively. Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Memeo,and Woodward Noes: Commissioners Swanson and Weatherill Abstain: Commissioner Maurer-Watkins Absent: None Northeast Corner of East Lake Boulevard and Hilltop Drive from "Residential,6 to 10 units per acre"to "General Commercial,"by Thomason Development G-030=000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission, incorporated herein by reference. He noted that the subject property was adjacent to that owned by Thomas McGregor,the subject of deliberation in the previous item. He said the two parcels were intended to be part of a larger development that would front on East Lake Boulevard and that a connection to Hilltop Drive would provide access to these parcels as well as secondary access to the balance of the proposed development. Mr. Manuel stated that with the Planning Commission's approval of a"General Commercial"classification on the McGregor property,it was recommended that the request by Thomason Development be approved as well. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Eihnard Diaz,4277 Pasatiempo Court,representing the applicant,noted that direct access to the development would be provided from Hilltop Drive. He asked that Draft Policy CED21B be viewed in relationship to the overall development plan. Mr.Diaz pointed out that prior to annexation to the City,the properties were designated as commercial and zoned"C-2"with a design review overlay. He said the applicant supported annexation and assumed that the accompanying designation would not be altered. He advised that a traffic study had been submitted to the City and that a development application was forthcoming. Mr.Diaz requested that the Planning Commission find that from a planning infrastructure and development perspective, it made sense to classify the property as "General Commercial." 06/27/00 4 In response to Commissioner Gary Brickwood,Mr.Diaz stated that access to the commercial areas would be from Hilltop Drive. He continued that if there were a multiple-family designation at the rear of the development, the only access to that property would be through the commerciL development;therefore,it made sense for all the properties to be zoned"General Commercial."Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. Motion: Commissioner Maureen Gaynor moved that the Planning Commission approve the request and reclassify the Draft General Plan designation for two parcels at the corner of East Lake Boulevard and Hilltop Drive to"Neighborhood Commercial." Second: Commissioner Gary Brickwood. Discussion: Commissioner Weatherill related concerns that approval of this request would attract similar applications to reclassify residential property as commercial and that approving the request because the project was viable was not in the spirit of the Draft General Plan,compromising its integrity. Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Memeo,and Woodward Noes: Commissioners Weatherill and Swanson Abstain: Commissioner Maurer-Watkins Absent: None ITEM 3b 1050 North Court Street from "Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre"to "General Office,"by Pacific Gas&Electric(PG&E). G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He stated that the property,which was bisected by North Court Street, was formerly a utility pole treatment area and that site remediation had been completed. Mr.Manuel recalled that at its meeting of August 16, 1999,the Planning Commission rejected the request,noting that the site had excellent potential for multiple-family use. He said it was staff's recommendation that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation. Mr. Manuel advised that a related request pertained to adjacent PG&E property and that it was appropriate to consider the two items concurrently. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked ifanyon present wished to address the item. Leland Bolger, 3600 Meadowview Road, PG&E representative, stated that based upon: (1)the completed site remediation,(2)the recommendation by the Regional Water Quality Control Board that further studies be performed if the property were considered for residential purposes,(3)the historical land use of the property,and(4)potential risks associated with future development,PG&E requested that the Planning Commission modify the Draft General Plan with a designation of "General Office"or"Limited Office." He indicated that PG&E had no future plans for the property if it were designated"Multiple Family Residential." Vera Cecchi, 1310 Bambury Court,said she owned two parcels on North Court Street south of the ITEM 3c PG&E property. She opined that when Court Street was extended,the nature of the property was changed,and it was no longer appropriate for"Multiple Family Residential."Mrs.Cecchi suggested that another option was to consider a mixed-use designation for"Residential"and"Light Office," because the property would continue to deteriorate if the designation remained unchanged. Commissioner Tina Swanson indicated that this might be the last opportunity of the Planning Commission to save the area from blight,and she doubted it would ever be developed for multiple- family purposes. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission approve the request and reclassify the Draft General Plan designation of property at 1015 North Court Street to"General Office." The Vice Chairman noted that the motion failed to carry due to lack of a second. Discussion: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins contended that this was not a large piece c multiple-family zoning at stake. 06/27/00 5 Amended Motion: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins moved that the Planning Commission approve the request to modify the Draft General Plan designation at 1015 North Court Street, including the PG&E property and the remainder of the properties to Eureka Way,to "General Office." Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Discussion: In response to Commissioner Randy Memeo,Mr.Manuel advised that there was no requirement to make up the "Multiple Family" designation elsewhere if the classification were changed. Commissioner Gary Brickwood asked what staff felt best served the City's needs. Mr. Manuel answered either limited office or a type of mixed-use overlay of small offices and retail with residential—similar to that being considered for Parkview Avenue and the Downtown area. Commissioner Maureen Gaynor maintained that the area was ideal for multiple-family residential due to its location. She stressed the fact that the Planning Commission was tasked with land use issues and the best use of the property for the City as opposed to economic issues,and that was residential. Commissioner Tina Swanson agreed;however,she said,something less than the ideal must be considered in order to for something to be done in the area. Amended Motion: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins amended the motion to reflect that the PG&E property be reclassified"General Office"and the remaining parcels along North Court Street be reclassified as"Limited Office". Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Discussion: Commissioner Weatherill said although he agreed with Commissioner Swanson's observations, the Planning Commission spent a great deal of time making difficult decisions on multiple-family residential issues and should not waiver from its original decision. Commissioner Brickwood agreed that the property was best served as multiple-family residential. Ayes: Commissioners Maurer-Watkins,Swanson,and Woodward Noes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Memeo,and Weatherill Abstain: None Absent: None The Vice Chairman noted that the motion failed to carry,and the Planning Commission upheld its original recommendation of August 16, 1999. ITEM 3f 1100 Brandon Court from "Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre"to `Limited Office,"by Jaxon Enterprises G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference.He noted that at its meeting of September 20,1999, the Planning Commission rejected a request by the applicant to modify the Plan designation from "Residential,10 to 20 units per acre"to"Neighborhood Commercial,"but approved a modification that resulted in a combination of"Limited Office"and"Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre." Mr. Manuel said the applicant now requested that the area previously approved for"Limited Office"be changed to allow retail uses. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Laura Baker,Jaxon Enterprises, 1603 Tahoe Court,related that many of staff concerns could be addressed through design review. She said there was no specific use in mind for the site,but Jaxon Enterprises's concern was that the designation of"Limited Office"was much more prohibitive than a commercial designation. Ms. Baker noted that Jaxon Enterprises greatly contributed to the infrastructure in the area and would like to be able to use the site to gain from that contribution. Commissioner Fred Weatherill indicated that it was his impression that the Planning Commission and the applicant had reached an amiable compromise when the request was originally considered, and he believed that was the best use for the property. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. 06/27/00 6 Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and reclassify the property at 1100 Brandon Court from"Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre"and"Limited Office"to"Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre"for the entire parcel. Second: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins Ayes: Commissioners Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,and Swanson Noes: Commissioners Brickwood,Memeo,Weatherill,and Woodward Abstain: None Absent: None The Vice Chairman announced that the motion failed to carry. Amended Motion: Commissioner Fred Weatherill moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and maintain the Draft General Plan classification of the property at 1100 Brandon Court as"Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre"and"Limited Office." Second: Commissioner Gary Brickwood Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Swanson Abstain: None Absent: None ITEM 3g Northwest Corner of Churn Creek Road and Browning Street from "Residential,10 to 20 units per acre"to "Regional Commercial,"by W.E.Baker and Kay Baker Williams G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He advised that at its meeting of August 16,1999, the Planning Commission rejected a request by the applicants to modify the Draft General Plan for 4.4 acres of a 13-acre parcel at the northwest corner of Churn Creek Road and Browning Street. Mr. Manuel reported that noting the importance of maintaining an adequate amount of property designated "Multiple Family Residential,"it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its previous decision. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Laura Baker, 1603 Tahoe Court,pointed out that the applicant contributed to the infrastructure and that the applicant believed the buffer zone requirements had been met. She opined that it would be most appropriate to make the entire parcel commercial. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. Motion: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and maintain the Draft General Plan designation for property at the northwest corner of Churn Creek Road and Browning Street as"Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre." Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None Request to consider extension of Browning Street between Hilltop Drive and Canby Road, by Joan Coleman G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He recalled that at its meeting of March 28,2000, the Planning Commission rejected a request by the applicant to modify the Draft General Plan to: (1) delete the future extension of Browning Street from the Circulation Diagram; or (2) in t1 • absence of deleting the street extension, modify the Draft General Plan to reflect a commercia. classification for the five parcels owned by the applicant; and(3)reflect an increased residential density(20 to 30 units per acre)that would be consistent with actual densities on one of the five 06/27/00 7 parcels. Mr.Manuel related that the extension of Browning Street would relieve congestion at the Dana Drive/Hilltop Drive intersection and that the expansion of commercial area to include existing residential property was not warranted,nor was there a need to increase the residential density of the property. He said, therefore, it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation. Mr.Manuel noted that a letter received from the applicant was submitted for the record. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Sharon Barry,870 Browning Street,pleaded on behalf of the applicant and as a resident of the area for the Planning Commission to reconsider the extension of Browning Street. She said it would be incompatible with existing residential use without special consideration to mitigate the damage the throughway and accompanying noise would cause to the neighborhood. Ms.Barry opined that the extension was inconsistent with Policies CDD9, CDD9B, and CDD12E, which called for the preservation of existing community character and promotion of development that was not detrimental to existing neighborhoods,as well as Policy CDD9D,which called for the provision of gradual transition between different land uses. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. Motion: Commissioner Gary Brickwood moved that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation and deny the request to modify the Draft Circulation and General Plan Diagrams with respect to the extension of Browning Street between Hilltop Drive and Canby Road. Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None ITEM 3d Several parcels on Old Alturas Road between Browning Street and Churn Creek Road from "Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre"to "General Commercial,"by Ed Gorge,et al. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He stated that at its meeting of August 16, 1999, the Planning Commission rejected the request by the applicants to reclassify the property"General Commercial,"noting the substantial commercial land in the area and the desire to maintain ample land for future multiple-family use. Mr.Manuel indicated that approval of the request would result in a patchwork of commercial and residential land,and an effort to alleviate this by reclassifying further land as commercial might represent implications for the Draft Environmental Impact Report. He said it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its previous decision. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Ed Gorge, 1320 Old Alturas Road,stated that this was a rural area,but that recent development in the vicinity made it not conducive to multiple-family use. He felt some kind of general commercial or office would be a more appropriate designation. Mr.Gorge also indicated an interest in a mixed- use overlay of general commercial and residential. He submitted a handout with a list of concerns which was hereby incorporated into the record. The Vice Chairman determined that there were no further comments. Motion: Commissioner Fred Weatherill moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and maintain the Draft General Plan classification of"Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre"on the two parcels located on Old Alturas Road between Browning Street and Churn Creek Road. Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None 06/27/00 8 18221 Canby Road from "Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre"to "Residential,3.5 to 6 units per acre,"by Alene Barzin. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dates June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He advised that at its meeting of August 10, 1999, the Planning Commission rejected the request to reclassify the 33,000-square-foot parcel as "Residential,3.5 to 6 units per acre"due to concerns of consistency with surrounding development types in the neighborhood. Mr.Manuel said it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward determined that no one present wished to address the item. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and maintain the Draft General Plan classification of property at 18221 Canby Road as"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre." Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill. Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None ITEM 3i 3050 Texas Springs Road from "Residential,I to 5 acres per unit"to"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre,"by Bob Jones. G-030-000 Commissioner Gary Brickwood abstained from discussion and voting on this matter. Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000, incorporated herein by reference. He related that at its meeting of August 16, 1999,the Planning Commission rejected the request by the applicant, noting concerns of grading and the costs associated with "leap-frog" development. It was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyon, present wished to address the item. Bob Jones,6661 Riverside Drive,applicant,stated that the property owners requested annexation to the City hoping to facilitate the development of the property as residential at a higher density; however, it was determined that it was not economically feasible to develop the property at 1 to 5 acres per unit due to costs imposed by City requirements. He requested that the property be reclassified on the Draft General Plan as"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre." Mr.Jones warned that the property owners might find it necessary to apply for"deannexation"if the request were not approved. Will Thompson, P.O. Box 538, Shasta,owner of two contiguous parcels to the subject property, stated that the current zoning allows the terrain to dictate development density without substantial grading;however,the Draft General Plan designation of 1 to 5 acres per unit was not economically feasible,and the loss of building sites would create a negative financial impact on affected property owners. Bryan Hill,7294 Churn Creek Road,representative of the Sierra Club,cautioned that approval of the request would create a subsidy requiring residents to pay higher costs for services such as water, sewer, garbage,and police,and that the increased density would deprive other areas of adequate emergency protection. He indicated that staff's recommendation of 1 to 5 units per acre was appropriate for the site. Mr.Manuel pointed out that any substantive change to the land use diagram could necessitate further work on the Environmental Impact Report. Commissioner Tina Swanson indicated that the site was not amenable to increased density due to its severe topography. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. 06/27/00 9 Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and maintain the Draft General Plan designation of"Residential,1 to 5 acres per unit" for property located at 3050 Texas Springs Road. Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Ayes: Commissioners Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Swanson, Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: Commissioner Brickwood Absent: None ITEM 3j Northwest corner of Rancho Road and Shasta View Drive from "Limited Office" and "Neighborhood Commercial"to "Shopping Center,"by Gloria Taylor-Myers. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He recalled that at its meeting of August 10,1999, the Planning Commission rejected a portion of a request by the applicant to modify the Draft General Plan for property located at the northwest corner of Rancho Road and Shasta View Drive from "Limited Office"and"Neighborhood Commercial"to"Shopping Center." Mr. Manuel said the Commission opted to recommend that eight acres of the ten-acre site be classified as"Shopping Center,"but that the two acres abutting a future single-family development be classified"Limited Office." It was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Frank Sawyer,3161 Bechelli Lane,Sharrah,Dunlap,Sawyer,Inc.,submitted a letter,incorporated herein by reference,the details of which were highlighted before the Commission. He contended that only one parcel of the neighboring development would be impacted by the"Shopping Center" designation,and the entire ten-acre parcel was necessary to allow for a viable shopping center. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. Motion: Commissioner Gary Brickwood moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and uphold the Draft General Plan designation of"Limited Office" and "Neighborhood Commercial"for property at the northwest corner of Rancho Road and Shasta View Drive. Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None Northeast corner of Hawley Road and Collyer Drive from "Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre" to "Neighborhood Commercial,"by Phyllis Fisher-Pollock. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He advised that at its meeting of August 25, 1999, the Planning Commission rejected a request by the applicant to modify the Draft General Plan from "Residential, 2 to 3.5 units per acre" to "Neighborhood Commercial" on the property, noting concerns regarding transition to commercial uses being inappropriate given other vacant commercial lands in the immediate vicinity. He said it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward determined that no one present wished to speak. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and uphold the Draft General Plan designation of"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre" for property at the northeast corner of Hawley Road and Collyer Drive. Second: Commissioner Maureen Gaynor. Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Swanson,Weatherill,and Woodward Noes: Commissioners Maurer-Watkins,and Memeo Abstain: None Absent: None 06/27/00 10 2419 Heryford Lane and 2538 South Bonnyview Road from "Residential,6 to 10 units per acre" to "General Commercial,"by Phyllis Fisher-Pollock. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dater June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He noted that at its meeting of September 20,1999, the Planning Commission rejected a request by the applicant to modify the Draft General Plan from "Residential, 6 to 10 units per acre"to "General Commercial" on the subject properties, noting concerns that substantial commercial lands were already located in the vicinity and that the existence of heavy commercial lands in the area would not detract from establishing an acceptable living environment. Mr. Manuel said it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward determined that no one present wished to speak. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and uphold the Draft General Plan designation of"Residential,6 to 10 units per acre" at 2419 Heryford Lane and 2538 South Bonnyview Road. Second: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None At the hour of 6:44 p.m.,Vice Chairman Woodward called for a recess. He reconvened the meeting at 6:55 p.m. ITEM 3h Northeast corner of Shasta View Drive and SR44 from "Shopping Center" to "General Commercial,"by Terry Thies. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission date( June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He related that a letter was received,requesting tha 13 acres located at the northeast corner of Shasta View Drive and SR44 be reclassified on the Draft General Plan from"Shopping Center"to"General Commercial." Mr.Manuel advised that the issue was to classify the property to attain the goals of the Draft General Plan,which was to provide for shopping needs of area residents,while preserving a reasonable expectation of development for the property owner. Mr. Manuel said it was staff's recommendation that the Planning Commission consider a"split"classification of"Neighborhood Commercial"on that portion of property facing the residential neighborhood across Tarmac Road and"General Commercial"for the remainder of the property. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Terry Thies, 566 Miner Road, Orinda, applicant, preferred that the entire property be classified "General Commercial,"opining that it would be difficult to market the property as"Neighborhood Commercial." He indicated that this classification was in accordance with nearby property. Mr.Thies added that the City would have control over future development because any development would require a use permit. He related that 1.15 acres of the northwest corner of the property was purchased by Mountain Counties Supply Company to construct a mini-mart/service station that would qualify as a neighborhood commercial project. In response to Commissioner Gary Brickwood,Mr.Manuel said the recommended split designation would cause nine acres to be classified as"General Commercial"and four acres as"Neighborhood Commercial." Commissioner Brickwood asked if the purpose of retaining four acres as "Neighborhood Commercial"was to provide a buffer zone to neighboring residential properties. Mr.Manuel explained that the main reason was to preserve neighborhood-serving uses. Jim Cross, representing Mountain Counties Supply Company, advised that a classification of "General Commercial"would best serve to attract further development in the area. Commissioner Fred Weatherill believed the request was prompted by economic factors. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. 06/27/00 11 Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and reclassify the Draft General Plan designation of property at the northeast corner of Shasta View Drive and SR44 as "Neighborhood Commercial" and "General Commercial." Second: Commissioner Gary Brickwood Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Swanson, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Weatherill Abstain: None Absent: None ITEM 3e Portion of property on Buenaventura Boulevard near Lakeside Drive from "Residential, 2 to 3.5 units per acre"to "Single Family Residential,"by Westside Property Owners. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He recalled that at its meeting of September 14, 1999, the Planning Commission recommended that the Draft General Plan be modified from "Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre"to"Limited Office"and"Residential,6 to 10 units per acre" on the subject property. Mr. Manuel stated that the request was reconsidered at the Planning Commission Meeting of November 20,1999,where the previous action was affirmed;however,the Westside property owners had since requested that the November 20,1999,action be reconsidered. He said it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission consider reclassifying the upper terrace portions of the site adjacent to single-family development as"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre." Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Dennis Mihalka,3533 Stone Ridge Place,representing a number of Westside property owners,gave a slide show presentation, incorporated herein by reference. He pointed out the various upscale neighborhoods in the vicinity of the property, and opined that there should be consistency and continuity in the types of housing in a given location. Dr. Mihalka raised concerns that increased density would have an adverse effect on traffic conditions, noting that transportation studies had been based on the existing density,rather than the recommended density. He also objected to the recommendation of"Limited Office"on Buenaventura Boulevard,stating that the property owners felt it was unnecessary. Dr.Mihalka requested that the property on Buenaventura Boulevard near Lakeside Drive be restored to a single-family residential classification on the Draft General Plan. Commissioner Tina Swanson opined that the property would be more appropriately classified as "Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre."Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to comment. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission approve the request and reclassify the Draft General Plan designation ofpropertyon Buenaventura Boulevard near Lakeside Drive,including that which was currently classified"Limited Office,"as"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre." The Vice Chairman noted that the motion failed to carry due to lack of a second. Discussion: Commissioner Gary Brickwood felt the limited office classification on Buenaventura Boulevard was unnecessary and agreed that the upper terrace of the property should be single-family residential. Commissioner Fred Weatherill pointed out that multiple-family developments could be upscale and that given its location near shopping and traffic arterials,the property met the criteria for multiple family. He suggested reclassifying the upper terrace to "Residential,2 to 3.5 units,"with the balance remaining"Residential,6 to 10 units per acre,"and retaining the limited office designation on Buenaventura Boulevard. Commissioner Randy Memeo disagreed with the higher density and limited office classifications,and said he would be in favor of"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre" for the entire site. 06/27/00 12 Commissioner Maureen Gaynor agreed that it made sense to reclassify the upper terrace"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre." She doubted that the remainder of the property was developable at a density of 6 to 10 units per acre due to its topograph) and suggested that 3.5 to 6 units per acre would be more appropriate. Development Services Director Jim Hamilton advised that it was difficult to determine whether a particular classification was feasible for a site until engineering work for a project was actually performed. He reported that the General Plan policies allowing for appropriate development were considered when a project was presented. Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins considered it appropriate to eliminate the limited office space on Buenaventura Boulevard. She agreed with reclassifying the upper terrace to 2 to 3.5 units per acre and the remaining property to either 2.3 to 3.5 or 3.5 to 6 units per acre to allow for the development of duplexes. Ms. Maurer-Watkins stressed the importance of the Planning Commission presenting a united fronton this issue. Amended Motion: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins moved that the Planning Commission reclassify the Draft General Plan designation for property on Buenaventura Boulevard near Lakeside Drive, including the property currently classified "Limited Office," as "Residential, 2 to 3.5 units per acre" on the upper terrace and the remainder as "Residential,3.5 to 6 units per acre." Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Swanson, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Weatherill Abstain: None Absent: None Northeast corner of Placer Street and San Francisco Street from "Residential,6 to 10 units per acre"to"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre,"by Westside Property Owners-Placer Street. G-030- 000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20,2000,incorporated herein by reference. He stated that at its meeting of November 20,1999, the Planning Commission recommended that the Draft General Plan be modified from"Residential, 2 to 3.5 units per acre"to"Residential,6 to 10 units per acre"on a portion of property located at the northeast corner of Placer Street and Sacramento Street. Mr. Manuel advised that the Westside property owners had requested that the action of November 20, 1999,be reconsidered. He said it was the recommendation of staff that the Planning Commission uphold its previous recommendation. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward stated that multiple-family classifications did not necessarily attract lower-income housing;however,he appreciated the property owners'concerns. He asked staff what steps could be taken to direct the quality of future development. Development Services Director Jim Hamilton advised that the Planning Commission could inform staff that it desired a planned development designation for zoning purposes. Vice Chairman Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Bob Gustafson,3559 Stone Ridge Place,said when he located to the area,he assumed the property would remain single-family residential. He opined that multiple-family classifications were not necessary to in-fill the little vacant land that remained. Mr.Gustafson pointed out that one of the goals of the Draft General Plan was to preserve existing community character by respecting existing neighborhood scale and character for in-fill projects in existing residential neighborhoods. He suggested meeting multifamily residential needs by placing it in the downtown area. Vice Chairman Woodward determined that no one else present wished to speak. 06/27/00 13 Motion: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins moved that the Planning Commission uphold its original recommendation and retain the classification of"Residential,6 to 10 units per acre"on property located at the northeast corner of Placer Street and San Francisco Street. Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Ayes: Commissioners Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Swanson, Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Brickwood Abstain: None Absent: None Request for reclassification of property on Oasis Road,by Virgil Weld Virgil Weld,2015 Hilltop Drive,representing Don Levenson,owner of property in the Oasis Road area, noted that the entire property was designated"Regional Commercial" in November 1999; however,in March 2000 a sliver of land was reclassified"General Office"in the southeast corner in relation to the location of the future Churn Creek Road extension. He contended that the Levenson property should be designated"Regional Commercial"as it was originally. Mr.Weld also pointed out that a similar situation occurred with the alignment of Twin View Boulevard,which could affect the ability of the owner to use the property for its original designation. Senior Planner Kent Manuel related that staff was not opposed to making the requested changes, noting that the Oasis Road Specific Plan would determine the actual location of future roads. He said this action would provide a comfort level for the property owners. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward inquired whether this required action on the part of the Planning Commission. Development Services Director Jim Hamilton advised that the Oasis Road Specific Plan would determine the ultimate land uses in the area,but that property owners would feel more comfortable with the change of land use designation to"Regional Commercial." Mr.Weld contended that the property owners simply wanted to ensure that the Draft General Plan reflected the land uses that had been in place for years. Vice Chairman Woodward cautioned that although staff had agreed to accommodate the request,the Oasis Road Specific Plan might alter the decision. He then determined that no one present wished to address the item. Request to reconsider Knighton Road Zoning,by Bruce Tyler Bruce Tyler, 6000 Woodglade Avenue, Citrus Heights, stated that he represented his father, a resident of the Redding area. He said the extension of Knighton Road and proposed"Industrial" zoning would have a significant financial effect on his father's property,which he planned to divide into three residential lots. Mr. Tyler described the property as 15.88 acres, including a bench overlooking the Churn Creek Golf Course,with a hillside that dropped down into Churn Creek Bottom. Mr.Tyler indicated that the parcel was a major asset to his father and that much of it would be rendered useless if zoned"Industrial"because it consisted of a hillside,creek bank,and creek. Furthermore, he said, the property had a magnificent view that would compensate a residential homeowner for the loss of property, with access to traffic arterials and the Redding Municipal Airport. Mr.Tyler indicated that dense vegetation created an effective natural sound and site barrier for future residences from industrial development to the east. He contended that the property would make a natural transition from"Industrial"zoning to the east and residential uses to the west and, therefore, requested that the property retain a "Residential" classification. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward asked if anyone present wished to address the item. Bryan Hill, 7294 Churn Creek Road,representative of the Sierra Club, supported the request on behalf of the Churn Creek Bottom Homeowners'Association. He opined that the five-acre home site would be compatible with the five-acre minimum requirement in Churn Creek Bottom. Mr. Manuel advised that the General Plan Task Force recommended enlarging the industrial land in the area and that staff studied transition issues and attempted to make geographical sense of land use lines. He noted that the property was under the jurisdiction of Shasta County as residential land 06/27/00 14 and that any application submitted for residential development would have to be honored until the Comprehensive Land Use Plan was amended. Mr. Manuel added that a future request would b' made to the County to make its plan consistent with the City's. In response to Vice Chairman Woodward,Mr.Manuel noted that appropriate notification to affected land owners was given through publication in the Record Searchlight for purposes of taking action on this issue. Commissioner Tina Swanson commented that it would be difficult to make a decision without viewing the property. Mr.Manuel related that the property was so heavily wooded,one could not see the existing residence on the parcel. Commissioner Fred Weatherill asked whether staff's recommendation would have been the same if the homes could be seen from the industrial property. Mr.Manuel responded affirmatively. He said the issue was to establish a reasonable land use boundary between industrial and residential property. Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins pointed out that similar issues had occurred where industrial uses have created noise near nicer homes. She opined that if the property remained residential,the same situation could be created. Commissioner Gary Brickwood asked if it would be possible to make the easterly portion of the residential property a greenbelt in an effort to create a buffer. Mr. Manuel said that could not be done at this stage of the process. Commissioner Weatherill noted that accommodation of the request would compromise the ability to locate general industrial nearby.Mr.Manuel agreed that it would complicate development of the property over the years. In response to Commissioner Swanson,Mr.Manuel said that staff could be tasked to require notic to future property owners,warning of potential industrial noise,thereby limiting the City's liability. He added that the surrounding floodplain would change dramatically with development of the Clover Creek detention basin,and it would be necessary to evaluate land uses on either side of Clover Creek at that time. Although agreeing that the request was reasonable,Commissioner Brickwood was concerned that there was not enough information to address the issue currently. He suggested that a more appropriate forum would be at a regular meeting of the Planning Commission. Mr.Manuel advised that a decision could be made tonight,or it could be addressed by the City Council;however,the final say was that of the Airport Land Use Commission. Commissioner Brickwood opined that this was a moot issue. Mr.Hamilton agreed that the Comprehensive Land Use Plan was an overriding document even for the General Plan for both the City and County,and would explore the issue in more detail. He said compatibility was the real issue, and staff felt the land use designation was appropriate. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward determined that no one present wished to address the item. Motion: Commissioner Fred Weatherill moved that the Planning Commission retain the designation of"General Industrial"for property on Knighton Road. Second: Commissioner Gary Brickwood Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Swanson Abstain: None Absent: None Development Services Director Jim Hamilton advised Mr.Tyler that the issue would be before the Airport Land Use Commission in probably a year's time. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward opened the forum for general comment. 06/27/00 15 Bryan Hill supported the previous request by Mr.Virgil Weld regarding property on Oasis Road. He pointed out what he termed as inconsistencies in many areas between specific plans and the Draft General Plan. In response to Vice Chairman Woodward,Mr.Manuel said,when a specific plan was adopted,staff anticipated changes in land use with respect to the Draft General Plan. ADJOURNMENT At the hour of 8:28 p.m., Vice Chairman Mark Woodward continued the public hearing of the Planning Commission to 4 p.m.,June 28,2000. Jim Hamilton,AICP Mark Woodward Acting Secretary Vice Chairman • 06/27/00 1 REDDING PLANNING COMMISSION Minutes of the Redding Planning Commission are Adjourned Regular Meeting,4 p.m. transcribed in summary format. If you are interested in ! Wednesday,June 28,2000 receiving detailed transcripts of the minutes, tape l recordings are retained for a period of two years. For City Council Chambers further information,contact the Planning Division of the 4 777 Cypress Avenue Development Services Department at(530)225-4020. ' Redding,California 96001 MINUTES Vice Chairman Mark Woodward called the meeting to order at 4 p.m., with Commissioners Gary Brickwood, Maureen Gaynor, Jan Maurer-Watkins, Randy Memeo, Tina Swanson, and Fred Weatherill present. Also present were Development Services Director Jim Hamilton, City Attorney Len Wingate,and Senior Planner Kent Manuel. CONTINUED PUBLIC HEARING—CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN UPDATE (2000-2020) At 4:02 p.m., Vice Chairman Mark Woodward opened the public hearing regarding the 2000-2020 General Plan Update and Environmental Impact Report(EIR). CONSIDERATION OF MODIFYING THE DRAFT GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DIAGRAM FOR THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS Request to apply rural density to Bureau of Land Management Property in the Canyon Creek Road Area,by Sylvia Lewis. G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel said correspondence was received from Sylvia Lewis, incorporated herein by reference,requesting that a rural-type density be applied to property currently owned by the Bureau of Land Management in the Canyon Creek Road area,currently designated on the Draft General Plan as "Residential, 2 to 3.5 units per acre." He stated that the Draft General Plan designation was consistent with an approved subdivision in the vicinity and the current General Plan. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward,noting that Ms.Lewis also referred to grading in the Canyon Creek Road area,advised that these concerns did not apply in consideration of the General Plan. With regard to comments by Ms. Lewis concerning disparity between City and County planning, he suggested that staff respond in writing,explaining the different standards applied by the City of Redding as it grew into rural areas and the County. Mr.Manuel indicated that Ms.Lewis had been made aware of this through the course of conversations with staff. Motion: Commissioner Fred Weatherill moved that the Planning Commission retain the General Plan classification of"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre"for Bureau of Land Management property in the Canyon Creek Road area. Second: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None Letter from Associate Redevelopment Project Coordinator Sue Thompson regarding the Parkview Neighborhood Plan G-030-000 Development Services Director Jim Hamilton provided an overview of a letter received from Associate Redevelopment Project Coordinator Sue Thompson,incorporated herein by reference. He advised that the Draft General Plan incorporated policies regarding the Parkview Neighborhood and that the forthcoming Parkview Neighborhood Plan, once adopted,would provide a need for future changes or potential land use amendments from those currently in the Draft General Plan. Mr.Hamilton said Ms.Thompson's letter indicated that the Parkview Neighborhood Plan was taking 06/28/00 2 longer than expected,that it was likely that the General Plan would be adopted before the Parkview Neighborhood Plan was completed,and that it was likely staff would return with amendments to the Plan. He reported that no action was required by the Planning Commission. Various requests in correspondence from Eihnard Diaz G-030-000 At the hour of 4:15 p.m.,Vice Chairman Mark Woodward recessed the meeting to review the letter of Eihnard Diaz,incorporated herein by reference,dated June 28,2000. He called the meeting back to order at the hour of 4:25 p.m. Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the letter containing eight requests from Eihnard Diaz,representing Shasta Builders'Exchange,Greater Redding Chamber of Commerce,the Economic Development Corporation,and the Shasta County Board of Realtors. Eihnard Diaz,4277 Pasatiempo Court,requested that the words"and security"be added to Policies R13A,CDD4F,and CDD5A regarding construction of trails as well as interfaces between urban development and open-space corridors. He indicated that development of these areas created security concerns for adjacent residents. Mr.Manuel advised that although these concerns would have been taken into consideration anyway, it was acceptable to clarify them. Vice Chairman Woodward concurred with the addition. Commissioner Fred Weatherill expressed concern with security becoming a fetish,translating into chain-link fences,wood fences,or concrete-block fences around parks and along accessways and turning park areas into fortresses. He deemed this as excessive and not amenable to an open quality of life. Commissioner Tina Swanson remarked that the requested addition would be redundant in Policy R13A because of the way that policy was currently worded. Vice Chairman Woodward opined that the additional language would give discretion to take necessary steps when appropriate to ensure that privacy and security were provided and that it would not be used unreasonably. Motion: Commissioner Gary Brickwood moved that the Planning Commission approve the request to add the words"and security"to Policies CDD4F and CDD5A,but to deny the request as it applies to R13A. Second: Commissioner Maureen Gaynor Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,and Woodward Noes: Commissioners Swanson and Weatherill Abstain: None Absent: None Development Services Director Jim Hamilton said the second request concerned the use of the "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay"District. He explained that this type of designation required a minimum of 10 percent be dedicated to public use and a minimum of 50 percent for dwelling units at eight units to an acre. Mr.Diaz indicated that the promoted flexibility was not evidenced due to the minimum requirements,and he requested that either the restrictions be removed or the concept be disposed of altogether and mixed-use projects go forward as planned developments. Mr. Hamilton advised that the Plan also encouraged mixed-use developments outside the neighborhood overlay areas. He said this development type could be considered in other areas throughout the Plan subject to the normal requirements and environmental review appropriate through the planned development process. Mr. Hamilton said for the identified mixed-use neighborhoods,the proportions of uses were tied to incentives,and staff felt it should be maintained. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward stated that the mixed-use overlay was a superior project that could be adopted with a General Plan amendment when it was feasible and made sense. Commissioner Fred Weatherill indicated that the mixed-use overlay was a novel idea and that it was premature to abandon the designation or change its proportions before it was given an appropriate 06/28/00 3 time period to see how it worked. Commissioner Tina Swanson agreed. Commissioner Maureen Gaynor concurred,stating that the concept of minimum standards should remain in place,since it eliminated any vagueness from the Plan. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and make no changes in the Draft General Plan regarding"Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay." Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None Development Services Director Jim Hamilton stated that Mr.Diaz's third request was to reduce the Plan Area Boundary to the limits of the Secondary Growth Area and that the area north of SR299E and east of Old Oregon Trail be removed as a Secondary Growth Area. Mr.Diaz suggested that City limits not be expanded just for the sake of growth and that existing needs should be addressed before expanding. Mr. Hamilton said the Draft Plan suggested that land needs and provision of services should be addressed before expansion and that the policies encouraged growth in an orderly manner. He cautioned that a change to these boundaries could cause the Draft Environmental Impact Report to be reevaluated. Mr.Hamilton explained that the growth would not occur simply because the areas were within the Primary or Secondary Growth boundaries,but that the boundaries provided more certainty of where future growth would occur. He continued that criteria in the Plan set forth that these areas were considered for annexation only if there were less than a ten-year supply of land for housing within the City and that it was important to address existing needs before expansion. Mr. Hamilton added that its presence of the secondary growth boundary in the plan did not encourage growth but that it was an intelligent way to plan for the future. He concluded that staff did not feel the change was necessary. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward observed that the City had an obligation to determine where growth was going to be so there was a coordinated and orderly effort between the City and the County. He continued that the designated boundaries indicated that at some future time,there could be an intent to expand. Vice Chairman Woodward pointed out that the Planning Commission did cut back on secondary growth areas and had taken into consideration areas the City would not expand into in 20 years. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request to adjust the Plan Area Boundary and Secondary Growth Area. Second: Commissioner Maureen Gaynor Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None Development Services Director Jim Hamilton said the fourth request was that Policies CDD 17B and T5D be amended to require landscaped parkways on arterial and collector streets between the curb and sidewalk. He stated that staff agreed that arterial and collector streets needed to be aesthetically pleasing and that the Plan already addressed that issue. 06/28/00 4 Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request to amend Policies CDD17B and T5D to require landscaped parkways between curb and sidewalk on arterial and collector streets. Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None Development Services Director Jim Hamilton advised that the fifth request was that Policies T8G and PF 13E regarding advancement of payment for fees for bikeway facilities and consideration of impact fees to finance transit facilities and services be removed or advanced for consideration and recommendation by the Fee Committee as soon as possible. He said staff would not be opposed to modifying the language to suggest that the City consider requiring new development to pay such fees. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward expressed that he had no concern with the change. Commissioner Tina Swanson pointed out that the Planning Commission's intent was to keep the language in the Draft General Plan as strong as possible and limit the use of words such as "suggest" and use "require"whenever possible. She suggested that Mr.Diaz was requesting more flexible language than desired in the General Plan. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and retain the wording of Policies T8G and PF13E as currently in the Draft General Plan. Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Swanson, Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Memeo Abstain: None Absent: None Development Services Director Jim Hamilton said that the sixth request was that the definition of what constituted parkland be expanded to include private lands,particularly the Riverview Golf and Country Club, the Tierra Oaks Golf Course, and The McConnell Foundation headquarters. He reported that Mr.Diaz's letter indicated that these facilities provided recreational opportunities to a large segment of the community and could be considered similar to a private park. Mr.Hamilton suggested that this issue be addressed later in the evening when considering a staff-initiated request to amend Policy R5C that identified private facilities in subdivisions as credit toward park in-lieu fees or development fees. It was a consensus of the Planning Commission to consider the two requests in conjunction at the time the staff-initiated recommendation was made. Development Services Director Jim Hamilton related that the seventh request was that Policy HS4H be revised to state"consider"or"evaluate"establishing a program for construction and maintenance of fire-access roads in ravine areas considered to have very high fire danger. He advised that staff felt the current language was appropriate. In response to Commissioner Gary Brickwood,Mr.Hamilton said there was nothing in the policy at this time dictating who was responsible to construct the roads and that in most cases,it would be part of a subdivision approval process. Commissioner Randy Memeo asked if the Plan contained criteria for what constituted an area of high fire danger. Senior Planner Kent Manuel explained that each area would require separate analysis to make that determination. 06/28/00 5 City Attorney Len Wingate advised that inclusion of the words"consider"would be beneficial in dictating the City's future responsibility with regard to liability. Commissioner Fred Weatherill opined that the Planning Commission should be proactive in establishing a standard fire-access program. Commissioner Brickwood said he was inclined to follow the City Attorney's advice,but he noted that if the General Plan indicated that the City would establish a fire-access program,it must be done and done correctly. Motion: Commissioner Fred Weatherill moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and retain the language of Policy HS4H regarding establishment of a fire-access program as it appears in the Draft General Plan. Vice Chairman Woodward noted that the motion failed to carry due to lack of a second. Amended Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission approve the request and add the word"consider"with regard to establishment of a fire-access program in Policy HS4H. Second: Commissioner Maureen Gaynor Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Swanson, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Weatherill Abstain: None Absent: None Development Services Director Jim Hamilton said that the eighth and last request by Mr.Diaz was that short-and long-term maintenance and associated costs be addressed in preparation and adoption of the trails and other master plans called for by the General Plan. He noted that as a general practice,the City Council wanted fiscal impact to be included in the analysis for the adoption of any significant new program. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward pointed out that the Recreation Element of the Draft General Plan adequately covered the need to identify funding sources for trail development. Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission deny the request to incorporate short-and long-term maintenance and associated costs in preparation and adoption of the Trails Master Plan. Second: Commissioner Gary Brickwood Discussion: None Ayes: CommissionersBrickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None ITEM 3k Property at 3990 and 4000 Railroad Avenue from "General Commercial" to "Heavy Commercial,"by Brown Plumbing G-030-000 Steven Poirier of Brown Plumbing,3990 Railroad Avenue,provided an overview of his letter to the Planning Commission,incorporated herein by reference. He requested that property at 3990 and 4000 Railroad Avenue,currently designated on the Draft General Plan as"General Commercial," be reclassified as"Heavy Commercial."Mr.Poirier stated that this designation would be compatible with"General Industrial"and"Heavy Commercial"properties on the east side of the railroad tracks and would ensure future conforming use of the property by Brown Plumbing. Senior Planner Kent Manuel said the intent of changing the designation of that property was to recognize the importance of that particular gateway to the City and as an entrance to single-family neighborhoods,such as Country Heights. He suggested that the time had come to transition the area 06/28/00 6 to other uses,such as"Office"or"Retail";however,he pointed out that the very steep terrain did provide a natural break and would not impact the residential area. In response to Commissioner Maureen Gaynor,Mr.Poirier said Brown Plumbing's expansion plans included a canopy under which to park larger trucks for protection from the weather and perhaps a small warehouse. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward related that Brown Plumbing's future plans might provide relief of the blighted area and would have minimal impact on surrounding property due to the topography. Commissioner Tina Swanson hesitated making a decision without viewing the property. In response to Commissioner Fred Weatherill,Mr.Manuel stated that the type of structure needed to house vehicles capable of carrying septic tanks would not be compatible with "General Commercial,"but more with a"Heavy Commercial"classification. Commissioner Gaynor said she would be inclined to grant the request given the topography and resultant buffers. Commissioner Gary Brickwood deemed that the requested designation did not interface with what he would like to see in that area and opposed approving the request. Vice Chairman Woodward observed that the property could not be seen from the intersection of SR273 and Buenaventura Boulevard. Motion: Commissioner Gary Brickwood moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and retain the General Plan classification of"General Commercial" for property located at 3990 and 4000 Railroad Avenue. Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Weatherill,and Woodward Noes: Commissioners Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,and Swanson Abstain: None Absent: None Vice Chairman Mark Woodward advised that the motion failed to carry. Amended Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission grant the request to reclassify property at 3990 and 4000 Railroad Avenue as"Heavy Commercial"on the Draft General Plan. Discussion: Mr.Manuel requested clarification of the boundaries of the redesignation,noting that it would be logical to include the five parcels that had some type of commercial classification. In response to Vice Chairman Mark Woodward,he said, Sunshine Ridge above the property was under development,but a significant portion of the subject property was considered greenway and undevelopable due to its topography. Commissioner Gary Brickwood opined that it was unwise to try to isolate the Brown Plumbing building. Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins indicated that approval of this request could be fairly controversial and that there may not be enough information available at this time to do so. She suggested reconsidering Commissioner Brickwood's motion. Commissioner Swanson withdrew her motion. Noting there were no further motions,Vice Chairman Woodward advised that the classification would remain"General Commercial"on the Draft General Plan as previously recommended at the Planning Commission meeting of June 27,2000. 1930 Butte Street from "Residential"to "General Office,"by Mary Zwaga G-030-000 Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins abstained from voting and discussion on this matter. Mary Zwaga requested that property she owned on the corner of Butte Street and Chestnut Street be 06/28/00 7 reclassified on the Draft General Plan as some type of commercial. She related that all the property on Butte Street between West Street and Chestnut Street was commercial and that any impact incurred would be to that street. Ms.Zwaga said there were no immediate plans for the property, which currently contained a single-family residence. Senior Planner Kent Manuel advised that there might be a potential conflict with the parcel being on the boundary of the Magnolia Focus Area,which provided that there be no further intrusion of commercial classifications into the residential neighborhood. He noted,however,that the subject property was not actually located in the Focus Area. In response to Vice Chairman Mark Woodward,Ms.Zwaga indicated that a designation of"Limited Office"would be acceptable. Commissioner Gary Brickwood conveyed that the area was Redding's only historical district and that it was unfortunate it had been invaded to its present degree with the conversion of homes to offices and multiple-family dwellings. He said the Planning Commission was tasked with establishing the best use for an area without consideration of financial circumstances and that he preferred that the whole neighborhood be maintained as strictly residential,retaining as many original structures as possible. Commissioner Maureen Gaynor expressed concern that reclassification of this property would encourage similar requests from nearby property owners. Mr.Manuel stated that the Planning Commission might choose to incorporate this side of Chestnut Street into the Magnolia Focus Area. Motion: Commissioner Gary Brickwood moved that the Planning Commission deny the request and maintain the current Draft General Plan designation of"Residential"at 1930 Butte Street. Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Discussion: Commissioner Tina Swanson stated that she would abstain without having had an opportunity to view the property. Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Memeo,Weatherill,and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: Commissioners Maurer-Watkins and Swanson Absent: None At the hour of 5:48 p.m.,Vice Chairman Mark Woodward announced a recess. He reconvened the meeting at 6 p.m. CONSIDERATION OF STAFF—INITL4TED MODIFICATIONS TO DRAFT GENERAL PLAN POLICIES and CONSIDERATION OF STAFF—INITIATED MODIFICATIONS TO DRAFT GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DESIGNATIONS G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of the Report to the Planning Commission dated June 20, 2000, incorporated herein by reference, regarding staff-initiated modification recommendations to Draft General Plan policies in the following areas: Community Development and Design Element Natural Resources Element Health and Safety Element Recreation Element Mr.Manuel recalled that a request by Eihnard Diaz to expand the definition of parkland to include the Riverview Golf and Country Club,the Tierra Oaks Golf Course,The McConnell Foundation headquarters,and school facilities from earlier in the evening was forwarded for discussion along with staff-initiated modifications to the Recreation Element of the Draft General Plan. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward contended that privately owned golf courses could not be considered as parkland because they chose who used the facility, rather parkland should be considered any recreational activity that was on predominantly City-owned land and open to the 06/28/00 8 public on an ongoing basis. He remarked that,based on Mr.Diaz's contention, facilities such as Waterworks Park and health clubs would also be considered parkland. Vice Chairman Woodward surmised that the request was a tactic for developers to avoid the requirement of developing parks. Commissioner Fred Weatherill agreed and asked for further information regarding consistency with other policies. Development Services Director Jim Hamilton explained that staff's goal was to create internal consistency and ensure that new development contributed to parks,recreation,and improved open-space needs of the City. In response to Commissioner Maureen Gaynor,Mr.Hamilton related that privately owned facilities had potential to be included as parkland,but the question was whether they should be and what criteria should be used to allow it. He said such criteria could be determined through the approval of specific new projects or through the development of a Parks and Recreation Master Plan,applying to all new projects. Commissioner Randy Memeo asked if the exclusion of trails as parkland in the current wording of the Draft General Plan also pertained to the citywide trail system. Mr. Hamilton replied affirmatively. Commissioner Weatherill asked for further information on how Policy HS4J,regarding public access under the Health and Safety Element,was developed. Fire Marshal Bruce Becker related that the requirement that residential areas having 50 or more dwelling units and each commercial development employing 150 or more people to have at least two connected points of public access was established in accordance with Shasta County and Division of Forestry guidelines. Motion: Commissioner Gaynor moved that the Planning Commission adopt the staff-initiated modifications to Draft General Plan policies and deny the request by Eihnard Diaz that the definition of parkland be expanded to include golf courses, The McConnell Foundation headquarters,and school facilities. Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Discussion: Commissioner Fred Weatherill said he opposed the inclusion of private property and trails as parkland. Mr.Manuel related that this would occur only in new development. Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Swanson,and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Weatherill Abstain: Commissioner Memeo Senior Planner Kent Manuel itemized the list of recommended changes in land use designations on the General Plan Diagram in the following locations: Airport Road at Avtech Parkway from"Greenway"to"General Industry"and"Residential,1 to 2 units per acre." Senior Planner Kent Manuel indicated that the Federal Aviation Administration had indicated that this safety zone for the"crosswind runway"would not be needed,since the City had modified its Airport Master Plan to eliminate the extension of the runway. In response to Commissioner Fred Weatherill, Mr. Manuel confirmed that an "Industrial" designation was appropriate for this property,since it was located in the noise contour of Redding Municipal Airport. Southeast corner of Masonic Avenue and Lake Boulevard intersection from"Shopping Center" to "General CommerciaL" Senior Planner Kent Manuel advised that use of this center had changed now that a call center would takeover the bulk of the floor area. He said the appropriate classification would now be"General Commercial,"rather than"Shopping Center." Masonic Lodge from "Residential"to "General CommerciaL" Senior Planner Kent Manuel related that the Masonic Lodge was constructed under a"C-2"Central Commercial zoning district,although the property was reclassified as"Residential"on the General 06/28/00 9 Plan. He said it was recommended that the Draft Plan reflect a"General Commercial"classification for consistency purposes. Northeast corner of Hartnell Avenue and Cypress Avenue intersection from "Shopping Center to "General Commercial." Senior Planner Kent Manuel stated that use of this center had changed now that a call center would takeover the bulk of the floor area. He advised that the appropriate classification would now be "General Commercial,"rather than"Shopping Center." Seven acres on Industrial Street from"Retail Commercial"and"Residential,12.0 units per acre" to "Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre." Senior Planner Kent Manuel said the existing General Plan classified this property as "Retail Commercial" and "Residential, 12 units per acre." He continued that the Draft General Plan classified the property as"Heavy Commercial." Mr.Manuel reported that the owner of the property concurred with staff that this seven-acre site was a reasonable location for multiple-family housing. He indicated that the new Safeway center would provide services to the residents. Further,Mr. Manuel stated that development could be coordinated with the multiple-family lands to the east and south. He summarized that it was recommended by staff that this property be classified as "Residential, 10 to 20 units per acre." North end of Benton Airpark clear zone from "Greenway"to "Residential, 2 to 3.5 units per acre." Senior Planner Kent Manuel related that this privately owned property was classified as"Park"in the existing General Plan and"Greenway"in the Draft General Plan. He said it was recommended by staff that the property be classified"Residential,2 to 3.5 units per acre." Mr.Manuel pointed out that development of the property would have to be in accordance with the adopted Comprehensive Lane Use Plan for the Airpark. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward queried whether any consideration had been given to leaving the area as"Greenway." Mr.Manuel responded that the concern was that the Plan would suggest that the property owner could not develop the property under that designation. Bryan Hill,7294 Chum Creek Road,representative of the Sierra Club,asked what would be the cumulative impact of noise on residents in the Airport Road area. Development Services Director jim Hamilton responded that there were various policies in the Draft EIR and General Plan,as a self- mitigating document, requiring that the issue of noise be addressed and mitigated through the application of appropriate standards. Motion: Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins moved that the Planning Commission approve staff-initiated recommendations regarding changes in land use classifications on the General Plan Diagram of the Draft General Plan. Second: Commissioner Tina Swanson Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Swanson, Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: Commissioner Randy Memeo Absent: None Requests for Draft General Plan Policy Amendments,by Eihnard Diaz G-030-000 Senior Planner Kent Manuel provided an overview of a packet dated June 27,2000,incorporated herein by reference,regarding concerns brought to the attention of staff by Eihnard Diaz regarding Draft General Plan policy clarifications. Under the Community Development and Design Element, Mr. Manuel suggested that Policy CDD9E,requiring that developments over 20 acres in size provide a clear focal point such as a park or community center within the project,be eliminated,since it was not appropriate at all locations 06/28/00 10 and duplicated other portions of the Plan. He also suggested that Policy CDD16B be amended to require that all improvements be provided at the time of street construction where appropriate. Mr. Manuel reported that with regard to the Natural Resources Element,it was recommended that Policy NR6A be amended to require the preservation of watercourses,vernal pools,riparian habitat,and wetlands in their natural state to the extent feasible. He stated that Policy RI IF of the Recreation Element should address the need to design trail systems in a manner that protected the privacy and security of adjacent land uses. Under the Public Facilities and Services Element, Mr. Manuel advised that the first paragraph on page 3 of the Element should be modified to define the intent of service level thresholds by adding: "The facility and service thresholds that follow are intended to guide planning and funding decisions,but not to be proscriptive in nature." Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission accept the recommendations for Draft General Plan Policy amendments included in the Diaz memo of June 27,2000. Second: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood,Gaynor,Maurer-Watkins,Memeo,Swanson,Weatherill, and Woodward Noes: None Abstain: None Absent: None PUBLIC COMMENT FOR CONSIDERATION OF DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT AND DRAFT GENERAL PLAN(2000-2020) G-030-000 Stuart Oliver,2755 Russell Street,stated that residents of the Parkview Neighborhood had concerns with heavy traffic on Polk Avenue at the junction of Ellis Street. He related that industrial vehicles utilized the residential streets in close proximity to Juniper Academy and that the neighborhood wished to restrict heavy traffic from that intersection. Mr.Oliver requested that latitude be given in the Draft General Plan to the Public Works Director, allowing the extension of Grange Street to connect with Ellis Street. He said a covered cul-de-sac at this location would provide a sheltered transfer point where parents could pick up schoolchildren, rather than driving through the neighborhood to Juniper Academy. Bryan Hill, 7294 Churn Creek Road, representative of the Sierra Club, outlined a number of concerns,incorporated herein by reference,regarding the Draft EIR and General Plan,summarized as follows: 1. He indicated that the Planning Area population should be stated as 252,500,with 126,500 residing within the City limits. 2. He related that smaller-scale,mixed-use alternatives suggested by the General Plan Task Force were never discussed, and mixed-use opportunities should be better incorporated into redevelopment as well as new development. 3. He said it was unclear whether uses commonly associated with residential areas,such as churches,schools,parks,residential care facilities,and child care facilities,would be allowed in residential areas. 4. He stated that Policy CDDIG regarding annexation was incompatible with Goal CDDI regarding growth-inducing impacts. 5. He noted that sewer and water service costs increased as the distance between plants that provided the services and residences increased. He inquired how"fair share,"referred to in Policy CDD2A,would be determined. 6. He said Policy CDD3A did not define appropriate standards for minor encroachment. 7. With regard to Policy CDD11F, he asked if owner occupation was a required permanent condition that would remain with property allowed to construct guesthouses and second residences after ownership was transferred. 06/28/00 11 8. He indicated that Policy CDD11G should clarify where flag lots would be considered in character with the neighborhood. 9. He requested that Policy CDD 11 H be expanded by adding that the City intended to achieve an equal distribution of multiple-family housing throughout the City,so no one neighborhood was forced to accept more than its fair share. 10. He suggested that Policy CDD13A clarify what constituted sufficient grounds for a General Plan amendment. 11. He stated that maps in the Transportation Element were inconsistent with text with regard to transportation links and that this section did not address expanding existing bridges. 12. He said the Economic Development Element was inconsistent with the Community Design Element regarding location of employment places and that Policy ED3D should be expanded to include less tangible benefits, such as community aesthetics, health and safety, and supporting transit and mixed-use development. 13. He related that Policy NR3A should be expanded to include using retention basins that could be used as recharge basins,that NR6A be expanded to protect vernal pools, and that NR6D project-specific setbacks should consider the potential for nutrient or pesticide rich urban runoff to impact riparian areas. 14. Under the Health and Safety Element,he stated that Policy HS8 should include a policy for considering the impact of new development on emergency-service provision so that response time was not diminished as a result. Seeing no one else wishing to comment on the Draft EER and General Plan,Vice Chairman Mark Woodward closed the public hearing at 7:12 p.m. At the hour of 7:13 p.m., Vice Chairman Woodward announced a recess. The meeting was reconvened at 7:17 p.m. PLANNING COMMISSION COMMENTS G-030-000 Commissioner Tina Swanson stated that the Draft General Plan process was lengthy and fascinating, and she was happy it was coming to an end. Commissioner Gary Brickwood thanked staff and everyone involved for the excellent work that went into the General Plan Update. Commissioner Fred Weatherill opined that the Plan benefitted too few and that the real winners were special interests. He opined that the Plan sacrificed quality of life for the City's present residents. Commissioner Weatherill indicated that its goals were set in assumptions and that because of the assumptions, all the policies and goals would not slow the growth of the City, and the consequence of growth would be borne by the residents. He surmised that the Plan did not mitigate the effects of growth,rather it strove to accommodate. Commissioner Weatherill contended that the Plan was concerned with the welfare of the thousands of strangers expected to move to Redding,but the reality was that most residents liked the City the way it was now. He stated that the Plan was only as credible as it was successfully implemented and that credibility of the Plan must include some form of enforceable timing and sequence in programming for development. Commissioner Weatherill indicated that only legislative ordinance would make the Plan believable and protect residents from unmitigated consequences of the growth planned and executed by others. He consented that growth was a reality,but stated that we should be its masters and not its victim. Commissioner Weatherill said the future must be about more than money, but should be about moving what was good in the present to the future. He concluded that the Plan should be radically overhauled and new assumptions made. Commissioner Maureen Gaynor considered the Plan to be sound. She noted that the communitywas able to provide input,and the experience was very educational. Commissioner Gaynor said the City needed a working plan for the future, and this was it. She was also happy that the Planning Commission's part had come to an end,and thanked staff for all their hard work. 06/28/00 12 Commissioner Jan Maurer-Watkins indicated that the Plan had come a long way since the community began working on it,but that was not to say it should not be constantly improved. She .._ remarked that this was not the end,only the beginning,and she supported moving forward with the Draft General Plan. Commissioner Randy Memeo thanked staff and the members of the public who provided input, stating it was very helpful throughout the process. He referred to the Plan as a living document that could change as the City progressed,and he expressed optimism in the future. Vice Chairman Mark Woodward advised that plans were designed to represent all aspects of a community, but were not perfect. He believed every effort was made by staff, the Planning Commission, and the General Plan Task Force to design a plan with vision that provided a reasonable approach to future growth. He related that he never expected to agree with every portion of the Plan,but explained that consensus was supporting the document and hoping those parts you believed in made it work. Vice Chairman Woodward noted that anyone could find areas to criticize, but he expressed confidence that the Plan,as a whole.met and exceeded its goals. He called on each Commissioner to vote their conscience,but hoped that the Commission would support the document as a whole and send a clear message to the City Council for support of the Plan. RECOMMENDATION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION TO THE CITY COUNCIL REGARDING THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT (FEIR) AND THE REDDING GENERAL PLAN(2000-2020) G-030-000 Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that the Planning Commission adopt Resolution No. 2000-03, recommending that the City Council accept and certify the Final Environmental Impact Report and all its contents for the General Plan Update as complete and adequate in addressing the environmental effects of the proposed project and that said FEIR has been completed in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act, the CEQA guidelines, and the City of Redding Implementing Procedures. Second: Commissioner Gary Brickwood Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Swanson, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Abstain: None Absent: None Motion: Commissioner Tina Swanson moved that Resolution No.2000-02 be adopted,finding that the Planning Commission has reviewed the General Plan Update,its General Plan Diagram and text,as well as the information in the record,and after receipt of public testimony in a properly noticed Public Hearing,hereby recommends the Draft General Plan to the City Council for hearing and adoption. Second: Commissioner Maureen Gaynor Discussion: None Ayes: Commissioners Brickwood, Gaynor, Maurer-Watkins, Memeo, Swanson, and Woodward Noes: Commissioner Fred Weatherill Abstain: None Absent: None BUSINESS FROM THE FLOOR Development Services Director Jim Hamilton expressed appreciation to the Planning Commission. He stated that it had been a long process with an honest effort made to balance a great deal of input and consideration of interests. Mr. Hamilton commended Senior Planner Kent Manuel for his outstanding work. Commissioner Fred Weatherill stated that staff did an excellent job, and recommended that the Planning Commission draft a letter commending Senior Planner Manuel for his steadfastness throughout the General Plan Update. 06/28/00 13 Vice Chairman Mark Woodward agreed, stating that Mr. Manuel put in a great deal of time and effort dealing with various interest groups and bringing it all together to a consensus. He noted that there was more work to do,and he looked forward to Mr.Manuel spearheading the General Plan Update completion. Vice Chairman Woodward thanked all involved for their hard work and dedication,and commended the Planning Commission for an admirable job in representing the City Council. ADJOURNMENT There being no further business to come before the Planning Commission, Vice Chairman Mark Woodward adjourned the meeting at the hour of 7:32 p.m. Jim Hamilton,AICP Mark Woodward Acting Secretary Vice Chairman 06/28/00 2000 -2020 GENERAL PLAN DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT INTRODUCTION This Environmental Impact Report (EIR) on the City of Redding General Plan was prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). CEQA mandates the preparation of draft and final environmental impact reports for projects or programs that have the potential of resulting in adverse impacts on the environment. Detailed requirements concerning both content and process are set forth in the California Code of Regulations,Title 14,Chapter 3: Guidelines forlmplementation of the California Environmental Quality Act (hereinafter referred to as State CEQA Guidelines). THE PURPOSE OF THIS EIR The purposes of CEQA (and thus EIRs) are summarized in Article 1 of the State CEQA Guidelines. Article 1 reads, in part, as follows: §15002. General Concepts (a) Basic Purposes of CEQA. The basic purposes of CEQA are to: (1) Inform governmental decision-makers and the public about the potential,significant environmental effects of proposed activities. (2) Identify ways that environmental damage can be avoided or significantly reduced. (3) Prevent significant, avoidable damage to the environment by requiring changes in projects through the use of alternatives or mitigation measures when the governmental agency finds the changes to be feasible. (4) Disclose to the public the reasons why a governmental agency approved the project in the manner the agency chose if significant environmental effects are involved. Subsection (f) of this section summarizes the purpose and content of an EIR: (f) Environmental Impact Reports and Negative Declarations. An environmental impact report (EIR) is the public document used by the governmental agency to analyze the significant environmental effects of a proposed project, to identify alternatives, and to disclose possible ways to reduce or avoid the possible environmental damage. (1) An EIR is prepared when the public agency finds substantial evidence that the project may have a significant effect on the environment. (See: §15064(a)(1).) Subsection (g) summarizes the concept of "significant effect": (g) Significant Effect on the Environment. A significant effect on the environment is defined as a substantial adverse change in the physical conditions which exist in the area affected by the proposed project. (See: §15382.) Further, when an EIR identifies a significant effect,the government agency approving the project must make findings on whether the Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1 April 19,2000 Introduction adverse environmental effects have been substantially reduced or if not, why not. (See: §15091.) §15121. Informational Document (a) An EIR is an informational document which will inform public agency decision-makers and the public generally of the significant environmental effect of a project, identify possible ways to minimize the significant effects, and describe reasonable alternatives to the project. The public agency shall consider the information in the EIR along with other information which may be presented to the agency. (b) While the information in the EIR does not control the agency's ultimate discretion on the project, the agency must respond to each significant effect identified in the EIR by making findings under Section 15091 and, if necessary, by making a statement of overriding considerations under Section 15093. (c) The information in an EIR may constitute substantial evidence in the record to support the agency's action on the project if its decision is later challenged in court. This EIR serves two basic purposes. First, it establishes the environmental framework for adoption of the General Plan, providing information to the public, Planning Commission, and City Council concerning the potential consequences of adopting the plan, and, second, it serves as a program EIR to streamline environmental review for subsequent projects that implement the General Plan(e.g.,specific plans, individual projects). RELATIONSHIP OF THE GENERAL PLAN AND EIR The State CEQA Guidelines provides the following general directions concerning the coordination of planning and environmental impact assessment: §15080. General To the extent possible, the EIR process should be combined with the existing planning, review, and project approval process used by each public agency. The State CEQA Guidelines provides for combining the EIR with the general plan as follows: §15166. EIR as Part of a General Plan (a) The requirements for preparing an EIR on a local general plan, element, or amendment thereof will be satisfied by using the general plan, or element document, as the EIR and no separate EIR will be required, if: (1) The general plan addresses all the points required to be in an EIR by Article 9 of these Guidelines, and Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2 April 19,2000 Introduction (2) The document contains a special section or a cover sheet identifying where the general plan document addresses each of the points required. This EIR documents the environmental considerations incorporated into the process of preparing the General Plan and evaluates the environmental implications and effects of the plan. In accordance with the two sections of the State CEQA Guidelines cited above, and in an effort to minimize repetition of information,three separate General Plan documents are being used to satisfy the requirements for an EIR. These are: (1)the General Plan Policy Document; (2)the General Plan Background Report,which describes existing conditions and trends in Redding; and (3) this Environmental Impact Report, which assesses the environmental implications and effects of the General Plan. Together,these three documents address all the issues required by the State CEQA Guidelines to be covered in an EIR. USE OF THIS EIR AS A PROGRAM EIR This EIR was prepared as and is intended for future use as a program EIR. The State CEQA Guidelines describes the program EIR as follows: §15168. Program EIR General A program EIR is an EIR which may be prepared on a series of actions that can be characterized as one large project and are related either: (1) Geographically, (2) A logical parts in the chain of contemplated actions, (3) In connection with issuance of rules,regulations,plans,or other general criteria to govern the conduct of a continuing program, or (4) As individual activities carried out under the same authorizing statutory or regulatory authority and having generally similar environmental effects which can be mitigated in similar ways. Advantages Use of a program EIR can provide the following advantages. The program EIR can: (1) Provide an occasion for a more exhaustive consideration of effects and alternatives than would be practical in an EIR on an individual action, (2) Ensure consideration of cumulative impacts that might be slighted in a case-by-case analysis, (3) Avoid duplicative reconsideration of basic policy considerations, Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3 April 19,2000 Introduction (4) Allow the Lead Agency to consider broad policy alternatives and programwide mitigation measures at an early time when the agency has greater flexibility to deal with basic problems or cumulative impacts, and (5) Allow reduction in paperwork. Use with Later Activities Subsequent activities in the program must be examined in the light of the program EIR to determine whether an additional environmental document must be prepared. (1) If a later activity would have effects that were not examined in the program EIR,a new Initial Study would need to be prepared leading to either an EIR or a Negative Declaration. (2) If the agency finds that pursuant to Section 15162, no new effects could occur or no new mitigation measures would be required,the agency can approve the activity as being within the scope of the project covered by the program EIR, and no new environmental document would be required. (3) An agency shall incorporate feasible mitigation measures and alternatives developed in the program EIR into subsequent actions in the program. (4) Where the subsequent activities involve site specific operations, the agency should use a written checklist or similar device to document the evaluation of the site and the activity to determine whether the environmental effects of the operation were covered in the program EIR. (5) A program EIR will be most helpful in dealing with subsequent activities if it deals with the effects of the program as specifically and comprehensively as possible. With a good and detailed analysis of the program,many subsequent activities could be found to be within the scope of the project described in the program EIR,and no further environmental documents would be required. Use with Subsequent EIRs and Negative Declarations A program EIR can be used to simplify the task of preparing environmental documents on later parts of the program. The program EIR can: (1) Provide the basis in an Initial Study for determining whether the later activity may have any significant effects. (2) Be incorporated by reference to deal with regional influences, secondary effects, cumulative impacts, broad alternatives, and other factors that apply to the program as a whole. (3) Focus an EIR on a subsequent project to permit discussion solely of new effects which had not been considered before. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4 April 19,2000 Introduction Notice with Later Activities When a law other than CEQA requires public notice when the agency later proposes to carry out or approve an activity within the program and to rely on the program EIR for CEQA compliance,the notice for the activity shall include a statement that: (1) This activity is within the scope of the program approved earlier, and (2) The program EIR adequately describes the activity for the purposes of CEQA. Use of the program EIR enables the Lead Agency to characterize the overall program as the project being approved at that time.Following this approach when individual activities within the program are proposed,the agency would be required to examine the individual activities to determine whether their effects were fully analyzed in the program EIR. If the activities would have no effects beyond those analyzed in the program EIR,the agency could assert that the activities are merely part of the program which had been approved earlier,and no further CEQA compliance would be required.This approach offers many possibilities for agencies to reduce their costs of CEQA compliance and still achieve high levels of environmental protection. FORECASTING, DEGREE OF SPECIFICITY, AND SPECULATION The State CEQA Guidelines includes the following discussions regarding forecasting,speculation,and the degree of specificity required in an EIR: §15144. Forecasting Drafting an EIR or preparing a Negative Declaration necessarily involves some degree of forecasting. While foreseeing the unforeseeable is not possible,an agency must use its best efforts to find out and disclose all that it reasonably can. §15145. Speculation If,after thorough investigation,a Lead Agency finds that a particular impact is too speculative for evaluation, the agency should note its conclusion and terminate discussion of the impact. §15146. Degree of Specificity The degree of specificity required in an EIR will correspond to the degree of specificity involved in the underlying activity which is described in the EIR. (a) An EIR on a construction project will necessarily be more detailed in the specific effects of the project than will be an EIR on the adoption of a local general plan or comprehensive zoning ordinance because the effects of the construction can be predicted with greater accuracy. (b) An EIR on a project such as the adoption or amendment of a comprehensive zoning ordinance or a local general plan should focus on the secondary effects that can be expected Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5 April 19,2000 Introduction to follow from the adoption or amendment,but the EIR need not be as detailed as an EIR on the specific construction projects that might follow. ORGANIZATION OF THIS DOCUMENT The main body of this EIR is divided into nine chapters as follows. Note: The Public Services Draft General Plan is referred to as the General Plan. The current General Plan is referred to as the existing General Plan. Chapter 1 (Project Description and Impact Summary)describes the General Plan preparation process and key features of Redding's General Plan and summarizes the plan's significant environmental impacts. Chapter 2 (Assumptions and Development Estimates)summarizes and explains development d intensity assumptions used to prepare development estimates upon which the Program EIR ,sessment is based. This chapter includes a discussion of existing and potential residential and nonresidential development as well as employment growth and population estimates. Chapter 3 (Land Use,Housing,and Population Impacts)evaluates the land use,housing,and population impacts of the plan. Chapter 4(Transportation)assesses transportation impacts and alternative transportation modes. Chapter 5 (Public Facilities and Services) reviews impacts on public facilities and services, including water supply and distribution;wastewater collection,treatment,and disposal;and storm drainage. Chapter 6(Other Public Facilities and Services)assesses the plan's impact on law enforcement, fire protection services, schools,parks, solid waste, electricity, and other public utilities. Chapter 7 (Natural Environment) examines the plan's impacts on natural resources including water resources, agricultural resources, mineral resources, special-status species and wildlife habitat. Chapter 8 (Health and Safety) reviews health and safety impacts of the plan, which include seismic and geologic hazards, wildland and urban fire potential, flooding, hazardous materials, airport safety, air quality, and noise. Chapter 9 (Mandatory CEQA Sections) addresses mandatory EIR sections, including alternatives, significant irreversible effects, growth-inducing impacts, and cumulative impacts. For each subject addressed in Chapters 3 through 8,the discussion is broken generally into the following six parts: Environmental Setting:This section briefly summarizes pertinent information concerning existing conditions. Since the General Plan Background Report constitutes the comprehensive setting for the Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6 April 19,2000 Introduction EIR,this section focuses on the highlights, while referring the reader to appropriate sections of the General Plan Background Report. Methodology: This section discusses the methodology, including assumptions and thresholds of significance, used to identify implications and to assess impacts. Implications of the General Plan Diagram:This section projects conditions that could result from the development of the land uses shown on the General Plan Diagram without consideration of the policies and programs included in the General Plan Policy Document. General Plan Policy Response: This section references specific policies and programs contained in the General Plan Policy Document that address the implications identified in the previous part. While this discussion focuses primarily on policies and programs that respond directly to the potential negative implications of the General Plan Diagram,it also in some cases identifies policies or programs that reduce impacts that may not be considered significant. Impacts: This section describes any negative environmental impacts of the General Plan Diagram which would remain unresolved or potentially unresolved by the policies and programs contained in the Policy Document. The discussion includes an assessment of the severity of impacts, including a conclusion as to whether impacts are considered significant according to CEQA. The impacts are characterized as significant,potentially significant, or less than significant. Mitigation Measures: This section identifies mitigation measures that could lessen or eliminate negative impacts identified as"significant" or"potentially significant" according to CEQA standards, or, in some cases,to identify additional mitigation for impacts considered "less than significant." TIME FRAMES FOR THE EIR This EIR assesses impacts based on two different time frames depending on the topic. The EIR uses the 2020 time frame for analysis of roadway impacts since 2020 is the time currently being used in the City's [and County's] traffic model. The 2020 time frame is also used for air quality and noise impacts since these impacts are determined primarily by traffic impacts. For all other impact categories,the EIR uses buildout of the General Plan,which is not time-specific but will occur well after 2020. Chapter 2 discusses the projected buildout horizons based on various growth rate assumptions for residential, commercial, and industrial categories. Table 1 below identifies by EIR chapter where the two time frames are used. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7 April 19,2000 Introduction TABLE 1 TIME FRAMES FOR EIR ANALYSIS Redding General Plan Issue Year 2020 Buildout of the (General Plan General Plan Horizon) Chapter 3;Land Use,Housing and Population Land Use X Housing and Population X Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation Street and Roadway System X Public Transportation X Nonmotorized Transportation X Air Transportation X Chapter 5: Public Facilities and Services Water Supply X Wastewater X Storm Drainage X Chapter 6: Other Public Facilities and Services Law Enforcement X Fire Protection Services X Schools X Parks X Solid Waste X Electricity X Other Public Utilities X Chapter 7: Natural Environment Water Resources X Agricultural Resources X Wildlife Habitat X Mineral Resources X Chapter 8: Health and Safety Seismic and Geologic Hazards X Wildland and Urban Fire Potential X Flooding X Hazardous Materials X Airport Safety X Air Quality X Noise X Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND IMPACT SUMMARY 1.1 INTRODUCTION The subject of this EIR is a comprehensive update of the City of Redding's General Plan. This chapter of the EIR describes the project setting,defines the project,explains the City of Redding's General Plan update process, and summarizes the environmental effects of the Plan found to be significant or potentially significant according to the standards of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). 1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Redding General Plan summarized below provide a framework for the environmental analysis,consideration of alternatives,and identification of mitigation measures to address potential impacts. The General Plan Task Force identified the following objectives for the General Plan update: o Environmental protection. o Development of a broad range of parks,trails, and recreation facilities. o Enhancement of community character and identity. • Transit alternatives. ► Neighborhood identity, preservation, and enhancement. ► Economic development. • Planning for the Downtown and Park Marina Drive areas. 1.3 PROJECT SETTING The City of Redding is located in Shasta County in Northern California (see Figure 1-1). It lies approximately 100 miles south of the Oregon border on Interstate 5 and 160 miles north of Sacramento. Redding is bisected by the Sacramento River,which flows south to Sacramento and then eventually into San Francisco Bay. Situated at the northern end of the Sacramento Valley, incorporated Redding is the largest city in Shasta County with a 1999 population of approximately 78,500 and is also the county seat. By law, the general plan must cover all territory within the boundaries of the city as well as "any land outside its boundaries which, in the planning agency's judgement, bears relation to its planning" (Government Code Section 65300). To meet the intent of the law, the City of Redding designated a Planning Area that extends beyond the city's incorporated limits and encompasses approximately 74,500 acres,or a little over 116 square miles. The planning area for the new General Plan is identical to the planning area identified in the existing General Plan. Following closely the Planning Area boundary (but excluding Churn Creek Bottom) is the Redding Sphere of Influence,a line adopted by the Shasta County Local Agency Formation Commission(LAFCO) in 1988 defining a 106-square-mile (67,840-acre) area as the area within which City services and the City boundary can logically be extended within the next 20 to 30 years. However,the General Plan defines the future urban area in terms of Primary and Secondary Growth Areas as discussed below and depicted in Figure 1-2. The Sphere of Influence contains both incorporated and unincorporated lands. The incorporated city limits in 1999 contained approximately 59 square miles, over which Redding exercises Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-1 April 19,2000 n • SHASTA LAKE a •BELLA VISTA OLD• ® `� `J SHASTA ci=a[ss Q PALO C CEDRO REDDING • T 0 ANDERSON \ \ \ \ I , \ \ \ SISKYOu CO. \ V CASTCLLA•, 1'LIRT YeCLOUD / aIRTNEIR �S \ ® 414Q LI \ in REMD A BRA FALL R1VER / \ ILS ft • -V. _ M • \ \ `\ it CA3DSL uMENEAD 41:,) • � 1 \ •\ \ I I CREEK ® S." i ua ! z \ GULC2 S9ASl1o V' RENI I • CENRAL «D J VsrATgM/• ita REDS 400/1 WNffY011E L rEINat DNO . ANDERSON" Of \ ,ilAlliWrq.Eirilisigr • a . Far , Op, TCNAW CO. D:\GP\FIG1-1 DECEMBER 1998 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: dit CITY OF BEDDING, FIGURE 1-1 CITY OF BEDDING DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT. 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V aA` PRIMARY GROWTH AREA �\ N. amDERSCH /////. SECONDARY GROWTH AREA ���_� f::::::::• :•1 CITY OF REDDING LIMITS s % NAME MARCH 2000 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: iiibo CITY OF REDDING, FIGURE 1-2 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT. GROWTH AREAS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary zoning control and police powers and provides most public services.Shasta County plans for and regulates land use and development in the unincorporated area. While the Planning Area consists of approximately 116 square miles,not all of that land is intended to be annexed to the City of Redding. The policies of the General Plan direct urban growth to "Primary and Secondary Growth Areas" (Policies CDD IA and CDD1B). The Primary Growth Area, which includes the city limits and certain areas immediately adjacent to the corporate boundary, consists of approximately 69 square miles. The Secondary Growth Area encompasses about 12 square miles, for a total of 81 square miles. (See Figure 1-2.) 1.4 THE GENERAL PLAN PREPARATION PROCESS In the early 1990s,the Redding City Council realized that the city was on the threshold of transitioning from a relatively small community to a mid-sized city of regional importance,thus it needed to prepare for the challenges that this change would bring. As a result,the General Plan Update process was initiated in September 1995. To assist in updating the General Plan,the City Council appointed a 30-person citizen General Plan Task Force. The members of this Task Force were selected to represent a broad range of viewpoints and interests within the community. The Task Force worked with City staff, consultants, and the community to provide a vision for Redding's future and to develop a plan to take Redding into the next century. As the foundation for policy development, a multi-disciplinary consulting team, in collaboration with City staff, prepared a General Plan Background Report describing existing conditions and trends in Redding. The General Plan Background Report was released in May 1996 and revised in July 1998. Some of the background information was further refined or updated during the preparation of the EIR. The next step in the process was to identify key issues and options for the General Plan to address and summarize them for public review. This was accomplished through the preparation of an Issues and Alternatives Report issued in May 1997. The report focused on what were considered the most important policy, program, land use, circulation, and development concerns to be addressed in the General Plan. These issues were identified based largely on findings within the General Plan Background Report and extensive discussions among consulting team members, City officials, other public agencies, various organizations,developers,and individual citizens. The Issues and Alternatives Report was divided into two parts. Part 1 presented a discussion of key land use and related issues facing the city now and into the future. Part 2 provided four land use plan alternatives, each presenting a distinct way in which the community could grow. Following public release of the Issues and Alternatives Report,City staff began to prepare the General Plan Policy Document, including goals, policies, and implementation programs for each element. Upon completion of each draft element,the General Plan Task Force thoroughly reviewed and commented on the policy language. The group also participated in a joint workshop with the Planning Commission and City Council to discuss issues of particular concern and/or controversy. The Task Force's recommendations were ultimately forwarded to the Planning Commission,City Council,and members of the public in the form of a Public Review Draft General Plan. Subsequent modifications to the Public Review Draft General Plan were made in response to both written and oral comments from the public, Planning Commission, and City Council. Opportunities for Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 14 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary additional public review and comment were provided following public release of the Public Hearing Draft General Plan and accompanying General Plan EIR in 2000. 1.5 SUMMARY OF THE GENERAL PLAN STRUCTURE OF THE GENERAL PLAN The General Plan Policy Document constitutes the formal policy of the City of Redding for land use, development,and environmental quality. It includes goals,policies,standards,implementation programs, quantified objectives,the General Plan Diagram, and circulation diagram. The General Plan Policy Document is divided into ten elements, plus an implementation chapter: 1. Community Development and Design. 2. Transportation. 3. Natural Resources. 4. Health and Safety. 5. Noise. 6. Public Facilities and Services. 7. Recreation. 8. Economic Development. 9. Housing. 10. Air Quality. 11. General Plan Implementation. With the exception of the Housing Element and Air Quality Element,which were subject to a technical update only, each element is composed of three sections. The first section discusses the purpose and content of the element. The second section cites the authority (State law) by which the element is included in the General Plan. The third section lists the goals and policies of the element. The General Plan Background Report inventories and analyzes existing conditions and trends in Redding. It provides background information and technical data used to produce the Policy Document;however, it will not be adopted as part of the Plan. The General Plan Background Report addresses eleven subjects: 1. Land Use. 2. Community Form. 3. Population. 4. Economic Conditions. 5. Fiscal and Budgetary Conditions. 6. Transportation and Circulation. 7. Public Facilities and Services. 8. Recreational, Archaeological, and Historic Resources. 9. Natural Resources and Air Quality. 10. Health and Safety. 11. Noise. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-5 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary GENERAL PLAN STRATEGY The overriding theme of the City of Redding's General Plan is transition. The primary challenge facing the community is how to successfully guide the city's transformation from a relatively self-contained,mid- sized city to a regional urban center,while maintaining certain features and improving the overall quality of life. The goals,policies,and programs in the General Plan were created in response to those challenges and the emerging new status of the city. The strategy called for by the General Plan for development of the community includes the following components: Urban Area The land use policies reinforce community desire to direct growth inward,rather than continue policies geared toward outward expansion. This will allow the City to better contain public-service costs and maintain service levels by taking advantage of existing infrastructure wherever feasible. For instance, focusing growth within the existing urban area will result in fewer miles of roads and utilities to construct and maintain. It will reduce the need for the construction, operation, and maintenance of new fire stations and will keep the service area for police services, solid waste collection, and similar services at a more manageable and efficient size. The General Plan Diagram reflects this approach by indicating those areas outlying the City where future urbanization would be appropriate subject to annexation to the City; however,policies are included in the Plan that will discourage annexation until additional land is actually needed for development. It is estimated that there is more than a 20-year supply of land available for urban, single-family development within the City limits of Redding. Single-family land is an excellent barometer of land needs because it is the largest consumer of land, accounting for about 60 percent of all developed land. Further,single-family housing will continue to be the favored housing choice of the real estate market for the foreseeable future. However, it is also important to monitor land absorption on a regular basis to ensure that enough land is available to moderate land costs, hence, housing affordability. This Plan provides flexibility for the future by designating areas for future urban expansion to accommodate future housing needs. Economic Development Creating a well-balanced economy is key to realizing the vast potential of the Redding area. With the decline of resource-based jobs over the past two decades,people in Redding now rely more and more on the service, retail, and recreation industries for jobs. Often, wages in the retail services and recreation industries are below the State average, diluting the average wage rate of the area. In December 1998,the Redding City Council adopted an economic development program for the City. The program contains numerous policies geared toward the attraction, retention, and expansion of businesses. The program includes substantial incentives designed to complement basic policies. The Economic Development Element contains policies which complement and expand upon the economic development program. The policies cover a wide range of activities, including attracting additional high-paying jobs to the community, recognizing the relationship of retail expansion to municipal revenues, and capitalizing on the benefits of a thriving Downtown. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1.6 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary Retail Commercial Growth Since the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978,municipalities have come to increasingly rely on revenue from sales taxes to pay for police,fire,planning,and other public services. Redding is no exception. The City has a unique advantage, since it is the regional hub for retail and service activities. However, this advantage does not come without costs. The late 1980s and the 1990s have witnessed strong growth in "big box" retailing, a phenomenon that is not unique to Redding. This retail strategy has changed the basic structure of the physical retail environment, with "super stores" dominating the scene. Redding realizes that it must be prepared for the increasing challenges that this brings, from a community- development perspective as well as the potential impact on existing businesses. The commercial land use classifications of this Plan have been developed to provide more certainty about the type and scale of commercial activities that can occur on given sites. For instance, rather than a generic Retail classification, as contained in Redding's previous General Plan, retail activities are now broken down by type. This strategy provides certainty as to the scale and type of commercial uses that are appropriate at given locations. For instance,the descriptions of the Neighborhood Commercial and Shopping Center classifications would preclude development of stores that depend on the regional trade area. Creating Cohesive Neighborhoods The Plan encourages and promotes the development of new neighborhood types that are not of the homogenous variety that have been constructed over the past 40 years. These new neighborhoods may include a mix of commercial and residential uses designed around a public space and served by transit, thereby helping to reduce dependence on the automobile. Most areas would be within walking distance of the transit stop;pedestrian and bike trails would be prevalent. These neighborhood types, described in the Plan as Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay,would not be required,but the Plan provides flexibility and incentives to encourage them. Numerous other policies also address designing neighborhoods to make them more livable. Promoting Well-Designed Public and Private Developments The design of buildings, streets, and public facilities can have long-lasting impacts on the livability of a community. Good design can: o Improve the quality of physical changes. ► Protect and increase the value of investment. ► Protect and enhance the existing character of an area. ► Discourage incompatible new construction. It is clear that design considerations also have limitations. They should not regulate or otherwise restrict growth, nor should they be seen as guaranteeing good design. A community must decide what level, if any, of design influence it wants to make. This Plan recognizes the importance of basic design principles by focusing predominantly on issues of form and function. For instance, policies: (1) suggest what new major streets should look like; (2) emphasize that taller buildings in certain locations can call attention to and help define an area; (3) encourage the undergrounding of existing overhead electric utilities; (4) provide generous creek and river corridors and ensure appropriate public views and access to these areas; (5) link residential neighborhoods to commercial areas, parks, schools, transit, and other destination points through Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary construction of bike and pedestrian trails; (6) emphasize the importance of appropriate relationships between uses and individual buildings. Downtown Revitalization Reclaiming Downtown as the heart and cultural center of Redding is of paramount importance. This Plan, in concert with the Downtown Specific Plan, lays the foundation for the transformation of Downtown through a number of policies geared to enhancing the pedestrian orientation, encouraging residential development, and investing in specific planning. These policies are found in the Downtown Focus Area section of the Community Development and Design Element. Compatibility With the Natural Environment The open feel of the City that is made possible by the Sacramento River and its tributaries, the open hillsides,and surrounding foothills and mountains plays an extremely important role in how residents and visitors view Redding. This Plan strives to strike a balance between the manmade environment and the importance placed on the natural setting. The Plan calls for a number of measures such as creek-corridor protection,sensitive hillside development,habitat protection,and protection of prominent ridge lines that provide a backdrop to the City. As a package, new development should accomplish the following: 1. Further the achievement of a more compact urban form. 2. Occur only with availability of essential services. 3. Be compatible with the site's natural topography and setting. 4. Protect limited environmental resources. 5. Enhance the community's image. 6. Preserve existing neighborhood character. 7. Assist in the development of transportation alternatives. 8. Be distinctive, of high quality, and contribute to the positive image of the city. 9. Improve pedestrian convenience and safety. 10. Be reflective of the neighborhood/district in which it is located. 11. Contain aesthetically pleasing streets. SUMMARY OF POLICY DOCUMENT The following is a chapter-by-chapter summary of the major proposals set forth in the Redding General Plan, including references to show how the goals, policies, implementation programs, and diagrams in each chapter relate to the major themes described above. Chapter 1: Community Development and Design This part is the most tangible of all of the policy chapters in the General Plan. It contains the General Plan Diagram that prescribes uses for all of the Planning Area,describes standards for each of the land use designations shown on the General Plan Diagram,and articulates a series of goals,policies,and programs designed to guide decisions concerning land use,development,and environmental protection in Redding. This element is referred to in the Government Code as the Land Use Element. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-8 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary General Plan Diagram The General Plan Diagram includes 26 land use designations falling within eight major categories, as shown in the following chart: CATEGORY DESIGNATION Residential 5P 5 Acres+/Unit 1-5 1-5 Acres/Unit 1-2 1-2 Units/Acre 2-3.5 2-3-6 Units/Acre 3.5-6 3.5-6 Units/Acre 6-10 6-10 Units/Acre 10-20 10-20 Units/Acre 20-30 20-30 Units/Acre Commercial LO Limited Office GO General Office NC Neighborhood Commercial SC Shopping Center GC General Commercial RC Regional Commercial MUC Mixed Use Core Heavy Commercial/Industrial HC Heavy Commercial HI Heavy Industry GI General Industry Public and Institutional PF-I Public Facilities or Institutional PF-I-S Public Facilities or Institutional (School) Airport Service AS Airport Service Parks PK Parks(improved open space) PK-G Golf course (public) REC Recreation Greenway(Open Space) GWY Greenway Overlays Critical Mineral Resource Overlay Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay Following are summaries of the General Plan's key land use proposals according to each of the major designation categories that appear on the General Plan Diagram. Residential Land Use The General Plan Diagram includes eight residential categories,which provide for a full range of housing types for the city.Each residential category includes a density range(minimum and maximum densities). These residential categories are expressed as the number of dwelling units per net acre of developable land, excluding areas subject to physical and environmental constraints, such as floodplains and steep slopes, except as otherwise noted in the plan's policies. Uses that are typically located in residential areas,such as churches, schools, parks, and child-care facilities, are allowed as conditional uses in the residential districts in accordance with the policies of this General Plan. Commercial Land Use and Development The General Plan includes eight commercial land use designations: Limited Office, General Office, Neighborhood Commercial,Shopping Center,Regional Commercial,General Commercial,Mixed Use Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-9 April 19,2000 • Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary Core, and Heavy Commercial. These land use designations range from small, neighborhood-serving commercial projects to commercial projects that are regional in scale. Residential uses may be established in conjunction with commercial uses in all commercial districts. Generally,such residential uses should be subordinate to the commercial use in scale and project impact. Industrial Land Use and Development The General Plan includes two industrial designations: General Industry and Heavy Industry. The Industrial land use classifications allow different types of warehousing, manufacturing, or processing businesses to be located in appropriate areas by accommodating a variety of manufacturing and employment activities ranging from small, employee-intensive businesses to large, capital-intensive businesses. Nonindustrial uses that share many of the characteristics identified in the industrial classifications are included in this category. Ancillary uses and restaurants are appropriate. Residential uses, except as necessary to provide facilities for night watchmen, are not appropriate. Mixed Use Overlay The City encourages the development of integrated, mixed land use configurations. The intent of allowing mixed land use developments is to encourage differing types of uses—such as residential, office, and retail commercial—to be integrated through either vertical mixed-use or through site design that functionally relates the various uses. Greenway This designation is intended for natural open space areas, particularly floodplain areas and hillsides exceeding 20 percent in slope. Its purpose is to protect the health and safety of residents and to preserve local resources and serve as places in which flora or fauna can be maintained in its natural state. It also provides relief from urbanization, reduces siltation from excessive grading, buffers various land use activities and transportation, are an important visual resource, and can be part of the city's trail system. Other Classifications Other classification categories include the following components: Airport Service, Public Facilities or Institutional, Recreation, Parks (Improved Open Space), and Critical Mineral Resource Overlay. Chapter 2: Transportation The Transportation Element (referred to by the Government Code as the Circulation Element)provides the necessary framework to guide the growth and development of the Planning Area's transportation- related infrastructure and integrates land use and transportation planning by ensuring that all existing and future developments have adequate circulation. The element is not limited to automobile-related transportation, but addresses the development of a balanced,multi-modal transportation system for the city, although the street and highway (circulation/access) system supports the movement of all •.ransportation modes, except air and rail, in Redding. Recognition of the regional nature of t.-ansportation facilities that various transport modes use and the need for interagency coordination is also emphasized. Chapter 2 of the General Plan Policy Document contains goals,policies, and implementation programs related to the following issues: Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-10 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary ▪ Streets and highways. ► Regional transportation planning. ► Neighborhood streets. ► Pedestrians. ▪ Public transportation and facilities. ▪ Bicycle system. ► Air transportation and facilities. • Railroad services and facilities. The overall emphasis of the policies and programs under these headings is the establishment and maintenance of a well-rounded transportation network that includes fully-connected and intersecting streets, pedestrian paths, and bike paths. Chapter 3: Natural Resources The City of Redding is fortunate to have a wide range of resources within its Planning Area. These resources include the Sacramento River,creeks,ponds,wetlands,vernal pools,and groundwater resources; a variety of vegetation types and communities;wildlife; archaeological,historic, and cultural resources; mineral resources; and agricultural lands. These resources contribute to the city's economy and are important elements of Redding's quality of life. Both responsible management and protection of these resources are needed. This Plan seeks to balance the need to accommodate growth with the need for the conservation, protection, and enhancement of the area's natural resources. This chapter addresses the following issues: ► Surface water. ▪ Ground water. ▪ Biological resources. ► Open space. • Archaeological, historic, and cultural resources. ► Mineral resources. ► Energy resources and conservation. ► Agricultural land. Chapter 4: Health and Safety This chapter contains goals, policies, and implementation measures designed to minimize the harmful effects of natural and man-made hazards. This information is organized under the following topics,each of which relates to specific conditions and concerns relevant to Redding: ► Seismic and geologic hazards. ► Emergency response. ► Flood hazards. ► Hazardous materials. ► Dam failure inundation. ► Critical, sensitive, and high occupancy ► Urban and wildland fire hazards. facilities. ► Crime prevention. ► Evacuation routes. ▪ Airport related hazards. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-11 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary Chapter 5: Noise The intent of the Noise Element is to document existing noise conditions and identify areas where potential noise problems exist. This information is to be considered when planning the location and type of development throughout the Planning Area. The primary objective is to protect people from exposure to excessive noise. Specific topics addressed in the General Plan Policy Document include: • Noise environment and measurements. ► Transportation noise sources. o Fixed noise sources. Chapter 6: Public Facilities and Services The Public Facilities and Services Element addresses the importance of planning for and maintaining essential public services at acceptable levels. It establishes specific service levels for police,fire,and other vital services. Further, it establishes certain thresholds that, when reached, will set in motion expansion/upgrade of utility,street, and other infrastructure. The element addresses: • Maintenance of community service levels. ► Public safety. o Utility infrastructure and services. ► Transportation facilities. • Recreational and cultural facilities. o Funding opportunities. Chapter 7: Recreation The goals,policies,and programs in Chapter 7 of this General Plan Policy Document articulate the City of Redding's strong commitment to ensuring high quality recreational opportunities for Redding residents and visitors. The purpose of the Recreation Element is to identify and document present park facilities;equate such facilities with current and long-term needs;establish attainable goals and objectives to meet the community's needs; and develop and adopt programs and plans which will accomplish the community's recreation goals.The policy content of the section is divided into the following nine topics: ► Natural and scenic open areas. ► Regional river parkway. ▪ Archaeological and historic resources (as they relate to park and recreation sites). ► Park planning and development. ▪ Compatibility with adjacent land uses. ► Facility funding and management. ► Recreation programs. • Citywide trail system. o Vandalism and user safety. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-12 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary Chapter 8: Economic Development Element The Economic Development Element addresses efforts the City will make in bringing additional primary industries and jobs to Redding as well as protecting the existing job base. It not only recognizes the value of providing appropriate incentives to attract and retain businesses, but it acknowledges the importance of building a community that is attractive to investors. The policy content is divided into the following four topics: ► Business attraction, expansion and retention. ► Community image. ► Retail and service industries. o Downtown revitalization. Chapter 9: Housing The City adopted its current Housing Element in 1997 and is not due for the next State-mandated update until 2003;however,several technical amendments have been made to the element to ensure consistency with the balance of the General Plan. Chapter 10: Air Quality The City adopted its current Air Quality Element in 1994. Several technical amendments have been made to the element to ensure consistency with the balance of the General Plan. 1.6 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES CEQA requires that an EIR consider alternatives to a project (Section 15126 (a)), providing sufficient information about each alternative to allow meaningful evaluation, analysis, and comparison with the proposed project. Following is a description of the four alternatives addressed in this EIR, as described in Chapter 9. 1. Alternative 1-Existing General Plan(No Project). This alternative assumes the City of Redding will not adopt a new general plan, but will continue to rely on the existing 1975 General Plan. 2. Alternative 2 - No Development (No Project). This alternative assumes no new development in Redding beyond what is currently built,essentially placing a moratorium on any future development. 3. Alternative 3-Limited Geographic Growth Alternative. This alternative limits urban development to the Primary Urban Growth Area and eliminates the Secondary Growth Areas on the east and west sides of the Redding city limits. This alternative would have a lower population and employment growth than under the General Plan. 4. Alternative 4-Environmental Superior Alternative. This alternative limits growth to the existing Redding city limits,precluding urban development within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. By reducing the geographic area within which growth can occur and lowering the population and employment growth,this alternative would substantially reduce the significant environmental impacts associated with new development in Redding. These impacts include the conversion of viable agricultural lands to urban uses and short-term and long-term air quality degradation. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary 1.7 IMPACT SUMMARY The environmental analysis of this EIR are based on"implementation"of the Redding General Plan. This term is intended to acknowledge that the maps,policies,and the implementation chapter of the General Plan would be in effect. The evaluation and level of potential environmental impacts are,therefore,based on implementation of all components of the proposed General Plan. It should also be noted that the General Plan (as with all general plans) establishes a long-term policy framework and land use guide for the City of Redding. A variety of regulatory tools is necessary to effectuate the maps and policies and to monitor implementation progress over time. Key regulatory tools include,for example,the Zoning Ordinance and related map and provisions of the Subdivision Map Act. Monitoring requirements proposed in the General Plan include an annual review by the City (required by Government Code) and comprehensive five-year reviews. These reviews allow the City to evaluate General Plan implementation progress,assess the resource inventory in relationship to desired thresholds, and fine-tune policies as needed to carry out the General Plan. A key map in the proposed General Plan is the General Plan Diagram (folded map) that shows planned land uses throughout the Planning Area. Since the timing of development in accordance with the General Plan Diagram will be a function of market conditions,the environmental analyses assumes that all vacant land within the "Primary and Secondary Growth Areas" is converted to the land uses as designated on the General Plan Diagram. The EIR does not consider phasing of land uses or interim development stages because such assumptions would be speculative. The exceptions are analyses for transportation, noise, and air quality impacts. These are based on projections of growth through the year 2020 as contained in the City's traffic model (see Chapter 4). The environmental analysis assumes full implementation of the General Plan. This is defined as the midrange of densities permitted within residential land use designations and the intensity assumptions established for nonresidential land uses. This EIR assesses the impacts of the General Plan by considering the impacts of development according to the General Plan Diagram and the policies and programs of the General Plan Policy Document. The EIR assesses the impacts of the General Plan as a whole(i.e.,General Plan Diagram,circulation diagram, goals,policies,and implementation programs)to reach a determination concerning the level of significance of impacts for CEQA purposes. It relies on available information in both the Background Report(as may be updated by this EIR) and the General Plan as the basis for impact analyses. The impacts of the General Plan are summarized in Table 1-1. In the following two areas, adoption of the General Plan would have a significant impact: 1. Agricultural resources. 2. Air quality. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary TABLE 1-1 IMPACT SUMMARY Redding General Plan Issue Significance Finding Chapter 3:Land Use,Housing and Population Land Use less than significant Housing and Population less than significant Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation Street and Roadway System less than significant Public Transportation less than significant Nonmotorized Transportation less than significant Air Transportation less than significant Chapter 5: Public Facilities and Services Water Supply less than significant Wastewater less than significant Storm Drainage less than significant Chapter 6: Other Public Facilities and Services Law Enforcement less than significant Fire Protection Services less than significant Schools less than significant Parks less than significant Solid Waste less than significant Electricity less than significant Other Public Utilities less than significant Chapter 7: Natural Environment Water Resources less than significant Agricultural Resources significant Wildlife Habitat less than significant Mineral Resources less than significant Chapter 8: Health and Safety Seismic and Geologic Hazards less than significant Wildland and Urban Fire Potential less than significant Flooding less than significant Hazardous Materials less than significant Airport Safety less than significant Air Quality significant Noise less than significant Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-15 April 19,2000 Chapter 1: Project Description and Impact Summary 1.8 ISSUES OF CONTROVERSY AND ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED Section 15123 of the State CEQA Guidelines requires an EIR to summarize areas of controversy known to the Lead Agency including issues raised by agencies and the public and issues to be resolved including the choice among alternatives and whether or how to mitigate significant effects. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The proposed General Plan is a comprehensive update of the General Plan currently adopted in the city of Redding. The City conducted an extensive public outreach effort in the development of the proposed General Plan in the form of: selecting a Task Force that met regularly to identify issues and develop p3licies and plans for consideration in the General Plan; periodically publishing newsletters for community distribution; preparing display boards; presenting in local cable television; and conducting numerous community meetings. During the public outreach programs and in meeting the requirements for issues to be included in the General Plan,a full spectrum of environmental issues was raised that would be applicable to the environmental impact report. The following areas of controversy were identified during the course of the General Plan update: ► Amount of commercial development. ► Location of future development. ► Future traffic levels. ► Effects of policies on development costs. RESOLUTION OF ISSUES During the course of preparing,reviewing,and deliberating on the General Plan and considering the Draft EIR,the City resolved several of the controversial issues listed above. The process of resolving these issues consisted of recommending policies that necessarily involved choosing among potentially competing interests and values. In doing so, the City weighed several factors (i.e., demand for growth, economic development,environmental protection)and balanced the needs associated with these factors. The result is the set of policies and programs included in the Policy Document. While the final policies and programs may not optimize the needs of all interests represented in the community or eliminate all of the controversial issues raised during the General Plan Update,they do reflect a balanced approach to guiding future development in the Planning Area. 1.9 NOTICE OF PREPARATION In July 1998,the City of Redding sent out a Notice of Preparation (NOP) of a Negative Declaration for the Redding General Plan EIR. The City sent the NOP to several public agencies including: City of Shasta Lake,City of Anderson,Shasta County Superintendent of Schools,Department of Fish&Game, Department of Water Resources, Caltrans District #3, State Lands Commission, Native American Heritage Commission,Air Resources Board,APCD/AQMD, Regional WQCB#5, and Department of Aeronautics. During the public review period(July 28 to August 26),the City received comments from the Department of Transportation. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 1-16 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 2 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT ESTIMATES This chapter summarizes estimated development potential under the General Plan and the assumptions upon which these estimates are based. The chapter presents estimates of development levels in the year 2020 and estimates of holding capacity at "buildout" of the Plan. These estimates provide the basis for much of the impact assessment in the rest of this report. 2.1 GEOGRAPHIC BASIS FOR ANALYSIS As described in Chapter 1,the General Plan Diagram designates land uses for the entire Redding Planning Area.However,for the purposes of this EIR,the analysis will focus on the urban area including both the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas (See Figure 1-2). These growth areas represent land that the city has determined to be appropriate for future urbanization within the General Plan time frame. The Secondary Growth Area may or may not be urbanized,depending on Redding's land needs over the next two decades. This chapter quantifies existing and new development that would be accommodated within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas in terms of housing stock, population, nonresidential development, and employment. 2.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS Of the land located in the Redding Planning Area, approximately 51,840 acres is contained within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. Forty-four (44) percent of the Growth Area (22,905 acres) is currently developed. An estimated 13,000 acres of the undeveloped land in the urban area is significantly environmentally constrained.This land,which includes greenways,floodplains,riparian habitat,and City- owned open space, is unavailable or is seriously constrained for future development (see Table 2-1). The remainder of the urban area (approximately 16,000 acres) is essentially vacant and free of significant environmental constraints, although some of this land is currently in agricultural production and some of it has erosive soils. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-1 April 19,2000 Chapter 2:Assumptions and Development Estimates TABLE 2-1 EXISTING LAND USE Redding Urban Area 2000 Category Gross Acreage Vacant Area Vacant Commercial 1,106 Vacant Industrial 2,949 Vacant Residential 11,880 Vacant Area Subtotal 15,935 Vacant/Environmentally-Constrained 13,000 Subtotal Developed Area Subtotal 22,905 Redding Urban Area(new boundary) 51,840 Source:City of Redding Development Services Department,March 2000. 2.3 HOLDING CAPACITY ESTIMATES (BUILDOUT) METHODOLOGY Holding capacity is normally referred to as the number of people that could theoretically be accommodated in the Planning Area (urban area) if all land were to develop to the maximum potential allowed by the land use designations of the Plan. Buildout is the point in time at which the land in the Planning Area(urban area)is being used to the maximum extent allowed by the Plan. Buildout of an area to its maximum holding capacity rarely occurs given such factors as limitations on resource capacity, infrastructure, and public services necessary to support new development, and the choices by individual property owners about the appropriate extent of development on each parcel. Given conservative population projections, theoretical buildout of the urban area under proposed land use classifications would not occur for 40 to 50 years. Table 2-2 below details the density/intensity assumptions by land use designation specified in the General Plan. This table includes maximum as well as assumed typical density/intensity, because not all land will be developed at the maximum allowable density/intensity. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 2: h33umptions and Development Estimates TABLE 2-2 SUMMARY OF DENSITY/INTENSITY ASSUMPTIONS BY LAND USE DESIGNATION Maximum Allowable Assumed Typical Land Use Category(units Land Use Designation Density/Intensity Density/Intensity or employees) Residential DUS per Gross Acre DUS per Gross Acre Type of Units Residential 1 du/5ac+ 1 du/5ac 1 du/5 ac Single Family DUs Residential 1 du/1 to 5 ac 1 du/1 to 5 ac 1 du/2.5 ac Single Family DUs Residential 1-2 du/ac 1-2 du/ac 1.5 du/ac Single Family DUs Residential 2-3.5 du/ac 2-3.5 du/ac 2.75 du/ac Single Family DUs Residential 3.5-6 du/ac 3.5-6 du/ac 4.75 du/ac Single Family DUs Residential 6-10 du/ac 6- 10 du/ac 8 du/ac Multi-Family DUs,Mobile Homes Residential 10-20 du/ac 10-20 du/ac 15 du/ac Multi-Family DUs,Mobile Homes Residential 20-30 du/ac 20-30 du/ac 25 du/ac Multi-Family DUs,Mobile Homes Nonresidential FAR FAR Type of Employment Limited Office .35 .20 Office and Service General Office .45 .35 Professional and Bus. Offices Neighborhood Commercial .30 .25 Retail Shopping Center .30 .25 Retail Regional Commercial .30 .25 Retail,Office,and Service General Commercial .30 .25 Retail,Office,Medical Mixed Use Core 2.00* 1.00 Retail,Office,and Service Heavy Commercial .35 .30 Service and Retail General Industry .40 .30 Light Industrial,Ancillary Office Uses Heavy Industry .50 .40 Heavy Industrial Airport Service .40 .30 Airport&Related Uses Public Facilities/ .40 .35 Government/ Institutional Education Employees Source:City of Redding Public Review Draft General Plan,March 2000. * When approved as part of a mixed-use, development-incentive package,the maximum FAR may be increased to 3.0. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 2:Assumptions and Devett vent Estimates Residential Uses Standards of building intensity for residential uses are stated as the allowable range of dwelling units per net acre. Net acreage includes all land (including streets and rights-of-way) designated for a particular residential use, while net net acreage excludes streets and rights-of-way. Estimated population at buildout is based on the number of acres of residentially-classified property that is not subject to "Greenway" restrictions under this Plan. This net acreage is multiplied by the assumed average density for each residential land use classification (see Table 2-2). The acreage for each classification is totaled and then multiplied by the assumed average number of residents per household estimated in 1999 by the California Department of Finance--2.36 persons per household. Nonresidential Uses Potential nonresidential development must be estimated using a different approach. The General Plan Various Building Configurations acknowledges that allowable intensity is a function of Representinon Floor-Area Ratio of 1.00 he Same Lot the size(in square-footage terms)of buildings that can be placed on each parcel. This is done by establishing a maximum "floor area ratio" (FAR) for each �1 4 Stories /\/ nonresidential land use classification. A floor area ratio � • is a ratio of the gross building square footage permitted '' . �� �`i i • Stories on a lot to the net square footage of the lot. For example, on a lot with 10,000 square feet of land area, a FAR of.50 would allow 5,000 square feet of floor area to be built regardless of the number of stories in the building (e.g., 2,500 square feet per floor on 2 floors or `/Story 5,000 square feet on one floor). As with residential uses, not all properties will develop to the maximum allowable floor area ratio. The plan assumes a "typical" FAR in determining the ultimate extent of development for each nonresidential land use category. Table 2-3 summarizes the FAR for commercial, industrial, and government employment categories. TABLE 2-3 FLOOR AREA RATIO MULTIPLIERS Redding Urban Area Employment Category Floor Area Ratio Commercial 0.25 Industrial 0.30 Government 0.35 Source:Mintier&Associates,March 2000. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-4 April 19,2000 Chapter 2: Assumptions and Development Estimates Mixed Uses The General Plan encourages the development of integrated, mixed land use configurations. The intent of allowing mixed land use developments is to encourage differing types of uses—such as residential,office commercial, and retail commercial—to be integrated through either vertical mixed use or through site design that functionally relates the various uses. Different uses that are on the same site, but which are separated by a wall or large expanse of parking, are considered multiple use projects and do not achieve the City's intent of encouraging mixed use in selected locations. The General Plan Diagram depicts several areas where mixed-use projects are encouraged. These areas include Downtown ("Mixed Use Core") and several areas depicted by the "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay"classification. The "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay" areas are predominantly undeveloped and have sufficient land area for development of cohesive mixed-use projects. Although not all properties identified within each "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay" area must be part of an integrated development,proposed project boundaries must be logical,and it must demonstrate that the project can functionally relate to adjacent properties consistent with the intent of this district. Mixed-use development is encouraged in areas outside the designated "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay" designation as well, provided that the concentration of uses is located near a transit opportunity and is designed to accommodate pedestrian activity and circulation. The mixed-use overlays promote development of mixed-use neighborhoods generally between 20 and 160 acres in size that are developed within an average one-quarter mile walking distance of a transit stop. The design, configuration, and mix of uses provide an alternative to traditional suburban development patterns by promoting development of pedestrian-oriented environments and the use of public transportation. This development type—also known as Transit Oriented Developments(TODs)—mixes residential,retail,office,open space,and public areas, making it convenient for residents and employees to travel by transit, bicycle, foot, or automobile (see Table 2-4). Collectively, the Mixed Use Overlays create the potential for an additional 10,000 to 15,000 people. TABLE 2-4 PROPORTION OF USES City of Redding Use Minimum Minimum Average Residential Mixed Use Core 10%' 12.0 du/ac Residential 2 50% 8.0 du/ac Public 10% n/a Up to 100,000 square feet of commercial uses may be allowed. 2 Maximum residential density-24.0 swelling units per acre. Source:City of Redding Public Hearing Draft General Plan,March 2000. To utilize this overlay district,development proposals must be found to be consistent with the intent of the General Plan's mixed-use standards and must be approved by specific plan or under the City's Planned Development District. Development proposals not consistent with this district are limited to the residential densities called for by the underlying land use classification. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-5 April 19,2000 Chapter 2:Assumptions and Development Estimates 2.4 HOLDING CAPACITY (BUILDOUT) AND 2020 ESTIMATES Residential Existing Conditions Estimates of the amount of existing residential development and its composition are based on two sources: (1)the City of Redding's GIS database;and(2)Department of Finance annual estimates. Existing dwelling units were taken directly from the City's GIS database. City Staff calculated population by multiplying dwelling units by an estimated average of 2.36 persons per household (DOF's 1999 PPH). The C =ultants determined acreage by dividing dwelling units by an average unit per acre for each residential c,...gory (derived from DOF estimates). Table 2-5 presents the existing residential development and population and breaks them into three categories: rural residential, single family, and multi-family (including mobilehomes). 2020 Estimates The estimated residential acreage, dwelling units, and populationprojected to be accommodated by the end of the planning horizon of the General Plan (2020) is detailed in Table 2-5. The estimates are based primarily on the 2020 estimates derived from the City of Redding's GIS database. The Consultants calculated acreage by dividing total dwelling units by an assumed dwelling units per acre which is based on the overall average density assumed in the "buildout" calculations. The Consultants calculated dwelling units by dividing population by an estimated average of 2.36 persons per household, based on an estimate by the California Department of Finance. It should be noted that Table 2-5 does not consider a residential vacancy rate. Table 2-5 summarizes residential development assumptions,existing development,and 2020 development potential. Growing from 78,250 persons in 1999 to 113,319 persons in 2020 (an average annual growth rate of 1.78 percent),there will be an estimated increase of 7,485 acres of development between 1999 and 2020. Between 1999 and buildout, there will be an estimated increase of 111,500 persons and 47,200 dwelling units. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-6 April 19,2000 Chapter 2: Assumptions and Development Estimates TABLE 2-5 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL Redding Urban Area 1999,2020,Buildout 1999 to Category 1999 2020 1999 to 2020 Buildout Buildout Rural Residential Net Acres 6,631 11,204 4,573 18,761 12,129 Population 3,913 7,932 4,020 13,283 9,370 Dwelling Units 1,658 3,361 1,703 5,628 3,970 Residential Split 0.05 0.07 n/a 0.07 n/a Units/Acre 0.25 0.30 n/a 0.30 n/a Single Family Net Acres 7,105 9,438 2,333 15,803 8,698 Population 46,950 64,592 17,642 108,158 61,208 Dwelling Units 19,894 27,369 7,475 45,829 25,935 Residential Split 0.60 0.57 n/a 0.57 n/a Units/Acre 2.80 2.90 n/a 2.90 n/a Multi-Family(including mobilehomes) Net Acres 1,036 1,616 579 2,705 1,669 Population 27,388 40,795 13,407 68,310 40,923 Dwelling Units 11,605 17,286 5,681 28,945 17,340 Residential Split 0.35 0.36 n/a 0.36 n/a Units/Acre 11.20 10.70 n/a 10.70 n/a RESIDENTIAL TOTAL Net Acres 14,773 22,257 7,485 37,269 22,496 Population 78,250 113,319 35,069 189,750 111,500 Dwelling Units 33,200 48,017 14,817 80,400 47,200 PPH* 2.36 2.36 n/a 2.36 n/a Growth Rate n/a 1.78% 1.78% n/a n/a Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 2:Assumptions and Development Estimates TABLE 2-5 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL Redding Urban Area 1999,2020,Buildout Notes: 1999 and 2020 population and dwelling units determined by City's GIS database. 1999 and 2020 acreage derived by multiplying DUs by units per acre. PPH taken from 1999 DOF estimates. 1.78%represents the annual compounded growth rate from 1999 to 2020. The residential land use designations were grouped into three categories:rural residential(1 du/5 ac and 1 du/1 to 5 ac), single family(1-2 du/ac,2-3.5 du/ac,and 3.5-6 du/ac), and multi-family(6-10 du/ac, 10-20 du/ac,and 20-30 du/ac). Residential split was calculated from 1995 DOF estimates. Buildout residential split was based Table 1-2 of the Draft Policy Document. * Persons Per Household Source: City of Redding Development Services Department;Mintier&Associates,March 2000. Buildout Estimates As mentioned earlier, residential holding capacity is normally referred to as the number of people that could theoretically be accommodated in the urban area (including the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas) if all residentially designated land were to develop to the maximum potential allowed by the General Plan. Residential buildout is the point in time at which the residential land in the urban area is being used to the maximum extent allowed by the Plan. Residential buildout potential, as seen in Table 2-5, will reach 189,750 residents and 80,400 dwelling units. This is nearly 111,500 residents and 47,200 dwelling units higher than existing conditions (1999). Table 2-6 shows the residential holding capacity in terms of acres,dwelling units,and population by land use designation if the entire General Plan Planning Area reached buildout. At buildout,rural residential land accounts for 15,419 acres. Single family development at buildout occupies 18,618 acres while multi- family development occupies 2,780 acres for a total 36,817 acres. The entire Planning Area could accommodate 85,353 dwelling units and 201,433 residents at buildout. The entire Planning Area would accommodate approximately 12,000 more people and 5,000 more dwelling units than the urban area. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-8 April 19,2000 Chapter 2: .nptions and Development Estimates TABLE 2-6 RESIDENTIAL HOLDING CAPACITY (BUILDOUT) Redding Planning Area Designation Acres Dwelling Units Population Rural Residential 1 du/5 ac 5,776 1,155 2,726 1 du/1 to 5 ac 9,643 3,857 9,103 Rural Residential Subtotal 15,419 5,012 11,829 Single Family 1-2 du/ac 3,990 5,985 14,125 2-3.5 du/ac 12,485 34,334 81,028 3.5-6 du/ac 2,143 10,179 24,022 Single Family Subtotal 18,618 50,498 119,175 Multi-Family 6-10 du/ac 1,741 13,928 32,870 10-20 du/ac 1,006 15,090 35,612 20-30 du/ac 33 825 1,947 Multi-Family Subtotal 2,780 29,843 70,429 TOTAL 36,817 85,353 201,433 Notes: Mixed Use Overlay districts would increase the buildout population by approximately 10,000 to 15,000 persons. Assumes 2.36 persons per household. Source:City of Redding Public Review Draft General Plan,March 2000. Nonresidential Existing Conditions Estimates of the amount of existing nonresidential development and its composition are based primarily on employment estimates generated from the City of Redding's traffic model. The employment estimates were multiplied by an assumed square foot/job multiplier to get square footage. The existing conditions are detailed in Table 2-7. 2020 Estimates The total estimated acreage,square feet of development,and jobs that could be accommodated by the end of the planning horizon of the General Plan (2020) is detailed in Table 2-7. The Consultants estimated nonresidential square footage and acreage based on employment estimates from the City's traffic model, essentially the same method used for determining 1999 estimates. Table 2-7 below summarizes both commercial,industrial,and government categories by net acres,square footage, and jobs for existing conditions (1999), 2020, and buildout. Currently (1999), there are 34,123 commercial and 6,534 industrial jobs. At 2020 the number of jobs will grow to 43,382 commercial Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-9 April 19,2000 Chapter 2:Assumptions and Development Estimates and 11,258 industrial jobs. Between 1999 and 2020, commercial acreage will grow by 319 acres while industrial acreage will grow by 361 acres. TABLE 2-7 NON-RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL Redding Urban Area 1999, 2020, Buildout Category 1999 2020 1999 to 2020 Buildout 1999 to Buildout Commercial Net Acres 1,175 I 1,494 319 2,646 1,471 Square Footage 12,795,750 16,269,660 3,900,660 31,587,534 18,791,784 Jobs 34,123 43,382 9,259 84,233 50,110 Typ FAR 0.25 0.25 n/a n/a n/a Sq.Ft/Job 375 375 n/a 375 n/a Industrial Net Acres 500 861 361 1 6,056 5,556 Square Footage 6,534,000 11,251.548 4.717,548 , 92,329,776 85,795,776 Jobs 6.534 11,258 4.724 246,213 239.679 Typical FAR 0.30 0.30 n/a , n/a n/a Sq.Ft/Job 1,000 1,000 n/a 1,000 n/a Government Net Acres 128 157 , 29 3,111 2.983 Square Footage 1,951,488 2,393,622 442,134 47,430,306 45,478,818 Jobs 4,885 5.989 1.104 118.576 113,691 Typical FAR 0.35 0.35 n/a n/a n/a Sq.Ft/Job 400 400 n/a 400 n/a Notes: 1999 and 2020 employment was derived from the City's traffic model. 1999 and 2020 acreage and square footage were derived by multiplying the assumed sq.ft./job and FAR by total jobs. Buildout jobs derived by multiplying square feet by the assumed sq.ft./job. Source: City of Redding;Mintier&Associates,March 2000. Buildout Estimates Similar to the 2020 nonresidential development estimates,nonresidential buildout is characterized by three components:acreage,square feet,and jobs. The City of Redding determined the number of acres for each nonresidential land use category using the GIS land use database created during the General Plan Update. The Consultants calculated square footage by multiplying the number of acreage at buildout by 43,560 (the number of square feet in an acre) and by the typical floor area ratio (FAR) (see Table 2-2). The Consultants determined the number of employees by multiplying total square footage for each land use category by an assumed square feet per employee multiplier. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-10 April 19,2000 I Chapter 2: numptions and Development Estimates Table 2-8 below shows the nonresidential holding capacity if the General Plan Planning Area were to reach full buildout. At buildout, the Planning Area would contain 12,340 acres of nonresidential development. A total of 228,457 workers can be employed under these commercial and industrial designations. At buildout, there would be 129,771,000 square feet of commercial and industrial development. As acknowledged in the policy document, however, the General Plan Diagram contains industrial lands in excess of anticipated needs in order to provide a wide range of choice in sites for potential users.. The entire Planning Area would accommodate approximately 500 more industrial acres and only 12 more commercial acres than the urban area. TABLE 2-8 NONRESIDENTIAL HOLDING CAPACITY(BUILDOUT) Reddin Planning Area Square Footage Land Use Designation Acres (x 1,000) Jobs Office Commercial Limited Office 140_ 1.220 4.880 General Office 557 8.492 33.968 Office Commercial Subtotal 697 9,712 38.848 Retail Commercial Neighborhood Commercial 69 751 1.502 Shopping Center 178 1.938 3.876 Regional Commercial 469 5,107 10.214 General Commercial 1.124 12.240 24.480 Retail Commercial Subtotal 1,840 20.036 40.072 Other Commercial Mixed Use Core 121 5.271 10.542 Other Commercial Subtotal 121 5.271 10,542 Industrial/Heavy Commercial Heavy Commercial 1.190 15551 18,295 General Industry 3.282 42.889. 77.980 Heavy Industry 2.084 36.312, 42.720 Industrial/Heavy Commercial Subtotal 6,556 94.752 138.995 Government/Institutional Public Facilities 3.126 n/a n/a Government/Institutional Subtotal 3.126 n/a n/a TOTAL 12,340 n/a n/a Source:City of Redding Public Review Draft General Plan,March 2000. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-11 April 19,2000 Chapter 2:Assumptions and Develop hent Estimates 2.5 BUILDOUT YEAR ATTAINMENT Table 2-9 identifies the buildout point(year)for residential,commercial,and industrial development based on the amount of land within the urban area designated on the General Plan Diagram. The rate of 1.78 percent represents the annual compounded growth rate for residential growth within the urban area. Under the City's projected growth rate,Redding will reach full residential buildout in the year 2049,full commercial buildout capacity in the year 2045, and full industrial capacity by the year 2140. TABLE 2-9 YEAR AT WHICH REDDING REACHES BUILDOUT Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Land Unit of Source of Holding Buildout Growth Rate Measurement Growth Rate 1999 Capacity Year Residential 1.78% population City estimates 78,250 189,750 2049 Commercial 1.78% acres City estimates 1,175 2,646 2045 Industrial 1.78% acres City estimates 500 6,056 2140 Source:City of Redding General Plan, 1998;Mintier&Associates,March 2000. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 2-12 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 3 LAND USE, HOUSING, AND POPULATION This chapter discusses potential impacts of the General Plan associated with land use, housing, and population. 3.1 LAND USE AND LAND USE PLANS ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Existing land use characteristics are described in Chapter 1 of the General Plan Background Report and development potential estimates for the General Plan are presented in Chapter 2 of this EIR. Redding's urban area encompasses approximately 116 square miles. Residential uses are the predominant land use type,making up 65 percent of the total developed land area. Industrial development,constituting about nine percent of the land area in the urban area,occupies 1,697 acres of developed land in Redding's urban area. Commercial uses are concentrated in the central part of the urban area,primarily along Interstate 5 near downtown Redding. Commercial uses constitute about 1,395 acres or eight percent of the total developed urban area. Existing Redding General Plan Until adoption of the updated General Plan, the current plan for land use in the City of Redding is the existing General Plan,adopted nearly 30 years ago,but selectively updated several times since 1970. This document consists of the following nine elements: 4.i.1. Seismic Safety Element, adopted 1975. 4.i.2. Scenic Route Element, adopted 1975. 4.i.3. Conservation and Open Space Element, adopted 1985. 4.i.4. Noise Element, adopted 1985. 4.i.5. Recreation Element, adopted 1985. 4.i.6. Circulation Element, adopted 1985. 4.i.7. Housing Element, adopted 1992. 4.i.8. Land Use Element, adopted 1992. 4.i.9. Air Quality Element, adopted 1994. Shasta County General Plan Approximately 57 square miles of the total 116 square miles in the urban area was under the jurisdiction of Shasta County in 1999. The County's land use policies directly determine how property develops in the unincorporated part of the urban area and significantly influences how property develops within the future city limits. The existing Redding General Plan would allow the development of 11,500 dwelling units in the urban area that is currently under the jurisdiction of Shasta County. (It should be noted that approximately 7,300 acres within the urban area under the existing General Plan does not have a City General Plan Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-1 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population classification.) Under Shasta County land use designations, approximately 12,600 dwelling units could be accommodated in the same area. METHODOLOGY This section describes the methodology used to evaluate impacts to land uses that would be expected to occur under buildout of the General Plan. As noted in Chapter 1,the General Plan establishes Primary and Secondary Growth Areas to which urban growth will be directed. As annexation of lands outside of these areas is not contemplated nor is part of this project,the land use and other impacts addressed by this EIR focus on those that will occur in the primary and secondary growth areas. Impacts are assessed qualitatively and quantitatively based on information contained in the Background Report, additional or updated information contained in this EIR, and the General Plan Diagram. The amount and location of development anticipated by buildout are based on the designations of the General Plan Diagram and growth projections as described in Chapter 2 of the EIR. Assumptions The following assumptions were made to assess the impacts of the General Plan's land use designations and arrangement: o Development will occur consistent with the projections described in Chapter 2 of this EIR. ► The rate at which vacant land within the urban area is developed with be determined primarily by market forces. ► The General Plan is consistent with the fundamental policies of the Shasta County General Plan. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, a significant effect on the environment would occur if the General Plan: o Creates substantial land use incompatibilities and/or establishes uses that have a severe affect on the public's health, safety, and welfare; and/or Implications of the Land Use Plan and Policies Changes from Existing Redding General Plan Diagram The General Plan is a comprehensive update of the city of Redding's 1970 General Plan.Land use changes made by the new Plan include the following: o Creates a new land use classification system that relies on density ranges, rather than a system that provides only maximum, single-value residential densities. o Extends the planning time frame to the year 2020. o Identifies specific areas where mixed use development patterns will be encouraged. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population • More clearly identifies those areas within the Sphere of Influence where future urban growth will be directed. ► Establishes a new population, dwelling unit, and residential and nonresidential holding capacity; redistributes residential densities. ► Establishes "greenways" (i.e.,flood-prone areas, steep slopes) with more precision based on updated flood and topographic data. ► Encourages and facilitates infill development to achieve, over time, a more compact urban form. • Provides additional opportunities for industrial development. Buildout Differences While the existing General Plan has a potential for 92,500 dwelling units and 232,274 people(based on the urban area),the General Plan contains a potential of 80,400 dwelling units and 189,750 people. With the use of the new Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay District,an additional 10,000 to 15,000 people may be added to the buildout population. Land Area Differences Table 3-1 compares the acreages within the generalized land use categories as depicted on the General Plan Diagram of the existing General Plan within the urban area and the General Plan within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. The General Plan establishes less land(approximately 15,000 acres) for most uses because the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas contain less land than the urban area under the existing General Plan. The following addresses those land uses where development potential has increased: ▪ Office. The increase in"Office"reflects the planned transition of single-family lots on several arterial streets to a more compatible use. ► Industrial. The lack of large"ready-to-go"industrial sites is often cited as an impediment to the City's economic development efforts. The General Plan establishes a new industrial area in the vicinity of Redding Municipal Airport. ► Public Facility/Institutional. The increase reflects the reclassification of key City facilities, such as the corporation yard and solid waste transfer facility,to"public"uses. Further,foundation-held lands (The McConnell Foundation)in southwest Redding carry this classification to reflect a future public- use area. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population TABLE 3-1 COMPARISON OF LAND IN PLANNING AREA OF EXISTING GENERAL PLAN AND URBAN AREA OF GENERAL PLAN Existing 1 Draft Difference General Plan* General Plan Land Use Category Total %of Total Total Acreage %of Total Total Acreage Acreage Acreage Acreage Residential 35,559 47.7% 24,928 47.9% (10,631) RESIDENTIAL 35,559 47.7% 24,298 47.9% (10,631) SUBTOTAL Office Residential/ 168 0.2% 121 0.2% (47) Mixed Use Core Office Commercial 607 .8% 697 1.3% 90 Retail Commercial 1,968 2.6% 1,828 3.3% (140) Heavy Commercial/ 5,627 7.6% 6,056 11.6% 429 Industrial Public or Institutional 1,895 2.5% 3,111 5.9% 1,216 Parks and Golf Courses 1,342 1.8% 857 1.6% (485) Greenway 17,156 23.0% 12,234 23.5% (4,922) Agriculture** 631 .8% 0 0.0% (631) Airport Service 1,215 1.6% 1,228 2.4% 13 State Highway/Railroad 1,017 1.4% 1,017 1.9% 0 NONRESIDENTIAL 31,626 42.3% 27,149 52.1% (4,477) SUBTOTAL TOTAL 67,185 *90.0% 52,077 ***100.0% (15,108) * Approximately 7,300 acres within the urban area(10%of land area)had not been classified. ** Land designated Agricultural under the existing General Plan is now designated either rural residential or Greenway. ***Totals may not equal 100%due to independent rounding. Source:City of Redding Development Services Department,2000. Land Use Designation Differences The General Plan makes several changes in the land use designations that define allowable land uses (see Table 3-2). The major changes include the residential, commercial, and agricultural designations. The General Plan reduces the number of residential land use designations from 13 to eight. The General Plan also has higher allowable residential densities. Whereas the existing Plan has a maximum of 24 units per acre,the General Plan allows up to 50 units per acre. For commercial designations,the General Plan adds three additional commercial designations for a total of eight. Under the General Plan, there are no specific designations for agricultural operations. Agricultural uses now fall under greenway and rural residential designations. Other significant changes are described below. The General Plan adds a Mixed Use Core and Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay designation.The Mixed Use Core designation provides for a full range of uses in the Downtown area, including retail stores; eating and drinking establishments;commercial recreation;entertainment and cultural facilities;financial, business,and personal services;and government offices. Residential uses are appropriate up to 50 dwelling Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-4 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population units per acre. This designation provides a mix of uses within a building—such as active,ground-floor uses and upper-story office and residential uses.The Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay designation is similar to the Mixed Use Core except in that it is intended for integrated development on tracts of undeveloped land. The industry classifications have been modified to clearly establish the appropriate areas for uses that are characterized by substantial outdoor processing or storage activities(Heavy Industry). Both the General Industry and Heavy Industry classifications will accommodate a wide variety of uses,including industrial and business parks, manufacturing, offices, warehousing, assembly, and other similar uses. TABLE 3-2 COMPARISON OF EXISTING GENERAL PLAN AND NEW GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DESIGNATIONS City of Redding Land Use Type Existing New General Plan General Plan Residential 0.1 (Residential) 5P(5 acres/unit) 0.2 (Residential) 1-5(1-5 acres/unit) 0.5 (Residential) 1-2(1-2 units/acre) 1.0 (Residential) 2-3.5(2-3.5 units/acre) 2.0 (Residential) 3-5-6(3.5-6 units/acre) 3.0 (Residential) 6-10(6-10 units/acre) 3.5 (Residential) 10-20(10-20 units/acre) 4.0 (Residential) 20-30(20-30 units/acre) 6.0 (Residential) 9.0 (Residential) 12.0(Residential) 18.0(Residential) 24.0(Residential) Office Commercial O\R(Office Residential) LO(Limited Office) 0(Office) GO(General Office) Service Commercial SC(Service Commercial) MUC(Mixed Use Core) HC(Highway NC(Neighborhood Commercial) Commercial) SC(Shopping Center) RC(Retail Commercial) GC(General Commercial) RC(Regional Commercial) HC(Heavy Commercial) Industrial GI(General Industry) HI(Heavy Industry) LI(Light Industry) GI(General Industry) PI(Planned Industrial) Public or Institutional PUB(Public) PF-I(Public Facilities or Institutional) PF-I-S(Public Facilities or Institutional School) Parks and Golf PK(Park) PK(Parks-improved open space) REC(Recreation) PK-G(Golf course-public) REC(Recreation) Greenway GWY(Greenway) GWY (Greenway) Agriculture AG(Agriculture) n/a* Airport Service AS(Airport Service) AS(Airport Service) Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-5 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population TABLE 3-2 COMPARISON OF EXISTING GENERAL PLAN AND NEW GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DESIGNATIONS City of Redding Land Use Type Existing New General Plan General Plan Overlays n/a Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay Critical Mineral Resource Overlay *Under the Redding General Plan,agricultural land falls under greenway and rural residential designations. Source: Existing General Plan and General Plan Diagram Shasta County General Plan Shasta County is responsible for land use planning and regulation within the unincorporated part of the urban area outside the Redding city limits. By policy of the Shasta County General Plan, the City of Redding reviews and comments on proposed development within the unincorporated part of the City's sphere of influence. Land Use Classification Differences Under the Shasta County General Plan,most of the land within the unincorporated part of the urban area is designated for Rural Residential,Suburban,Public,and Agricultural(crop production and grazing)uses. Other designations include Residential(0.5,2.0,and 9.0),Natural Habitat,Greenway,Mineral Resource, Industrial,and Planned Industrial. Table 3-3 shows a comparison of the County's and City's designations. General Plan Diagram Differences While in most instances the General Plan land use classifications closely follow those of the Shasta County General Plan in the unincorporated portion of the urban area,several discrepancies are noted as follows: ► The General Plan would result in urbanization of properties in the Stillwater basin that are classified by the Shasta County General Plan as RA (Rural Residential, 1-2 acres per dwelling unit). The General Plan would allow up to 2 dwelling units per acre.The properties are generally located south of State Route 299E and north of State Route 44E, east of Stillwater Creek. ► The General Plan reduces development potential in the Quartz Hill/Keswick Dam Road area from that adopted by the Shasta County General Plan(SR—Suburban Residential,3 dwelling units per acre) to 5 acres per dwelling unit and larger. However,the General Plan places this area in the Secondary Growth Area, and the policies of the plan call for development of a specific plan leading to future urbanization potential. ► The General Plan establishes approximately 600 acres of industrially classified properties east and northeast of Redding Municipal Airport. The Shasta County General Plan classifies these areas as RA—Rural Residential A (1 dwelling unit per 2 acres). Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-6 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population P. The General Plan classifies significantly more property as "Greenway,"reflecting more current flood studies and more stringent floodplain development regulations. P. The General Plan does not include a commercial agriculture classification. Properties with viable agricultural potential are designated as greenway or low-density residential under the General Plan. Agricultural uses are allowed in these designations, however. Projection Differences The Redding General Plan would allow the development of 11,500 dwelling units(approximately 27,000 people) in that portion of the Urban Area that is currently under the jurisdiction of Shasta County. Under Shasta County land use designations,approximately 12,587 dwelling units and 29,700 people could be accommodated in the same area. Goal and Policy Differences The land use goals and policies of the Redding General Plan are generally consistent with those of the Shasta County General Plan. TABLE 3-3 COMPARISON OF SHASTA COUNTY GENERAL PLAN AND NEW GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DESIGNATIONS WITHIN UNINCORPORATED PLANNING AREA Shasta County General Plan New Redding General Plan Designation Use Designation Use Residential SR Suburban 5P 5 acres/unit RA Rural Residential A 1-5 1-5 acres/unit RB Rural Residential B 1-2 1-2 units/acre 0.2 Residential 2-3-5 2-3.5 units/acre 0.5 Residential 3-5-6 3.5-6 units/acre 2.0 Residential 9.0 Residential 6-10 6-10 units/acre Industrial I Industrial LI Limited Industrial PI Planned Industrial GI General Industrial HC Heavy Commercial Public or PUB Public PF-I Public Facility or Institutional Institutional PF Public Facility Parks and Golf n/a n/a PK Park REC Recreation Greenway GWY Greenway GWY Greenway Agriculture AC Agriculture n/a* n/a ACG Agriculture Airport Service AS Airport Service AS Airport Service Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population TABLE 3-3 COMPARISON OF SHASTA COUNTY GENERAL PLAN AND NEW GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DESIGNATIONS WITHIN UNINCORPORATED PLANNING AREA Shasta County General Plan New Redding General Plan Designation Use Designation Use Natural Resource N-O Natural See Critical Mineral n/a N-H Natural Resource Overlay M Mineral Resource below Area Overlays n/a n/a n/a Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay Critical MineraL Resource Overlay *Land designated Agricultural under the existing General Plan is now designated either Rural Residential or Greenway. Source:Shasta County General Plan;Redding Public Hearing Draft General Plan,March 2000. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE Land Use Compatibility Land use compatibility issues can result from a variety of actions, including commercial/industrial/ residential interface and transitions between differing residential densities. Further, given expectations of persons residing or owning property in rural areas,transition to more urban uses is often perceived as more severe than similar transitions in a more urban setting. As indicated above,the General Plan differs from the Shasta County General Plan in several areas outside of Redding's current corporate boundary. The following General Plan policies and programs address both potential urban/rural interface conflicts and those that could occur with infill development within the existing urban area: CDD1A. Use Figure 1-1 to determine appropriate locations for accommodating urban growth within the City and the Planning Area. The Primary and Secondary Growth Areas depicted on that figure strike a balance between: • The need for future urban expansion areas. • The costs associated with annexing areas which contain existing substandard development. • Rural/urban interface conflicts. • The ability of the City to provide urban services. CDD1B. Consider annexation of additional lands under any of the following circumstances: • The annexation will result in: • A more logical service area boundary. • The elimination of an existing County "island." • More efficient provision of urban services. • A resolution of existing health and safety concerns. • A neutral or positive fiscal impact to the City. • Consider modifications of the Primary Growth Boundary Area only when the land supply for single-family housing development declines to a ten-year supply or less as determined by the City and/or when appropriate lands for industrial development are identified. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-8 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population CDD1 C. Promote orderly expansion of the City's boundaries through the approval of prezoning prior to annexation. Establish specific findings and criteria for consideration of prezoning requests within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. CDD1D. Refer all development applications which have the potential to impact lands or facilities in the unincorporated area to Shasta County for review and comment. CDD1E. Encourage adjacent jurisdictions to adopt development standards consistent with the City's. CDD1I. Require preparation and approval of specific plans for the Keswick Dam/Quartz Hill Road area and the Oasis Road area prior to annexation. (See Appendix "A.') The specific plan shall comply with the guidelines contained in that appendix. CDD1J. Work with Shasta County to develop and implement a planning strategy that will permit the orderly urbanization of key areas within the Stillwater Basin and the Quartz Hill Specific Plan Area. The strategy should include emphasis on determining: • The distribution and design of future arterial and collector streets. • Logical extension of utilities such as water and sewer. • Drainage facilities. • Residential lot configurations that will accommodate future resubdivision. CDD3B. Require buffer areas between development projects and significant watercourses, riparian vegetation,and wetlands in accordance with the Natural Resources Element. CDD4F. Design open-space accessways to complement existing development and,where applicable,protect the privacy of adjoining residences. CDD5A. Establish appropriate development standards along those stream corridors depicted in Figure 1-3 in order to: ► Promote the aesthetic value of the adjacent natural area. ► Provide public views and access to the stream corridor. • Protect the privacy of adjacent residences. CDD7A. Protect the visual integrity of prominent ridge lines that can be viewed from key public gathering areas,the river,visitor destinations,and community gateways. These ridge areas are depicted on Figure 1-4. Utilize one or more of the following measures to avoid or minimize development impacts: • Public or private purchase of lands,the use of conservation easements,or similar measures. • Performance standards,including limitations on building heights and/or increased ridge-line setbacks and standards for use of appropriate building forms,colors,and materials that blend into their surroundings. CDD8A. Maintain well-defined community edges using open-space buffers, greenbelts, agricultural lands, stream courses, clustered development,and other appropriate types of landscape and design features. CDD9B. Establish standards for infill projects in existing residential neighborhoods that respect existing neighborhood scale and character. CDD9C. Establish design standards for new development that will create more livable and aesthetically pleasing neighborhoods. Promote compatibility between land uses by minimizing impacts to privacy,views,and noise and from intrusion of nonneighborhood traffic. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-9 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population CDD9D. Design projects to provide gradual transitions between multiple family and single-family districts and between commercial and residential districts by considering appropriate techniques such as: • Density/intensity transitions. • Landscape buffers/trails. • Building placement. • Height transitions. CDD10A. Where topography, creeks, or other natural features cannot be used, utilize the circulation system and the pedestrian and bicycle pathway systems as important structural elements to define neighborhoods and districts. CDD11B. Establish residential design standards that address natural features, visibility of structures, variations in building design,garage placement,usable open space,access,and the relationship to surrounding uses. Site constraints may dictate that the maximum number of lots allowed by the General Plan classification for a given parcel of land may not be realized. CDD11H. Locate multiple family housing throughout the community, but especially near transportation corridors, Downtown, major commercial areas,and neighborhood commercial areas. CDD13B. To the extent feasible, direct regional-serving uses to existing centers prior to developing a new regional center. Limit 'Regional Commercial"land use to those locations so classified. CDD13C Designate land for commercial uses in locations and configurations so as to eliminate the potential for new "strip commercial"development areas. Do not approve subdivisions along arterial streets that will lead to strip commercial development patterns. CDD14A. Establish design and performance standards for commercial development to ensure that building and site design are compatible with their surroundings in terms of scale,mass, building patterns, building details, location of parking,signage,and landscape and enhance views from major streets and other public areas. MN1. Conserve and enhance the Magnolia Neighborhood,as depicted on the Focus Area Diagram,as a "Single Family Residential"area. MN3. Establish standards for alterations or reconstruction of existing multiple family structures to ensure neighborhood compatibility with respect to character,height,mass,form,setbacks,and materials. T5A. Develop neighborhood protection plans when traffic studies or monitoring confirm excessive traffic volumes, substantial through traffic,speeding,or accidents in specific residential areas. N2C Mitigate noise created by new transportation noise sources consistent with the levels specified in Table 5-4 in outdoor-activity areas and interior spaces of existing noise-sensitive land uses. N2F. Minimize motor vehicle noise impacts from streets and highways through proper route location and sensitive roadway design by employing the following strategies: • Consider the impacts of truck routes,the effects of a variety of truck traffic,and future motor vehicle volumes on noise levels adjacent to master planned roadways when improvements to the circulation system are planned. • Mitigate traffic volumes and vehicle speed through residential neighborhoods. • Work closely with Caltrans in the early stages of highway improvements and design modifications to ensure that proper consideration is given to potential noise impacts on the City. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-10 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population N3A. Prohibit the development of noise-sensitive uses where the noise level due to nontransportation sources will exceed the noise-level standards of Table 5-5 as measured immediately within the property line of the new development,unless effective noise-mitigation measures have been incorporated into the development design to achieve the standards specified in Table 5-5. N3B. Mitigate noise created by new proposed nontransportation sources consistent with the noise-level standards of Table 5-5 as measured immediately within the property line of lands designated for noise-sensitive land uses. Noise-level standards for non-noise-sensitive uses will generally be 10 dB higher before mitigation is required. N3D. Limit the siting of loading and shipping facilities for commercial and industrial land uses adjacent to residential parcels, whenever practicable. IMPACTS The General Plan will establish residential, commercial or industrial development in several areas that would be near or adjacent to potentially incompatible uses. For instance,the General Plan establishes a new industrial park east of the Redding Municipal Airport as noted above. That area is currently bordered on three sides by rural residential uses. In most cases, residential areas that are, or would be located near, commercial or industrial areas will be buffered by roadways, setbacks, or greenways. The types of conflicts that could be a concern to residents include light and glare; visual quality; industrial noise, air quality, and odor nuisances; incompatible building height conflicts; safety concerns; and increased traffic. The policies and programs noted above provide a high level of protection from incompatible land uses in a variety of circumstances. Its impact, therefore, is considered less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies and programs of the General Plan are necessary. 3.2 HOUSING AND POPULATION ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The existing housing and population characteristics of the city of Redding are summarized in Chapter 1 of the General Plan Background Report. Chapter 2 of this EIR summarizes the existing housing stock and population and projected growth under the General Plan. Redding Housing Element Housing supply and other housing issues within the city of Redding are discussed in detail in the Housing Element.The Housing Element includes goals,policies,and programs for the general provision of housing in Redding and quantified objectives for the development of housing for the years 2000 through 2003. The goals and policies of the Housing Element encourage the construction of housing to meet the city's projected housing needs for very low-,low-,and moderate-income households;to provide a mix of decent housing for all income levels, emergency shelters, and housing for other groups with special needs; to promote equal housing opportunities; to preserve existing residential neighborhoods; and to encourage energy conservation. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-11 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population The Housing Element addresses the City's housing production targets through the time frame of the element, which are the City's quantified objectives pursuant to State Housing Law. The Housing Element includes policies and programs under the following seven housing goals: 1. Preserve and Improve the Existing Housing Stock. 2. Facilitate the Creation of New Affordable Housing Opportunities. 3. Support Creative Reuse of Existing Facilities and Land. 4. Enhance the Quality of Life Within Residential Neighborhoods. 5. Act as a Catalyst for Increased Private Investment in the Community. 6. Identify and Address the Housing Needs of Special Population Groups Within the Community. 7. Promote Achievement of Economic Self-sufficiency for All Program Participants. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to evaluate impacts from housing and population growth that would be expected to occur in the urban area by buildout. Impacts of housing and population are assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Dwelling units and population anticipated at buildout are based on General Plan Diagram designations and growth projections described in Chapter 2 of this EIR. Assumptions 1. New housing, population, and employment growth will occur consistent with the development estimates in Chapter 2 of this EIR. 2. The development of jobs within Redding will foster housing development in Redding. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, the General Plan is considered to have a significant impact if adoption or implementation of the plan would be inconsistent with the City's adopted Housing Element. This EIR also considers it a significant impact if the General Plan would limit housing development substantially below forecasted growth, as it would thereby require other jurisdictions in the region to accommodate this growth. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Housing and Population Growth In 1999, the City of Redding had an estimated population of 78,500 and a total of 33,200 housing units. By 2020, the General Plan urban area is estimated to grow from 48,017 to 113,500 persons, with an additional 20,300 dwelling units. At buildout, the General Plan Diagram can accommodate a total of 80,400 housing units within the city and 189,750 people (an additional 111,000 persons). Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-12 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population Consistency with Redding's Housing Element The General Plan has a longer planning time frame (2020) than the Housing Element and would, therefore,provide additional sites to accommodate projected housing development beyond 2003,the time frame of the Housing Element. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan,in conjunction with the Housing Element,includes policies and programs to offset the adverse housing-related impacts associated with the General Plan Diagram. Relevant housing-related General Plan policies and programs include the following: Housing Population CDD1A. Use Figure 1-1 to determine appropriate locations for accommodating urban growth within the City and the Planning Area. The Primary and Secondary Growth Areas depicted on that figure strike a balance between: • The need for future urban expansion areas. • The costs associated with annexing areas which contain existing substandard development. • Rural/urban interface conflicts. • The ability of the City to provide urban services. CDD1B. Consider annexation of additional lands under any of the following circumstances: • The annexation will result in: • A more logical service area boundary. • The elimination of an existing County "island." • More efficient provision of urban services. • A resolution of existing health and safety concerns. • A neutral or positive fiscal impact to the City. • Consider modifications of the primary growth boundary only when the land supply forsingle-family housing development declines to a ten-year supply or less as determined by the City and/or when appropriate lands for industrial development are identified. CDDI C Promote orderly expansion of the City's boundaries through the approval of prezoning prior to annexation. Establish specific findings and criteria for consideration of prezoning requests within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. CDD1J. Work with Shasta County to develop and implement a planning strategy that will permit the orderly urbanization of key areas within the Stillwater Basin and the Quartz Hill Specific Plan Area. The strategy should include emphasis on determining: • The distribution and design of future arterial and collector streets. • Logical extension of utilities such as water and sewer. • Drainage facilities. • Residential lot configurations that will accommodate future resubdivision. CDD 10C. Establish incentives for infill development and reuse of underutilized parcels in transit corridors. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population CDD10E. Establish incentives for medium-to high-density,mixed-use developments,where appropriate,with emphasis on Downtown and in the Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay Districts. CDD11D. Allow residential developments to include a mix of residential densities and dwelling types,provided that the proposed development is in scale with the neighborhood and that the total dwelling unit count is consistent with the applicable General Plan density range depicted on the General Plan Diagram. CDD11H. Locate multiple family housing throughout the community, but especially near transportation corridors, Downtown,major commercial areas,and neighborhood commercial areas. H1A. Encourage the private rehabilitation of housing. HIB. Develop and maintain effective housing rehabilitation programs funded through Federal,State,and local funding sources. HI C Support effective code enforcement activities in existing residential neighborhoods. H2A. Develop and maintain efficient and effective Rental Assistance Programs. H2B. Develop and maintain funding sources for new affordable housing development. H2C In accordance with State law,provide density bonuses and other incentives as cost-saving development concessions to encourage the private development of affordable housing. H2D. Develop working partnerships with other community providers of housing services in order to increase affordable housing opportunities. H2E. Develop and maintain funding programs that are responsive to identified community housing needs. H2F. Ensure that adequate residentially classified lands at all density levels are identified on the General Plan Diagram to meet existing and projected housing needs. H3A. Support opportunities and partnerships that leverage outside resources along with public funds to accomplish reuse/redevelopment. H3B. Develop,maintain,and periodically update an inventory of existing structures,as well as vacant or under- utilized land which would be appropriate for specialized residential uses(i.e.,shelters,group homes,etc.). H3C. Use redevelopment powers or other appropriate mechanisms to acquire and/or assemble sites for residential purposes. H4A. Promote and encourage homeownership for all income levels and utilize available Federal,State,and local resources to achieve this end. H4B. Support neighborhood-based efforts such as community-oriented policing,neighborhood clean-up drives,and watch programs. H4C Develop and maintain programs that support the development of culturally diverse,integrated,safe,healthy, and attractive neighborhoods. H4D. Develop neighborhood strategic plans for target neighborhoods. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 3: Land Use,Housing,and Population H4E. Implement comprehensive redevelopment programs for each target neighborhood using the strategic plans as framework. H5A. Identify opportunities for new private investment in targeted neighborhoods. H5B. Encourage and promote the development of projects that leverage housing funds into needed public improvements and infrastructure. Where feasible,these efforts should help facilitate mixed-use and economic development objectives of the General Plan. H5 C. Develop incentive package for landlords participating in the Section 8 program to encourage unit upgrade and ongoing high-quality maintenance of Section 8 rental units. H6A. Develop and maintain programs that ensure a wide range of housing choices to all in the community. H6B. Develop and maintain effective linkages with community service providers to special populations. H7A. Support program efforts that assist in the elimination of barriers to economic self-sufficiency. H7B. Support program efforts that are "hand-up"rather than "hand-out"oriented. IMPACTS The General Plan provides land in a range of residential densities to accommodate housing and population growth through buildout. The General Plan would not limit housing development below forecasted growth. In addition, the policies of the General Plan are consistent with and built upon the adopted Housing Element policies. Indirect impacts of housing construction may result from increased traffic, the loss of valuable natural resources such as wildlife habitat, and the increase in demand for public services and facilities. The secondary and tertiary impacts resulting from the designation of additional land for housing are discussed in the appropriate corresponding sections of this EIR. The housing and population impacts of the General Plan are,therefore, considered less than significant. Among the indirect effects associated with housing and population growth are increased traffic with associated air quality impacts and increased demand for public services and facilities. These indirect effects are discussed in subsequent chapters of this EIR. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies and programs included in the General Plan are necessary. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 3-15 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 4 TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION This chapter assesses impacts of development under the General Plan on Redding's street and roadway system, public transportation, nonmotorized modes of travel, and air transportation. 4.1 STREETS AND ROADWAY SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 6 of the General Plan Background Report describes the existing roadway system and conditions. Redding's transportation needs are served by a variety of roadways that connect areas of the city and provide access to the regional roadway network. These roadways are illustrated in Figure 4-1. Redding has long been the most northerly crossroads in California: the meeting place of east-west and north-south travel. Because of its location where the Central Valley meets the mountains,Redding has developed as the most important transportation hub north of Sacramento. Its locational advantages and the natural transportation routes into surrounding counties have made the Redding area the marketing and office center for north central and northeastern California, and today it serves as regional headquarters for a host of businesses and government agencies. Major recreation areas that surround the urban area make it a logical stopover point for tourists as well as for business travelers. Interstate 5 is the backbone of the Redding area transportation system;running north-south as a four-lane freeway, it has major interchanges with east-west State Route 299 and State Route 44. State Routes 299 and 44 are not only important for travel in and around Redding,but also provide the highway system for interregional and interstate business, freight,tourist, and recreational travel between cites to the south, the Pacific Coast to the west, Oregon to the north, and Nevada to the east. Another important highway serving Redding is State Route 273. This highway and the other State routes form the Shasta County Congestion Management Program (CMP) network. This CMP network is presented in Figure 6-1 of the General Plan Background Report. Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) The Shasta County Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) represents a coordinated approach to meeting the transportation needs of the county,the state, and the cities of Redding, Anderson, and Shasta Lake. The RTP and the Regional Transportation Improvement Program(RTIP)constitute a transportation plan and improvement program with specific projects for a five-year period. The RTP presents regional goals, objectives, and policies. It discusses issues, needs, alternatives, and impacts. The RTP serves both as a decision-making tool and a guide to regional transportation planning and programming in the county, including the development of short- and long-term plans for transit. The RTP does not drive the transportation needs of the General Plan Transportation Element, because the RTP has a short range capital improvement program that does not match the longer time frame of the General Plan(i.e.,2020). Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-1 April 19,2000 'i / .•• .„ .11 ,, g _,„ 1) -- .rj----- 1 I if I • G 1 ii. i • r Plii l' : \ I I 1 `* �•, an u ws o0 I cup �111111111"1.06:' 1.� •. Tp 888,,,,,,,,,, f•III••..•.• `:;``� 1�:� ' < ‘040111.,„ 'tailing_ s„ \Ns i ; tram - - .4". • Sal • lift10 -�- •c - 1111 •� 41 Al % V 1:1 1 I A sA . Jr 1 1.• I 1:1 1 = ; 1 1:1 1 `....ire �` I I is •• 1-i • • CL..... ............... /C*CV° .: 'N so rm.% I:1 le LEGEND .•i.0 FREEWAY 11/Iu111111111 EXPRESSWAY ?',, - ARTERIAL r FUTURE ARTERIAL \ - COLLECTOR 0 FUTURE COLLECTOR D:\GP\FIG4-1 FEBRUARY 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: RGURE 4-1 fib CITY OF REDDING, TRAFFIC DIVISION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation Congestion Management Plan (CMP) The purpose of the Congestion Management Plan (CMP) is to ensure that an integrated approach to transportation programming decision-making is followed and that a link between transportation planning and land use decisions is considered in all planning efforts. The CMP is related to other transportation planning documents such as the RTP,air quality plans,general land use plans,and Caltrans system plans. A project that is included in the RTP must also be included in the Capital Improvement Program of the CMP. The CMP does not necessarily drive the transportation needs of the General Plan Transportation Element,because it is a countywide document and only includes roads in the State highway system. The Shasta County CMP uses the standard of LOS "E" for its CMP system. Since the State no longer mandates CMPs for local transportation agencies,the City of Redding and Shasta County decided to withdraw from the Shasta County CMP in 1997 but will continue to use it for monitoring congestion on the CMP system. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to evaluate transportation impacts that would be expected to occur in the urban area by the end of the General Plan horizon(2020). Impacts are assessed quantitatively based on information contained in the General Plan Background Report and City's traffic model. Roadway Classification System Tat -4 describes the City's existing classification system for roads located within the urban area. This roadway system, which includes the Shasta County CMP network, makes up a significant number of freeway lane miles, expressways, major arterials, and collector-system roadways to accommodate the urban area's transportation needs. Each roadway classification shown in Table 4-1 (excluding freeways) relates to specific City street right-of-way standards. Figure 6-3 of the General Plan Background Report illustrates current right-of-way standards for each roadway classification. TABLE 4-1 ROADWAY CLASSIFICATIONS Redding Urban Area Freeway System A principal arterial corridor that provides for safe and efficient movement of high volumes of traffic at relatively high speed. An expressway with fully controlled access. Expressway System Excludes freeways. Provides for expeditious movement of large volumes of through traffic between areas and across the city and not intended to provide land-access service. Major Arterial Provides for through-traffic movement between areas and across the city and direct System access to abutting property,subject to necessary control of entrances,exits,and curb use. Collector Street Provides for traffic movement between major arterials and local streets and direct System access to abutting property. Local Street System Provides for direct access to abutting land and for local traffic movements. Source: Circulation Element of the Redding General Plan,January 1986. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation Shasta County Traffic Model State law requires that the circulation element of a city's general plan supports the goals, objectives, and policies of(and thus be"correlated with")its land use element. Correlation of these elements is achieved through the Shasta County's"travel demand model,"which is sensitive to key policy issues,including the following: • Analysis of alternative levels, types, and locations of future development. • Evaluation of alternative transportation system improvements including their effectiveness and their impacts on other transportation system elements. • Evaluation of alternative travel demand management/trip reduction measures. • Analysis of the air quality and noise impacts related to projected traffic volumes. The model was developed in a joint effort among Shasta County, the cities within the county, and Caltrans to identify future transportation system needs and to assess the potential impact of development decisions. This countywide model plays a critical role in a variety of transportation, land use, and air quality processes required by State and Federal law,including the CMP,air quality conformity analysis, and evaluation of general plan updates and amendments. The City of Redding's Street Master Plan was developed in 1991 using the Redding Area/Central Shasta County travel demand model. To meet all of the City and County needs of the new Shasta County model, particularly the CMP, the Redding area model was expanded to cover all of Shasta County. Several of the travel model components were enhanced, and the model was revalidated to 1994 traffic volumes and conditions. The travel model translates land use into transit patronage and roadway volume projections using two principal inputs:estimates of development(i.e.,the number of single family and multiple-family dwelling units and the square footage of various categories of nonresidential uses) and detailed descriptions of the roadway and transit systems. To accurately represent the location of these uses and the origins and destinations of travel within the region,the model subdivides Shasta County into 870 traffic analysis zones (TAZs), plus 17 gateways to the county. The travel model estimates the number of person trips generated by existing and future development. Its trip distribution model predicts the origin and destination of these trips by their purpose (e.g., work, shopping,etc.). Then the mode choice model estimates the number of trips that would use transit,ride- sharing, and single-occupant vehicles for travel between an origin and destination. When estimating a traveler's mode choice,the model considers that person's income as well as the travel time and cost of the travel modes that are available for a given trip. Level of Service Determination To measure operating conditions of the roadway system, future (2020) traffic on the proposed transportation system was evaluated in terms of level of service (LOS). Service levels vary qualitatively from A (the best) to F (the worst). Table 4-2 contains a description of the six service levels used in Redding. Traffic volumes provide an overall measure of a roadway facility's ability to carry traffic. However, accurate determination of a streets's capacity requires detailed information on the geometric features of Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-4 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation the roadway (number of lanes, etc.),traffic mode split (cars, trucks, etc.), and traffic patterns (weaving, turn movements, etc.). This EIR, therefore, uses estimates of capacity/level of service (LOS) on street segments and intersections based on the traffic model with the understanding that additional studies may be required when individual projects are considered. TABLE 4-2 LEVEL OF SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS Redding Urban Area Descriptions of Traffic Conditions Service Level Category Signalized Intersections Arterials (Average Length of Wait) (Average Speed) Most vehicles do not have to stop. On the average, Vehicles can maneuver completely unimpeded Free-Flowing each driver waits less than 5 seconds to get through and without restrictions on speed caused by (LOS A) an intersection. other cars and delays at intersections. Cypress Avenue at 7 a.m.on a Sunday. Minimal Delays Some vehicles have to stop, although waits are not Drivers feel somewhat restricted within traffic (LOS B) bothersome. Average wait at intersection is 5 to stream and slightly delayed at intersections. 15 seconds. Hilltop Drive at 10 a.m.on a weekday. Significant number of vehicles have to stop because of Traffic still stable,but drivers may feel restricted Acceptable steady,high traffic volume. Still,many pass through in their ability to change lanes. They begin to Delays without stopping. On the average,vehicles have to feel the tension of traffic. Delays at intersections (LOS C) wait 15 to 25 seconds to get through an intersection. contribute to lower average speeds. Cypress Typical LOS at major intersections during mid-day. Avenue at 11 a.m.most weekdays. Many vehicles have to stop. Drivers are aware of High traffic volumes and delays at intersections heavier traffic. Cars may have to wait through more reduce average travel speeds somewhat Tolerable Delays than one red light. Queues begin to form,often on compared to free-flow. Drivers aware of slower (LOS D) more than one approach. On the average, vehicle pace of traffic. Cypress Avenue at noon—most wait is 25 to 40 seconds. Common afternoon peak- intersections. hour LOS at many intersections. Significant Cars may have to wait through more than one red High traffic volume and many signalized Delays light. Long queues form, sometimes on several intersections with long queues reduce average (LOS E) approaches. Average waits of 40 to 60 seconds. travel speed to one-third of free-flow. Cypress Apparent at major arterial intersections at peak hour. Avenue at 5 p.m.at Bechelli Lane. Intersection is jammed. Many cars have to wait Travel is"stop and go"—one-third or one-fourth through more than one red light or more than of free-flow. Usually caused by a"downstream" 60 seconds. Traffic may back up into "upstream" obstruction,such as lanes reduced from 4 to 3 or intersections. Generally caused by obstruction or a stalled car or signal preemption for a train. At Excessive Delays (LOS F) irregular. occurrence (e.g., signal preemption for a times,Cypress Avenue experiences LOS"F"at train). This condition often viewed as"gridlock." the freeway interchange area and when the Cypress Bridge over the Sacramento River is closed to only one lane in a single direction(due to accidents or other problems). Source:City of Redding General Plan Circulation Element,January 2000. The City of Redding utilizes a flexible level of service as its standard: most non-CMP roads shown in Figure 4-1 should operate at Levels of Service "A," "B," and "C," reflecting acceptable traffic flow conditions. Figure 4-2 indicates those roads and road segments where it has been determined that a Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-5 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM lirlir / O qWU O C? W, t SC 4, �'c1,# ' d A _ 7z Mkt COMUNITY DAM 414 COLLEGE SR Zgg E IS-4'C+ Ell' 5 £ R i 4/22 it,‘16' -770 % ' /<? )1, -v 11 � A a. o SF?299 W ` * 1 -��+OLD AL RAS O �yRPAR 7. %Alm �`�hi' �....{? Wia 1.110t*V. i 1 w V- ISRM)11, ilf .TT �rt�R RANCHO _ 91051t ,si 14001 40 S 1 21314W U -- z Z REDDING Er GIRVAN u MUNICIPAL �4‘6,\..... .:,...\ 1� AIRPORT CLEAR CREEK 4. 1rt,* 1 \ �jat �. MEADOW 1 oD GA I DERSCH LOS'D'(INCLUDES ALL DOWNTOWN AREA ARTERAL STREETS) (UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED ALL STREETS SHOULD MAINTAIN A LOS'0) ';a I s D:\GP\FIG4-2 DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: to, CITY OF REDDING, FIGURE 4-2 TRAFFIC DIVISION PEAK HOUR LEVEL OF SERVICE STANDARDS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-6 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation LOS "D" is appropriate, which includes the following: roads in the Downtown area where vitality, activity,and pedestrian and transit use are primary goals;the State highway system and interchanges;and river-crossing street corridors whose capacity is affected by adjacent intersections. To assess the 2020 traffic projections applied to highway settings (number of lanes), the urban area roadway network has been divided into nine categories for level of service evaluation as described in Table 4-3 and Table 4-4. In general, the categories are based upon access control (i.e., the number of interruptions to traffic from intersections and driveways) and terrain. Where Downtown Redding one- way streets and a select number of arterial and collector streets are identified, the evaluation of level of service is based on a focused intersection analysis outlined later in this report. Therefore,there are two different analyses used in this evaluation to assess level of service-the first applied to road segments and the other applied to intersections. Both procedures use a volume to capacity (V/C) ratio to determine the degree to which a given roadway or intersection will carry traffic. However,the V/C ratio used for road segment analysis is somewhat different from the peak-hour V/C ratio typically calculated for intersections traffic analysis. The reader should not consider the two types of V/C ratios to be analogous. TABLE 4-3 MAXIMUM DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES PER TRAFFIC LANE by Level of Service Category Category A B C D E 1. Freeway-level terrain 6,110 9,770 14,340 17,590 19,200 2. Freeway-rolling terrain 5,060 8,090 11,880 14,560 15,900 3. Expressway-high access control 6,300 7,350 8,400 9,450 10,500 4. Expressway-moderate access control 5,820 6,790 7,760 8,730 9,700 5. Urban Arterial-moderate access 5,280 6,160 7,040 7,920 8,800 control 6. Urban Arterial-low access control 4,740 5,530 6,320 7,110 7,900 7. Urban Arterial-CBD one-way street (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 8. Urban Collector-no access control (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 9. Rural Roadway 1,500 2,950 4,800 7,750 12,500 (1) One-way street LOS in Downtown Redding is determined from the analysis of selected signaled intersections. (2) Collector road level of service is evaluated under the intersection evaluation. Source:Highway Capacity Manual,Transportation Research Board, 1994. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation TABLE 4-4 ROADWAY LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS Volume to Capacity Ratios per Roadway Capacity Class Roadway Capacity Class A B C D E F 1. Freeway-level terrain 0.00-0.35 0.36-0.59 0.60-0.76 0.77-0.93 0.94-1.0 1.0 2. Freeway-rolling terrain 0.00-0.35 0.36-0.59 0.60-0.76 0.77-0.93 0.94-1.0 1.0 3. Expressway-high access control 0.00-0.60 0.61-0.70 0.71-0.80 0.81-0.90 0.91-1.0 1.0 4. Expressway-moderate access control 0.00-0.60 0.61-0.70 0.71-0.80 0.81-0.90 0.91-1.0 1.0 5. Urban Arterial-moderate access control 0.00-0.60 0.61-0.70 0.71-0.80 0.81-0.90 0.91-1.0 1.0 6. Urban Arterial-low access control 0.00-0.60 0.61-0.70 0.71-0.80 0.81-0.90 0.91-1.0 1.0 7. Urban Arterial-CBD one-way street (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 8. Urban Collector-no access control (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 9. Rural Roadway 0.00-0.12 0.13-0.24 0.25-0.39 0.40-0.62 0.63-1.0 1.0 (1) One-way street LOS in Downtown Redding is determined from the analysis of selected signaled intersections. (2) Collector road level of service is evaluated under the intersection evaluation. Source: Highway Capacity Manual,Transportation Research Board, 1994. Intersection Level of Service The roadway evaluation indicates overall quality of traffic flow. However, intersections are the critical determinant for movement of traffic in urban areas. In intersection analysis, LOS grades "A" through "F" are also used to rate quality of traffic flow. However,peak hour traffic is used in the level of service intersection analysis along with number of approach lanes,type of control (signal or unsignalized), and other factors. Tables 4-5 and 4-6 define level of service for both signalized and unsignalized intersections, respectively. TABLE 4-5 LEVEL OF SERVICE DEFINITIONS SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Level of Volume to Description Service(LOS) Capacity Ratio A 0.00-0.59 Free Flow/Insignificant Delays. No approach phase is fully utilized by traffic, and no vehicle waits longer than one red signal indication. B 0.60-0.69 Stable Operation/Minimal Delays. An occasional approach phase is fully utilized. Many drivers begin to feel somewhat restricted within platoons of vehicles. C 0.70-0.79 Stable Operation/Acceptable Delays. Major approach phases fully utilized. Most drivers feel somewhat restricted. D 0.80-0.89 Approaching Unstable/Tolerable Delays:Drivers may have to wait through more than one red signal indication. Queues may develop but dissipate rapidly without excessive delays. E 0.90-0.99 Unstable Operation/Significant Delays. Volumes at or near capacity. Vehicles may wait through several signal cycles. Long queues form upstream from intersection. F i 100 Force Flow/Excessive Delays. Represents jammed conditions. Intersection operates below capacity with low volumes. Queues may block upstream intersections. *The ratio of the traffic demand(vehicles)at an intersection compared to the calculated capacity of the intersection. Source: DKS Associates Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-8 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation TABLE 4-6 LEVEL OF SERVICE DEFINITIONS UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Level of Expected Delay Reserve Capacity* Service(LOS) (Vehicles/Hour) A Little or no delay z 400 B Short traffic delay 300-399 C Average traffic delay 200-299 D Long traffic delay 100-199 E Very long traffic delay s 0-99 F Extreme delays potentially affecting other 0 traffic movements at the intersection *"Reserve Capacity"is the number of vehicles per hour for a given turning movement that may experience delay and still achieve a given level of service. Source: Transportation Research Board, 1985. Assumed Future Improvements Roadway Improvements Several improvements to the roadway network are assumed to be in place for purposes of the analysis. These are road widening and extension projects which the Regional Transportation Planning Agency has approved for implementation by the year 2020. Included are the following: 1. Cypress Avenue: Market Street—Hartnell Avenue; widen to six lanes. 2. Westside Road: at Railroad Avenue; realignment South of Buenaventura Boulevard. 3. Knighton Road: Churn Creek Road—Airport Road; new two-lane road. 4. Shasta View Drive: Galaxy Way to Saturn Skyway; new two-lane road. 5. SR 44/I-5 On-Ramp: SR44/I-5 on-ramp Hilltop Drive to Dana Drive at eastbound I-5 Ramp to SR 299E; new on-ramp, widening of Hilltop Drive, signal revision. 6. Downtown Redding: circulation revision of Shasta Street extended to Court Street;one-way streets— Eureka Way and Tehama Street—revised for two-way travel. 7. SR 44: Airport Road to Deschutes Road; widen expressway to four-lane freeway. Thresholds of Significance For purposes of this EIR,an impact is considered significant if the projected level of service on an existing or proposed roadway would deteriorate below the service level standards of the General Plan,as set out in Policy T1A as follows: Establish the following peak-hour LOS standards that reflect the special circumstances of various areas of the community: • Use LOS "C"—"acceptable delays"—for most arterial streets and their intersections(except as noted below). Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-9 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation • Use LOS "D"—"tolerable delays"for the Downtown area where vitality, activity,and pedestrian and transit use are primary goals. • Use LOS "D"—"tolerable delays"—for streets within the State highway system and interchanges. • Use LOS "D"—"tolerable delays"for river-crossing street corridors whose capacity is affected by adjacent intersections. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Roadway Segment The travel forecast for 2020 shows the potential implications of the General Plan Diagram based on 2020 population projections and assumed development distribution. Using the aforementioned LOS standards as a guide, Table 4-7 shows the roadway segments that would experience unacceptable levels of service assuming roadway improvements noted above have been made. Figure 4-3 depicts those roadway segments. The Table also indicates the improvements necessary to ensure an acceptable level of service is maintained. Achieving acceptable levels of service will require that these improvements be prioritized for funding and construction. Appendix "B" presents the findings of the traffic analysis for over 260 roadway segments and 172 intersections. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-10 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM fi o 4/ a k______ NO W,4 fR ,fr 111 c1, o // (14"72 Hitt co SHAST COMMUNITY C COLLEGE SR 299 E ��1�`C,F DAM Z afar (.,) � AIL7,, £� �,6R -�(�� CO? � tEEEGE SEW 6 -O v� .r C y�! 4\11)pon 910 roA 1 7 Wqraliff f CO Sr? `�Umw.� 1 OLD ALTURAS G ?99 w • .1!tw tt ,fir0...**Ir I:r--...,,,,,,,,, O Illialkos‘uL 4 0' illa /3 owe° .- **OW pi g( 14 S i Q 6L 1 `.::u. 44 R Fa N- L.v 1! 5 -i= o a U GHQ ' ll (5 NY B $ R Iii B N fw' N ! ' RCHO REDOING MUNICIPAL KNIGHTON,,,�MEADOW "1 \ DERSCH t O 7� A a 1 D:\GP\FIG4-3 MARCH 2000 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: FIGURE 4-3 CITY OF BEDDING, ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS TRAFFIC DIVISION NEEDED BY YEAR 2020 Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-11 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation TABLE 4-7 ROADWAYS REQUIRING MODIFICATION TO MEET LEVEL OF SERVICE STANDARDS IN YEAR 2020 UNDER GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Redding Urban Area Roadway Location Improvements Needed Interstate 5 Knighton Rd to SR 299E Ramp and weaving ramp extensions SR 273 Riverside Dr to E Lake Blvd Widening to six lanes or improved access control SR 299E Auditorium Dr to I-5 Provide weaving lanes Airport Road Old 44 to Knighton Rd Widen to four lanes Auditorium Drive At SR 273 Widen bridge&revise interchange Widen to six lanes between South Market Street and Hannell Cypress Avenue Athens Ave to Hilltop Dr Avenue; extend Industrial Street to North Bechelli Lane; construct Parkview Avenue Bridge Hartnell Avenue Victor Ave to Shasta View Dr Widen to four lanes Hilltop Drive E Lake Blvd to Browning St Widen to four lanes Hilltop Drive At SR 44 Widen Hilltop Drive bridge over SR 44 for turn lanes Lake Boulevard Masonic Ave to Hilltop Dr Lane additions;peak-hour signal timing Oasis Road Cascade Blvd to Gold Hills Dr Expand interchange;widen Oasis Road to a four-lane expressway Placer Street Airpark Dr to west city limits Widen to four lanes South Bonnyview Road Sacramento River to SR 273 Widen to four lanes;grade separation at Union Pacific tracks Source: City of Redding,Transportation Division,2000. Roadway Intersection The travel forecast for 2020 shows the potential implications of the General Plan Diagram for roadway intersections. Using the aforementioned LOS standards as a guide, Table 4-8 shows the roadway intersections that would experience levels of services worse than LOS C (for arterial streets and their intersections) and LOS D (for Downtown,State highway system, river-crossing street corridors). It also indicates the types of improvements necessary to maintain an acceptable LOS. Figure 4-4 graphically illustrates the location of intersections needing improvements. TABLE 4-8 INTERSECTIONS REQUIRING MODIFICATION TO MEET LEVEL OF SERVICE STANDARDS IN YEAR 2020 Intersection Potential Improvements Airport Road at Hartnell Avenue Signal Airport Road at Knighton Road Signal Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-12 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM h,/ WI ' W f 4( ,e , 6 0 04 ou, ii (clf DAM GZ A 1 SHASTA COMMUNITY SR 299 E 010 00 ) 45- 010,, COV- o� liiir,-- 0 M Ci �O 9 �1111111 Ilk . r G ‘, r* OLD TURAS SR 299 W : i .rrt i� -��_� warp ;,:: 0 M r_ lit 4 ,. µRP/3tK „im y , Iko ��kiy IW F� SR AA IME ce llii ,..... gli E ii SER2 ''. RANCHO 5 � i S GIRVAN '4, 2 ''. REDDCi AL KNIGHTON 'Ii AIRPORT CIE„, CREEK . , r /vo .. remC)0 1.111 DERSCH NEW SIGNALS • SIGNAL REVISIONS ��J � �� A SIGNAL REVISIONS AND/OR LANE REVISIONS \ Z A D:\GP\SIGNALS JANUARY 2000 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: illib •••••• CITY OF REDDING TRAFFIC DIVISION FIGURE 4-4 POTENTIAL INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENTS 01 2 3 MILES Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation TABLE 4-8 INTERSECTIONS REQUIRING MODIFICATION TO MEET LEVEL OF SERVICE STANDARDS IN YEAR 2020 Intersection Potential Improvements Airport Road at Rancho Road Signal Athens Avenue at Cypress Avenue Signal revision Bechelli Lane at E.Cypress Avenue Signal revision/add turn lanes Bonnyview Road(East) @ Bonnyview Road(South) Signal revision/turn lanes Churn Creek Road at Knighton Road Signal Churn Creek Road at Dana Drive Signal/lane revisions Hilltop Drive at Industrial street Signal Market Street(South)at Lake Boulevard Add third NB to WB left-turn lane Masonic Avenue®Lake Boulevard SB to EB dual left turn Old Oregon Trail at SR 44 EB ramps Signal Old Oregon Trail @ Collyer Drive Signal Old Oregon Trail @ Oasis Road Signal Shasta View Drive at Hartnell Avenue Signal SR 273 @ Clear Creek Road Signal SR 273 @ Branstetter Lane Signal GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE In addition to the improvements identified in the Circulation Diagram, the following General Plan policies and programs address the effects of future development on the street and roadway system: Local Street System T3A. Establish a system of street cross-sections that will: • Accommodate all improvements necessary to handle forecasted volumes at adopted LOS standards. • Accommodate bicycles and transit facilities. • Attain the design objectives for streets as addressed in the Community Development and Design Element. T3B. Require streets to be dedicated and improved in accordance with adopted street standards;allow modifications to standard street sections when approved by the Planning Commission and City Engineer. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation T3C. Maximize intersection and driveway spacing on arterial and collector streets. Require shared/common driveways wherever feasible. T3D. Provide right-turn lanes for arterial-to-arterial and arterial-to-collector intersections wherever feasible. T3E. Pursue financing in a timely manner for all components of the transportation system to achieve and maintain adopted level of service standards. T3F. Assess fees on new development sufficient to cover the fair share portion of that development's impacts on the local and regional transportation system. Exceptions may be when new development generates significant public benefits(e.g.,low-income housing,primary-wage-earner employment),and alternative sources of funding for the improvements can be obtained to offset foregone revenues. T3G. Utilize intelligent transportation control systems, where appropriate,to improve traffic flow and safety on the street and highway system. T3H. Utilize information in Appendices 'A"and "B"and Figure 2-2 in addition to any information obtained from project-specific traffic studies when determining right-of-way needs and the type/level of improvements required to maintain and upgrade the street system. Protection of Residential Neighborhoods from Excessive Through Traffic T5A. Develop neighborhood protection plans when traffic studies or monitoring confirm excessive traffic volumes, substantial through traffic,speeding,or accidents in specific residential areas. T5B. Emphasize the use of landscape and other visual deterrents to through traffic;install physical obstacles only as a last resort. TSC Establish street design standards and review criteria intended to avoid the creation of local streets that will encourage excessive speed and/or which will ultimately function as collectors. Factors that may contribute to a local street functioning as a collector include: • Excessive length(typically greater than one-half mile). • Excessive width. • The lack of other streets which may be used to convey traffic to nearby arterials. T5E. Route through traffic around the perimeters of neighborhoods where possible. Interagency and Regional Coordination T4A. Participate in multi jurisdictional efforts to plan,upgrade,and expand the regional road network. T4B. Work closely with Caltrans and the RTPA to ensure that State facilities which go through the City—including SR 299,SR 44,SR 273,Interstate 5,and intersections/interchanges that involve those facilities—are maintained at an acceptable LOS as defined in this element. T4C. Encourage Caltrans and theRTPA to incorporate desired City design features(Intelligent Transportation System programs,landscaped medians, Class II bike lanes,and detached sidewalks)within State facilities that function as arterials and gateways through the City. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-15 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation T4D. Work closely with Shasta County to ensure that adequate street rights-of-way and improvements are provided in areas likely to annex to the City. Coordinate Transportation and Land Use Planning T1A. Establish the following peak-hour LOS standards for transportation planning and project review. They reflect the special circumstances of various areas of the community,as depicted in Figure 2-1: • Use LOS "C"—"acceptable delays"for most arterial streets and their intersections. • Use LOS 'D"—"tolerable delays"for the Downtown area where vitality, activity, and pedestrian and transit use are primary goals. • Use LOS 'D"—"tolerable delays"for streets within the State highway system and interchanges. • Use LOS 'D"—"tolerable delays"—for river-crossing street corridors whose capacity is affected by adjacent intersections. T1B. Require development projects to construct both on-and off-site improvements as necessary to mitigate the effects of increased traffic generated by the project and maintain peak-hour LOS standards established by Policy TIA. The traffic analysis used to establish mitigating measures shall be based on the City's Traffic Model or other City- approved method. Improvements may be deferred by the City upon approval of a Deferred Improvement Plan which identifies improvements needed,costs,funding sources,and other pertinent data required by the City. T1C. Obtain needed street right-of-way dedications with ministerial projects and with the approval of subdivisions, use permits,and other discretionary actions. T1D. Encourage employers to provide incentives for employees utilizing alternatives to the single-occupant automobile, such as car pools,van pools,buses,bicycling,and walking. T1E. Encourage employers, including government agencies, to allow telecommuting and flex time and to promote staggered shifts or base work hours that do not coincide with peak period traffic to reduce peak-hour trips. Additional Roadway System Needs Planning for roadway improvements must necessarily look beyond simply maintaining adequate levels of service at specific locations. Planning for roadways in advance of their need helps to ensure that adequate rights of ways are reserved during the development process,appropriate land uses planned for, and opportunities to improve the system are available well ahead of failure of any of the systems components. To that end, the General Plan also identifies those roadway improvements that will be necessary well into the future. Table 4-9 lists those improvements to the City's street system that are considered essential to plan for in advance. The street system is depicted on Figure 4-1. The City's need has been determined through use of the traffic demand model described above and principally consist of widening existing arterial streets, adding connecting segments that currently do not exist, modification of interchange areas, and improvements to "downtown" circulation. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-16 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation TABLE 4-9 FUTURE ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS Roadway Location Improvements New Roadway Extensions Bodenhamer Drive Churn Creek Road to College View Drive Extend road 2-lane collector New Salt Creek Bridge Browning Street Churn Creek Road to Hilltop Drive Extend road-4-lane arterial Churn Creek Road Collyer Drive to Oasis Road Extend road-2-lane arterial Creekside Drive Sacramento Street to Bonnyview Road Extend road-2-lane collector Dana Drive Ramp Hilltop Drive to SR 299 WB Ramp Freeway- 1-lane ramp Eastside Road Ellis Street to Parkview Avenue Extend road-2-lane collector Hilltop Drive E.Lake Boulevard to Twin View Boulevard Extend road-2-lane arterial Industrial Street Bechelli Lane to Hilltop Drive New- 2-lane overcrossing' Knighton Road Churn Creek Road to Airport Road Extend road 2-lane arterial New Churn Creek Bridge Parkview Avenue Freebridge Street-Hartnell Avenue New bridge-2-lane arterial Pine Grove Avenue Cascade Boulevard to Ashby Road Extend road-2-lane arterial Shasta View Drive Saturn Skyway Street to Galaxy Way Extend road-2-lane arterial Shasta View Drive Collyer Drive to Gold Hills Drive Extend road-2-lane arterial Tarmac Road Abernathy Avenue to Old Oregon Trail Extend road-2-lane collector Roadway Widening Airport Road Old 44 Drive to Dersh Road 4-lane expressway Churn Creek Road Old Alturas Road to College View Drive 4-lane expressway Churn Creek Road Arizona Street to S.Bonnyview Road 4-lane arterial Cypress Avenue SR 273 to Hartnell Avenue 6-lane arterial/widen bridge Hartnell Avenue Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 4-lane arterial/widen bridge Hilltop Drive E.Lake Boulevard to E.Palisades Avenue 4-lane arterial/widen bridge Hilltop Drive SR 44 ramp to Dana Drive Left-and right-turn lane Widen freeway overcrossing Interstate 5 Knighton Road to E.Lake Boulevard 6-lane freeway Lake Boulevard North Point Drive to Hilltop Drive 6-lane arterial at approach to Market Street and Hilltop Drive North Market Street Trinity Street to Benton Drive 6-lane arterial Oasis Road Twin View Boulevard to Gold Hills Drive 4-lane arterial/widen bridge Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-17 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation TABLE 4-9 FUTURE ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS Roadway Location Improvements Old Alturas Road Bradford Avenue to Victor Avenue 4-lane arterial Placer Street Airpark Drive to Cumberland Drive 4-lane arterial Railroad Avenue Buenaventura Boulevard north 2,000 feet 4-lane arterial S.Bonnyview Road Sacramento River to SR 273 4-lane expressway/railroad overcrossing Shasta View Drive Tarmac Road north 2,000 feet 4-lane arterial SR 44 Airport Road to Deschutes Road 4-lane expressway SR 44 Interstate 5 to Auditorium Drive Add auxiliary lanes Victor Avenue Old Alturas Road to Hartnell Avenue 4-lane arterial Interchange Improvements Interstate 5 at Cypress Avenue Ramp improvements Interstate 5 at Knighton Road-widening 4-lane freeway overcrossing Interstate 5 at Oasis Road-new bridge 4-lane freeway overcrossing Interstate 5 SR 44 interchange Ramp improvements Downtown Circulation Revision Tehama Street California Street to Market Street 2 lanes eastbound/1 lane westbound Court Street Tehama to Eureka Way New channelization EB 299 East Street to Auditorium Drive Add third lane Market Street Eureka Way to Tehama Street Add one lane Shasta Street Market to Court Street 3-lane one-way(westbound) Gold Street Union Pacific Railroad Undercrossing2 ' This link may be reexamined if other options for modifying traffic flow in the East Cypress/Hilltop Drive/I-5 interchange area are identified and determined to be feasible. 2 Crossing may be located at a location other than Gold Street. The improvements shown should not be construed as the only improvements needed to accommodate "buildout"of the General Plan. Forecasting traffic needs beyond 20 years involves increasing speculation. However,given the street system currently in place in the urban area,it can be reasonably assumed that the improvements noted will be the minimum necessary to accommodate projected growth over the long term. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-18 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation IMPACTS The General Plan will provide for new residential, commercial, and industrial development to accommodate demand through the year 2020 and beyond. Future development will affect the roadway system by increasing traffic volumes on existing roadways. The General Plan's level of service policy attempts to maintain LOS "C" or better for most arterial streets and their intersections and LOS "D" or better for the Downtown area where vitality, activity, and pedestrian and transit use are primary goals; for streets within the State highway system and interchanges;and for river-crossing street corridors whose capacity is affected by adjacent intersections. As detailed in Table 4-7 and Table 4-8,there will be several roadway segments and intersections that will require substantial improvement if LOS standards are to remain acceptable. The General Plan contains several policies that address the needed improvements. Policy TIB requires that new development construct the improvements necessary to maintain acceptable LOS standards. In addition, Policies T4A, T4B, T4C, and T4D require the City to work with other jurisdictions to plan, upgrade, and expand the regional road network and to attempt to meet acceptable LOS standards. Impacts to I-5 are significantly enhanced by regional through traffic, with mitigation being a State responsibility. The City, however, supports improvements to the State transportation systems through gas tax, State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP), and other programs. The City has established a Traffic Impact Fee program to fund projects necessary to maintain acceptable traffic flows. Currently (1999), the level of funding is insufficient to meet the identified improvement needs; however,the fee system is currently under review. The General Plan contains Policies T1B, T3E, and T3F that address funding mechanisms. Assuming that the policies contained in the General Plan are implemented, the impacts of the Plan are considered less than significant. Alternatives to Improvement of Streets The City's objective is to achieve an acceptable level of service for the traveling public on the arterial network serving the urban area. However, the means to achieving this requires a substantial capital investment. The General Plan contains several policies that might reduce the need for those street and highway improvements. Policy T3G addresses the use of intelligent transportation systems to improve traffic flow on the street and highway system. Policies TID and TIE encourage alternatives such as telecommuting and flex time to reduce peak hour trips and car pool programs,including park and ride lots. Other means to reduce the need for improvements such as improving public transportation systems—both local RABA and regional AMTRAK— and improving bicycle and pedestrian facilities. General Plan policies addressing these issues are in the following sections. MITIGATION MEASURES The construction of identified improvement needs is inexorably linked to funding. Even with implementation of the policies identified above, without an adequate funding mechanism in place, the impacts of the General Plan remain significant. 4.2 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION T.Ls section assesses the potential effects of development under the General Plan on Redding's public transportation system. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-19 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Public transportation in the Redding area is provided by the Redding Area Bus Authority(RABA),which provides both fixed-route and demand-response transit services. The fixed-route service consists of 12 routes with over 600 individual stops,using a fleet of 20 coaches. The demand-response service consists of 23 vehicles, providing curb-to-curb transportation for individuals who, because of a mobility impairment, are not able to use a regular fixed-route system. RABA's transportation system links residential, industrial, commercial, and retail centers within the urban area. Figure 6-12 of the General Plan Background Report depicts the service area of the transit system. RABA began service in 1981 and has expanded to meet the needs of the community. Through route extensions, fleet acquisition, and facility upgrades, RABA continues to meet the challenges of an expanding urban center. RABA is also under contract with the County of Shasta and the City of Anderson to provide transit services. Rural services consist of express commuter service to Burney. Fixed-route and demand-response services are provided for the City of Anderson. Ridership is presently at 60,000 passengers per month. In the summer of 1996, the first phase of RABA's new intermodal passenger transfer facility was completed in Downtown Redding on the north side of Yuba Street adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks. This facility accommodates not only the demands of the public transportation service, but will also provide a common transfer point for Amtrak,social service providers,taxis, and intercity bus lines. Phase Two of the project will be located on the north side of Tehama Street adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks. Greyhound Trailways bus lines has six northbound and eight southbound buses passing through Shasta County each day. Anderson and Redding are the only Shasta County stops. Red Bluff is the next stop to the south and Dunsmuir to the north. METHODOLOGY This analysis of the effect of development on public transportation focuses on the creation and retention of opportunities for such transportation.This analysis focuses on the provision of opportunities for such transportation in conjunction with future development. Thresholds of Significance The California Environmental Quality Act does not specifically discuss public transit services as an issue to be addressed in the environmental review process. Such services do,however,play an important role in the overall development of a community's transportation system. For purposes of this EIR,an impact is considered significant if development would adversely affect existing transit services or create demand for such services that could not be met. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Because development projected under the General Plan would result in substantial population and job growth in Redding,the demand for public transportation would increase,requiring extensions of bus lines and additional service. The location of new lines would depend on the location and sequence of new Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-20 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation development. Extension of the existing system would be most efficient if development occurs adjacent to existing development and bus lines. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE In anticipation of increased levels of development, the General Plan includes a number of policies and programs intended to ensure that public transportation needs are accounted for as development occurs. These policies and programs include the following: Transit System T9A. Support the continuation and expansion of private commercial bus operations to provide additional regional transit opportunities for residents. T9B. Work with the Redding Area Bus Authority(RABA)on an ongoing basis to plan and implement additional transit services that are timely,cost-effective,responsive to growth patterns,and meet the needs of existing and future transit demand. 79C Provide bus pull-outs along arterial streets at approximately�.mile intervals oras indicated in the Shasta County Transit Development Plan. Determine the precise locations during development plan review or at the time of major street improvement or reconstruction. 79F. Promote coordination of transit and air transportation services to enhance the transportation options available for residents and visitors to the Redding community. Planning CDD10C Establish incentives for infill development and reuse of underutilized parcels in transit corridors. CDD10D. Incorporate public transit stops and bus shelters in the design of new development and redevelopment of older projects when consistent with approved transit plans and policies. Ensure safe and efficient access, particularly for handicapped individuals. CDD10F. Provide comprehensive transportation facilities,including bicycle and pedestrian routes. Integrate pedestrian and bicycle routes into developments to provide alternative access to public and private parks and open space, transit stops, nearby commercial developments,and schools. IMPACTS Development under the General Plan will create the need for additional transit equipment,and the Plan requires new development to provide for increased equipment, facilities, and operational needs. Policies T9D and T1D address the needed funds to maintain and improve public transportation services. In addition, successful implementation of the policies of the General Plan, such as Policies T9A, T9C, T9E, T9F, CDD10B, and CDD10D, should result in greater and, therefore, more efficient use of transit, increasing fare-box revenue. The impacts of the General Plan on transit services would be less-than- significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-21 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation 4.3 NONMOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION As an alternative to the automobile,bicycles are a nonpolluting,quiet,inexpensive,and readily-available form of transportation. Likewise, many trips can be made by walking. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING In December 1998,the City of Redding adopted a comprehensive Bikeway Plan. It is intended to serve as a guide to be used in conjunction with the development and planning for bikeway facilities that are needed to serve the area. Through careful analysis, the city has recognized several possible existing and proposed routes and connections that could lead to an increase in bicycle commuting to help protect the environment,curb deteriorating air quality,get involved in physical fitness activity,and enjoy recreation and visual attributes not commonly seen behind the wheel of an automobile. The plan shows destination points such as schools,shopping,and recreational areas. Many of these points are connected with desired lines of travel. The Plan recognizes that future studies would still be required on an ongoing basis,siting specific routes to ensure a measure of safety and convenience for the residents of the City. Implementation of the bikeway Plan allows the City to make significant progress toward development of a unifying pedestrian/bicycle corridor along the Sacramento River Trail,connecting at various points to many of the region's recreation,cultural,business,residential,and transportation centers. Figure G-11 of the General Plan Background Report depicts existing and proposed bicycle trail improvement in the urban area. The City of Redding proposed to prioritize projects as follows: (1) Sign all Class III projects. (2)Add shoulder widths to Class II routes;these Class II projects would be selected in conjunction with community input. (Note, priority will be given to those Class II projects that will be accomplished by integrating them into planned roadway improvement projects and/or upgrading existing roadway segments to include the facilities necessary to create a bikeway segment). (3)Continue to develop Class I routes like the Sacramento River Trail to enhance bicycle commuting opportunities. The cost to construct Class II facilities is currently estimated to be at or near$321,000 per mile. The costs include lane widening, especially in areas where there are no curbs and gutters. Funding to provide bicycle facilities is limited. The Statewide Bicycle Lane Account (BLA) Program receives $1,000,000 per year for bike programs to divide amongst some 35 million citizens. Federal funding for bikeways is also available to the various agencies under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21'Century(TEA)programs. Other funding sources would include the AB276 Motor Vehicles Surcharge Program for projects reducing vehicle emissions, mini-grants from the Shasta County Air Quality Management District, STIP funding, the California Parkland Fund, Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation program grants, and the Transportation Development Act. Private funding options could include The McConnell Foundation. Three key projects have been in the making since 1996: (1) the extension of the river trail up the bluffs to Hilltop Drive, (2) the bicycle bridge linking the Convention Center and museum complex to the Redding Arboretum and Turtle Bay Elementary School,and(3)the signing and striping(where necessary) of numerous arterial streets to establish a system of Class II and Class III bicycle routes. The proposals are a result of consultations with other governmental agencies, local bicycle clubs, and other interested members of the community and have led to the creation of the Bikeway Plan. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-22 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation Existing and planned bicycle facilities in Redding are described in the comprehensive Bikeway Plan. There will continue to be cases when streets need to be constructed before bicycle facilities can be designated. Bikeways are generally divided into three basic categories based on the degree to which they separate bicycles from other travel modes: • Class I Bikeways(Paths) Characterized by completely separate rights-of-way separating cyclists from motorists. • Class II Bikeways (Lanes) Delineated by signs and striping along street shoulders. • Class III Bikeways (Routes) Indicated only by posted signs on existing streets. The Shasta County Bikeway Plan cites a Federal Highway Administration(FHWA)study that concluded that separated bike paths may actually be a disincentive to bicycle commuting. The FHWA study compared the number of miles of bike paths with the percentage of bicycle commuters for 20 cities. The city with the most bicycle commuters—Davis,California,with 25 percent—had fewer separated bike paths than the city with the most bike paths—Dallas, Texas—which had the fewest number of commuters, 0.2 percent. This trend was true in most of the cities. The study conjectured that a high ratio of separated bike paths may indicate that bicycling has not been incorporated into the transportation network and is limited to recreational use. Therefore, due to the low construction and maintenance costs and higher commuter usage, efforts should be focused on Class III facilities along transportation corridors. The City has made significant progress towards development of a unifying pedestrian/bicycle corridor along the Sacramento River Trail. Many of the region's recreation, cultural, business, residential, and transportation centers can be linked together by using and improving the Sacramento River Trail. Figure 6-10 of the General Plan Background Report depicts existing and proposed bicycle trail improvements in the urban area. METHODOLOGY This analysis of the effect of development on nonmotorized transportation focuses on the creation and retention of opportunities for such transportation. This analysis focuses on the provision of opportunities for such transportation in conjunction with future development. Thresholds of Significance The California Environmental Quality Act does not specifically discuss nonmotorized transportation as an issue to be addressed in the environmental review process. For purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if development under the General Plan created demand for nonmotorized transportation opportunities that could not be met. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development will create additional demand for pedestrian and bicycling facilities. The kinds of development patterns and transportation systems can greatly affect the use of nonmotorized transportation. Creating a system of integrated walkways and bikeways connecting shopping areas, Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-23 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation schools, parks, and employment centers provides the opportunity for nonmotorized transportation to replace some types of automobile trips. The compact development should also support nonmotorized travel. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan includes a substantial number of policies and programs intended to enhance opportunities for nonmotorized transportation as development occurs. These policies and programs include the following: Land Use and Nonmotorized Transportation CDD4C. Continue to develop active and passive public-use facilities and trails along portions of the riverfront as generally depicted on Figure 1-2. Expand public-use areas and pedestrian and bicycle trails as additional lands are made available,while limiting impacts to existing wildlife habitat and developed properties. CDD4D. Establish public open-space and pedestrian/bicycle links between the river and parks,activity centers,schools, and other major open-space areas such as stream corridors. CDD10A. Where topography, creeks, or other natural features cannot be used, utilize the circulation system and the pedestrian and bicycle pathway systems as important structural elements to define neighborhoods and districts. CDD10F. Provide comprehensive transportation facilities,including bicycle and pedestrian routes. Integrate pedestrian and bicycle routes into developments to provide alternative access to public and private parks and open space, transit stops,nearby commercial developments,and schools. SC6. Incorporate Class 1 and 2 bike routes into project and street designs to facilitate nonmotorized access to the Community College. CC3. Establish a continuous trail system from Hartnell Avenue to Clover Creek's confluence with the Sacramento River and require subdivisions to provide adequate access to the Creek corridor where appropriate. 02. Provide for a system of multi-use trails along creeks within the focus area. Pedestrian Facilities T6B. Require new development to provide sidewalks or other pedestrian-dedicated facilities on both sides of new public streets. Exceptions may be appropriate where topography is difficult,proposed lots are of a rural or semi-rural nature,or where the development plan illustrates that pedestrians will be accommodated by alternative means. R1 IA. Develop a Citywide Trails Master Plan to specifically locate future trails. In general,the trail system should: • Focus on linking neighborhoods to other land uses and significant destination points within the community. • Separate bicyclists and pedestrians from vehicular traffic and pedestrian facilities from bicycle facilities, whenever feasible. • Provide continuous trail connections,including a looped system around the City. R11B. Continue development of the Sacramento River Trail to establish a common and continuous thread along the river corridor,connecting recreational,educational,cultural,commercial,and residential areas/uses. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-24 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation R 11 C Until such time as the Citywide Trails Master Plan is adopted,utilize Figure 7-2 as a guide to establish trails that provide links to schools as well as trails and trail connections along open-space corridors. R11D. Continue to obtain land dedications and/or easements for the development of public trails and the Regional River Parkway through direct purchases and the discretionary approval process for new development. Until such time as a Citywide Trails Master Plan is developed,utilize Figure 7-2 to determine appropriate trail corridors. R11E. Pursue funding which can be used for parkway and trail-system planning,land acquisitions,construction,and maintenance. R11F. Design bicycle and trail systems in a manner that protects the privacy of adjacent land uses, allows for easy maneuvering,and promotes user safety. Bicycling T8A. Develop and maintain a Comprehensive Bikeway Plan geared to establishing an integrated bicycle system. T8B. Incorporate facilities suitable for bicycle use in the design of interchanges, intersections, and other street- improvement/maintenance projects. T8C Make improvements to streets,signs,and traffic signals as needed to improve bicycle travel. T8E. Install bicycle parking in the Downtown area and at City parks,civic buildings,and other community centers. T8G. Require new development to provide bicycle facilities or pay in-lieu fees based on the fair share of that development's impacts on the bikeway system and needs identified on the Comprehensive Bikeway Plan. IMPACTS The General Plan provides for the planning and development of pedestrian and bicycle facilities to serve the existing and newly developing areas of the city through Policies T6B,R 11A,R 11B,R 11C,R11D,R I1E, R11F, and CDD1OF for pedestrian facilities and Policies T8A, T8B, T8C, T8E, T8G, and CDD IOF for bicycling facilities. Securing adequate funding is addressed as well. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 4.4 AIR TRANSPORTATION This section assesses the potential effects of development under the General Plan on opportunities for air transportation. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The urban area includes two public use airports: Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark, both of which are owned and operated by the City of Redding. Not only do these facilities provide a base for corporate, recreational, and emergency-response aircraft, they also play a key role in serving the commercial aviation needs of businesses and the traveling public. The following paragraphs describe these facilities and their operations. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-25 April 19,2000 Chapter 4:Transportation and Circulation Redding Municipal Airport The Redding Municipal Airport is designated in the National Airport Plan as a certified airport for commercial airline operations. It is served by airlines from San Francisco, San Jose, and Klamath Falls, providing combined 30 arrivals and departures per day. The airport is eight miles from Downtown Redding. General aviation aircraft are large users of the facility. Total operations for the calendar year 1994 amounted to 115,700 with general aviation activity accounting for 60,000 operations. At the airport,there are approximately 142 based aircraft and one fixed-base operator, International Air Service Company (IASCO). The U.S. Forest Service and California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection operate a large fire air-attack base located at the north end of the airport. The primary runway at the Redding Municipal Airport is Runway 16-34. It is 7,000 feet long, 150 feet wide, and oriented north-south. A second runway, numbered 12-30 serves primarily as a crosswind runway. This runway is a little over 5,000 feet long, 150 feet wide, and is oriented north-west to south- east. Virtually all operations on Runway 12-30 are takeoffs toward the southeast and landings are in the opposite direction. Operations over the northwest end of the runway are rare. Benton Airpark Benton Airpark is a general aviation airport with reliever status,providing commercial reliever support for the municipal airport. It is located close to Downtown Redding at Placer Street and Airpark Drive. The airport is the air ambulance service center for Mercy Hospital, and the California Highway Patrol bases its Northern California Air Operation at the facility. Built in 1929, the airfield was named for a Redding native, Air Force Lieutenant John W. Benton, who lost his life on a goodwill tour to Buenos Aires in 1927. Benton Airpark has a single runway, numbered 15-33. It is 2,422 feet long, 80 feet wide, and oriented roughly north-south. Full-length parallel taxiways are located on both sides of the runway. There are four exits on each side of the runway; these are located at each end, and two other locations approximately 540 feet from each end. It is estimated that the Airpark accommodated approximately 60,000 aircraft operations in 1992. With an activity level in the range of 75,000 to 100,000 operations, noise concentrations become acute. METHODOLOGY This analysis of the effect of development under the General Plan on air transportation focuses on the capacity of existing general purpose airports in the area to accommodate increased demand resulting from development under the General Plan,and compatibility of the General Plan with airport land use plans. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR,new development authorized by the General Plan would have a significant impact if there are land use compatibility problems with the General Plan and airport comprehensive land use plans or if it would overburden air transportation demand at local airports. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 4-26 April 19,2000 Chapter 4.•Transportation and Circulation IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New growth from the General Plan will create additional demand for air transportation services. Redding Municipal Airport will be the primary provider of air transportation to future Redding residents and businesses. According to the Redding Municipal Airport Master Plan, passenger enplanements will increase from approximately 56,000 in 1995 to 87,000 in 2015 at a growth rate of 1.5 percent. Future expansion,including a new parallel runway and new helipad site,will be required to meet the projected forecasts. Sufficient space to expand is available to accommodate both facilities. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following policies from the General Plan address concerns related to development with the potential to affect Redding's airports. Air Transportation Policies TWA. Continue to plan and develop the Redding MunicipalAirport to maximize its contributions to business efficiency, economic development,and recreational opportunities within the region. T10B. Encourage the establishment of additional commercial airline providers at the Redding Municipal Airport to provide the widest range of aviation travel choices to residents and businesses within the region. T10C Support Benton Airpark as a public-use,general aviation airport and commercial-relieverfacility for the Redding Municipal Airport. DOD. Protect existing and planned local air transportation facilities from encroachment by potentially incompatible land uses and require developers to file an avigation easement with the City if a proposed development or expansion of an existing use is located in the area subject to the overlay district. IMPACTS Potential land use conflicts may exist when new development encroaches on an airport with growing demand such as the Redding Municipal Airport. However,no such conflicts exist near the airport since the airport facilities are surrounded by nonresidential land use designations such as Greenway and General Industry. In addition,Policy T1OD will ensure that new development in the urban area will not conflict with the operation and future development of Redding's two public use airports: Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. According to the Redding Municipal Airport Master Plan, air transportation demands will continue to increase at a growth rate of 1.5 percent. The Plan addresses new growth by planning for the expansion of existing facilities. In addition,the General Plan contains Policies T10A, T10B,and T10C that will help meet the growing service demands resulting from development and population growth under the General Plan. Accordingly, anticipated development under the General Plan on air transportation will be a less- than-significant impact. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies and programs included in the General Plan are necessary. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 427 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES This chapter assesses the potential impacts of development under the General Plan on public facilities and services including: water supply and distribution; wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal; and drainage. 5.1 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING In 1999,five entities provided water service within the Urban Area: City of Redding,Bella Vista Water District,Centerville Community Services District,Shasta Community Services District,and Clear Creek Community Services District. The service area boundaries of each provider are depicted in Figure 5-1. Coordination between the City and the various districts is generally provided by"annexation agreements" which ensure that systems and fire flows are constructed and maintained in accordance with City of Redding standards. A description of each water supply and distribution system is described below. City of Redding Water System Water Supply The City has three primary sources of water supplying its municipal water system. Approximately 23,880 acre feet of water was delivered in 1999. The City's system has a current capacity to deliver up to 40,820 acre feet of water annually. This figure takes into account existing water contracts in place with the Bureau of Reclamation as well as the capacity of the existing system of groundwater wells. The sources of water are: 1. Sacramento River. Surface water is drawn from the River at Pump Station No. 1, located one- quarter mile upstream from the Diestelhorst Bridge. Water from this source accounts for approximately 57 percent of the City's water use in 1999. 2. Spring Creek Conduit. The Buckeye Water Treatment Plant (dedicated in May 1995) receives its water from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Spring Creek Conduit, which draws water from Whiskeytown Lake. Now that this system is on-line, the amount of water drawn from the Sacramento River will be reduced accordingly. It is estimated that the Spring Creek conduit source provides approximately 15 percent of water used in the city. 3. Wells. The City maintains a reliable system of wells. Wells located in the Enterprise area provides 22 percent of water used in 1999. Wells in the Cascade system, located in south central Redding, provided approximately six percent. Existing System Facilities The City's water supply facilities(excluding groundwater wells,which are discussed below)consist of the following: Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5.1 April 19,2000 amu : ii iiGs r iii u■ n■ ii ut / " mgra�ili ::::::• :::::••:::::::.::::••I:::..::::::•::::::::••I:::.....r•:::..:1 1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::i::• ::::.:::::::1:::::::.:::::::::::::::::.:.:.::::.;:::. 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SR 44 A 2 = U - Oa\E :::' „to �N�a,-*/'"`V'� RANCHO .... e SL`' ,� .�s�' Ems.: :.;:::;.... 1 _ EDO ING •rl '•:::$;::;{::$}:{ }$; ;::::?;:•: ::: PORT GREEK /''F /� .r I1:u \la D:\GP\FlG5-1 \ DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF BEDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: dilitCITY OF REDDING, FIGURE 5-1 PUBLIC WORKS DEPT. WATER SERVICE AREAS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services 1. Foothill Treatment Plant. With an existing capacity of 26 million gallons per day (mgd),the plant is the primary source of filtered surface water from the Sacramento River. The plant,which can be expanded to 42 mgd,has a small flocculation basin,filters,backwash equalizing basin,backwash pump building, sludge clarifier, and control building with pump station, as well as a six-million-gallon storage reservoir. 2. Buckeye Treatment Plant. As a conventional treatment facility,the treatment plant includes two flocculation basins, two sedimentation basins, four gravity filtration units, a wash water recovery basin, and three sludge lagoons. Three buildings at the site house the main office, lab facilities, chemical storage and feed systems,control room,electrical consoles, and emergency generator. The initial capacity of the plant is seven mgd and is expandable in seven mgd increments to a total capacity of 28 mgd. 3. Pump Stations. The system operates with five major water supply pump stations: • No. 1 Pumps raw water from the Sacramento River to the Foothill Treatment Plant. • No. 2 Pumps treated water from the Foothill Treatment Plant to the Hill 900 Zone. • Nos. 3&4 Pumps treated water from the Foothill Zone to the Buckeye Zone. • No.5 Pumps from the Enterprise Zone into the Hilltop-Dana Zone. 4. Pressure-Reducing Valves/Other. The system contains two small booster pump stations, 11 pressure-reducing valves, and three major control valves. 5. Storage Reservoirs. The system has 11 storage reservoirs with a total capacity of 27.9 million gallons. 6. Distribution System. The distribution system has approximately 330 miles of pipe,varying in size from one to 48 inches in diameter. Surface Water Rights The City of Redding water rights to the Sacramento River date from an 1886 right of the California Water Service Company, which was acquired by the City in 1941, and a five-cubic-foot-per-second (cfs) appropriation acquired in 1944. After the completion of Shasta Dam,City negotiations with the Bureau of Reclamation(USBR)resulted in a diversion contract (No. 14-06-200-2871A) which was executed on May 31, 1966. The term of the contract was for 40 years from April 1, 1964,to March 31,2004. The amount of water to be available to the City under this contract is a maximum of 21,000 acre feet per year at a withdrawal rate not to exceed 75 cfs (cubic feet per second). The USBR reserves the right to reduce the supply in a "critical year" by up to 25 percent of the quantity taken during the period April 1 through October 31 of the preceding year. Diverted water can only be used by the City for municipal, industrial, and domestic purposes within a prescribed geographic area. This geographic area can be modified with the written consent of the USBR. In 1967,the City took over Buckeye Water District facilities and the rights to a 1964 USBR contract. In 1971,the City executed a new contract(No. 14-06-200-5272A)to obtain up to 6,140 acre feet of water per year. The contract is in effect until December 31,2009. The contract water can only be used within the Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services Buckeye service area. Use of the water outside the area or revision of the geographic boundaries must be approved in writing by the USBR. Surface Water Quality The water quality of the Sacramento River is generally very good, except for elevated turbidity during stormy periods. Large storm events and spring runoff into Shasta Lake sometimes result in the release of turbid water into the river. The main supply intake at Pump Station No. 1 is on the south side of the river,which is, at times, affected by turbidity from local seasonal streams. An occasional water quality problem occurs when the Spring Creek Reservoir overflows from stormwater runoff. The reservoir, located approximately five miles upstream from Pump Station No.1, contains drainage from the Iron Mountain Mine Area. The mine runoff contains high levels of iron, cadmium, copper,and zinc. The releases are monitored by the City of Redding Water Utility,California Regional Water Quality Control Board, and the Department of Fish and Game. If pollution trigger levels are exceeded,additional releases from Shasta Dam are made to increase the dilution factor. Sampling records indicate that cadmium concentration at the City's intake have always been well below acceptable levels. A procedure has been established to notify the City if concentrations exceed safe levels. If a problem is detected within the City's system, sufficient well capacity exists to meet system demands. As demands increase, however, the City may not always have this capability. The City is required to comply with State Department of Health Services and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards for water quality and does so consistently. Groundwater The Urban Area is located in the Redding Groundwater Basin. In the basin,typical depth to groundwater is approximately 100 to 200 feet. The California Department of Water Resources indicates that it does not have reliable estimates of yearly recharge,but notes that approximately 53,200 acre-feet are pumped yearly for urban and agricultural uses. The Department's monitoring of the basin shows no long-term continuous decline in groundwater levels, although a safe yield for the basin has not been determined. Based on available data, the Department suggests that the potential yield is greater than current usage. The Redding Area Water Council, a local ad hoc group studying the basin, estimated basin recharge to be approximately 174,000 acre-feet per year. Groundwater Wells The Tehama-Tuscan formation is the principal groundwater reservoir used by the City of Redding. In the Enterprise area,this formation has three water-producing zones separated by confining layers. The zones are known as the upper,intermediate,and lower zones. The lower zone is underlain by the Chico formation,a source of saline water. Wells screened in the lower zone may produce water high in iron and manganese. Good quality water is produced from the upper two zones, where recharge through streambeds is the principal water source. In 1999, wells supplied approximately 28 percent of the water needed by the city. Two principal well systems are maintained by the City: Enterprise and Cascade, as described above. There are 14 wells in operation in these systems, and they supply water to the Cascade and Enterprise pressure zones. The Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-4 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services largest producing system is the Enterprise system,which has a capacity of 12,900 acre feet per year. The total well capacity in these systems is approximately 13,680 acre feet per year. Wells of the Enterprise system are located in the Enterprise and Stillwater Plains physiographic units of the Redding Groundwater Basin. The U.S.Bureau of Reclamation has estimated the minimum safe yield of these aquifers to be 17,000 acre feet per year without recharge from the Sacramento River. The 1999 withdrawal was 40 percent of this amount. Emergency Supply The City has an interconnect agreement with the Bella Vista Water District to provide each other with emergency water. If available,the City could obtain up to 985 gpm(1.4 mgd) of treated water from that district. Bella Vista Water District The Bella Vista Water District (BVWD) is a publicly-owned district that serves a 53-square-mile area. It provides both domestic and agricultural irrigation water to approximately 4,800 customers. Approximately 43 percent of BVWD's service area is within the Redding Urban Area. Water service within the City limits is primarily for residential purposes. However, agricultural uses represent approximately 70 percent of the total water usage districtwide. In 1997,the BVWD delivered approximately 16,317 acre feet of water. Water comes from two sources: (1) the Sacramento River via the Wintu Pump Station located within the city limits and (2) five district wells. The existing contract with the Bureau of USBR allocates up to 24,000 acre feet of Sacramento River water to the BVWD. This amount is subject to reduction in time of drought,however. Existing BVWD wells have an augmentation capacity of an additional 3,960 acre feet. These wells are generally on a "standby" status and are used to augment the system during the summer months and/or when high turbidity levels occur at the Wintu Pump Station. In 1992,the BVWD adopted a Master Plan that describes existing and proposed facilities necessary to serve the BVWD. Explicitly noted in the plan is the need to develop additional sources of water to fulfill future needs. Options include water purchases from the Pit River Basin or the Anderson Cottonwood Irrigation District, additional wells, construction of reservoirs, and renegotiation of the USBR contract. Surface water is treated at the BVWD's facilities located adjacent to the Quail Ridge Subdivision within the city. The water is of good quality,but is subject to winter turbidity problems,as are the City facilities described above. Groundwater is typically of good quality, but some taste problems with iron and manganese occur. Normally, water is chlorinated at each well site to partially control taste and odor problems and to provide a residual chlorine concentration within the distribution system. As areas within the BVWD are annexed to the City of Redding,water will continue to be supplied by the BVWD pursuant to the terms of Annexation Agreement No. 1949 between the City of Redding and BVWD. Pursuant to this agreement,should BVWD be unable to supply adequate water service at some future date,the City of Redding will provide water in accordance with adopted standards, policies, and payments of fees and connection charges. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-5 April 19,2000 Chapter S:Public Facilities and Services Centerville Community Services District (CCSD) Centerville is a publicly owned district that services a 12.5-square-mile area,providing water for domestic uses to approximately 1,000 customers. Approximately one-half of the district's service area is within the City's Urban Area. CCSD draws its water from the Muletown Conduit, which is connected to Whiskeytown Reservoir. CCSD's current allotment from this USBR source is 2,900 acre feet annually. The water is purchased from the Shasta County Water Agency. Water is treated at a treatment facility located at the base of Whiskeytown Dam. The water is filtered during the low-flow winter months and is filtered and blended with unfiltered water in the high-flow summer months. A chlorination facility is also in operation. In 1996,a year-round treatment facility was completed which resolved water quality concerns. Estimates prepared for CCSD's 1989 Master Water Plan indicate that: (1) an additional source of water or an increased allocation from the USBR will be needed to meet future demand; and (2) significant upgrades of the transmission system will be required to deliver the projected daily requirements within CCSD. The Master Water Plan estimates total future demand of 7,550 acre feet. As areas within the Centerville District are annexed to the City of Redding, water will continue to be provided by CCSD pursuant to the terms of Annexation Agreement No. 1655 between the City of Redding and CCSD, executed on May 2, 1983. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, should CCSD be unable to provide service at some future date, the City of Redding will provide water in accordance with adopted standards, policies, and payment of fees or connection charges. Shasta Community Services District (SCSD) Shasta Community Services District is a publicly-owned district that serves a nine-square-mile area, providing water for domestic uses to approximately 700 users. Nearly eight percent of SCSD's service area is within the City's Urban Area. SCSD receives its water from the Spring Creek Conduit at the same location as the City's supply for its Buckeye Treatment Plant. Its USBR contract, which expires in the year 2006, is for a yearly allotment of 1,000 acre feet. Historical usage within SCSD has been about 700 acre feet per year, although current usage has lowered somewhat as a carryover impact of the drought experienced in the early 1990s. SCSD maintains a treatment plant which provides pressure filtration and chlorination. The water quality is generally good. SCSD does not foresee any long-term deficiencies in its water supply at this time. There are currently no agreements or other mechanisms in effect addressing service in areas that may annex to the City of Redding. Clear Creek Community Services District (CCCSD) Clear Creek is a publicly-owned district that services a 23-square-mile area,providing water for domestic and agricultural uses to 2,466 customers in 1995. Approximately two percent of CCCSD's service area is within the City's Urban Area. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-6 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services ^..CCSD is supplied water from the Muletown Conduit,which is connected to Whiskeytown Reservoir. 'he current water allotment from the USBR source is 15,300 acre feet annually. Approximately b6 percent of the yearly water usage is for agricultural purposes. The remaining usage is for domestic applications. Overall, water usage has run about 5,500 acre feet per year over the past two years. Water is treated at a treatment facility located at the base of Whiskeytown Dam. A major upgrade of the facility was completed in 1996. METHODOLOGY Implementation of the General Plan would result in a population increase of 111,500 in the urban area, for a total of 189,750. These new residents will require urban services, including water supply and supporting infrastructure. Although it is not possible to predict the actual numbers of new residential, commercial,and industrial customers,an approximate volume of water needed to serve projected growth can be calculated based on existing population,existing number of customers, and average water use per customer in Redding ssystem. Assuming 3.18 people per"customer" (current population of approximately 78,500 and 24,700 customers), buildout of the General Plan would result in approximately 34,984 additional customers. Assuming water use of.96 acre feet per year per customer(24,700 customers and water demand of 23,880 acre feet per year), this population growth would require approximately 33,585 additional acre feet of water per year. Assumptions • The Clear Creek CSD, Shasta CSD, Centerville CSD, and Bella Vista Water District will continue to provide a portion of the Urban Area's water supply. • All contracts with the U.S.Bureau of Reclamation that expire prior to buildout of the General Plan will be renewed. • Existing water demands met from private wells are not included. • The present "mix" of water uses (i.e., amount of water delivered to typical residential, commercial, and industrial customers) will continue. Thresholds of Significance For purposes of this EIR,an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would result in new development whose water demand would exceed existing system capacity or planned capacity(i.e.,facility expansion or addition of wells),if the water supply would not be adequate to serve projected new development, or substantially degrade or deplete groundwater supply. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Buildout under the General Plan will require approximately 33,585 additional acre feet of water for municipal and industrial uses for a total of 57,465 acre feet. While the bulk of this water will be provided by the City of Redding based on current water district service area boundaries,the surrounding water and community service districts will also be impacted. The service providers currently serving Redding have combined resources of 70,340 acre feet from existing Federal water contracts. However,the surrounding Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services districts provide most of their water to areas outside Redding,and it cannot be assumed that these districts will significantly increase the proportion of water provided to the Redding urban area. In addition to "contract" water, the Redding Ground Water Basin can provide significant groundwater supplies to Redding and the Bella Vista Water District. Although basin studies have yet to be completed, preliminary analysis suggests that increased pumping would not result in groundwater overdrafting. A future component of the Shasta County Water Resources Master Plan will address safe yield levels for the basin. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following policies address the implications of development under the General Plan on the City's water supply and distribution system: CDDIA. Use Figure 1-1 to determine appropriate locations for accommodating urban growth within the City and the Urban Area. The Primary and Secondary Growth Areas depicted on that figure strike a balance between: • The need for future urban expansion areas. • The costs associated with annexing areas which contain existing substandard development. • Rural/urban interface conflicts. • The ability of the City to provide urban services. CDD2A. Require construction of private development projects to be coordinated with the timing and location of public services. Ensure through a combination of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms that development pays its fair share of the costs of constructing/providing new facilities and services as determined by the direct impacts that such development has on these essential services. CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not degrade public services below established service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. CDD2C Evaluate public-service impacts as part of environmental review for proposed development projects and require applicants to obtain "will-serve"letters from service providers prior to receiving approval of a final subdivision map or,in the absence of the need for a final subdivision map,prior to receiving approval of any required building permits. CDD2E. Maintain adequate capacity for urban growth by continuously monitoring and,when required,increasing the capacity of the City's water,sewer,storm drainage,electric,and solid waste disposal systems. NR2A. Continue to evaluate options for increasing the City's and other water providers'water supplies,including, but not limited to,acquiring additional allocations from the Sacramento River,development of additional wells,and enhancement of water-storage and treatment facilities. NR2B. Encourage water-conservation practices including,but not limited to,use of • A tiered pricing system for water which is tied to the amount consumed by a household or business. • Native plants or other plants with low water requirements in public and private development projects. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-8 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services • Drip irrigation systems. • "Gray water"for landscape irrigation if approved by Shasta County. NR2C. Utilize water reclamation projects in landscape and agricultural uses if approved by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board and State Department of Health Services. NR2D. Support efforts to limit exportation of surface water to other areas of the State and to protect local water rights. NR3A. Provide maximum groundwater-recharge opportunities by maintaining the natural condition of waterways and floodplains to the extent feasible given flood-control requirements. NR3C. Support the preparation of a groundwater management plan for the Redding Groundwater Basin that will address long-term sustainability of the resource. NR3D. Support efforts to prevent exportation of groundwater to other areas of the State and to retain local control over the resource. PF5A. Establish the following thresholds for water services and facilities: • Program planned expansion activities, when demand at an existing treatment plant reaches within 10 percent plant capacity. • Reservoir capacity should be maintained at 20 percent of maximum day demand. • Develop additional water supplies from wells at least two years prior to a projected water deficit. PF5B. Develop and maintain a regular program for systematically replacing deteriorated or deficient water pipes. PF5C. Require water distribution systems to be interconnected('looped')wherever feasible to facilitate the reliable delivery of water anywhere in the City. PF5D. Immediately begin the process to acquire additional allocations from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. PF5E. Be actively involved in surface water adjudication which could have a negative impact on the City's water rights and/or allocation. PF5F. Periodically update the City's Master Water Plan to reflect changes to the General Plan Diagram,water use pattern changes, regulatory changes,or other circumstances. IMPACTS Buildout of the General Plan will increase demand for potable water. Within the city of Redding, development under the General Plan Diagram will result in consumption of approximately 57,465 acre feet. However,if the City were to take advantage of the Mixed Use Overlays, a potential for 10,000 to 15,000 additional people would be added to the city which would increase water needs. The General Plan policies address future impacts by requiring that adequate facility capacity as well as funding are available and by conserving existing water supply.General Plan Policies CDD2A,CDD2B,and CDD2E require that new development will not degrade public service levels and that new development will be coordinated with the timing of water facilities. Policy CDD2C would require development project proponents to determine water availability and to obtain "will serve" letters from providers prior to project approval. Policies NR2A,NR2B,NR2C,NR2D,NR3A,NR3D,and NR3C help to ensure adequate Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-9 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services supply by limiting exportation of water outside the county, preserving the groundwater supply, and encouraging water conservation practices. Policies PF5D and PF5E address water allocation issues, including acquisition of increased contract allotments. Further, Policy PF5A establishes thresholds for upgrading the distribution system to ensure reliable delivery of water. The combination of these policies should ensure that the impact of new development on water supply systems is less than significant, since sufficient safeguards will be in place to ensure that water will be available prior to development projects receiving approval. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond those contained in the policies of the General Plan are available. 5.2 WASTEWATER COLLECTION, TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report describes the existing wastewater collection and treatment system in Redding. The system is summarized below. Wastewater(sewer)facilities play a crucial role in the development of the community. Often it is the lack of adequate facilities that leads to limitations on growth within a city. It is essential,therefore,that the system be designed and operated in a fashion that will accommodate a community's plans for growth. These issues are addressed in the City's 1987 Master Sewer Plan and the 1992 Stillwater Service Area Master Sewer Plan. This section addresses the facilities that are currently in use by the City and any plans/opportunities for expansion. Existing System The City of Redding is the sole provider of sanitary sewer service within the Urban Area, but provides service through two separate systems or service areas, as shown in Figure 5-2. These regional systems currently serve six major areas of Redding: North Redding, Redding, Twin View, Enterprise, Cascade, and Stillwater. The total system served approximately 25,648 residential and 2,373 commercial/industrial/government accounts (system connections) for a total of 28,021 customers in 1999. The following describes the City's two treatment plants. 1. Clear Creek Plant. As currently constructed,the plant can treat 8.8 million gallons per dry weather day (mgdwd), which is sufficient capacity to serve 79,000 residents (29,200 residential household equivalents). One household equivalent (HE) is equal to the estimated sewage flow from a typical single-family residence, including an allowance for water infiltration into the system, or about 300 gallons per day. The plant has been designed for future expansion up to 19.4 mgdwd as city growth requires additional capacity. In calendar year 1999,the system received 7.0 mgd average dry weather flow. Of the volume received, 67 percent was from residential uses and 33 percent came from commercial/industrial/government users. This volume represents 83 percent of the system's capacity. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-10 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM h . e O W O tiW 2 ,gam NO,,, L...„ WfR 4\�' Ill c} `� ♦■oil �A i If. STILL ATERQUARTz . hi, SEWERSE' ICEAREA�� Z ` C 0 LECErry 9 r� SR 29 00. .a .z. v.4w4�� o AL RAs 299 p. oia O 10111641W My 00, ,ilik lir 13 L. r41) 11 10 041*# di1111111111.. 6L °PARK 1 1111611 - ' R 44 E, IL; v < c.,, QQ �� � 1 U U W■ V1 . , G 5 ,■ QJ .■ R �,,' , ,,� 4■ RANCHO SRM45 0 00N R u S x II W • LEAR CREEK ce z % g _ SEW:R SERVICE AREA ce m ' REDOING • GIRVAN u • MUNICIPAL ■ AIRPORT A ■ CREEK l N ■ I CLEAR W\,t : ; / { �•— M Owvl-„ • .q MI■■MISEWER SERVICE BOUNDARY ` 1/4 DERSCH sp � ��f 9 s� o s % D:\GP\FIG5-2 DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: fib, CITY OF REDDING, FIGURE 5-2 PUBLIC WORKS DEPT. SEWER SERVICE AREAS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-11 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services 2. Stillwater Plant. The Stillwater Plant came on-line in 1992. The addition of this facility allows North Redding to be served more efficiently and has effectively opened up the southeast section of the city around the Redding Municipal Airport for urban development. The design capacity of the facility is four mgd of average dry weather flow,which will treat wastewater from 13,000 residential household equivalents, or a population of nearly 31,000. This plant has been designed for future expansions to 6.0 mgdwd in the year 2005 and 8.0 mgdwd in the year 2012 as future growth requires additional capacity. Further, sufficient land is available at the treatment plant site for further expansions beyond 8 mgdwd. The plant received an average flow of 2.7 mgd of dry weather flow in 1999. This is 69 percent of current capacity. METHODOLOGY This analysis focuses on changes to the municipal wastewater system. For analysis of sewer needs the City uses the concept of household equivalents. This system equates flow from all sources to the equivalent number of households that would generate the same flow. For instance,studies have determined that in Redding, the average single-family residence contributes approximately 300 gallons per day to the wastewater system. To determine flow from other uses, sewage flows from various areas in the city were monitored, the land use mix determined, and household equivalents established. As an example, monitoring commercial and industrial areas indicates that these uses generate 2,000 and 960 gallons per acre, respectively. This translates into 6.66 HEs per acre for commercial uses and 3.2 HEs per acre for industrial uses on average. This methodology is used for all generalized land use types. It should be noted that some land use classifications do not lend themselves to accurate forecasting using simple "gross acreage" calculations. Such uses as "Airport Service" include vast areas of land that will remain undeveloped as clear zones, runways, etc. Further, some lands classified as "Public Facility/Institutional" may remain as open space, therefore not contributing to wastewater generation. Examples include the now "closed" Benton Landfill and the "reserved" future landfill site at Southwest Oregon Gulch. The low wastewater-generation rate for some uses acknowledges these factors. Assumptions • The City will continue with its program of reducing infiltration/inflow flows. • Sewer service will be unnecessary for large-lot residential development (one acre lots and larger). Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would result in new development whose wastewater demand would exceed existing system capacity or require facility expansions that cannot be accommodated at existing facility sites. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in increased wastewater generation from residential, commercial, and industrial development. Table 5-1 shows the estimated wastewater generation at buildout of the General Plan (28.2 mgd). Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-12 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services TABLE 5-1 ESTIMATED WASTEWATER GENERATION AT BUILDOUT Redding Urban Area Clear Creek Stillwater Land Use Total GPD HEs Gallons/Day* HEs Gallons/Day"- Residential allons/Day"Residential(DU) 34,029 10,208,700 29,782 8,934,600 19,143,300 Commercial(per acre) 12,144 3,643,200 5,326 1,597,800 5,241,000 Heavy Commercial/Industrial(per acre) 8,467 2,540,100 1,062 318,600 2,858,700 Public Facility(per acre) 2,178 653,400 856 256,800 910,200 TOTAL 56,818 17,045,400 37,026 11,107,800 28,153,200 *Based on dry weather flows. Source:City of Redding,2000. As noted earlier,the Clear Creek Plant's current capacity is 8.8 mgd(dry weather day) but is designed to be expanded to a capacity of 19.4 mgd. The Stillwater Plant's current capacity is 4.0 mgd (dry weather flow)but can be expanded significantly. The existing Master Water Plan indicates that the Stillwater Plan is designed to be expanded to 8.0 mgd, but notes that significant expansion beyond that is feasible as demand warrants. This is because the Plant is sited on a 200 plus acre property which will not restrict future expansions. At buildout, there will be an estimated 28.2 mgd of wastewater generated within the urban area. This would result in an increase of approximately 18.5 mgd of wastewater above the current flow. The City's existing Master Sewer Plans for Clear Creek and Stillwater project capacity expansions to 27.4 mgd. This analysis indicates that,with planned expansions,the Clear Creek Plant would have an excess capacity of approximately 10 mgd per day. The Stillwater Plant will need to be expanded to accommodate 11.1 mgd, or an increase of 3.1 mgd above currently stated expansion plans. As can be seen from Table 5-2,impacts on both Plants at buildout will be reduced considerably from the exiting General Plan. TABLE 5-2 ESTIMATED WASTEWATER GENERATION AT BUILDOUT Redding Urban Area Sewer Service Area Existing General Plan Gallons/Day" Draft General Plan Gallons/Day* Clear Creek 19,422,300 17,045,400 Stillwater 19,649,100 11,107,800 • TOTAL 39,071,400 28,153,200 Note:The wastewater generation totals are based on the Urban Area for the existing General Plan and the urban area for the Draft General Plan. *Based on dry weather flows. Source:City of Redding,2000. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following General Plan policies address the implications of development under the General Plan for the City's wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal systems: CDD2A. Require construction of private development projects to be coordinated with the timing and location of public services. Ensure through a combination of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms that development pays its fair share of the costs of constructing/providing new facilities and services as determined by the direct impacts that such development has on these essential services. CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not degrade public services below established service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. CDD2C. Evaluate public-service impacts as part of environmental review for proposed development projects and require applicants to obtain "will-serve"letters from service providers prior to receiving approval of a final subdivision map or,in the absence of the need for a final subdivision map,prior to receiving approval of any required building permits. CDD2E. Maintain adequate capacity for urban growth by continuously monitoring and,when required,increasing the capacity of the City's water,sewer,storm drainage,electric,and solid waste disposal systems. PF6A. Establish the following thresholds for sewer facilities: • Program planned expansion activities when a trunk line,interceptor line,or lift station reaches 75 percent of capacity. • Program planned expansion activities, when an existing wastewater treatment plant reaches 75 percent capacity based on dry weather flows on an ongoing basis. PF6B. Monitor operation of the sewage collection and treatment system to determine when upgrading or expansion of the system is necessary to serve development demands. PF6C Develop and implement a regular program for replacing and upgrading deteriorated and undersized sewer lines to reduce inflow and infiltration into the system. PF6D. Encourage the land application of treated wastewater biosolids and other similar activities consistent with standard industry practices and permitting by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board and the Planning Commission. PF6E. Develop a market and the ability to deliver reclaimed water for appropriate uses. IMPACTS According to projections,development under the General Plan Diagram would adversely affect the City's ability to provide wastewater treatment. Additionally,if the City were to take advantage of the Mixed Use Overlays,a potential for 10,000 to 15,000 additional people would be added to the city which would further intensify deficiencies in the Stillwater system. In the past,the City has experienced an unacceptably high rate of inflow and infiltration (I&I) into the system. Although reliable estimates of I&I quantities are not available,the City has initiated a long-term infiltration/inflow correction program to resolve the problem. Reducing I&I flows to acceptable levels will free up additional capacity. However,since exact estimates of I&I flows are not available,the amount of flow reduction is unknown. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services The General Plan policies address future impacts by requiring that adequate facility capacity as well as funding be available in conjunction with new development. General Plan Policies CDD2A, CDD2B, CDD2C, and CDD2E require that new development will not degrade public service levels and that new development will be coordinated with the timing of wastewater facilities. Additionally,Policy CDD2A requires that adequate funding mechanisms are in place to pay for future wastewater facility upgrades. Policies PF6A through PF6E include a number of measures to establish service levels, upgrade lines, and use alternative means of dealing with treated wastewater. The combination of these policies should ensure that the impact of new development on wastewater collection and treatment systems is less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 5.3 STORM DRAINAGE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report describes the existing conditions and trends in flooding and drainage in the Redding area. Storm drainage within the city limits of Redding is operated and maintained by the City. Outside the city limits,this responsibility resides with Shasta County. As new areas are annexed, the City assumes responsibility for stormwater management. This section addresses stormwater facilities and related planning programs. Flooding issues are addressed in Section 8.3 of this EIR. Storm Drain Facilities The existing storm-drainage system consists of conventional drop inlet/storm-drainage pipeline collection and conveyance systems located throughout the city. These systems typically outfall into natural ravines or tributaries to the Sacramento River where the water is ultimately discharged. The system consists of the following improvements: • Miles of Pipe: 125 • Number of Catch Basins: 5,041 • Miles of ditches: 15 Storm Drain Master Plan Over the past several decades, the City has been proactive in the management of stormwaters by engineering the construction of the system described above and by undertaking numerous studies related to drainage. The most ambitious of the studies,the citywide Master Storm Drain Study,was prepared by Montgomery Watson in 1993. The study presents a conceptual approach for drainage and flood-control management. The study provides sizes and locations of recommended facilities, and recommends solutions to existing problems as part of the Capital Improvement Program. The study consists of the development of computer-based hydrologic models and then uses the models to develop a flexible,cost- effective approach to managing runoff from development. The major drainage basins analyzed by the study are depicted on Figure 5-3. Integral to the City's approach to stormwater management is the use of stormwater detention or retention facilities. Both the Master Storm Drain Study and the subsequent "Detention/Retention Study" Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-15 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM tii- w A? o E .11, V�� d' (......,________ _ wk"`fR NEWTOW :ii 11145.. ou" ` IVIlliak • Ai* 4' 111.1111/ CHURN DOMMAUNITY COLLEGE SR 29 9 E ou� °WR ULPHER e�1a 4AL Ge ' o \` r� ' � ‘ILLW• � �y 0 SACRAMENTO �- �� $ 7D� RIVER �„; �► ; CHURN o sR - ��� �► i c.* ` opo Air RAs y X99 �� •CRAMENTO '3 •'r �� ;,;10- 07 41111*. Vral AMU% lie bG , MIN - oh 1le , F .._,• ERSACRAMEN ( �1RIVER EVER ''S < L Ogg OREGON ll . 1U sNOT 480L NY—VI i' . \wwCHO STUDY s r g� u;I �H�EN OLNEY I� 1 0 Ilk CLEAR RED DIPG,4L �'(� iii AIRPORT GEAR CREEK4- 1 ACRAMENT•1 � , ‘ Os RIVER * � ✓ MEAD, STILLWATER *AlQ° O Rq `\ 1\ DERSCH SPN.... ,1 J :y Z 7, P a J D:\GP\FlG5-3 DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: CITY OF REDDING FIGURE 5-3 MASTER STORM DRAIN STUDY HYDROLOGIC BASINS INDICATES NORTH Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-16 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services (Hydmet, Inc.) address the desirability of utilizing a regional detention facilities strategy to maintain stormwater flows at predevelopment levels. The Hydmet study analyzes the feasibility of utilizing detention and retention and includes recommendations on potential locations for facilities. Further, it identifies where such facilities are ill-advised due to the potential for exacerbating downstream flooding problems. As directed by City Council Policy No. 1806, the City will actively pursue stormwater detention along with drainage facilities construction as a strategy for storm-drainage control. Construction and Funding of Improvements The primary mechanisms used to construct drainage facilities are of three types: (1) drainage improvements,including stormwater retention and off-site improvements where warranted,are required of all new development; (2) a Storm Drain Tax of$0.10 per square foot of building area is applied to all new development; and (3) a Storm Drain Utility, established in 1993, which assesses each parcel of land in the city in accordance with the amount of impervious surface that is contained on each parcel. Over the past five years,the Storm Drain Tax contributed an average of$185,700 per year for drainage system improvements. State law limits the use of the tax to projects which are necessitated by new development. During that same period, the Storm Drain Utility collected an average of approximately $814,800 per year in revenue which can be used for maintenance of the system and for a variety of system improvements,including encouraging and providing stormwater detention facilities. The citywide Master Storm Drain Study projects the total cost of recommended facilities to be approximately$22 million. The Capital Improvement Plan that accompanies the study is designed to spread the construction of the recommended improvements over time. The structures that are the most seriously deficient have been given the highest priority for improvement. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to assess storm-drainage impacts resulting from development estimated under the General Plan. Assumptions • The City will continue to use a conventional drop inlet/storm-drainage pipeline collection and conveyance system. • The City will continue to utilize detention/retention facilities to eliminate increased stormwater discharge. • The City will continue the storm-drain tax and a storm-drain utility to fund drainage improvements and to maintain the system. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would result in new development without adequate existing or planned storm-drainage system capacity. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Within the Urban Area,storm-drainage discharge volumes will increase as a result of increased impervious surfaces(e.g.,paving,roadways,and structures)associated with new development under the General Plan Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5-17 Apri119,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services Diagram. Most of this storm drainage is collected in natural ravines or Sacramento River tributaries and is ultimately disposed of in the Sacramento River.The implications,such as flooding,are greatest in low- lying areas and near rivers, creeks, and channels. The new development from the General Plan Diagram will require new drainage system facilities to meet the increasing discharge volumes. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following General Plan policies address the implications of development under the General Plan for the City's stormwater drainage systems: CDD2A. Require construction of private development projects to be coordinated with the timing and location of public services. Ensure through a combination of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms that development pays its fair share of the costs of constructing/providing new facilities and services as determined by the direct impacts that such development has on these essential services. CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not degrade public services below established service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. CDD2C. Evaluate public-service impacts as part of environmental review for proposed development projects and require applicants to obtain "will-serve"letters from service providers prior to receiving approval of a final subdivision map or,in the absence of the need fora final subdivision map,prior to receiving approval of any required building permits. CDD2E. Maintain adequate capacity for urban growth by continuously monitoring and,when required,increasing the capacity of the City's water,sewer,storm drainage,electric,and solid waste disposal systems. HS2F. Continue to utilize the Storm Drain Utility and Storm Drainage Construction Tax,or similar measures, as funding mechanisms for necessary drainage improvements throughout the City. HS2G. Establish a regional stormwater detention system at appropriate locations in area watersheds in cooperation with adjacent jurisdictions. Stormwater basins should be designed to allow passive or active recreational uses. Consider establishing basins within those areas depicted in Figure 4-4. PF9A. Establish the following thresholds for stormwater drainage facilities: • Design drainage facilities to convey a 100-year storm. Until adequate regional stormwater facilities are in place,utilize a policy of"no net increase in runoff" development projects in all drainage basins where existing development is within the 100-year floodplain. PF9B. Select and pursue the acquisition of sites considered appropriate for regional stormwater detention/retention facilities within the incorporated area. PF9C. Construct regional stormwater detention/retention basins at locations that will minimize current flooding risk. PF9D. Encourage Shasta County and the City of Shasta Lake to participate in the City's regional systems and/or develop a system of regional detention facilities that will complement the City's system. PF9E. Encourage project designs that minimize drainage concentrations and coverage by impermeable surfaces. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft E1R 5-18 April 19,2000 Chapter 5:Public Facilities and Services PF9F. Maintain all drainage facilities, including detention basins and both natural and manmade channels, to ensure that their full carrying capacity is not impaired. IMPACTS Development according to the General Plan will increase stormwater runoff from urban development covering pervious surfaces such as dirt or fields with impervious surfaces such as roofs and pavement. General Plan Policies CDD2A, CDD2B, and CDD2E ensure that there are adequate storm-drainage facilities available to meet additional runoff from new development. Additionally,Policies CDD2A and HS2F address the need for adequate funding mechanisms to pay for future drainage facility upgrades. Policies HS2G, PF9B, PF9C, and PF9D of the General Plan require the establishment of a regional stormwater detention system at appropriate watersheds in cooperation with other jurisdictions. Policies PF9E and PF9F address minimizing impervious surfaces and providing sufficient maintenance. Potential Detention/Retention Areas within the Urban Area include: Newton Creek, Buckeye Creek, Boulder Creek, and Sulphur Creek to the north of the Urban Area; Canyon Creek and Oregon Creek in the southwest part of the Urban Area; and Clover Creek to the east of the Urban Area. In addition to General Plan policies, the Citywide Master Storm Drain Study describes drainage improvements needed to serve projected development under the existing General Plan. Policies and programs of the Drainage Master Plan provide for the detailed storm-drainage planning and expansion, development, and financing of new storm-drainage facilities. Since development estimates under the General Plan are lower for residential and slightly higher for nonresidential than those of the existing General Plan,drainage improvements under the Citywide Master Storm Drain Study will most likely be adequate for development under the General Plan Diagram. The aforementioned General Plan policies should ensure that the impact of new development on the stormwater drainage system is less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 5.19 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 6 OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES This chapter assesses the potential impacts of development under the General Plan on other public facilities and services including law enforcement, fire protection services, schools, parks, solid waste, electricity, and other public utilities. 6.1 LAW ENFORCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report, dated May 1996, describes existing law enforcement services in the urban area. Law enforcement in the urban area is provided by two agencies—the Redding Police Department (RPD) and the Shasta County Sheriff's Department. The RPD operates principally out of the main station complex located at 1313 California Street. This 13,000-square-foot facility houses all functions except the Investigation Division (located in the Downtown Mall) and evidence storage (located at 1550 California Street). Vehicle storage is provided at the Redding Area Bus Authority Yard at 3333 South Market Street. The department is organized into three major divisions: Administrative Services,Field Operations, and Investigations. The main station of the Shasta County Sheriff's Department is located at 1525 Court Street in Downtown Redding. Several substations are located in outlying unincorporated areas of the county. The Shasta County Sheriff's Department has the responsibility for responding to calls in the unincorporated portions of the urban area. The RPD employed 107 sworn officers in 1999. The ratio of sworn police officers per 1,000 residents was 1.36 during that year,using an estimated Redding population factor of 78,500 people. As the community grows,the ratio would decline without the addition of sworn personnel. The number of staff positions necessary to meet overall policing needs varies,depending on the level of service demanded and the level of crime in a community. The RPD indicates that on the basis of sworn officers to population, Redding's ratio of 1.36 officers per 1,00C residents is considered "average" for cities of comparable size. The RPD notes,however,that as a hub city,Redding draws people from all around the north state for recreational,medical,retail shopping, employment,and a variety of other reasons. The city's location at the crossroads of two State highways, and Interstate 5 is a further draw. For these reasons,the comparison with other cities may not be valid. The RPD has established a geographic-based "beat" system to respond to calls for service. There are currently six beats covering the city's 59-square-mile area as depicted in Figure 6-1. A beat is based on population density, calls for service,traffic load, and response times. To illustrate growth impacts, it is important to note that between 1985 and 1999,population in the city grew by 60 percent,and the geographic area grew by 26 percent. During this time,the number of sworn Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-1 April 19,2000 ,JPfr ) itz ,. /4 p II ...:......: • ""^/Z if A SHASTA •,•,•,,•,•,•,•,•,•,• COLLEGNITY E SR 199 . - •.::iiii....4„. .. li L...:::::::::::.cl.::::::::::::::::::.......y.% Ai +1,4441. 4111:'......:::.......!. 401...u....ia air ;.....................:.:.:.:.1::::114 _,,,. 7 .• • • • ••.... • • • �v 0 .... . . 0 t., .z.,,, •• . oN. ••••„...."...••••••............. 7 Pr., •efe •�lith NV NIP.e. 11--'''''''\' ' ' ,\`' -*4-133,t6011: �.•.t D 1,, :'tiff :;:tiff,: }: •s{i: j\ •:.:!.!:::.:::::.:::::.:.::.:...:).x.......;. =t \\\* 113,0 ` 1ti ' . ` i:iii:ii::. N. ik % .-.moi �..,...:...:::: ::::. i, ::: ., ?IC.' li:1 , -//%1W Fr WA.' 1',..-457, A .„ ./ .., v. .....o. _ .. maw, ..„.:..........:„....„:„:„.....:....f:::::::.::::::.::::::::::.:,::::::,::::::„:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:::,,::::,::::: , r.‘ .:::,:::,:,:,:::,:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::,:::::::.:„...:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: ,:,.:.....:.,..:...,..„:„. , ''') SII, • / 4 a 1 ONN N'''k . . ,„,..s, ' .' a f.,,t40A 11 . 11111111, le{ �i�- •pING E f \ i /I/��•Pi IPAI CLEAR CREEK ; 1, Adiallli11, q$:;'-.',1, 7,,,,4616.. ..... .. .,, ... ,. \ .PAY/?Al&100110rAA 1 i DERSCH '-. N, ......... .____,...... . .r...., \)i, o � - t^ _ f D:\GP\FlG6-1 DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: CITY OF REDDING, FIGURE 6-1 POLICE DEPARTMENT REDDING POLICE DEPARTMENT CRIME BEATS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services officers increased by 37 percent. There was not an increase or change in the number of beats over that time frame. METHODOLOGY In 1999, the ratio of sworn officers for the RPD to the entire population of the city of Redding was 1.36 police officers per 1,000 residents. This ratio will be applied to the projected population increase anticipated to occur in the city. Assumptions • Law enforcement services would be provided by Redding Police Department and the Shasta County Sheriff's Department. • • This analysis relies on maintaining the current ratio of 1.36 sworn police officers per 1,000 residents. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would generate demand for law enforcement services that would exceed the ability of the local law enforcement agency to maintain the current service ratio of 1.36 officers per 1,000 population. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in new residential,commercial, and industrial development,which would increase the population and the need for police services. Police service requirements are also influenced by the demand for traffic control and traffic accident services. Response times could increase if staffing does not keep pace with the increased demand for police services. At buildout, development within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas would accommodate approximately 190,000 residents,creating a demand for 258 police officers(an additional 151)to maintain a ratio of 1.36 officers per 1,000 population. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan Policy Document includes the following policies concerning law enforcement protection: CDD2A. Require construction of private development projects to be coordinated with the timing and location of public services. Ensure through a combination of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms that development pays its fair share of the costs of constructing/providing new facilities and services as determined by the direct impacts that such development has on these essential services. CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not degrade public services below established service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services PF2A. Establish the following thresholds for police services: ► Maintain,at a minimum,a sworn officer to population ratio of 1.36 officers per 1,000 residents. • Respond to 85 percent of Priority 1 calls within 5 minutes of being dispatched. PF2B. Provide police facilities (including patrol and other vehicles, necessary equipment, and support personnel) sufficient to maintain the City's standards for law enforcement services. PF2D. Consider utilizing developer impact fees to finance a portion of police facilities. IMPACTS Currently, the City of Redding Police Department maintains a ratio of 1.36 sworn officers per 1,000 residents. With the increase of approximately 111,500 residents anticipated at buildout of the General Plan, 151 additional police officers would be needed to maintain the current level of police protection. In addition, at the time of buildout, there would be an increase of 2,646 acres of new commercial space and 6,056 acres of new industrial uses that would require police protection. The General Plan contains Policies CDD2A and CDD2B that would ensure that the current level of police protection service would not be degraded. These policies complement Policies PF2A,PF2B,and PF2D,which establish service levels and address funding issues. Implementation of the above policies would ensure that adequate police service would be provided as development occurs under the General Plan. With implementation of the General Plan, therefore, this impact is considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 6.2 FIRE PROTECTION SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report, dated May 1996, describes existing fire protection services in the City of Redding. The existing conditions are summarized below. Fire protection in the city of Redding is provided by the Redding Fire Department (RFD). Outside the city limits, but within the urban area, primary fire protection responsibility rests with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) and the Shasta County Fire Department. The RFD has a mutual aid agreement with CDF as well as with the Shasta County Fire Department and adjacent incorporated cities. An automatic aid agreement with the Shasta County Fire Department is also in effect for structure fires. In 1999, the RFD staff consisted of 75 paid personnel plus 15 paid, on-call firefighters (volunteers) and operated seven stations. Table 6-1 indicates the number of firefighting personnel staffed for all three shifts as well as the type of equipment housed at each facility. Figure 6-2 depicts the location and basic response area for each station. As noted above,the RFD responds to incidents outside the city limits subject to the provisions of mutual aid agreements. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-4 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM n p ct L _ may, Hid 1 SHASTA COMMUNITY COLLEGE 5F 299 E ) , ;.. i ': Q a I I I a.n ►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦1♦♦♦ ►♦♦♦♦�•♦� ����. 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III. •♦!♦!♦ iii!♦!� STATION 1 pR , I/ /A STATION 2 \ � DERSCH STATION 3 N STATION 4a�3 y', STATION 5 P sf z 1 STATION 6 u, 3 i;i'i',','i STATION 7 D:\GPV1G-6-2 * STATION LOCATION DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: t CITY OF REDDING, FIGURE 6-2 FIRE DEPARTMENT FIRE STATION RESPONSE AREAS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft E1R 6-5 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services TABLE 6-1 STATION STAFFING AND EQUIPMENT Redding Urban Area 2000 Station# Location Personnel" Equipment 1 1355 Shasta St 5 1 Type I engine, 1 Type II/III engine, 1 truck, 1 California OES engine 2 3491 Placer St 2 1 Type I engine, 1 Type II/III engine 3 225 Canyon Rd 2 1 Type I engine, 1 Type II/III engine 4 26055 Bonnyview Rd 2 1 Type I engine, 1 Type II/III engine, 1 breathing support vehicle with trailer 5 955 Hartnell Ave 5 1 Type I engine, 1 Type II/III engine 6 4201 Oasis Rd 3 1 Type I engine, 1 Type II/III engine 7 6751 Airport Rd 2 1 combo foam/water/dry chemical air rescue unit, 1 chemical/foam air rescue engine, 1 Type I engine *24-hour-per-day staffing. Source: City of Redding Fire Department,2000. Response Time The RFD set a standard of a five-minute response time for all emergency calls, although a four-minute response is desirable. Response time is measured from the point at which the agency receives notification from a consolidated dispatch service. The department notes that annexation activity and population growth have resulted in the standard response time not being met in four out of seven districts. Average station response time in 1995 ranged from a low of 4.5 minutes for Station 3 to a high of 6.8 minutes for Station 5. Figure 6-3 indicates the approximate locations where additional stations will be constructed. METHODOLOGY The RFD does not have an adopted ratio of fire protection personnel to resident population. However, the RFD has set a standard of a five-minute response time for all emergency calls. Thus, the assessment of fire protection will be compared to this standard. Assumptions • The Redding Fire Department would serve all new development within the urban area. The City would continue to maintain mutual aid agreements with other fire agencies in the county. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would reduce existing fire protection service levels which could adversely affect response times,the physical environment,human health or safety,or require additional fire protection resources. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-6 April 19,2000 LEGEND _ _ -- k.;) COP Q/QAT10N TIRO �,,..� RON INSTALL REACTORS OR4RD iRANSFORIER I OAKS / 1L STA.KLUGE A5 NO AT FLANAGAN RD.230/115.EV A19STATIO/l ./"‘I I A. AKTATIbL\RTA¢A{NOM (364MW) NOTES 5.6 AND 7. II (DATE UNH.) / I A nosnc cae ne/lacv I( 3UKTATKN PROPOSED CDR 113/,SV —-- —I L I , 9suis,..„,:.Oo C -—-- I L. I+ II sND CCP,1 RV K /: I �•� I r J h 1 DOPING 115.WE OPP.= AT 12[V NEM S1XLMIP / ----- - ` I SNSTAlf IS MIMED) / I QUARTZ HILL• L. PORTER() -_, I 'R0'O�1°'°'"` f INST MIR /, BELTLINE OASIS ROAD• (DATE LINK) I VICE CP MUENCE , (DATE LINK.) INST 3rd 115KV • EPR=rim \ ,, (UNKNOWN) i I (291 MW) ,WOE .ECT S,LOAD ova INST%FMR /1 SEW OPERATION AT RUREIN \ (264MW) — ARMED (MACAO YTRANS- .----- R�U \ s 4 \\ COR OTT or MOM —RECONDUCTOR SHORT SPANS OF 556AAC INTO KESWI AND RECONFIGURE KESWICK TO QUARTZ HILL 1 WAPA MJ,DN ARA POWER AIWA KESWICK 1 / AND KERSWICK TO EUREKA WAY(291MW) 0 COLLEGE VIEW II NORMA OPEN 230/115KV 1 1 WAPA r/%/i. (REACTORS - 3854.460 , SULPHUR CRK. \1 (NOTES 2 &5) . 6 4.' i SULPHUR CRK. JCT. \ RECONFIGURE 115KV LINES INTOI KESWICK AS SHOWN. (291MW) L \ I lsi EUREKA WAY 1 .5 0 1 MILE ` ® \ APPROX. SCALE OREGON (DA(NK) \ I '\ / INST SPUR /2 CANBY RECONFIGURE 115KV ONES) (26611W) � AROUND EUREKA WAY AS AALDON L \ \ SHOWN. (291/AW) I E. REDDING \ 2.1 m 1 � -RANCHO RD.I ( © INST • g WI TAP \ 1 MOORS INST xFMR /1 (250-4SBMWJ n 1 RANCHO RD. 1 I(SST3XF3U (DATE UNK.) (NOTE 4) I,a‘ NST. %FUER /1 _ OR (250-459MW) J TEXAS -AIRPORT�1 Jr Tic SPRINGS J H-r\\ t 0 230/115Kv \\ I ,� MONTGOMERY i \ �� (wAPA/coR) I 1 1 L, RANCH r� REDDING INST%FMR /s Z:' (3ssMw) ,...; 1 ro��\ JJJ�' �y 1 5/1 POWER 1 AIRPORT (455M R/4 IL'Y,H\ �` ,/,, (NOTE 2) // (NOTE 2.3 $S) I I .." \ REDDING i I 1 / _ I o MUNICIPAL I �'V �' 1 �\ S AIRPORT HONEYBEE \ •• � (DATE UNK.) \ , -—\ /' CLEAR CREEK• \ A• -_ z (DATE UNK.) •1 \ J NOTES : \ fir/ \\r-, 1 oI ,� I I 1. SYSTEM LOAD LEVEL WHERE PROJECT IS REQUIRED ARE ESTIMATES OILY AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. �/ \G'Y�� �'rr J TRANSMISSION FOR CONNECTING T GENERATKN PROJECTS OR LARGE CUSTOMERS GENERALLY NOT SHOWN. `\i \VIII\ • • 2. AT ABOUT 355MW SYSTEM LOAD THE KESMCK TRANSFORMERS OVERLOAD. THE RECOMMENDED PLAN IS TO INSTALL \V A THIRD TRANSFORMER AT AIRPORT THEN ADD REACTORS AT KESMCK(385MW)AND THEN EXPAND AIRPORT SUBSTATION �� LLWATER TO 4 TRANSFORMERS(455MW), THE BEST LOCATION FOR A NEW 23D/115KV SUBSTATION IS AT REDOING POWER. NEW 230/115KV SUBSTATION INST XFMR 01 NOT REQUIRED UNLESS REDOING LOAD EXCEEDS ABOUT 556MW. (250-459M60 3. OPERATE AT 12KV UNIX STILLWATER)611R/1 REQUIRED.INSTALL 115KV BREAKERS AT AIRPORT 230/115KV SUBSTATION\WHEN STILLWATER XP UR/1 REQUIRED. 4. ALL NEW UNE SECTIONS SHOWN MAY NOT BE NEEDED BUT ARE SHOWN BECAUSE THEY MAY BE REQUIRED. IF RANCHO RD.SUBSTATION IS NOT NEEDED NEN 115KV SYSTEM WXL PROBABLY BE RECONFIGURED TO PLAN 212A AND ARPORT-E REDOING UNE WW1 NOT BE BUILT. 5. SYSTEM LOAD LEVELS SHOWN FOR REACTORS.COMPLETION OF AIRPORT-EAST REDOING INE AND AIRPORT 2130/T15KV EXPANSION ASSUME 52MW GENERATION AT REDDING POWER. SYSTEM LOAD LEVEL SHOWN FOR 115KV RECONFIGURATION ASSUMES 6B.6MW GENERATION AT REDDING POWER. 6. AN ALTERNATIVE TO REACTORS AT KESRCK AND FLANAGAN RD.ME UNE REACTORS ON THE KESWLCK-DELTUNE AND KE51MC1(-EUREXA WAY LNES 7. ASS/MIG 52MW GENERATION AT REDOING POWER REACTORS ARE NOT REQUIRED AT FLANAGAN RD.UNTIL 64MW SHASTA LAKE LOAD. MAXIMUM FIRM CAPACITY POSSIBLE MIH REACTORS AT FLANAGAN IS 7361W. REACTORS ONLY GIVE BMW ADDITIONAL CAPACITY. IF MORE THAN BMW ADDITIONAL CAPACITY IS NEEDED A 11RD FLANAGAN XM IS REQUIRED. DATE JANUARY 2000 CITY OF REDOING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE. it CITY OF REDDING FIGURE 6-3 ELECTRIC DEPARTMENT CITY OF REDDING 115KV ELECTRIC SYSTEM LONG RANGE PLAN NOT TO SCALE 0294-3 • Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Fire service is similar to police service in terms of the need to maintain a 24-hour response capability and the need to minimize response times to calls. For fire service,however,the location of stations in relation to service area is critical, while police typically respond to calls from a patrol beat. Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in an increase of approximately 111,500 new residents and additional commercial and industrial uses. These increases would create a demand for additional fire protection, such as new stations and additional staff. Currently, four out of seven fire districts do not meet the standard response time of five minutes.Since new development could occur outside of existing fire station response areas,the RFD's standard response times would likely not be met. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan Policy Document includes the following policies concerning fire protection services: CDD2A. Require construction of private development projects to be coordinated with the timing and location of public services. Ensure through a combination of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms that development pays its fair share of the costs of constructing/providing new facilities and services as determined by the direct impacts that such development has on these essential services. CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not degrade public services below established service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. CDD2C Evaluate public-service impacts as part of environmental review for proposed development projects and require applicants to obtain "will-serve"letters from service providers prior to receiving approval of a final subdivision map or,in the absence of the need for a final subdivision map,prior to receiving approval of any required building permits. HS4A. Maintain an Insurance Service Office(ISO)rating of 3 or better. HS4K. Maintain and augment mutual and automatic aid agreements with the California Department of Forestry (CDF)and Shasta County. IMPACTS Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in an increase of 111,500 residents, 1,483 acres of commercial space, and 6,056 acres of industrial uses at buildout. These increases would require additional fire protection resources, such as personnel and equipment. However, General Plan Policy CDD2B ensures that new development would not degrade fire protection below established service levels. Also, Policy CDD2A requires the payment of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms by new development to offset costs of developing new fire protection facilities and services. Policy HS4A requires the maintenance of an Insurance Service Office (ISO) rating of 3 or better. Policy PF4A establishes service levels for response times,while Policies PF4B,PF4C,and PF4D address equipment and station distribution. Policy PF4E would reduce fire losses through the expanded use of automatic fire- suppression systems. The RFD set a standard of a five-minute response time for all emergency calls, and four out of seven districts currently do not meet this standard. New development could occur in parts of the urban area Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-8 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services that are outside of existing fire station response areas, resulting in a larger geographic area for the RFD to cover. The new development would increase the number of people and structures subject to potential fires, which would elevate the number of people and structures the RFD would be required to serve. Additional development proposed to occur would make it more difficult for the RFD to serve the urban area and meet the current five-minute response standard, particularly the development outside the response area. General Plan policies would ensure that staffing and equipment levels are adequate and that new stations are constructed to maintain service thresholds;therefore,the impacts are considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES With implementation of the General Plan,no mitigation measure beyond that contained in the General Plan is necessary. 6.3 SCHOOLS ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report,dated May 1996,describes existing educational resources in Redding. These existing conditions are summarized below. The urban area is served by ten public school districts and a number of private—primarily parochial—schools.These ten public school districts are Cascade,Enterprise,Gateway,Grant,Junction, Pacheco,Redding, Columbia, Shasta Elementary, and Shasta High. Eight out of the ten school districts are currently operating beyond capacity. METHODOLOGY Table 6-2 projects the total number of students that would attend each local school district from the Redding urban area upon buildout of the General Plan. For comparison purposes,the table also shows enrollment in the 1997/1998 school year as well as the current capacity of each district. Student yield factors were applied to the total number of dwelling units anticipated in each district by the General Plan. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-9 April 19, 2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services TABLE 6-2 SCHOOL DISTRICT ENROLLMENT/BUILDOUT COMPARISON Redding Urban Area Total Projected Students Existing School District from Urban Area Enrollment District Capacity 1997/1998 Cascade 195 1,845 1,874 Enterprise 8,833 4,087 4,061 Gateway 10,783 4,283 3,949 Grant 327 480 382 Junction 325 573 570 Pacheco 1,374 839 794 Redding 10,013 3,622 3,584 Columbia 5,145 809 740 Shasta Elementary 414 270 278 Shasta High 10,552 4,911 3,744 TOTAL 47,961 21,719 19,976 Source:Jack Schreder and Associates,2000;City of Redding General Plan,2000. Assumptions • The existing school districts would continue to provide service to the urban area. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would overcrowd existing schools resulting in adverse changes in the physical or educational environment of classrooms, or require additional resources be developed (e.g., new schools). IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development in the Redding urban area would result in increased enrollment for a total of 68,102 students at the time of buildout. This represents an additional 46,383 students over existing enrollment. The increase of students would require the expansion of existing schools or the construction of new schools. As Table 6-2 indicates,all ten school districts would be operating beyond capacity at the time of buildout of the urban area. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan Policy Document includes the following policy concerning educational resources: CDD2D. Work with school districts in the Planning Area on a continuous basis to determine appropriate sites for new schools; assist Districts by reserving sites as a condition of development approval in accordance with applicable State law. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-10 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services IMPACTS Currently, eight out of the ten school districts in the Redding urban area exceed existing capacity. At buildout of the General Plan,there would be a total of 68,102 students,representing an addition of 46,383 students over current enrollment. This would exacerbate overcrowding in existing schools,and the school districts would not have adequate capacity to serve the additional students. Expansion or construction of new schools would be required to accommodate students from new development. The State has preempted local jurisdictions from establishing specific mitigations for school impacts with the passage of Proposition 114/Senate Bill (SB) 50 (Chapter 407, Statutes of 1998). Since SB 50 funds will be made available for school construction, the State has determined that such funds are adequate mitigation for school impacts. Therefore, this impact is considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies included in this General Plan are necessary. 6.4 PARKS & RECREATION ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 8 of the General Plan Background Report dated May 1996,describes existing parks and recreation programs in Redding. The existing conditions are summarized below. Parks The city has approximately 1,500 acres of publicly and privately-owned parks,park facilities,and special purpose facilities. The current public park system in the Redding area contains 45 developed or partially developed park sites,27 undeveloped park sites,and 17 open-space areas. A majority of the existing park sites in the urban area are at least partially developed. Of these 1,500 acres of total parkland, the city of Redding contains some large private recreational facilities which serve the entire region. These include Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum by the River. The 205-acre Turtle Bay area, which includes the Posse Grounds and Convention Center, contains 60 acres leased to the Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum by the River. It is a unique facility that incorporates the natural sciences, forestry, art, and history of the Sacramento River and surrounding watershed. Future plans call for a museum complex to be developed in the area east of Auditorium Drive and integrated with a nature preserve or"wild area." The nature preserve includes the majority of Turtle Bay West (120 acres) and all of Turtle Bay East (65 acres) located across the river. To the north,across the river from the Convention Center,the Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum by the River is planning to develop an arboretum on approximately 200 acres that would serve as a natural park, garden, and outdoor science classroom in the center of the community. A proposed bicycle/pedestrian bridge would link the two facilities as well as provide a planned extension of the Sacramento River Trail. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-11 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services Parkland Acquisition and Funding Acquisition of parkland in the city is accomplished primarily through the provisions of the "Quimby Act" as implemented by the City's Park and Recreational Land and In-Lieu Fees Ordinance. Essentially, this allows the City,within certain parameters,to require the dedication of parklands and/or the payment of in-lieu fees as residential properties are subdivided. Where parkland dedications are required,they are based on a formula which equates to five acres of parkland per 1,000 population. Recreation Programs Using its own facilities as well as several schools and private facilities,the urban area offers a wide range of recreation activities, including: • Sports leagues administered by the City,including men's and women's basketball,volleyball,softball, and youth basketball, volleyball, soccer, and baseball. • Noncompetitive sports for all ages, including tennis, swimming lessons and open swimming, and aerobic classes. • Seasonal activities including many speciality classes for youths and adults,including a variety of art and craft classes, dance classes, babysitting, gardening, martial arts, scuba diving, self-improvement classes, nature appreciation classes, and field trips. METHODOLOGY For the purposes of this EIR, an impact may be deemed significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would conflict with recreational uses in the city or if it would create unmet demand for parks. Assumptions • Existing deficiencies based on the City of Redding's existing or proposed recreation standards would not be considered an impact of new development slated to occur under the General Plan. • All types of parks would be considered community-wide facilities. Thresholds of Significance For purposes of this EIR, an impact on park and recreational facilities is considered significant if new development creates a demand for park and recreational facilities that will not be met. Under the provisions of the Quimby Act, the City can require the dedication of up to five acres of parkland per 1,000 population. However,policies of the General Plan require a minimum of ten acres of parkland per 1,000 population. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would increase population and the demand for additional parks and recreational facilities. The anticipated increase in population at buildout is approximately 111,500 residents, which could create the need for 1,115 acres of developed parkland. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-12 April 19, 2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE Goal R4 has a goal to provide a minimum of ten acres of developed parkland per 1,000 population and a broad range of facility types. The following policies would help the City to reach this goal: R4A. Develop and implement a Citywide Parks and Recreation Master Plan. R4B. Construct a regional sports complex in the vicinity of Old Oregon Trail and Viking Way to meet existing and future needs for softball, baseball,soccer,equestrian,and similar facilities. R4C Locate at least one Large Community Park in each quadrant of the City(refer to Figure 7-1)as indicated generally on the General Plan Diagram. R4D. Accept only parkland that is consistent with the City's site,locational,and development requirements. R4E. Acquire Large Neighborhood and Community Park sites well in advance of their actual need. R4F. Explore nontraditional methods for acquiring park and recreation land. R4G. Disperse park facilities and equipment throughout the community to prevent an undue concentration in any one area. R4H. Locate parks adjacent to school facilities,whenever possible,to maximize recreational opportunities and joint use of facilities. R4I. Establish agreements with local schools which will allow other agencies,groups,or members of the public to use special facilities and grounds(such as multipurpose rooms, gymnasiums, sports fields, basketball courts, etc.) during times when school is not in session to accommodate additional community and recreational activities. Where such agreements are in effect,the facilities may be included in the City's parkland inventory. R4J. Increase the acreage and quality of developed park facilities by placing a priority on: • Building out existing Large Neighborhood and/or Community parks that are underdeveloped. • Encouraging developers of large residential projects to dedicate land and build out park sites. • Encouraging community-based park improvements such as gifts or community-improvement projects. • Coordinating improvements and programs with nonprofit organizations,schools,other agencies,and private- sector providers to avoid duplication of facilities and programs. R4K. Encourage collocation of public and private parks with flood-control facilities, such as storm water detention basins, where appropriate,to maximize the efficient use of land. R4L. Pursue the acquisition of surplus Federal,State,and local lands, where appropriate, to meet present and future park and recreation needs. R4M. Work with citizens groups and other agencies to prioritize development of and identify appropriate locations for Special Purpose Facilities. Facilities to be considered may include a public golf course, sports field complexes, indoor or outdoor archery facilities,an indoor or outdoor pool complex. The following policies ensure that new development contributes to the park, recreation, and improved open-space needs of the urban area: Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services RSA. Develop standards that will result in new residential projects providing appropriate levels of improved open-space and/or recreational amenities. R5B. Continue to require developers of residential property to contribute park sites or pay in-lieu fees at the maximum rate allowed by State law. R5C Providea partial credit toward in-lieu fees,parkland dedication requirements,and/or park development fees for: • Construction of private recreation facilities, improved open-space areas,and parks. • Recreational amenities constructed within existing public park facilities or schools where a long-term,joint-use agreement is in effect. • Private development of new public parks. R5D. Adjust parkland in-lieu fees regularly to reflect current land values. The following policies would provide a mix of recreation programs that appeals to all age, economic, social, and ethnic groups in the community: R6A. Monitor population,age,economic,and ethnic ratios to ensure that recreation programs and park facilities meet the most pressing needs. R6B. Explore the creation of recreation-based programs and park facilities in conjunction with law enforcement, schools,local colleges,and community groups that address current social concerns for youth violence,crime,and drug problems. R6C Program recreation activities jointly with schools and local colleges,where possible. The following policies would encourage Shasta County to provide parkland and recreation programs in those unincorporated sectors of the Redding urban area in which urbanization is permitted by the County: R7A. Encourage the County to acquire and improve Neighborhood Parks as a part of the subdivision development process. The following policies would promote a regional approach to recreation facility and program planning/development: R 8A. Encourage a regional approach to the provision,planning,and development of recreation facilities and programs by promoting cooperation with school districts, special service districts, neighboring communities, Shasta County, and the Federal government. Recognize that policies and programs restricted to jurisdictional boundaries can impede the provision of high-quality facilities and programs that benefit the citizens of Redding. The following policies would promote and facilitate development of a citywide recreational trail system: R11A. Develop a Citywide Trails Master Plan to specifically locate future trails. In general, the trail system should: • Focus on linking neighborhoods to other land uses and significant destination points within the community. • Separate bicyclists and pedestrians from vehicular traffic and pedestrian facilities from bicycle facilities,whenever feasible. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services ► Provide continuous trail connections, including a looped system around the City. RUB. Continue development of the Sacramento River Trail to establish a common and continuous thread along the river corridor, connecting recreational,educational,cultural,commercial,and residential areas/uses. R 11C. Until such time as the Citywide Trails Master Plan is adopted,utilize Figure 7-2 as a guide to establish trails that provide links to schools as well as trails and trail connections along open-space corridors. R11D. Continue to obtain land dedications and/or easements for the development of public trails and the Regional River Parkway through direct purchases and the discretionary approval process for new development. Until such time as a Citywide Trails Master Plan is developed,utilize Figure 7-2 to determine appropriate trail corridors. R11E. Pursue funding which can be used for parkway and trail-system planning,land acquisitions,construction,and maintenance. R11F. Design bicycle and trail systems in a manner that protects the privacy of adjacent land uses, allows for easy maneuvering,and promotes user safety. R 11 G. Encourage the establishment of volunteer bicycle-path/recreation-trail patrols to improve the real and perceived level of safety for users of those facilities. IMPACTS Although the General Plan establishes a parkland standard of ten acres per 1,000 population,under the Quimby Act,the City can only require the dedication of five acres of parkland per 1,000 people. Thus, new development within the urban area could create a demand for parkland that could not be obtained through this mechanism. Further,additional recreational programs would be required. However,there are several General Plan policies regarding the preservation and development of parks and recreational programs. Policy R4A requires the City to develop and implement a Citywide Parks and Recreation Master Plan. The implementation program requires funding issues to be addressed. Policy RSA requires new single family and multiple-family developments to provide an appropriate level of improved open space and/or recreational amenities. Under Policy RSB, developers of residential property are required to contribute park sites at a minimum rate of five acres per 1,000 population or in-lieu park fees to partially offset the impacts on the City's public park system of future residents. Policies that encourage Shasta County to provide parkland and recreation programs to the unincorporated parts of the urban area are included. The General Plan also contains policies that would promote and facilitate development of a citywide recreational trail system. Implementation of the General Plan policies, in combination with the City's Park and Recreational Land and In-Lieu Fees Ordinance,would result in adequate parkland and recreation programs to serve the urban area.Therefore,this impact is considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No additional mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 6.5 SOLID WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report dated May 1996,describes existing solid waste conditions in the urban area. The existing conditions are summarized below. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-15 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services Solid waste generated in the urban area is disposed of at Shasta County's Richard W.Curry/West Central Sanitary Landfill (Curry Landfill, formerly known as the West Central Sanitary Landfill), located 9.2 miles west of State Highway 273, southwest of Redding. This Class Ell landfill has a storage volume of approximately 17,000,000 cubic yards with a storage area of 165 acres. Under existing State permits,the landfill has sufficient capacity to accommodate the disposal of solid waste at least to the year 2017. Expansion of the facility is anticipated at such time as increased capacity is warranted beyond the extent of existing permits. Materials accepted at the landfill include municipal solid waste,inert industrial waste, demolition waste, and special wastes such as friable asbestos. Shasta County has contracted with the City of Redding for the management and operation of the landfill. This arrangement was formalized in 1988. The operating agreement provides that the City shall dispose of its solid waste at the landfill and shall operate the facility. The City of Redding generated 79,482 tons of waste in 1999. All residential, commercial, and industrial refuse in Redding is collected by City personnel. The Anderson-Cottonwood Disposal Service(ACDS)provides refuse service to those areas within the urban area but which are outside the City limits. The ACDS also owns and operates the Anderson Landfill. As new areas are annexed to the City of Redding, however, solid waste would be taken to the Richard W. Curry/West Central Sanitary Landfill. METHODOLOGY The annual amount of solid waste generated is calculated by applying solid waste generation rates from previous City records. These generation rates for residential and commercial uses are shown below in Table 6-3. The additional solid waste generated is compared to existing and planned capacity of the landfill to determine impacts. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-16 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services TABLE 6-3 GENERATION RATES FOR SOLID WASTE Residential Commercial Industrial 0.33 tons/person/year 36 tons/acre/year 1 lb./100 sq.ft./day Source:City of Redding Background Report, 1996,EIP Associates, 1997. Assumptions • The Curry Landfill has sufficient capacity to accommodate the disposal of solid waste at least to the year 2017. Sufficient land area exists for significant expansion of the facility. • The City will continue to implement the goals of the Source Reduction Recycling Element (SRRE) in an effort to increase waste diversion to 50 percent by the year 2000. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would deplete the capacity of the Curry Landfill at a significantly higher rate than projected by the County, and options do not exist for alternate facilities to be established/utilized. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in increased waste generation from residential,commercial,and industrial development. A total of 184,139 tons per year of solid waste could be attributed to this new development. At buildout, there would be an additional 111,500 new residents, which would generate an increase of approximately 36,795 tons/year of solid waste. There would also be 1,471 acres of new commercial uses at buildout, which would equate to approximately 52,956 tons per year of solid waste. There would be an additional 5,556 acres of industrial uses,generating an increase of approximately 94,388 tons/year in solid waste, assuming an average FAR of 0.30 and five- day work weeks. If the City increases its waste diversions from 25 percent in 1995 to 50 percent,as required by the Redding SRRE, the annual waste disposal would be reduced by 39,741 tons, and the amount of waste generated by General Plan buildout would be approximately 92,070 tons/year. These activities would further extend the life of the Curry Landfill beyond original projections. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan Policy Document includes the following policies concerning solid waste services. CDD2A. Require construction of private development projects to be coordinated with the timing and location of public services. Ensure through a combination of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms that development pays its fair share of the costs of constructing/providing new facilities and services as determined by the direct impacts that such development has on these essential services. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-17 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not degrade public services below established service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. CDD2E. Maintain adequate capacity for urban growth by continuously monitoring and,when required,increasing the capacity of the City's water,sewer,storm drainage,electric,and solid waste disposal systems. PF8A. Establish the following thresholds for solid waste collection and disposal facilities: • Prepare necessary studies and obtain appropriate permits to operate a sanitary landfill in Southwest Oregon Gulch or another appropriate site 5 years preceding the closure of the Richard Curry Landfill. • Pursue expansion of the City's solid waste transfer station when collection activities approach 85 percent of facility capacity or additional space is needed to accommodate desired separation and recycling activities. PF8C. Continue to implement the City's Source Reduction and RecyclingElement and expand identified programs, when feasible,in order to meet or exceed state mandated waste diversion goals. PF8D. Promote recycling and other measures designed to reduce the generation of solid waste. IMPACTS In 1995, the city of Redding generated a total of 79,482 tons of solid waste per year. Using current generation rates, an additional 184,139 tons per year would be generated by new General Plan development at buildout. If the City increases its waste diversions from 25 percent to 50 percent in the year 2000,as required by the City of Redding Source SRRE,the current annual waste disposal would be reduced by 39,741 tons, and new development waste by 92,070 tons per year. These activities would extend the life of the Curry Landfill beyond original projections. Expansion of the facility at this time appears feasible. To ensure adequate landfill space is provided, General Plan Policies CDD2F and PF8A reserve a future landfill site at Southwest Oregon Gulch near the western terminus of Kenyon Drive by designating that public property as "Public Facility/Institutional" on the General Plan Diagram. That site could be used if and when the use of the Curry Landfill has reached its capacity. Therefore, this impact is considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 6.6 ELECTRICITY ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report dated May 1996, describes existing electrical resources in the urban area. The existing conditions are summarized below. As a California municipal corporation, the city of Redding owns, operates, and maintains a power transmission and distribution system within city limits. It has historically been the policy of the City of Redding to be the sole provider of electric service within the city limits. As areas are annexed, City Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-18 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services electric service is made available when Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) facilities can be purchased or otherwise provided to customers through a logical extension of the City's electric distribution system. On September 23, 1996,the Governor of California signed into law the landmark electric utility industry restructuring legislation known as AB 1890. Industry restructuring or deregulation is an effort by the State to lower consumers' energy costs by providing competition in the buying and selling of energy. Deregulation only applies to the generation of energy; it does not apply to the distribution of energy. The City purchases or produces wholesale power and delivers it to its customers. All of the power is received at three delivery points: Western Area Power Administration's (WAPA)Keswick Dam 115 kV switchyard, the Western/City Airport 230/115 kV Substation, and the City-owned 13.8 kV Redding Power Plant. Power is transmitted from these delivery points over the City-owned 115 kV bulk transmission lines to the City's distribution substations. The bulk transmission/substation system consists of nine 115/12 kV distribution substations, one 115 kV switching station, and a 115/13.8 kV generator step-up substation. Figure 6-3 shows the locations of existing and planned electric substations and other facilities. The Transmission System The City of Redding's 115 kV transmission lines interconnect the distribution substations to the power delivery points. The transmission system is designed as a highly reliable looped system(there are at least two sources for every distribution substation) which ensures that an outage or failure of any one 115 kV line would not interrupt power to any City customer. All transmission lines in the City's electric system are in generally excellent condition, and the majority were constructed after 1977. The Distribution System The City's distribution system consists of nine 115/12kV distribution substations, where power is transformed from 115 kV transmission to 12 kV distribution voltage and connected to the service distribution transformers via the 12 kV distribution lines. The 12 kV distribution system is a very reliable radial-type system designed such that all customers can be picked up from a different source if the normal feed is experiencing some problem (i.e., outage) even during peak demand conditions. The distribution system is in generally excellent condition. Any deteriorated facilities are replaced as necessary to provide reliable service. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to assess impacts on the electrical system resulting from development estimated under the General Plan. Assumptions • The City will strive to be the sole provider of electricity within the city limits and all newly annexed areas;however,deregulation of the industry will make alternate energy sources available to customers. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-19 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would result in increased demand that would exceed the current or feasibly-expanded capacity of the City's transmission and distribution system. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM As shown on Table 6-4,the existing total peak electrical demand is 153,990 to 172,365 kW,and as shown on Table 6-5, the total peak electrical demand at buildout would be 488,940 to 653,570 kW. This represents a 196 percent to 264 percent increase in current peak demands. Proposed development under the General Plan would require extension of electrical lines, and expansion or construction of existing substations. TABLE 6-4 EXISTING ELECTRICAL DEMAND Redding Urban Area Land Use Type Existing Peak Demand Multiplier Peak Demand Residential' 33,200 units 3.2 kW/unit 106,240 kW Retail/Office 1,175 acres 30 to 35 kW/acre 35,250 kW to 41,125 kW Industrial 500 acres 25 to 50 kW/acre 12,500 kW to 25,000 kW TOTAL n/a n/a 153,990 to 172,365 *Includes single and multi-family units. Source:City of Redding,March 2000. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-20 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services TABLE 6-5 PEAK ELECTRICAL DEMAND AT BUILDOUT Redding Urban Area Peak Demand Land Use Type Buildout Multiplan Peak Demand Residential* 80,400 units 3.2 kW/unit 257,280 kW Retail/Office 2,646 acres 30 to 35 kW/acre 79,380 kW to 92,610 kW Industrial 6,056 acres 25 to 50 kW/acre 151,400 kW to 302,800 kW TOTAL n/a n/a 488,940 to 653,570 kW *Includes single and multi-family units. Source:City of Redding,2000. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan Policy Document includes the following policy to serve new development. CDD2E. Maintain adequate capacity for urban growth by continuously monitoring and,when required,increasing the capacity of the City's water,sewer,storm drainage,electric,and solid waste disposal systems. PF7A. Periodically review and update,as necessary, the City's Electric Utility Strategic Plan to reflect industry restructuring developments and other changing conditions. PF7B. Continue to budget capital expenditures for buildout of the electric system. Periodically update the system plan to reflect changes in electric usage patterns,regulatory changes,changes in General Plan land use and other circumstances. PF7C. Require main electric distribution lines to be interconnected(looped) wherever feasible to facilitate the reliable delivery of electricity within the City. PF7D. Design the electric system to allow service to be provided to all electric customers in the event of a single contingency failure ofa City 115k Vpower line,substation transformer or main 12k Vfeeder line(other than the failed section). IMPACTS The existing peak electrical demand for the urban area is 153,990 to 172,365 kW. Development under the General Plan Diagram would generate a peak electrical demand of 488,940 to 653,570 kW for the urban area at buildout. This represents a 197 percent to 264 percent increase over existing peak demand, which would require new electric infrastructure, and extensions and improvements to existing electric lines. Expansion and construction of existing substations would also be necessary. Up to 11 new substations are proposed to be constructed along the urban area boundary. In addition,compliance with General Plan Policy CDD2E would ensure that all new development would be provided with adequate electric service,Policy PF7B addresses budgeting of capital expenditures,while Policies PF7C and PF7D will ensure reliable service delivery. Therefore,the impact on electricity would be less than significant. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-21 April 19, 2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 6.7 OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The following existing conditions can be referenced from Chapter 7 of the General Plan Background Report dated May 1996. Redding Convention Center The City of Redding owns and operates the 39,000-square-foot Redding Convention Center. This facility is a multi-purpose building situated adjacent to the Sacramento River. It is the principal location for a range of activities,including conventions, cultural and entertainment events, sporting events, and trade and exhibit shows. The facility can accommodate up to 2,082 seats,depending on seating configuration. Cable Television Service Viacom Cablevision provides cable television within the urban area of Redding. The company receives satellite signals and retransmits those signals via cable from its Eastside Road location in Redding. Marks Cable provides cable service primarily in the unincorporated, outlying area. Telephone Service Basic telephone service in the urban area is provided by Pacific Bell. That firm has implemented an aggressive program over the past several years to introduce fiber optic telecommunications infrastructure to the Redding area to provide high-speed and enhanced services to its customers. Fiber optics technology furthers the ability to provide expanded service to the urban area. The majority of the facilities serving the Redding urban area are located within the City's and County's rights-of-way and private easements. Natural Gas Service Natural gas is provided in the urban area by Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). The area is served by a high-pressure system, measuring 60 pounds per square inch (psi) or less. PG&E conducts load planning as much as 20 years in advance to estimate potential demand. Therefore, if adequate funding arrangements are in place, PG&E foresees no problems with expanding service to urbanizing areas. METHODOLOGY Assumptions • The current service providers will continue to be responsible for serving future development within the urban area. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-22 April 19,2000 Chapter 6:Other Public Facilities and Services Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is deemed significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would create demand that exceeded the current or feasibly-expanded capacity of existing utility service providers. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Development under the General Plan would be required to extend or construct natural gas lines. Additional telephone and cable televisions lines would also be required. With the addition of new residents within the urban area, there would also be a increase in demand for convention center space. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan Policy Document includes the following policies concerning public services: CDD2A. Require construction of private development projects to be coordinated with the timing and location of public services. Ensure through a combination of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms that development pays its fair share of the costs of constructing/providing new facilities and services as determined by the direct impacts that such development has on these essential services. CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not degrade public services below established service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. IMPACTS New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would require the expansion of existing public utilities, such as natural gas lines, cable lines, and telephone services. The increase in population would also result in an increase in demand for convention center space. However,General Plan Policies CDD2A and CDD2B would provide adequate public facilities and services,and would ensure that existing services would not be adversely affected. Therefore,this impact is considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No additional mitigation measures beyond the existing policies of the General Plan would be required. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 6-23 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 7 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT This chapter assesses the impacts of development under the General Plan on the natural environment. The issues addressed in this chapter include: water resources, agricultural resources, wildlife habitat, special-status species, and mineral resources. Issues on water supply and demand are addressed in Chapter 5. 7.1 WATER RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Detailed information about water resources is contained in Chapter 9 of the General Plan Background Report. Existing water supply and water quality is addressed below. Surface Water The urban area is divided into 14 major drainage basins,all of which are associated with the Sacramento River or tributaries thereof. Figure 7-1 depicts the creeks with which the major basins are associated. Of these 14 basins,four fall entirely within the urban area:Boulder Creek,Buckeye Creek,Clover Creek, and Sulphur Creek. In addition, numerous small ponds are located in the urban area and provide a variety of public and private recreational and aesthetic amenities which include the following:Bolinger Catfish Ponds(private), Ross Ponds (private), Mary Lake (public), Rother Pond (private), McConnell Foundation (Lema) Ponds (private), Dredger Tailing Ponds (private), and Shea Pond (private). Surface Water Quality As a raw water source, the Sacramento River has excellent quality. The points of diversion for the Redding and Bella Vista Water District systems are above sewer discharge to the river by other communities in the Redding region. Even though the water quality is high,the river periodically exhibits high turbidity and is subject to the leakage of heavy metals from Iron Mountain Mine. According to the Regional Water Quality Control Board(RWQCB),the principal surface water quality issues in the urban area concern soil erosion and nonpoint source pollutants from urban land uses. Groundwater The urban area is located in the Redding Groundwater Basin. In the basin,typical depth to groundwater is approximately 100 to 200 feet. The California Department of Water Resources indicates that it does not have reliable estimates of yearly recharge,but notes that approximately 53,200 acre-feet are pumped yearly for urban and agricultural uses. The Department's monitoring of the basin shows no long-term continuous decline in groundwater levels, although a safe yield for the basin has not been determined. Based on available data, the Department suggests that the potential yield is greater than current usage. The Redding Area Water Council, a local ad hoc group studying the basin, estimated basin recharge to be approximately 174,000 acre-feet per year. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-1 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM ; a o2 y,, `+ 3 R O 2 r(... ..... (__ fq4 i Uvq \I • �N (�A 4 ,QA ; ii , ��5 1, ( \ o `�� ,I D Nit/. ,t.4 1 1 1 YYYttt i� a (// Ti4c , SHASTA`, SR 299 E DAM z Z COMMUNI is,s• /14 5 - COLLEGE) 0�'A '. f GDk_YER ! I -:,.. CO��GE NEW' j II -R iit. 41,„,..,; Iki. 1 B• ON • Z-, 1 y I" /� I� s , ... f ! oLD♦ TURAS G �' .. �fi �44 - R 299 W �.••!� Ce x 1 Z rd ♦ ik. 1 94r ‘r x,1 . , Ire * 1 �� °I"RK t6; ,1gn t1 1 1 hc,��G AR• EL tolk la ♦4 w......... - ..:r 1,..),-„ � .^ V ; s, ..., , , ct . Z ,o • S ••.M��IM• ! r N �1 • to lawel!' , fn �A 4 1.. 10 4 14,... I 8Fµ5 00N�`- do - N H• `* II cow 5 y 1 i .. ., " O)EY c k�� l� or) v ' 3 'I NiuCIAL ,�/� RT cLEAR M "� Ali CREEK 40/116,4,444���+ �� ^'• ` CIF C oo • • • �� IL.N. ♦, JDERSCH ..P4 � 4 ss.• Z 7., jj A t^ s D:\GP\FIG-6-3 DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: CITY OF REDDING FIGURE 7-1 DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT. CREEKS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Groundwater Quality While the municipal wells of the City of Redding produce high quality water, some degradation of groundwater quality has been noted in shallow aquifers within the Churn Creek Bottom area. Principally,the degradation is a result of contamination by nitrates and other materials originating at the ground surface as a result of human activities such as fertilizer use, livestock ranching, and residential septic tank use. The RWQCB indicated that there are also documented problems with periodic septic tank/leach field failures in the Wooded Acres and Argyle neighborhoods. Further, the RWQCB is conducting studies of groundwater contamination(principally gasoline)that is occurring in the Wyndham Lane area. The exact source has not been determined;however,preliminary studies indicate that one or more of the gasoline bulk plants located adjacent to State Route 273 are responsible. The only other contamination concern addressed by the RWQCB is from leaking underground tanks. Responsibility for overseeing cleanup rests principally with the Shasta County Environmental Health Department and the RWQCB. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to assess impacts on water resources that would be expected to occur at buildout under the General Plan. Assumptions • Adverse impacts on surface water and groundwater quality are assumed to be directly related to increased surface water runoff from impervious surfaces which flush urban pollutants into surface waters and can percolate into the ground. This is a long-term impact of urban development. An additional short-term impact is associated with runoff from construction activities that can flow into surface waters or percolate into the ground. • New development will comply with any future changes in discharge requirements, including obtaining a municipal stormwater permit in accordance with NPDES requirements when city population reaches 100,000, or earlier, if required by the RWQCB. • Increase of impervious surfaces result in reductions in groundwater recharge. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, water resource impacts may be deemed significant if the project would substantially degrade surface water quality,contaminate a public water supply, substantially degrade or deplete groundwater resources, or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Surface Water Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram could affect water resources through the short- term increase in pollutant discharges to surface waters. This results from construction and grading activities,and the long-term increases in discharges of pollutants resulting from the increased development and use of roadways, parking lots, landscaped areas, and other impervious surfaces common to urban development. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Construction and grading activities from development could temporarily affect water quality in surface waters by disturbing soils that are then washed into local drainages. Discharge containing other construction-related pollutants that accumulate on-site, including cement, oil and solvents, are also possible. Discharge of construction-related pollutants is greater during the rainy season than during the dry season because of the amount of runoff. Construction activities adjacent to waterways(e.g.,on creek banks) can,if not controlled,discharge greater amounts of pollutants than projects located farther from waterways. Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram could also cause a long-term increase in pollutant discharges. Runoff from streets, parking lots, and landscaped areas typically contain pollutants such as oil,grease,heavy metals,pesticides,fertilizers,and sediment. During storms,especially early in the rainy season, pollutants that have accumulated on roadways and other surfaces are washed into drainages. Industrial operations also can generate pollutants that are discharged into the local drainage system. Groundwater Converting open-space lands to urban uses would alter the kinds of pollutants that percolate to the aquifers underlying the urban area. For instance, farm chemical infiltration, primarily from lands currently producing field crops and row crops, could be reduced if these activities are taken out of production. At the same time, urban contaminants in groundwater could increase if runoff from developed areas is able to pond in recharge areas, including drainage swales and landscaped areas. The potential for groundwater contamination from urban sources would be greatest during construction and grading activities, before impervious surfaces have been constructed. Increased impervious surfaces associated with urbanization would reduce percolation opportunities and decrease groundwater recharge, as well as the potential for groundwater contamination. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE Implementation of the following General Plan policies would minimize soil-erosion and sedimentation problems resulting from development activities, and improve the quality of stormwater runoff: NR JA. Establish a process for the development, review,and approval of erosion-and sedimentation-control plans of single-family residential construction and similar small projects. NR 1B. Require development applicants to submit and receive Public Works Department approval for erosion-and sediment-control plans prior to undertaking grading activities. NR 1C. Minimize soil erosion and sedimentation created during and after construction activities to the fullest extent practicable, using Best Management Practices(BMPs). NR 1D. Make project monitoring and enforcement activities a priority to ensure that erosion-control measures are in place prior to the start of the rainy season and function properly and effectively: • Installed properly. • In place prior to the start of the rainy season. • Functional and effective. NR IE. Aggressively pursue immediate remediation when erosion damage is discovered and/or initial control measures fail. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-4 April 19, 2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment NR1F. Establish and levy fines for failure to comply with the requirements of the Grading Ordinance and/or an approved erosion-and sediment-control plan. NR IG. Support and/or jointly sponsor erosion- and sedimentation-control training and education activities in conjunction with the development community. NR 1H. Ensure that employees responsible for monitoring and enforcing the City's Grading Ordinance receive adequate training regarding erosion-and sediment-control practices. NR 11. Work with Shasta County and other regional,State,and Federal agencies to reduce the amount of toxic chemicals and other agents or pollutants entering the surface water system from agriculture,golf course,and urban runoff NR1J. Encourage neighboring jurisdictions to adopt and enforce consistent erosion-and sediment-control measures. The following General Plan policies would preserve and protect the quantity and quality of groundwater resources within the urban area as a result from new development proposed under the General Plan: NR3A. Provide maximum groundwater-recharge opportunities by maintaining the natural condition of waterways and floodplains to the extent feasible given flood-control requirements. NR3B. Comply with the Regional Water Quality Control Board's regulations and standards to maintain and improve groundwater quality in the Planning Area. NR3C. Support the preparation of a groundwater management plan for the Redding Groundwater Basin that will address long-term sustainability of the resource. NR3D. Support efforts to prevent exportation of groundwater to other areas of the State and to retain local control over the resource. NR3E. Work with appropriate State,Federal,and local agencies to protect,improve,and enhance groundwater quality in the region. The following General Plan policies would minimize surface-water,groundwater,and soil contamination as a result from new development proposed under the General Plan Diagram: NR4A. Discourage the establishment of any new septic systems,except in areas where residential densities are low(1-5 units per acre and larger)and soils are suitable for septic system use. NR4B. Continue to accept,recycle,and/or properly dispose of household hazardous wastes through ongoing operation of the City's Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program. NR4C. Work with appropriate local,State,and Federal agencies to ensure that those responsible for soil,surface-water, and/or groundwater contamination are required to initiate,monitor,and complete full remediation activities. NR4D. Work with Shasta County and other appropriate agencies to educate the public and business owners regarding proper handling and disposal of hazardous materials and household hazardous wastes. NR4E. Establish and enforce penalties for illegal dumping of both hazardous and nonhazardous materials. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-5 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment IMPACTS As discussed above,new development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would require various construction-related activities that could affect water quality. Grading and excavation activities could expose soil to increased rates of erosion, and increase sedimentation to surface waters. Construction activities could also involve the use of heavy machinery and other construction equipment,which could result in spills and the release of pollutants percolating into the ground and/or flowing into surface waters. General Plan Policies NR 1A through NR1K would minimize soil-erosion and sedimentation impacts resulting from construction-related activities,and would improve the quality of stormwater runoff. These policies require the use of Best Management Practices(BMPs)to minimize soil erosion and sedimentation, approval of erosion-and sediment-control plans prior to undertaking grading activities,establishment and application of substantial fines for failure to comply with the requirements of the Grading Ordinance and/or approved erosion-and sediment-control plans,and modification of the City's Grading Ordinance to address erosion and sedimentation to small projects that are not subject to this ordinance. BMPs can include restricting site preparation to the dry season,prohibiting excavation of materials being deposited or stored where the material could be washed away by stormwater runoff, reporting any spills or leaks from the use of machinery and other heavy equipment, and cleaning up in accordance with applicable local, State, and Federal regulations. General Plan policies also require the use of Best Engineering Practices for stormwater collection and disposal,and cooperation with Shasta County and other regional, State, and Federal agencies to reduce the amount of pollutants entering the surface-water system from agriculture, golf courses, and urban runoff. A long-term effect of new development would be the increase of impervious surfaces, which could increase levels of stormwater runoff and reduce groundwater recharge. Another long-term effect of new development would be the increase in urban stormwater runoff. Runoff from paved areas could carry oil and grease. Runoff from landscaped areas could contribute chemicals from fertilizers,pesticides, and herbicides. The use of BMPs would reduce these long-term effects. For example,oil and grease separators can be used to control roadway and parking lot contaminants; peak flow reduction and infiltration practices, such as grass swales and infiltration trenches; and storm drain inlets can be labeled to educate the public of impacts associated with dumping on receiving waters. The General Plan Policies NR4A through NR4E would minimize surface-water, groundwater, and soil contamination from new development in order to preserve water quality. These policies require coordination with the Shasta County Environmental Health Division and other appropriate agencies to educate the public regarding handling and disposal of hazardous materials, continue operation of the City's Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program, and limit the establishment of new septic systems to areas where residential densities are low and soils are suitable. Policy NR4D requires the City to work with appropriate local, State, and Federal agencies to ensure that those responsible for soil, surface-water, and/or groundwater contamination are required to initiate, monitor, and complete full remediation activities. New industrial uses anticipated to occur could affect surface-water quality. However,there are Federal and State regulations in place to protect water resources. The National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) provisions necessary to implement the Clean Water Act require establishment of an industrial pretreatment program to prevent release of industrial waste discharges to Publicly Owned Treatment Works(POTWs),such as the City's wastewater treatment plant. NPDES provisions necessary to implement the program are provided in 40 CFR 403. By controlling the quality of the industrial wastewater entering a POTW,harmful contaminants that could affect the wastewater treatment process, present a health risk to plant workers, or become part of the effluent stream are minimized. To accomplish this,treatment plant-specific concentration limits("local limits") are established,monitored, and enforced by the POTW for industrial dischargers. The Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) supervises the City of Redding's Pre-treatment Program. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-6 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment The General Industrial Stormwater Permit, adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) in 1991, requires industrial dischargers to (1) eliminate illicit discharges of stormwater to stormwater systems; (2)develop and implement a stormwater pollution prevention plan;and 3)perform monitoring of discharges to stormwater systems. Draft revisions to the permit were proposed in 1997 and include: establishment of an extensive formula for developing and implementing Stormwater Pollution Prevention Programs performance of annual comprehensive site compliance audits and modification of existing permit monitoring requirements by requiring quarterly non-stormwater discharge observations. General Plan Policies NR3A through NR3E would help preserve and protect the quantity and quality of groundwater resources as a result of new development. These policies require compliance with the RWQCB's regulations and standards,and cooperation with appropriate State,Federal,and local agencies to protect groundwater quality. At the Federal level, stormwater quality standards are established by NPDES, adopted as Section 402 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) as amended in 1987. State legislation addressing water quality is contained in the approved Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act. In California, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and the nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCB) administer both the NPDES and State regulations. Water quality objectives for the Sacramento River and its tributaries are specified in The Water Quality Control Plan for the Sacramento River Basin and San Joaquin River Basin prepared by the Central Valley RWQCB in compliance with the Federal CWA and the State Porter- Cologne Water Quality Control Act. The Basin Plan establishes water quality objectives, and implementation programs to meet stated objectives and to protect the beneficial uses of water in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin. The State requires that any construction activity affecting five acres or more obtain a General Construction Activity Stormwater Permit.The purpose of this permit,which was adopted in 1992,is to minimize the potential water quality impacts associated with land development during construction. Permit applicants are required to prepare a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan(SWPPP).In 1997,the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed revisions to the 1992 general permit to clarify that all construction activity, including small construction sites that are part of a larger common plan (e.g.,sites under five acres),would be eligible for coverage under the revised permit.The SWRCB has not yet developed a revised State permit that reflects the revised EPA requirements. Any project developed under the General Plan that is over five acres would be subject to permit requirements. The aforementioned General Plan policies coupled with required compliance with State and Federal regulations for the protection of surface water and groundwater resources would minimize the long-and short-term impacts associated with construction and operation. Therefore,this impact is considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 7.2 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 9 of the General Plan Background Report describes existing agricultural resources in Redding. These existing conditions are summarized below. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environme,.. The types of soils in the urban area vary widely,with few areas having the soil characteristics which lend themselves to successful agricultural use. Information on soils is limited primarily to the soil maps prepared by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and the California Department of Conservation (CDC) Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program. The SCS classification system organizes soils into eight major capability classes designated by Roman numerals I through VIII. These classes distinguish soils with limitations, and determine soil suitability. The CDC's Important Farmland Series Mapping and Monitoring Program designates important farmlands in California based on SCS soil surveys and available land use data. CDC's system classifies land into eight categories: Prime Farmland; Farmland of Statewide Importance; Unique Farmland; Farmland of Local Importance; Grazing Land; and Urban Land, Other Land, and Land Committed to Incompatible Uses. Prime agricultural soils within the urban area can be found in Churn Creek bottom,undeveloped lands in the Cascade (Bonnyview) area and in pockets of land along Stillwater Creek in the vicinity of Shasta College. Figure 7-2 illustrates farmlands utilizing the CDC's Important Farmland Mapping Program. Table 7-1 uses the same information but summarizes the soil categories by acres within the urban area. TABLE 7-1 IMPORTANT FARMLANDS Redding Urban Area Mapping Category Acres %of Urban Area Agricultural Land Prime farmland 5,019 7.1% Farmland of statewide importance 396 0.5% Farmland of local importance 1,524 2.2% Grazing land 10,104 14.4% Total Agricultural Land 17,043 24.2% Urban Built-Up Land 19,570 27.8% Other Land 32,334 46.0% Water Area 1,422 2.0% Total Urban Area 70,400 100.0% Source: California Department of Conservation,Shasta County Important Farmland, 1992. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to evaluate impacts to agricultural resources expected to occur under the General Plan Diagram. Impacts were assessed qualitatively based on information provided in the General Plan Background Report and the General Plan Diagram. Assumptions • This analysis relies on the CDC's classifications of important farmlands. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-8 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM h Pyt0-1 is 0 O w .a I r if,P.c %. J, , OUART2 Hitt m % SHASTA ,� DAM GZ 7 Z ®COLLEGE SR 299 iS �`r CO�LYER _ ,, ) ,../z. o 0 B ON ,F� Z % 0SR 299 w tl ':y t<• 'OLD ALT RAS / < 4111 11 illifif,r ;i:kw)11111"111 '0 VitS *)41tiora K Iii NRPAR „6- • 1 HARTNELL IIII 4./1 eGs h Ai& ` sR 44 �. NI' /.//.lLA_ ■_w , .. z NE F I teti 37.... yi I %.�` / RANCHO ii �'J $ p 'iA °''i / REDOING II / � a I MUNICIPA ', l AIRPORT j CLEAR CREEK ' t`.. �� 1% ' %. i'j • ��•,/•� •ERSCH ® PRIME FARMLAND ��-~� S vs S7 O �^ ZS D:\GP\FIG-7-2 DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: dipCALIFORNIA DEPT. OF CONSERVATION FIGURE 7-2 FARMLAND MAPPING AND PRIME FARMLAND MONITORING PROGRAM Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-9 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environmenr Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, impacts on agricultural resources are deemed significant if they would: convert prime farmland to nonagricultural land uses; impair agricultural productivity or create the potential for conflict with ongoing agricultural operations on private farmland; substantially reduce the total amount of agricultural land in the region; or result in cancellation of Williamson Act contracts. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM The urban area contains 5,019 acres of prime farmland, or 7.1 percent of the total area. Within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas, that figure is reduced to 1,300 acres. Development proposed under the General Plan would result in the conversion of agricultural land for urban uses. The quality of the soils vary by the location within the urban area,and prime farmland is located primarily along the eastern boundary, and in the southeastern portion of the urban area. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE Implementation of the following policies would promote the economic viability of agriculture in areas suited for agricultural use: NA 1.Protect existing prime agricultural soils outside the primary and secondary growth areas and freeway interchange areas with lot sizes(five acres and larger)capable of supporting agricultural operations. NR15B. Discourage the cancellation of Williamson Act contracts until it is demonstrated that the lands with such contracts will be needed for urban development in the immediate future. NR 15C.Establish performance criteria to minimize impacts of urban development near existing income-producing agricultural lands on agricultural practices and reduce conflicts between urban and agricultural uses. IMPACTS Important farmlands comprise 24.2 percent of the urban area, of which 7.1 percent is considered to be prime farmland. Within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas,prime farmland(outside"Greenway" areas) amounts to 1,300 acres. The total amount of land previously developed within the urban area is 27.8 percent. New development would occur on land designated as prime farmland located primarily along the eastern boundary and in the southeastern part of the urban area. It is assumed that all 1,300 acres would be impacted by urbanization. General Plan Policies NR 14A through NR 14C would promote the economic viability of agriculture in areas suited for agricultural use. Implementation of these policies would encourage the preservation of existing prime agricultural soils outside the City's growth areas by limiting five-acre and larger lot sized development on prime soils, discouraging the cancellation of Williamson Act contracts,and ensuring that new urban development would be compatible with existing agricultural practices. However, any loss of prime farmland is considered to be a significant impact. MITIGATION MEASURES The direct and potential conversion of prime farmland is considered a significant and unavoidable impact. There are no mitigation measures beyond the General Plan Policies NR 14A through NR 14C available to reduce the loss to a less-than-significant impact. Therefore, the impact would remain significant and unavoidable. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-10 April 19, 2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment 7.3 WILDLIFE HABITAT This section describes the potential impacts on biological resources resulting from development under the General Plan. Specifically, this section focuses on how development and associated population growth will impact vegetation,wildlife resources, and natural habitats in the urban area. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Chapter 9 of the General Plan Background Report provides a generalized description of the vegetation and wildlife resources found in the urban area. Included are descriptions of local habitat types (Wildlife Habitat Relationship(WHR)classifications),common species,special-status species,and sensitive habitats. Eight WHR classifications were identified within the urban area:irrigated agriculture,urban vegetation, blue oak-foothill pine woodland, annual grassland, mixed chaparral, valley foothill riparian, aquatic communities,and vernal pools. Figure 7-3 shows the distribution of habitat types within the urban area. The blue oak-foothill pine habitat is the predominant habitat type,representing approximately 52 percent of the urban area. The following are descriptions of these habitats and their typical wildlife associates in the urban area. Irrigated Agriculture and Urban Vegetation This classification represents a composite of the Cropland, Orchard-Vineyard, and Pasture WHR classifications. It also includes an urban vegetation component consistent with the "Urban" WHR classification. Together,these habitat types represent approximately 12 percent of the urban area. Irrigated Agriculture Because these habitats are intensively cultivated, wildlife usage is limited generally to foraging and wintering uses. Species present in agricultural lands vary with the crop type and season. Relatively few reptile and amphibious species are found,due in part to such practices as plowing. Bird species common in the agricultural areas of the urban area include the Red-winged Blackbird, American Crow, and Mourning Dove. The fields can also support a number of mammalian species,including the black-tailed jackrabbit, California ground squirrel, and house mouse. Urban Vegetation The urban vegetation component includes landscape strips along transportation corridors,residential and commercial landscape, golf courses, and parks. Expected wildlife usage includes species which readily adapt to non-native vegetation and tolerate regular disturbance. Such wildlife include the Northern Mockingbird, American Robin, Scrub Jay, European Starling, gray squirrel, and California ground squirrel. Other wildlife expected to occur in these habitats include the raccoon, opossum, Pacific tree frog, and western toad. Unvegetated Areas Within the urban area are several areas essentially void of vegetation. Such sites may be highways,streets, parking lots,tennis courts,buildings,and graded areas. In most cases,this classification depicts Redding's existing urbanized areas. Unvegetated areas, however, may not always be associated with urbanization and may include mining tailings, barren rocky areas, or plowed, but unplanted agricultural fields. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-11 April 19,2000 vq o 00. ° "04 0 0 ,,,,i' / 6 o4,..... ...4(... ,:i or G�O� J�iii .\ C ° SR 299 E ;it_ d 4.y ).4, Quv7; '4' line 4r1;111:---1----" w ii Nik IA'/<< w Ni16.*i I I I At Mae Ill Pia"! -42 — . l'w -__ Ai itr- A , SR 299 W "'�,:^ * -:1�_��.�Q�J °LD 111‘ 13 likR ' ts• 1114 Ow ,A ?f-,„t fS 1 FA Irs i Oil. te tiviitti, IliwYais . I, 1I 4 u '1 � • eLsR N 0 - --.,.... A?" ef ' \ 4-', ,r � .1A;111411 ° SEER o ii \ °•I% idly . : . V S. ° off/ o \y lJ u A � u� 1 LJ �' u u t o ,.. .. CLEAR CREEK wow 'r / - . �N. Jaime \ O LEGEND \ lilk 0=BLUE OAK-GREY PINE WOODLAND \\ DERSCM G=ANNUAL GRASS \ ° -4111111k CD C=MIXED CHAPARRAL IA R=VALLEY FOOTHILL RIPARIAN \ 0 U=IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE,URBAN VEGETATION,UNVEGETATED AREAS \f, 1 D:\GP\FIG7-3 \ DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: • itHUMBOLDT STATE UNIVERSITY FIGURE 7-3 CALIF. DEPT. OF FISH AND GAME PLANNING AREA HABITAT TYPES AND LOCATIONS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-12 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Woodland Communities (Blue Oak -Foothill Pine) Woodland communities are generally characterized by moderately spaced stands of oak trees with an understory of grasses or shrubs. Woodlands in the urban area include blue oak woodland and blue oak- foothill pine woodland(WHR types)and the valley oak woodland associated with riparian habitats. Oak woodlands provide important habitat for wildlife because they are structurally complex and diverse,and they produce acorns which are used by approximately 15 percent of all wildlife species in California (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection). Common species of wildlife in woodlands include California Quail,Band-tailed Pigeons,Scrub Jay,Acorn Woodpeckers,Yellow-billed Magpie,Wild Turkey, California ground squirrel,western gray squirrel, skunk, and gray fox. The blue oak-foothill pine habitat is the predominant woodland habitat in the urban area. This habitat is typically diverse in structure with a mix of hardwoods,conifers, and shrubs. In the Redding area,the conifers are usually foothill pine, and the shrubs vary but are often dominated by manzanita. When the oak canopy closure is less than 10 percent,the habitat is classified as annual grassland.This habitat occurs in varying size and canopy closure classes, depending on the size of the oak's trunks and the amount of land covered by the canopies of the trees. Many wildlife species prefer and, in some cases, even require specific size and cover classes of WHR habitats. This broadly classified habitat type represents approximately 52 percent of the urban area. Special-status plant species associated with blue oak woodland include the adobe lily,Ahart's paronychia, and Fremont's calycadenia. Special-status bird species known to frequent this habitat type include the Cooper's Hawk(Accipiter cooperi)and Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus). Special-status mammal species that are likely to use blue oak woodlands include the Townsend's big-eared bat and pallid bat. Although blue oak woodlands are valuable as wildlife habitat,they are not currently protected by city, county, or State laws,ordinances,or codes. Habitat value is the lowest for disturbed woodlands such as those adjacent to urban development. In general, blue oak-foothill pine woodlands are moderately- valuable as wildlife habitat. Much of the oak woodland habitat within the urban area has been lost to urbanization, although significant areas remain, particularly in the western part of the urban area. This type represents more than one-half of the habitat within the urban area; and while much has been lost,the remaining areas are of moderately high value. Several large, undisturbed areas remain and provide suitable habitat for a variety of wildlife. All seral stages and canopy closure classes described by the Wildlife Habitat Relations system occur within the urban area. Some woodland areas have been degraded by extensive livestock grazing that reduces both shrub and herbaceous layers and may inhibit the survival of oak seedlings, resulting in a monotypic woodland-grass area with little structural diversity. Areas having these conditions have limited value to wildlife, and species diversity is relatively low. Grassland Communities (Annual Grassland) Grasslands with native perennial bunch grasses were once common in the Central Valley of California. This habitat, however, has largely been converted to agriculture or urban land uses. Where grassland communities in the urban area still exist, the native grasses are now dominated by annual species introduced by early European explorers and settlers. Oaks and shrubs are few,with tree canopies having a closure of less than 10 percent. Like the tree and shrub-dominated WHR habitats, annual grasslands have a height and cover class based on the percent of ground that is covered by vegetation. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Common plants in grasslands include wild oats, ripgut brome, California poppy, lysines, and clovers. Common wildlife species include the California ground squirrel,Botta's pocket gopher,Mourning Dove, and Western Meadowlark. The annual grassland WHR type occupies approximately nine percent of the urban area. Non-native grassland provides habitat for a number of special-status plant species,including the adobe lily, Henderson's bent grass, Ahart's paronychia, and bent-flowered fiddleneck. Several special-status bird species that are associated with the grassland habitats of the urban area include the Swainson's Hawk, Burrowing Owl, Short-eared Owl,Northern Harrier, and Ferruginous Hawk. Special-status mammals associated with non-native annual grassland habitat include the badger. Non-native grasslands in the urban area are generally disturbed,support a low diversity of native plants, and can be expected to have few special-status species occurrences. Therefore,valley floor grasslands often have low biological value, except where the grasslands are also associated with wetlands (see below) or complement the diversity of woodland areas. Chaparral and Shrub Communities (Mixed Chaparral) This is a shrub-dominated habitat that has less than 10 percent oak canopy and consists of several brush species. The most common shrubs are green-leaf manzanita,buck brush,and shrubby forms of live oak. This type,like the others,has both size and cover classifications that are important factors in determining wildlife species occurrence and overall habitat value. Approximately three percent of the urban area is classified as mixed chaparral. This habitat type is usually in late seral stages due primarily to fire suppression. Such areas often consist of mature, decadent shrubs in dense stands, providing cover for some wildlife species but little forage. Special-status species found in this habitat type include adobe lily and Red Bluff dwarf rush. Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities such as rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes occur in virtually every previously described community. These aquatic communities provide important wildlife habitat and serve industrial, agricultural,domestic,and recreation users. Because of their widespread distribution and relatively small individual extent, smaller streams, ponds, and wetlands are not comprehensively mapped in Figures 9-5 and 9-6 of the General Plan Background Report. Almost 1,500 acres of this type of community is present within the urban area. Rivers and Streams(Riverine) The habitat components of rivers and streams include open water and the bottom substrate. Open water provides resting habitat for waterfowl and habitat for floating insects which provide prey for amphibians, fish,and birds. Bottom substrate provides habitat for numerous aquatic invertebrate species,amphibians, and bottom-dwelling fish. Ponds and Lakes(Lacustrine) Ponds and lakes are inland bodies of water that can vary from small ponds to large lakes. Within the urban area,this habitat type is principally confined to small ponds. These habitats may contain algae and vegetation such as duckweed or pondweed. These habitats provide important habitat for fish-eating birds, Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment such as Ospreys,Western Grebes,and Belted Kingfishers, and resting and feeding habitat for waterfowl. Open water habitats are expected to be used by the western pond turtle,a California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) Species of Special Concern. WILDLIFE SPECIES The California Wildlife Habitat Relationship program indicates that up to 299 species of wildlife could occur within the urban area. This list is generated by combining the various habitats discussed above and assuming that all the size and cover classes exist throughout the urban area. These species are grouped by taxonomic class with 11 species of amphibians expected, 60 species of mammals,211 species of birds and 17 species of reptiles. Appendix 9-A of the General Plan Background Report contains a complete listing of these species. WHR lists tend to be inclusive and list species based only on habitat requirements. Many species require relatively large areas of specific habitats and may not occur in areas where only small remnant patches of preferred vegetation remain. In addition,some species may be intolerant of high levels of human activity and/or disturbance;and even though the required habitats exist,their occurrence is precluded in disturbed urban environments. SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES/SENSITIVE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The urban area is known to contain a number of special-status plants,animals,natural communities,and sensitive habitats. This section focuses on biological resources considered sensitive as well as those regulated by government resource agencies. In addition to the species list generated by the WHR program, a query of the CDFG Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) was conducted to investigate additional species that have occurred or have the potential to occur in the urban area. Potential occurrences are based on typical habitat associations. Special-Status Plants and Animals For the purposes of this report, special-status species include (1) species that are listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered under the State or Federal Endangered Species Acts; (2) species that are listed as candidate species(FC)by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS);(3)species that are listed as candidate-endangered or candidate-threatened under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA); (4) species that meet the definition of rare or endangered under the California Environmental Quality Act(CEQA);(5)species listed as Species of Special Concern by CDFG(CSC)or by the USFWS- FSC; and(6) plant taxa shown on lists 1B and 2 of the California Native Plant Society. Table 9-3 of the General Plan Background Report list special-status classifications and species known to occur within the urban area and their respective habitats. Many of these species are already protected by law. State and Federally-listed Threatened and Endangered species are protected under the California and Federal Endangered Species Acts, respectively. Activities that will result in a "take" of these species or their habitat are regulated by CDFG and USFWS. Federal candidate species and California "Species of Special Concern" have no statutory protection, but may receive special attention during the environmental review process. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-15 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Sensitive Habitats Habitats or plant communities that are unique, of relatively limited distribution, or of particular value to wildlife may be given special recognition by Federal, State, or local conservation agencies and organizations. These habitats are also subject to protective regulations by State and Federal agencies. Jurisdictional Wetlands Wetland protection has become an increasingly important issue to both State and Federal agencies. Wetland habitats have been diminished by an estimated 90 percent statewide and nationally. Conversion to agricultural and urban uses continues to eliminate wetlands at an alarming rate. While many wetland habitats remain within the urban area,this region has also experienced recent losses. These habitats are subject to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and,in some cases,Section 1600 of the Fish and Game Code of California. Wetlands may be defined as habitats in which intermittently or permanently saturated soils support hydrophytic vegetation. The physical appearance of wetlands varies considerably,but generally includes streams, ponds, marshes, riparian woodlands, and vernal pools, as well as most other seasonal and permanently saturated habitats. Wetlands considered as "waters of the United States" are subject to regulatory requirements imposed by the Army Corps of Engineers,pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. In many instances,Section 15065 of the California Environmental Quality Act(CEQA)also provides additional legal protection for wetlands. The location of wetlands in the urban area has not been comprehensively mapped. A determination of the existence of wetlands is made at the time of environmental review of discretionary projects; and if wetlands are present, a delineation of the resource is required. If wetlands are proposed to be disturbed, a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit is required, and appropriate mitigation measures are imposed. Anadromous Fish Habitat The Sacramento River and several of its tributary streams within the urban area provide spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous fish. These tributary streams include the lower reaches of Clear Creek, Olney Creek, Churn Creek, and Sulphur Creek. Vernal Pools Vernal pools are seasonal wetlands unique to California's grasslands and oak savannas. These small basins have an impervious rock or clay layer that collect water from storms; they gradually dry out by evaporation as the weather becomes warmer in the spring. Throughout California, vernal pools have been degraded or lost through a combination of agriculture, urban development, water projects, and grazing. Several types of vernal pools have been identified in California, reflecting the State's diverse climate, topography, soil, and vegetative characteristics. Northern hardpan vernal pools (associated with the Redding and Red Bluff soil series) are the type of vernal pools in the urban area. These wetlands occur in annual grasslands,principally in the southeast portion of the urban area. The pools range in size from small isolated basins to large vernal pool complexes covering several acres. Figure 9-7 of the General Plan Background Report illustrates the major vernal pool complexes in the urban area. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-16 April 19, 2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Northern hardpan vernal pools develop on old, hardpan soils. These pools contain diverse annual wildflowers and grasses. Several species have evolved life cycles dependent on vernal pools, including several species of popcorn flowers,two-horned downingia,Fremont's goldfields,woolly marbles,coyote thistle, vernal pool foxtail, and white-flowered navarettia. Vernal pools provide habitat for rare endemic invertebrates as well as water beetles and other insects that serve as food for amphibians and waterfowl. They also provide important breeding habitat for toads, western spadefoot, and resting habitat for mallards and other water fowl. CDFG estimates that 90 percent of the vernal pool habitat statewide has been destroyed. Locally,CDFG estimates that a high percentage of the historically occurring vernal pools within the urban area have been lost or significantly degraded due to a combination of development,draining,grazing,and off-road vehicle use. For instance, examination of aerial photographs for a 150-acre area near the Redding Municipal Airport showed that 62 percent of the pool complexes were lost, and 37 percent were degraded over the period 1952 to 1992. Within the urban area, vernal pools provide suitable habitat for several special-status plants, including slender orcutt grass, Hoover's spurge, and Red Bluff dwarf rush. Vernal pools in the urban area also support two invertebrate species listed as endangered and threatened—the vernal pool tadpole shrimp (endangered)and the vernal pool fairy shrimp(threatened). The western spadefoot toad,a CDFG Species of Special Concern, may also occur in vernal pools. Where vernal pools support State or Federally-listed species, these habitats are subject to the State or Federal Endangered Species Act and/or California Native Plant Protection Act. Riparian Communities Riparian communities are generally present along watercourses and are one of the most important wildlife habitats in California. Riparian vegetation has received considerable attention during the last two decades. An awareness of this habitat's scarcity and special management needs fostered the development of public laws and policies that recognize the significance of riparian resources. Statewide concern for wetlands, including riparian vegetation, prompted the California legislature to require CDFG to prepare a report documenting methods that could be used to increase by 50 percent the area of State wetlands by 2000 (Senate Resolution 28,Resolution Chapter 92, September 13, 1979). CDFG promotes the protection of riparian vegetation on projects it proposes or reviews. In addition, the USFWS mitigation policy (1981) includes riparian habitats in Resource Category 1; a category requiring the most stringent mitigation for which no net loss of existing habitat value is recommended. The General Plan considers the valley foothill riparian,aquatic communities,vernal pools,and wetlands to be sensitive habitats requiring special consideration when development encroaches within or in proximity to these habitats. Riparian habitats warrant special consideration because: • Few examples are remaining,and these are under pressure for vegetation conversion. (Because of their rarity and continued threats of further elimination, the Natural Diversity Data Base [CNDDB] monitors riparian habitats.) Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-17 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment • A large number of plant and animal species are dependent on them. • They help maintain water quality by filtering out pollutants and protect riverine habitats by forming a buffer between the river and developed uplands. • Riparian vegetation helps stabilize riverbanks and reduce the of flood severity. The diverse plants in the valley foothill riparian forest result in diverse wildlife that are present in this habitat. This habitat provides escape cover, forage,and nesting cover for a variety of wildlife,including Bewick's Wren, Bushtit, Red-shouldered Hawk, Wood Duck, Great Blue Heron, and Black-crowned Night Heron. Mammals that occupy this habitat include ringtail, striped skunk, raccoon, long-tailed weasel, and gray fox. These riparian habitats also provide travel corridors for wildlife. The urban area has significant stands of Sacramento River riparian vegetation providing habitat for over 250 wildlife species. As many as 50 species require riparian areas for survival. Statewide, only five percent of the historical acreage of river riparian vegetation remains. Valley Foothill Riparian Dominant tree species are Fremont's cottonwood,California sycamore,and valley oak. The understory typically consists of a shrub and herbaceous layer. Common shrubs include wild rose, California blackberry, blue elderberry, poison oak, and willows. The herbaceous layer consists of sedges, rushes, grasses, miner's lettuce, and hoary nettle. Within the urban area, approximately 3,320 acres (five percent of the urban area) of riparian vegetation is present. Riparian habitat throughout the urban area has been substantially degraded by conversion to agricultural activities and urban development. While the historical acreage of riparian vegetation within the area is not known, estimates have been made that more than 95 percent of the riparian habitat within the Sacramento River valley has been destroyed. The loss of extensive habitat blocks results in a value degradation to many wildlife species which require large continuous patches of undisturbed riparian vegetation. However,remaining remnant patches and the narrow habitat strips still have considerable value and require protection from further loss or degradation. Remaining large blocks of habitat such as the one occurring on the river at Turtle Bay provide ideal habitat for a wide variety of birds,mammals,reptiles,and amphibians. Riparian vegetation, even in narrow strips less than 50 feet,provides critical shade that helps reduce water temperatures in the river as well as along tributaries. These strips help reduce erosion along stream banks, filter nonpoint source pollution,and replenish nutrients to the aquatic ecosystem in the form of invertebrates and other organic material. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to evaluate impacts on the wildlife habitat within the urban area resulting from development under the General Plan. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7.18 April 19, 2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Assumptions For the purposes of this analysis, several assumptions have been made about the types of future development expected to occur in the Redding urban area and the effects of such growth on the area's biological resources. • Impacts on wildlife species are assumed to be directly correlated with the loss or disturbance of the plants,habitats,and aquatic communities that provide their primary habitat. The conversion of these communities to residential, commercial,industrial or other types of development would,therefore, result in impacts on associated wildlife species. • Urban development is assumed to eliminate most naturally occurring vegetation and habitats in the city,unless they fall within a Greenway classification (Greenway includes all floodplains and slope areas over 20 percent),within undevelopable land,or are otherwise protected by local,State,and/or Federal regulations and policies. Vegetation removal is assumed to result in displacement of associated wildlife species. • Policies for guiding development and mitigating its impacts on biological resources in Redding as outlined in the General Plan are assumed to be general guidelines and mitigation measures. Focused impact analyses and mitigation measures would, therefore, need to be formulated as specific development plans are proposed. Thresholds of Significance In accordance with agency and professional standards, a project's effects on the biotic resources is considered significant if the project would: 1. Affect a rare, endangered, or otherwise protected species of animal or plant or the habitat of the species. 2. Interfere with the movement of any resident or migratory fish and wildlife species. 3. Substantially diminish habitat for wildlife or plants. 4. Affect significant wetlands or other sensitive wildlife habitat. 5. Conflict with legally established policies or regulations. For the purposes of this EIR, an impact on biological resources is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would trigger one or more of the above significance thresholds. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN FOCUS AREA DEVELOPMENT Downtown Focus Area The downtown focus area north of Lincoln Street,east of Court Street,west of Continental Street,and south of the Sacramento River contains urban vegetation,unvegetated areas,and valley foothill riparian vegetation. The first two of these areas are habitat for common wildlife species such as Brewer's Blackbird, House Finch, Northern Mockingbird, and Western Gray Squirrel. Valley foothill riparian habitat provides habitat for wildlife such as Red-shouldered Hawk, Great Blue Heron, Black-crowned Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-19 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Night Heron,Yellow Warbler,Ringtail,Long-tailed Weasel,and Gray Fox. Gravel areas along tributaries of the Sacramento River support silky cryptantha,while the river provides habitat for winter and spring run chinook salmon. New development along the Sacramento River within the focus area would not result in the removal or degradation of valley foothill riparian habitat and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife due to its considerable elevation above the river and the fact that any development would replace existing development. North Market Street Focus Area The North Market Street focus area north of the Sacramento River along Interstate 5 contains a mix of blue oak-foothill pine woodland,valley foothill riparian,wetlands,irrigated agriculture,urban vegetation, and unvegetated areas. The blue oak-foothill pine woodland is habitat for special-status species such as Cooper's Hawk, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Townsend's Big-eared Bat, and Pallid Bat. In addition to the species discussed above, valley foothill riparian habitat in this area may support the Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle, a Federally-threatened species. Riverine habitats in this area may also support winter and spring run chinook salmon. Common wildlife species mentioned above are also expected to be found in this area. Development in this area,such as construction of new visitor-serving buildings or multi-use trails along Sulphur Creek, could result in removal or degradation of blue oak-foothill pine woodland, riparian habitat, wetlands, urban vegetation, and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Park Marina Focus Area The Park Marina focus area along the Sacramento River, north and south of SR 299W, east of Park Marina Drive,and west of Interstate 5 contains a mix of valley foothill riparian habitat,wetlands,irrigated agriculture,urban vegetation,and unvegetated areas. In addition to the species discussed in the downtown focus area, valley foothill riparian habitat in this area may also provide habitat for the Bank Swallow, a state-threatened species. Riverine habitats in this area may also support winter and spring run chinook salmon. Common wildlife species mentioned above in the downtown focus area are also expected to be found in this area.Development in this area,such as the planned activities at the Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum,could result in the removal or degradation of valley foothill riparian habitat,wetlands,urban vegetation, irrigated agriculture, and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Magnolia Neighborhood Focus Area The Magnolia Neighborhood focus area,south of Eureka Way,east of Almond Avenue,west of Chestnut Street,and north of Gold Street,contains urban vegetation and unvegetated areas. These areas are habitat for the common wildlife species mentioned above in the downtown focus area. Development in this area, such as construction or rebuilding of multi-family structures,could result in removal of urban vegetation and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Stillwater Creek/Old Oregon Trail Focus Area The Stillwater Creek focus area along Stillwater Creek from Oasis Road south to the Redding Municipal Airport contains a mixture of blue oak-foothill pine woodland,annual grassland,mixed chaparral,valley foothill riparian, vernal pools, wetlands, irrigated agriculture, urban vegetation, and unvegetated areas. The annual grassland provides habitat for special-status plant species including the Adobe Lily, Henderson's bent grass,Ahart's paronychia,and bent-flowered fiddleneck. Grassland special-status animal species include the Golden Eagle, Swainson's Hawk, Burrowing Owl, Short-eared Owl, Northern Harrier,Ferruginous Hawk, Greater Sandhill Crane, and Badger. Mixed chaparral provides habitat for special-status species such as Adobe Lily and Red Bluff dwarf rush. In addition to the species mentioned Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-20 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment above, valley foothill riparian habitat in this area may provide habitat for the Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, a state-endangered species, and the California Red-legged Frog, a Federally-threatened species. The blue oak-foothill pine woodlands and valley foothill riparian habitat in this area may also provide habitat for the American Peregrine Falcon and Bald Eagle. Vernal pools in the area provide habitat for special-status species such as slender orcutt grass, Hoover's spurge, Red Bluff dwarf rush, western spadefoot toad,vernal pool tadpole shrimp, and the vernal pool fairy shrimp. Common wildlife species mentioned above in the downtown focus area are also expected to be found in this area.Development in this area, such as construction of retail services near the community college, and construction of an industrial park east of the municipal airport, could result in the removal or degradation of blue oak- foothill pine woodland, grassland communities, mixed chaparral, riparian vegetation, vernal pools, wetlands,irrigated agriculture, urban vegetation, and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Clover Creek Focus Area The Clover Creek focus area along Clover Creek from Highway 44 south to the Sacramento River contains a mixture of blue oak-foothill pine woodland, annual grassland,valley foothill riparian, vernal pools, wetlands, irrigated agriculture, urban vegetation, and unvegetated areas. The species mentioned above for all of these habitat types could also be found in this area. In addition,the wetlands in this area could provide habitat for the western pond turtle. Development in this area, such as residential development, could result in the removal or degradation of blue oak-foothill pine woodland, grassland communities, riparian vegetation, vernal pools, wetlands, irrigated agriculture, urban vegetation, and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Victor Avenue Focus Area The Victor Avenue focus area along Victor Avenue between Mistletoe Lane and Hartnell contains a mixture of blue oak-foothill pine woodland, urban vegetation, and unvegetated areas. The species mentioned above for these habitat types could also be found in this area. Development in this area,such as the potential Victor Avenue street widening and realignment, could result in the removal or degradation of blue oak-foothill pine woodland,irrigated agriculture,urban vegetation,and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Shasta View Drive Focus Area The Shasta View Drive focus area along Shasta View Drive between Goodwater Avenue and Hartnell Avenue contains urban vegetation,and unvegetated areas. The common wildlife species mentioned above in the downtown focus area are also expected to be found in this area.Development in this area,such as the potential widening of Shasta View Drive and construction of a frontage road, could result in the removal of urban vegetation, and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Oasis Road Focus Area The Oasis Road focus area, east of SPRR, west of Interstate 5, north of Oasis Road, and south of the northern boundary of the urban area, contains a mixture of blue oak-foothill pine woodland, valley- foothill riparian, wetlands, urban vegetation, and unvegetated areas. The species mentioned above for these habitat types could also be found in this area. Development in this area, such as commercial and residential development and construction of multi-use trails along Buckeye Creek,Newtown Creek,and Churn Creek, could result in the removal or degradation of blue oak-foothill pine woodland, valley- foothill riparian habitat, wetlands, urban vegetation, and displacement or destruction of associated wildlife. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-21 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan includes the following policies concerning biological resources: Fish and Wildlife Habitat NR5A. Minimize the disruption of sensitive habitat caused by new development by encouraging innovative design and site planning and establishing performance standards for habitat protection. NR5B. Work to preserve and enhance fisheries in the Sacramento River and those streams or stream segments identified on Figure 3-2. NR5C. Maintain and update data and information regarding areas of significant biological value within the Planning Area to: • Provide critical information to the community. • Facilitate resource conservation. • Facilitate appropriate management of development activities. Special-Status Species, Creek Corridors,Riparian Areas, Vernal Pools,and Wetlands NR6A. Preserve watercourses,vernal pools,riparian habitat,and wetlands in their natural state unless preservation is determined to be infeasible. Fully mitigate unavoidable adverse impacts such as wetland filling or disturbance. NR6B. Provide adequate buffering of sensitive habitats whenever necessary. Buffer size should be based upon the type of habitat as well as its size and habitat value. NR6C Ensure that uses allowed within riparian corridors: • Minimize the creation of erosion,sedimentation,and increased runoff 1. Emphasize retention and enhancement of natural riparian vegetation. • Provide for unimpaired passage of fish and wildlife. • Avoid activities or development of new features that result in disturbance or dispersal of wildlife. • Avoid channelization. • Avoid substantial interference with surface and subsurface flows. • Incorporate natural vegetation buffers. NR6D. Amend the Municipal Code to implement minimum river and creek corridor development setbacks(buffer areas)in accordance with Figure 3-3. These setbacks may be modified based on project/resource-specific circumstances and appropriate mitigation. These buffer areas should be dedicated or a permanent conservation easement granted to the City as a condition of development approval. NR6E. Strive to conserve all "special status species"within the Planning Area. Ensure implementation of statutory protection for these species. NR6F. Support public and private efforts to establish habitat mitigation banks, habitat conservation plans, conservation easements,and other mechanisms that serve to protect sensitive habitats and species. Aesthetic and Biological Values of Native Habitat NR7A. Promote existing native oaks,especially valley oaks,by establishing standards for the design of development projects. The preservation of stands of trees within developments is preferred over preservation of individual trees,with the exception of special-status species and heritage trees. NR7B. Identify and establish appropriate "tree mitigation areas"to be used for the planting of native trees in concert with development project mitigation. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-22 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment Habitat Linkages and Migratory Corridors NR8A. Maintain, where possible,the habitat linkages/wildlife corridors and sensitive habitats that are created by the open-space("Greenway') network established by this General Plan. Require development in areas depicted as "Greenway"on the General Plan Diagram to consider corridor impacts and,where necessary, provide alternate usable links between habitat types or areas and/or provide alternate development plans that avoid the open-space network and sensitive habitats. NR8B. Maintain and preserve other natural habitat linkages and wildlife corridors in the City where feasible. Discourage development impacts to these linkages and corridors and fully mitigate associated unavoidable adverse impacts. Habitat Preservation,Restoration,and Enhancement NR9A. Encourage the acquisition,preservation,restoration,and enhancement of native vegetation with a focus on wetlands and riparian habitat that will improve the biological value and integrity of the City's natural resources. Encourage native landscape in unvegetated, manmade areas such as along streets and in abandoned lots. NR9B. Encourage education and community involvement in the protection and enhancement of local biological resources. CDD4A. Preserve significant trees and other vegetation along the banks of the Sacramento River,while emphasizing passive recreation and providing opportunities for active uses. CDD4B. Continue acquisition of key lands along the river and the other area waterways to provide passive, nonmotorized public access and to preserve important ecological values and sensitive habitats. This may be accomplished by a combination of public and private land purchases,donations,dedications,granting of public easements, the use of life estates,and similar mechanisms. Open Space for the Preservation of Valuable Habitat and Recreational Opportunities NRJOA. Require as a condition of development approval public dedication(in fee)offlood pronelandsadjacenttothe Sacramento River and those tributary streams identified on Figure 3-3. Exceptions to this policy may be made based on: (1)the provisions of any adopted specific plan or(2)approval by the City in consideration of special circumstances unique to a flood prone area where the extent of flooding is largely dictated by inadequate drainage improvements,where an entire parcel is constrained by floodplain,and/or where the flooding occurs within a developed area. NR 10B. Preserve land publicly dedicated under Policy NR 10A as open space. Development in these areas will be restricted to passive,low-impact uses that minimize removal of existing vegetation and maintain or increase the existing habitat value. Use public dedications and/or trail easements when necessary to connect these areas to existing or proposed public open space. NR 10C. Require, as a condition of development approval, that private open-space easements be established for significant areas of nondeveloped lands that exceed a slope of 20 percent. Use public dedications and/or trail easements when necessary to connect these areas to existing or proposed public open space. IMPACTS Development of vacant land under the General Plan would adversely affect fisheries and would eliminate a substantial amount of habitat for wildlife,including those which may support the special-status species listed in Table 9-3 of the General Plan Background Report. Specific impacts include loss of breeding and foraging habitat,degradation of wildlife habitat and fisheries through siltation and sedimentation,direct loss of species through construction activities, displacement of wildlife, and disturbance to wildlife breeding activities. Implementation of the General Plan would also result in adverse impacts to sensitive Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-23 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment habitats such as riparian woodland, vernal pools, aquatic habitats, and other wetlands and waters of the U.S. Table 7-2 shows the potential vegetation impacts of implementing the General Plan. The impacts on wildlife habitat from the General Plan are considered significant. TABLE 7-2 POTENTIAL VEGETATION IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN Habitat Type Total Acreage Disturbed Acreage Blue Oak/Foothill Pine 36,506 11,400 Chaparral 1,426 350 Grassland 3,020 1,950 Riparian 1,847 01 Vernal Pool 450 0 'Some incidental loss of riparian vegetation may occur during construction of utilities,bridges,and similar public improvements. Source:OP Associates,September 1998. MITIGATION MEASURES The General Plan contains policies to direct future development and minimize and/or mitigate for potential environmental impacts. These policies are highlighted above. Some of these policies are also illustrated in Figures 1-8, 1-10, 1-11, and 1-14 of the General Plan. For example, Figure 1-11 points out the need to minimize the use of channels or levees for flood control,develop a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)or similar plan for protection of vernal pools. Figure 1-8 calls for retaining and integrating natural features in the urban area. Policy NR6A establishes minimum development setbacks (buffers) from riparian vegetation. Several of the focus areas in the General Plan encourage aggressive tree planting and maintenance, and park development to create an integral natural setting in the city and to reinforce a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere. Landscape plantings should be avoided in existing natural habitats, however, except where non-native vegetation would be replaced with native vegetation. Potential project impacts to wildlife and sensitive wildlife habitat could necessitate agency consultation to assess the nature and extent of the potential impacts, to enforce legal requirements for guiding development and construction, and to impose appropriate mitigation plans. For example, potential impacts on nesting birds would be regulated by Fish and Game Code Sections 3503,3503.5,and 3513,and would require avoiding disturbance to and/or removal of nesting media. Potential project impacts associated with Federally and State listed species would require consultation with USFWS, pursuant to Sections 7 and 10 of the Federal Endangered Species Act, and with California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), pursuant to the California Endangered Species Act, as to the nature and extent of the potential impacts, take allotments, legal procedures, permitting, and species-specific mitigation requirements. Activities requiring placement of fill material in jurisdictional wetlands would be subject to regulations imposed by the Army Corps of Engineers,pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and would require mitigation to replace the area and value of wetland habitat lost. Impacts to streams and rivers in the urban area would require consultation with CDFG, and acquisition of a Streambed Alteration Agreement,pursuant to Fish and Game Code Sections 1601-1603,and an associated mitigation plan. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-24 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment The General Plan goals,policies, guidelines, and mitigation options,together with all other appropriate legal routes necessary for adherence to other applicable policies and regulations,would reduce impacts to a less-than-significant level and should adequately protect biological resources in the city of Redding. No additional feasible mitigation measures would be necessary in the General Plan. However,as the above policies and guidelines for establishing appropriate development protocol are generalized in nature, project-specific environmental review(impact assessments,mitigation measures,and alternatives)would need to be established as individual projects arise in order to fully protect the biological resources in the urban area. 7.4 MINERAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Detailed information about mineral resources is contained in Chapter 9 of the General Plan Background Report, and existing conditions are summarized below. Mineral extraction has been significant in the urban area. Gold was mined in extensive dredger operations in the Sacramento River and many of its tributary streams. The residual tailings,along with other gravel deposits,are now an important resource for sand and gravel mining. In compliance with the California Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA), aggregate mining operations are controlled by the City of Redding and Shasta County; yearly monitoring and approval, and review of reclamation plans are undertaken. Mineral deposits within the urban area consist of copper,gold,tungsten,and gravel. In addition,the area around the Redding Municipal Airport has gas-bearing strata. Figure 7-4 generally depicts mineral resource areas within the urban area. Existing Extractive Operations Current mineral extractive operations in the urban area consist solely of sand and gravel operations. The City of Redding and Shasta County have approved reclamation plans for six sand and gravel producers within the urban area. Generally,these operations are required to operate on "off-channel"basis in order to minimize environmental degradation. Due to the difficulty and expense of transporting sand and gravel materials,most of the aggregate extracted in the urban area is used in Shasta County and adjacent counties. Gravel mining operations are principally found in the Clear Creek drainage and utilize extensive tailings left over from past gold dredging activities. Commercial activity also occurs adjacent to the Sacramento River in the southern portion of the urban area. Mineral Land Classification Land classifications utilized in the report by the State Division of Mines and Geology are presented in the form of Mineral Resource Zones (MRZs). Each zone type relates to the degree of knowledge about a mineral resource occurrence and the economic characteristics of the deposits. MRZ-2a and 2b indicate that there are significant mineral resources, or areas where they are inferred. These designations can be found mostly in areas along the Sacramento River. The presence of existing incompatible development (i.e.,residential development)will preclude mineral extraction activities in most locations. Therefore,the City will focus its mineral resource-protection efforts on areas located along Clear Creek and the Sacramento River in the Churn Creek bottom. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-25 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM h P45 yr U kO s w4KER I. 9,,, / �'cy o ti ou,RTz If ' Hitt SHASTA ( DAM UNITY / COLMECES��0741,1 CO o 0 I�i�i' - OLD ALTURAS SR?9g W EUREKA .�F'#••i ���`►� lUM :.:. W ''Awytt4p -' ,Ire0RPARKt5_ o ,,9 Ar1 HARTNELL SR AA Iw til , r," •W 1� �/^ SS y I IF U ..1.4:, \ C9 tl Z ,- x v� 5 U 0 Qs I FJ EER " a RANCHO 8ST : ' Z S ANN b d w 0 —�1 2b111 . a ' .�/ j2a = a BEDDING � 1 v ' MRNICIPAL Iiiiik 2a ®I 2b I AIRPORT ..-ili 1It4Wa 2b 2a 1116. 2b 2b \b '' DERSCH LC 2b� 2� J '�` 4 PLAN AREA BOUNDARY �T1, o A J` D:\GP\MRZ JULY 1998 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: DIVISION OF RGURE 7-4 41t MINES AND GEOLOGY MINERAL LAND CLASSIRCATIONS WITHIN THE N.T.S. REDDING PLANNING AREA hJ l:,.a P.dl:.ilea....g Ct.—..el/11,- Dttvft FIR 7 2f 1pi'1S 2GCV; Chapter 7:Natural Environment METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to determine impacts to mineral resources. Assumptions • Significant deposits of minerals are identified in the urban area as MRZ-2a or 2b,as determined by the State Division of Mines and Geology. Thresholds of Significance Impacts associated with mineral resource extraction are deemed significant if development under the General Plan would result in: substantial conflicts between existing mineral extraction operations and newly urban or suburban land uses;substantial conflicts between new mineral extraction operations and existing urban or suburban land uses; or a substantial reduction of the availability of significant mineral deposits in the urban area. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM While significant mineral resources can be found numerous locations, only one location in the southwestern portion of the urban area is appropriate for mining activities due to potential land-use conflicts. Those location is the Clear Creek Corridor. Areas classified as MRZ-2a or 2b are designated for "Industrial" and "Open Space" (greenway) uses under the General Plan Diagram. The industrial designation is appropriate for the continuation of gravel mining and processing activities. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE Implementation of the following policies ensure an adequate supply of mineral resources to meet long- term regional needs, and to protect critical mineral resource areas from encroachment by incompatible land uses: NR 13A. Focus mineral resource protection efforts in areas identified with a "Critical Mineral Resource Overlay"on the General Plan Diagram. Remove the "Critical Mineral Resource Overlay"when the mineral resource is exhausted and reclamation completed. NR13B. Maintain current information regarding the status and location of mineral deposits within the Planning Area. NR13C. Prohibit incompatible development in or near areas designated "Critical Mineral Resource Overlay." Residential uses within overlay areas should be limited to 1.0 dwelling unit per 40 acres. NR 13D. Require a use permit to establish new mining operations. The use permit shall contain conditions necessary to protect the public health,safety,and welfare;to minimize impacts on adjacent land uses;and to mitigate other potential adverse environmental impacts. IMPACTS Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would occur in areas of significant mineral resources,classified as MRZ-2a or 2b.These classifications and existing sand and gravel mining operations are included within the Critical Mineral Resource Overlay.New development could result in the loss of significant mineral resources. However,the policies in the General Plan would protect these resources by ensuring that development would be compatible in or near the Critical Mineral Resource Overlay,and would focus on efforts to protect the area. Under Policy NR 13C, one unit per 40 acres in this overlay Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-27 April 19, 2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment zone is recommended. General Plan Policy NR13B requires that current information on the status and location of mineral resources are maintained. These policies would ensure that new development would not result in a substantial conflict between existing or new mineral extraction operations and newly urban or suburban land uses,or substantially reduce the availability of significant mineral deposits. Therefore, this impact is considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 7.5 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING This section reviews the potential effects of development permitted under the General Plan on Redding's historic and archaeological resources. Detailed background information on the historic and archeological resources can be found in Chapter 8 of the Background Report. Historic Resources Among Redding's historical resources are three buildings that have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These include the "old" City Hall on Market Street,the Pine Street School, and the Edward Frisbee House on East Street. California Historical Landmarks include No. 78, designating the site of the discovery of Gold by Major Pierson B.Reading in 1848,and No.519 marking Bells Bridge,and important toll bridge erected in 1851. Archaeological Resources The lands comprising the Redding urban area were primarily occupied by the Wintu dialect group of the Wintun tribe. The Wintu occupied the hills and valleys of the upper Sacramento River,the Trinity River, and the lower Pit and McCloud Rivers. Various archeological surveys and excavations in the area have found evidence that economic life for the Wintu was primarily hunter-gatherer, with hunting, fishing, and the collection of plant foods as the primary activities. Temporary camps were often established in the foothills and higher elevation zones and were occupied in the spring, summer, and fall. Permanent villages were often characterized by bark houses,with larger villages containing 12 to 15 or more houses and oftentimes an earth lodge. Many sites of known archeological resources have been recorded in the urban area, including National Register of Historic Places listing of the "Benton Tract" site along the Sacramento River, and the Olsen Petroglyphs, along Stillwater Creek. In addition to these important sites, records of the Northeast Information Center at California State University,Chico indicate a total of 183 recorded sites in the urban area. 144 of these sites are prehistoric; 39 are historic period/contact period sites. METHODOLOGY The analysis was conducted qualitatively by considering known and anticipated cultural resources and locations described in the Background Report in relation to the General Plan Diagram. Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines,impacts are considered significant if the General Plan would do any of the following: Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-28 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment • Disrupt or adversely affect a prehistoric or historic archaeological site determined to be an"important archaeological resource" as defined by Appendix K of the State CEQA Guidelines. • Disrupt or adversely affect a property of historic or cultural significance to a community or ethnic or social group. • Disrupt or adversely affect a paleontological site. • Disrupt or adversely affect a property that may be eligible for inclusion in the California Register of Historic Places. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Historic Resources Redevelopment in accordance with the General Plan Diagram could result in the demolition or alteration of historically significant buildings or disrupt or adversely affect a property that may be eligible for inclusion in the California Register of Historic Places. In addition, new construction could occur in a manner which detracts from or is disharmonious with surrounding historic buildings and sites. Archaeological Resources Urbanization associated with new land uses may require excavation and land clearing in potentially sensitive resource areas. Typically, when sensitive cultural resources are discovered, it is during site clearing and grading. These resources can be destroyed by construction equipment bulldozing above ground structures and/or excavation equipment unearthing subsurface resources. Offsite activities,such as installation of utilities, may also adversely affect cultural resources if appropriate controls are not in place and enforced. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The General Plan includes several policies and programs that are intended to protect Redding's cultural resources by mitigating the potential impacts of new development in areas containing important archaeological,historical,or paleontological resources. The following policies and programs address the potential implications of the General Plan Diagram on cultural resources. CDD9A. Encourage the preservation and rehabilitation of historically or architecturally significant districts, buildings,and structures. CDD9B. Establish standards for infill projects in existing residential neighborhoods that respect existing neighborhood scale and character. Dl. Prepare,adopt,and implement a Downtown Specific Plan. Until such time as the plan is adopted,utilize the following general guidelines for reviewing development proposals: f Promote development of upper-scale garden apartments north and east of the Pine Street School; recognize the potential of the school to be the hub of neighborhood activity(emphasis added). NR 12A. Ensure protection of prehistoric,cultural,and archaeological resources during the development process. NR12B. Refer development proposals that may adversely affect archaeological sites to the California Archaeological Inventory,Northeast Information Center,at Chico State University. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7.29 April 19,2000 Chapter 7:Natural Environment NR12C Encourage public and private efforts to identify, preserve, protect and/or restore historic buildings, structures,landmarks,and important cultural resources. NR 12D. The City shall not knowingly approve any public or private project that may adversely affect an archaeological site without first consulting the Archaeological Inventory, Northeast Information Center, conducting a site evaluation as may be indicated,and attempting to mitigate any adverse impacts according to the recommendations of a qualified archaeologist. City implementation of this policy shall be guided by Appendix "K"of the CEQA Guidelines. R3A. Protect and enhance historically-significant structures and resources located in park and open-space lands. R3B. Ensure that park-development and parkland-acquisition proposals consider potential impacts to historical or archaeological resources and minimize or eliminate those impacts to the fullest extent possible. R3C. Integrate historic resources into park developments,where possible. IMPACTS Historic Resources Development and redevelopment in the City could result in the demolition or alteration of historically- significant buildings and structures. The General Plan includes several policies to preserve historic and architecturally significant sites from development, and to ensure that surrounding development is compatible with surrounding buildings. The impacts of the General Plan on historic resources are therefore considered less than significant. Archaeological Resources The Redding area has numerous archaeological resources, primarily because of its location along the Sacramento River and its tributary streams. The River,streams,and old River terraces are prime locations for archaeological resources. Prehistoric village sites are primarily located within several hundred meters of a permanent water source. Burial sites are almost always associated with a village site,although not all village sites contain burials. Smaller villages and campsites occur along both permanent and seasonal water courses. Other sites, such as petroglyphs, bedrock mortars, or lithic scatters do not necessarily occur along a water course. The policies noted above would ensure that project proponents for all projects take all available precautions in determining the potential for archaeological resources on project sites prior to the commencement of construction activities as well as during construction. Implementation of these policies would reduce the impacts of the General Plan to less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the Waft General Plan are necessary. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 7-30 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 8 HEALTH AND SAFETY This chapter assesses the natural and manmade health and safety impacts of development under the General Plan. The issues addressed in this chapter are seismic and geological hazards,wildlife and urban fire potential, flooding, hazardous materials, airport safety, air quality, and noise. 8.1 SEISMIC AND GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Detailed information on seismic and geological hazards can be found in Chapter 10 of the General Plan Background Report, the existing conditions are summarized below. Geologic Setting The majority of the urban area is situated on a series of alluvial sand and gravel terraces formed within the floodplain(and former floodplains)of the Sacramento River. Beneath these terrace deposits are rocks of sedimentary origin such as marine and volcanic sandstone and siltstone as well as igneous and metamorphic rocks. Moderate levels of earthquake activity, generally at less than magnitude (M) 3.0, characterize the region around Redding. Historically, 20 earthquakes of approximate M 5.0 and greater (or Modified Mercalli [MM]intensity VI and greater)have occurred within the region surrounding Redding dating back to 1881. Several large earthquake events have also shaken Redding at an approximate intensity of MM V,although they occurred outside the region. The strongest-known, ground-shaking experienced in Redding was generated by the April 16, 1904,M 4.5 earthquake (MM V),which occurred about six miles south of the county, and the February 8, 1940, M 5.7 Chico Earthquake (MM VII), approximately 60 miles to the south. Surface Rupture Hazards From Faulting A number of faults occur in the Redding region. The only known active fault appears to be located approximately five miles northwest of Redding at a depth of 15.7 miles. The strongest reported quake for this fault is a magnitude of 3.5 miles. The General Plan Background Report considered a fault to be active if it has either exhibited movement in the last 10,000 years(Holocene),shown repeated movements since late Pleistocene time(last approximately 128,000 years), or has been associated with a moderate-to large-magnitude historical earthquake or pattern of micro earthquakes suggestive of an active fault. To date, there has been no reported surface rupture in the immediate Redding vicinity. Liquefaction Liquefaction,which occurs when loosely packed,water-logged sediments lose their strength in response to strong shaking,can cause major damage during earthquakes. Figure 8-1 shows the classification of the urban area for liquefaction. Generally speaking,the high hazard areas for liquefaction are located along the Sacramento River and its tributaries due to the presence of the Holocene alluvial deposits. Based on the topography of the urban Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-1 April 19,2000 S-AS-A DAM v 2 T��� i> W W v _ , 'A kFF ��c ao 2/ e Jr 11!#11,\?f QUARTZ ���r �lCiI��. N ',���V// „� SR 2gg E VA qk\C 11(C ki: Y„ A r '''''''''AII. 4Z Nt-460-414-triolcisti „sx.4\ . , i Pi Kt-1,,,4<,.1,1.-=_*,:_wa orA 1 ft w 4) ix-L, _,..:.1 ..... .ifitte,:...„,.....„.........„tilTirA, \i, , ■ ARTNELL_ �� 4A cil IL-14 i S R 2 9 9 w jirriterA kirisral: I.PraltilliF.Airldi Fait 1 14 - i ti 1 11 itINFIA01101111PLI \:8 \ it_ pin 1/ ` 'G�1'Sp� F�tirtf;11 � 1,0 , ,j i�R� AL ill iti SR j_, I,. , Alifi a itai 'Ill \14 t-----. 1.14 Q� AQP ,•�� \ �1 l� k to i, --e-2 z .":4446:-±-10 a .t rti N' '-. ' . „ 1740.. .641.4441 to/ ,‘NLINFkio1/4, 0 _%--' VISIIIIC` Otor, a 1111111*'6V�� -1.4' 'fi ''' IIil, ,„ .,,, A\ • • ‘ 7. �'\ CLEAR �E� 1i�/.1411-' -' �� �Y� N7ikkikit 1,. .1-- \l‘i /tel? `( X° ,,�` _Alog _ft- ,. . ,.t. i ASSESSMENT OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL 100,* -.1P8 D.•SCH�P HP High Potential ' o \ ��.v1��� `4 LP Low Potential S - jfJ� NP No Potential „ Z� J <,` 0 7 s ='- D:\GP\FIG-8-1 D:\GP\FIG-8-1 DECEMBER 1998 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: itREDDING SEISMIC HAZARDS FIGURE 8-1 WOODWARD CLYDE, 1995 LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety area with its surroundings and on the available subsurface soil information,the Holocene deposits could contain significant amounts of gravel-size materials. Recent research has shown that gravelly soils can also be susceptible to liquefaction. Landslides and Other Ground Failures The hazard from seismically-triggered landslides is considered to be significant only within the westernmost part of the urban area. Slump-type failures and lateral spreading failures would be expected at the edge of alluvial terraces and along the Sacramento River's floodplain. The greatest erosion in the area around Redding has occurred to the west and south of the County,along Olney Creek,Oregon Gulch,and Canyon Hollow. Runoff from the foothills of the Klamath Mountains to the west has carved deep watercourses down through the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits,exposing both Mesozoic and older bedrock. The enclosed and uncontrolled nature of these drainages poses a greater hazard during times of storm-water runoff,both from flooding and erosion,creating the potential for limited debris-flow activity as eroded material is incorporated into floodwaters. The extent of this activity is limited by the narrow nature of these canyons. Other types of ground failure, including expansive soils, and subsidence are not considered to pose a significant hazard within the urban area. Volcanic Hazards Volcanic hazards can be categorized into three general groups: flowage phenomena,tephra eruptions,and emission of volcanic gases. Redding is distant enough from the three active Cascade volcanoes (Lassen Peak,Mount Shasta,and Medicine Lake Volcano)that it is unlikely the urban area would be significantly affected by a volcanic eruption. In the case of an eruption of Mount Shasta,volcanic ash may fall in the northern part of the urban area and minor seiches in Lake Shasta could be generated by debris flows into the arms of the lake where its tributaries enter. Seiches A seiche is an oscillation of a body of water in an enclosed or semi-enclosed basin that varies in period, depending on the physical dimensions of the basin, from a few minutes to several hours, and in height from a few millimeters to a few meters. Seiches chiefly arise as a result of sudden local changes in atmospheric pressure, aided by wind and occasionally tidal currents. Seiches can also be triggered by earthquake strong ground motion or large landslides entering the body of water. A large megathrust on the Cascadia subduction zone could generate sufficient ground-shaking to generate a seiche in both the Whiskeytown Lake and Lake Shasta basins. The effects of such a seiche would depend on the local conditions at the time. If either reservoir was filled to capacity, it would be expected that there would be some amount of overspill, most likely by way of the dam spillways rather than by overtopping the dams themselves. It would require a seiche of over 20 meters to overtop the Shasta Dam, even with the reservoir filled to capacity. In the case of Shasta Lake, the downstream dams of Spring Creek and Keswick would regulate this excess flow into the Sacramento River,thereby minimizing any inundation hazard. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to assess impacts resulting from development anticipated under the General Plan. The analysis was conducted qualitatively by comparing areas with anticipated seismic and geologic hazards with the area proposed for development under the General Plan. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-3 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety Assumptions 1. The potential for seismic activity and relative ground-shaking, surface rupture, and liquefaction is assumed to be compatible with zones of the Seismic Risk Map for purposes of structure safety. 2. New construction would be subject to State and local seismic safety building standards. 3. Existing structures built before the establishment of earthquake safety standards are not considered as an impact of the General Plan. Thresholds of Significance For purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would result in unacceptable risk to life or property from seismic or geologic hazards. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New structures built in accord with the General Plan Diagram could be subject to ground-shaking,surface faulting,liquefaction,landslides,or seiches. It is unlikely,however,that these geologic hazards would be severe. Furthermore, all new buildings approved for development by the City would have to comply with the Uniform Building Code (UBC). This would help ensure buildings would be constructed to withstand seismic effects. The most significant seismic and geologic hazards would be related to older, unreinforced masonry buildings and structures built before modern building codes were in effect. It is also conceivable that fire caused by ruptured gas or electric transmission lines could affect both new and old structures. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following General Plan policies address seismic and geological hazards: HS1A. Continue to require that new structures and alterations to existing structures comply with the seismic safety requirements of the Uniform Building Code(UBC);adopt updated provisions of the UBC related to seismic safety as they become available. HS1B. Require liquefaction mitigation plans for proposed developments,including necessary infrastructure in areas determined to have a "high"liquefaction potential. HS1 C. Require determination of the landslide,slope-instability,and erosion potential of proposed development sites located in potential hazard areas. Utilize building setbacks,grading techniques,or appropriate measures when constructing in or near unstable areas. IMPACTS New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would expose more people to geologic hazards,and could be located in areas of liquefaction,ground-shaking,volcanic hazards,seiches,landslides, and other ground failures. The greatest potential for liquefaction and ground-shaking to occur would be along the Sacramento River. Areas along the river would be used for residential, general commercial, parks,public facilities,and open space. Impacts from landslides would be greatest within the westernmost part of the urban area, which would be primarily used as open space. Other geologic hazards are not considered to pose a significant hazard in the urban area. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-4 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety Specific General Plan policies would help minimize geologic impacts. General Plan Policy HSIA requires new structures and alterations to existing structures comply with the seismic safety requirements of the UBC. Policy HS1B would provide protection from liquefaction hazards by requiring future development to develop mitigation plans,and to incorporate necessary infrastructure in areas with a high liquefaction potential. Policy HS1 C would require determination of the landslide, slope-instability, and erosion potential of proposed development sites located in potential hazard areas. Compliance with these General Plan policies would minimize the seismic and geologic impacts associated with development under the General Plan, and, therefore, would be considered less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. 8.2 WILDLAND AND URBAN FIRE POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The urban area is subject to both urban and wildland fire hazards. Urban Fire Hazards Many residential,commercial,and industrial structures in the urban area are subject to fire hazards related to electrical shorts, industrial accidents, arson, or simple carelessness. These risks are generally greatest in older structures constructed before strong building and fire codes were enacted. Wildland Fire Hazards Significant parts of the urban area are a mixture of wildland and urban and rural uses(i.e.,wildland/urban interface). Much of the wildland/urban interface is located within the Redding city limits, particularly within the numerous gulches and greenways adjacent to urban uses. The presence of urban uses adjacent to wildlands increases the likelihood of wildland fires, and the presence of wildlands adjacent to urban areas allows fires to spread rapidly to other urban and rural areas. Figure 8-2 shows the very high fire hazard areas within the urban area as determined by California Department of Forestry (CDF). METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance developed to assess impacts resulting from development anticipated under the General Plan Diagram. The analysis was conducted by considering areas with high potential for wildland fire hazards in relation to the areas proposed for new development under the General Plan Diagram. Assumptions • New development in the urban area would require expanded fire protection services in order to meet the Redding Fire Department's standard for response times(see Fire Protection,Section 6.2,Other Public Facilities and Services). Thresholds of Significance For purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would result in a significant increase in the exposure of people to major fire hazards. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-5 April 19,2000 SHASTA DAM IFIPlir ,e) O Z W 4Ce ti O 2 O WALKER I iA / 1y o pigv, 0 ouA,,, 41 MLL , ' HASTA COMMUNITY DAMFilLf i COLLEGE SR q99 i 6L 7 iiiii) COLLYER p AR GO EGE o, v%\ 0 ' , C A 1 z S 13 \ ar NTO " 1 T.- O SR - �t'#,- ",► : OLD ALT RAS G 299 W REKA • 0•'A_ R ,2 k_ Z E .�OA 714 Nri •® 13 0 tio �� ilkAdlir; ,1g•HARTNELL, 44 I ‘,............, W •w _U S z I K Q J°�� 1 U o LI iQs"- 9a' � RANCHO r 6?- ,.. S c,44 40 oisftillw W • K U Z O CC a E ' REUD . GIRVAN ' � UAL cLEA• � s!. /•4,� �� \ MEADOww On Q Gq RR \\ DERSCH VERY HIGH HAZARD ZONE s•p `i1-.„................ J .4.), 9P Z a = D:\GP\FIG-8-2 DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: dot CITY OF REDDING, FIGURE 8-2 FIRE DEPARTMENT WILDLAND FIRE HAZARD AREAS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-6 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would increase the number of structures and persons that would be subject to potential fires by increasing the size of the building stock and the number of residents and employees in the urban area. Also, the presence of urban uses adjacent to wildlands increases the likelihood of wildland fires,and the presence of wildlands adjacent to urban areas allows fires to spread rapidly to other urban and rural areas. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following General Plan policies address wildlife and urban fire issues: HS4 9. Maintain an Insurance Service Office(ISO)rating of 3 or better. H Require that all new development and redevelopment meet State and local standards for fire protection; encourage the upgrade of existing structures to current standards. HS4C. Work with local water districts to ensure that district systems are developed, maintained,and monitored to provide minimum fire flow,rates peak-load capacity for fire suppression. HS4D. Require remote hillside developments to maintain sufficient water supplies on site, when appropriate, to provide wildland fire protection. Water supplies may be stored in the form of ponds,storage tanks,or other features acceptable to the Fire Marshal. HS4E. Utilize appropriate techniques,such as those illustrated in Figure 4-8,to reduce fire damage in those areas with a high wildland fire potential. The actual combination of these and/or other techniques required for a particular project will be determined by the Fire Marshal based on the level of hazard involved. HS4F. Construct emergency-access routes to open-space areas at optimal locations within developments. HS4G. Develop a comprehensive vegetation management and weed abatement program for open-space areas, including those that are located in existing subdivisions. HS4H. Establish a program to construct and maintain fire-access roads in ravine areas considered to have a very high fire danger to enhance the ability to suppress wildland fires. These roads need not be surfaced and may also function as part of the City's trail system. Erosion and impacts to native vegetation and natural features shall be minimized. HS41. Amend subdivision regulations to ensure that cul-de-sac lengths are generally no greater than 600 feet and should have a sufficient turnaround area. Longer cul-de-sacs may be considered if additional measures are incorporated to ensure the safety of residents and emergency-response personnel. HS4J. Amend subdivision regulations to ensure that residential subdivisions have at least two points of access. HS4K. Maintain and augment mutual and automatic aid agreements with the California Department of Forestry (CDF)and Shasta County. HS4L. Continue to promote fire prevention through education and public-awareness programs. IMPACTS The urban area is subject to both urban and wildland fire hazards. Urban fire hazards could occur in any urban development, and wildland fire hazards are greatest along the western, eastern, and northern boundary of the urban area. These areas contain open space, residential, and public facility uses. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-7 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety New nonresidential buildings and multi-family structures are required by the Uniform Fire Code to incorporate sprinklers,fire-resistant building materials,and smoke detectors. City and county regulations require minimum roadway widths for fire access and the provision of fire hydrants in areas with public water service. The City also requires the establishment and maintenance of fire-safe buffers on new residential development in fire-prone areas. The Redding General Plan contains several policies that would minimize wildland and urban fire hazards. Policy HS4A requires the maintenance of an Insurance Service Office (ISO) rating of 3 or better. Policy HS4D requires that remote hillside developments maintain sufficient water supplies on site to provide wildland fire protection. To provide urban fire protection,cul-de-sacs are to be no greater than 600 feet in length and have a sufficient turnaround area as required by Policy HS4I Policy HS4J requires each residential subdivision to have at least two points of access. Compliance with General Plan policies and existing Federal,State,County,and City regulations would ensure that all new development within the urban area meets industry construction standards for fire safety. Therefore,the urban and wildland fire hazard impacts related to development under the General Plan would be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan and existing regulations are necessary. 8.3 FLOODING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Detailed information of flooding hazards can be found in Chapter 10 of the General Plan Background Report, and existing conditions are summarized below. Development in flood-prone areas increases the severity of property damage associated with flooding. The volume of"space" in the floodplain occupied by development can no longer contain floodwaters,so the height of the flood would be higher under developed conditions. A related effect is that where floodwaters are flowing,the development and its effect of raising local flood elevation create a"backwater effect," raising water heights upstream. The more development there is,the greater this effect would be. Development in a drainage basin can also raise flood elevation,even when the development is not in the floodplain, because development decreases the ability of the land in the basin to absorb rainfall by covering the land with impervious surfaces. This process causes runoff to reach streams, rivers, and floodplains sooner than would otherwise be the case. The concentration of stormwater runoff condensed into a shorter time period is equal to higher floodwater heights. Floods in the urban area are likely to occur due to high levels of rainfall in short time periods. The runoff from these events can be calculated on the basis of drainage basin characteristics and storm intensity. The Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)formally designates areas located in probable flood hazard zones. Figure 8-3 shows the 100-year flood zones for the urban area. Most of the flooding information provided by FEMA was prepared in 1985, although data for several drainages have been updated since that time. Substantial development has occurred since that time,resulting in higher flood elevations on most major creek drainages than are reflected on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM). In 1993, the City undertook a comprehensive study of all major drainage basins in the County to determine what effect development has had on flood levels over the past eight-year period. The information is presented in the Citywide Master Storm Drain Study (CMSDS). Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-8 April 19,2000 HASTA DAM 11 P 4 ii f p 2� 4 (T 1111\i 4 'A ii O 7 at` ,l OAR HL 41111 /(/ •• SR 299E4-EPd. lik \C). 1 �O�RTI 6, `� I CO EGE VIEW -.:-..-,.. .... f.4.0.1+1;,,101.14 -..........„.. O �p 1101117 SR 799 W .� � ,r0T RAS Q il V'11j$ \ 8:, SR 44 0 cti 1 AliORPNStER "'i �� CHO i , )4,... Wit,, ,.1-,c ec k„,,,,,,,,..\,.. CREEK tiRo � ,a 1. k. ' CLEAR \ ___...--,-# ...,...._„,........ez,„\-"Ilik )k-rt.0 -) • \\ ,-9 DERS" FEMA 100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN qsk, MONTGOMERY WATSON FLOOD STUDY e,P ,P'''.'s o � D:GP\FIGS-3 DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCEdot : FEMA, 1989 FIGURE 8-3 MONTGOMERY WATSON, 1994 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-9 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety In 1994,the Redding City Council took a proactive approach to protect flood-prone areas determined in the City study. These measures included amending Chapter 18.47 of the Municipal Code (Floodplain Ordinance)to specifically recognize studies that establish a higher base flood elevation than does FEMA and to adopt Council Policy No. 1806. In summary, that policy: 1. Requires that the base flood elevations of the City's study be used for planning and mitigation purposes if it is more restrictive than the published data from FEMA. 2. Directs City staff to study the feasibility of establishing a system of regional storm-water detention basins that will ensure that further increases in flood elevations do not occur. The City completed the City of Redding Detention/Retention Study in April 1995 and is working on implementation strategies. Dam Failure Inundation Parts of the urban area would be subject to inundation resulting from failure of the Shasta Dam and Whiskeytown Dam. In 1994, the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) carried out modeling studies for the potential failure of Shasta Dam in order to calculate the extent and reach of a flood event resulting from a catastrophic drainage of Shasta Lake. The area of inundation resulting from a catastrophic failure of both the Shasta Dam and Whiskeytown Dam are shown in Figures 8-4 and 8-5, respectively. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to assess impacts resulting from development estimated under the General Plan. The analysis was conducted by evaluating known and anticipated flooding and dam inundation hazards in relationship to the areas designated for development in the General Plan Diagram. Assumptions • Flooding impacts are assumed to be generally limited to designated floodways and floodplains as defined by the FEMA FIRM and the CMSDS. • Potential inundation resulting from dam failure is assumed to affect the urban area only as it relates to the Shasta Dam and Whiskeytown Dam. • Existing development located within the urban area would continue to be exposed to flooding and dam inundation hazards,but this is not considered an impact of new development under the General Plan. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, a project is considered significant if it will cause substantial flooding or interfere with emergency response plans or emergency evacuation plans. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development would increase the amount of impervious surface area,which,in turn,would increase surface flows and the chance of flooding without mitigation. However,no new development is designated within the 100-year floodplain as delineated by FEMA or the CMSDS. Under the General Plan,no new Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-10 April 19,2000 HASTA DAM Aih -.,,,, r O WI ' 2ii_ l oy \1 (.3- i pp y 1••' 01.4R Hk< SHASTA y COMMUNITY • p ki: Zi. COLLEGES R 299E''' 1, DAM S� f�\C G R - COLLA - ."..... ..........::1! O �, = COLLEGE veto o \� - .1% ifr -o HOZ 1.9 - _ _ SR 1.3%;11: !‘ 3 ; OLD ALT RAS G. 29g w ����A �\,���� ��� y �.r r /\\````,ri'-t1.1Q .0 Pt 1-.7:*4. -1'•-•'---:te4iii,h aRPARK •\i•\,,k , I i1 I. • HARTNELL 6Gf��ylG �,\\ ;W \ IiiN.'�r P „L 1 �\�\ I U �0 N <_ G \ N gc- QS R °1'i \\\\���\• 4 RANCHO ow,sloit II a. re CLEAR CREEK ii1 *p N%-,...:.G.,A i7. \\\ CH , SHASTA DAM INUNDATION s Y D:\GP\FIG8-4 DATE: DECEMBER 1998 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: 111111111N U.S. BUREAU OF FIGURE 8-4 RECLAMATION, 1994 INUNDATION AREA FOR SHASTA DAM FAILURE Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-11 April 19,2000 1 HASTA DAM irh I v H q if_ ti O O 9C O (L_____ *lure,• � y if ' IP QUARTZ C M(( SHASTA COMMUNITY \G,t, DAM y j i COLLEGE Sa 299 E Skit f cD�.�a �4, ' OOL-EGE v EM"o O2YSRilk C3 i w 1 a OLD ALT RAS G iiiiiim MIPistf101,1 TIM 0 17 *tilt NaPAaK INN 1�N HARTNELL, AGF ;: 1 ` SR 44 2,.... • ,.., lm 87 r_i ..,; a , o jN Q /j// 4 Ea 'A I N � RANCHO aor 1(/ ••• ST pi, �� „,.„..., /�� MUNICIPAL / .4.1.- - ; ,,— , : /.. � AIRPORT :2: j j DERSCH ..8 1/:....4 ... .--f"/ / 4 j / WHISKEYTOWN DAM INUNDATION -, D:\GP\FIC8-4 DATE: DECEMBER 1998 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: itU.S. BUREAU OF FIGURE 8-5 RECLAMATION, 1994 INUNDATION AREA FOR WHISKEYTOWN DAM FAILURE Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-12 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety development is proposed for any of these areas. These areas are all designated for greenway and open space. Parts of the urban area would be subject to inundation resulting from failure of the Shasta Dam and Whiskeytown Dam. New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram could occur in these inundation areas, located along the Sacramento River and the southern boundary of the urban area. Various residential, commercial, and industrial uses are designated along the Sacramento River. The southern boundary of the urban area would be designated for open space. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following General Plan policies are designed to protect the lives and property of residents and visitors from flood hazards: HS2A. Continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program to ensure the availability of Federally- sponsored floodplain insurance for City residents. HS2B. Continue efforts to reduce flood insurance premiums for City residents by restricting floodplain development and participating in the Community Rating Service Program. HS2C. Make maps available showing updated flood projections from a 100-year storm event. HS2D. Design both new development and redevelopment projects to minimize hazards associated with flooding. HS2E. Strictly limit development in areas subject to flooding from a 100-year storm event. Allow minor encroachments into floodplain only if it can be demonstrated that such encroachments will not impact other properties or significantly contribute to a cumulative effect of other encroachments. HS2F. Continue to utilize the Storm Drain Utility and Storm Drainage Construction Tax,or similar measures,as funding mechanisms for necessary drainage improvements throughout the City. HS2G. Establish a regional storm-water detention system at appropriate locations in area watersheds in cooperation with adjacent jurisdictions. Storm-water basins should be designed to allow passive or active recreational uses. Consider establishing basins within those areas depicted in Figure 4-4. HS2H. Require new development to demonstrate that existing and/or planned(on-or offsite)drainage facilities are sized to accommodate project storm runoff and to prevent off-site increase in peak runoff rates and flood elevations. IMPACTS New development would increase the amount of impervious surface area, which could raise surface runoff,which in turn could increase the flooding potential. The General Plan contains several policies that would minimize flooding hazards. General Plan Policy HS2D requires the design of new development to minimize hazards associated with flooding. Development would be strictly limited in areas located within the 100-year floodplain, as required by Policy HS2E Policy HS2G requires the establishment of a regional stormwater detention system at appropriate locations in area watersheds to minimize flooding hazards, while Policy HS2H requires new development to prevent increases in stormwater runoff. Any new structures built in the floodplain could increase water levels resulting in a greater potential for flooding to occur. The City would control development in the floodplain by applying the provisions of Chapter 18.47 of the Zoning Ordinance to flood-prone properties. Chapter 18.47 of the ordinance not Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety only establishes uses permitted or excluded from floodplain areas and establishes necessary permit processing procedures, but also requires that any new development approved adjacent to an identified floodplain have finished-floor elevations a minimum of one foot above the flood elevation, which is a greater amount of freeboard than required by FEMA. Minor encroachments into the floodplain would be allowed as long as they would not increase water velocities or elevations,exceeding adopted thresholds. Dam failure would expose areas within the inundation areas to flooding. As mentioned above, these hazard areas are located along the Sacramento River,and the southern boundary of the urban area. Under Policy HS3A,the City's Disaster Response Plan would include procedures that address potential flooding created by uncontrolled releases from Shasta Dam,and includes procedures on the evacuation of potential dam inundation areas. With the implementation of the General Plan policies and the City's Zoning Ordinance, flooding and dam failure inundation hazards would be minimized. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan and existing regulations are necessary. 8.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Hazardous-materials management includes the identification,proper transport,disposal,use,and storage of hazardous materials. Hazardous materials include liquids, solids, and gases which, by themselves, or when placed in contact with other materials, can result in contamination of soil or water, poisonous vapors,fires,or explosions. An inadvertent release of hazardous materials can enter the environment via air,soil transport,or surface runoff. When improperly stored or disposed,they can contaminate soil and groundwater or surface water and pose a general health hazard to the population via poisonous vapors, fumes, or explosions. Hazardous materials are used and created everyday by some industries, and they are also commonly found in household items such as insecticides, waste motor oil, and cleaning fluids. The Shasta County Environmental Health Division is the primary agency responsible for overseeing the commercial use and storage of hazardous materials within the urban area. There are approximately 20 business and government agencies in the urban area licensed to store, transport,and use radioactive materials. Although reliable estimates do not exist,both low-level and high- level radioactive materials are transported on Interstate 5 (1-5) through the urban area. Hazardous Materials Transport Hazardous materials are transported through the urban area principally by two modes—rail and truck. County roads and county streets are used to transport locally-generated wastes from the source to the regional highway system. The amount of hazardous materials passing through the urban area has not been quantified. However, in 1992 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitored hazardous materials carried by cargo tank trucks on I-5 as part of the Upper Sacramento River Sub-Area Contingency Plan. Local Regulations Existing plans that address the issues of hazardous materials in the urban area include the City of Redding Hazardous Materials Incident Plan, Shasta County Hazardous Waste Management Plan, and City of Redding Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to assess impacts resulting from development proposed under the General Plan Diagram. Assumptions • Increased development in the urban area,particularly commercial and industrial development,would result in increased transport, storage, and use of toxic or hazardous materials. • All Federal, State, and local regulations governing the production,use, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials would be strictly enforced. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would create a potential public health hazard or involve the use,production,or disposal of materials which pose a hazard to people, animals, or plant population. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in the increased possibility of exposure to hazardous materials. This exposure is expected to be greatest in areas where hazardous materials would be used in large quantities,such as the areas designated for industrial development. Use of common household materials would increase in new residential and commercial areas due to more people in the urban area. Interstate 5,State Routes 299 and 44,and the Union Pacific Rail Road(formally known as Southern Pacific Railroad) lines would continue to serve as routes for the transport of significant amounts of hazardous materials,thereby exposing nearby people and property to potentially hazardous conditions. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following General Plan policies address hazardous materials issues: HS9A. Require new developments that produce,store,utilize,or dispose of significant amounts of hazardous materials or waste to incorporate appropriate state-of-the-art project designs and building materials to protect employees and adjacent land uses. HS9B. Continue operation of the City's Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program. HS9C. Require that soils containing toxic or hazardous substances be remediated to the satisfaction of the agency having jurisdiction prior to the granting of any permits for new development. HS9D. Promote the routing of vehicles carrying potentially hazardous materials along transportation corridors that reduce the risk of exposure to the public and sensitive environmental areas. HS9E. Implement the Hazardous Materials Emergency Response component of the City's Disaster Response Plan in the event of a hazardous material spill,accident,or release within Redding's corporate limits. HS9F. Encourage the State to regularly monitor and report on the types and amounts of hazardous materials being transported through the Planning Area on State highways and Interstate 5. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-15 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety HS9G. Encourage the State Department of Health Services and the California Highway Patrol to review permits for radioactive materials on a regular basis and enforce public safety standards for the use of these materials, including the placarding of transport vehicles. HS10A. Prevent the placement of new critical,sensitive,or high-occupancy facilities within high hazard areas;ensure adequate street access. HS8A. Maintain and periodically update the City's Disaster Response Plan. HS8B. Encourage the involvement of local hospitals,schools,major businesses,utilities,the Red Cross,churches,and other service providers in emergency preparedness planning and training. HS8C Review periodically,but not less than annually,emergency-service equipment and shelters to ensure that they are ready for immediate operation in the event of an emergency. IMPACTS New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in the increased possibility of exposure to hazardous materials,due to the increase in population within the urban area. The additional population would also result in more household hazardous materials being used. New industrial development within the urban area would increase the amount of hazardous materials being used as well. The General Plan includes several policies that would minimize hazardous materials impacts. Policy HS9A requires new development that either produces,stores,utilizes,or disposes of significant amounts of hazardous materials or waste to incorporate state-of-the-art project designs and building materials to protect employees and adjacent land uses. Policy HS9C requires that soils containing toxic or hazardous substances be remediated before new development would be allowed. Policy HS9F encourages the State to regularly monitor and report on the types and amounts of hazardous materials being transported through the urban area. Compliance with General Plan policies,City of Redding Hazardous Materials Incident Plan,Shasta County Hazardous Waste Management Plan, and the City of Redding Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program, in combination with the efforts of the Shasta County Environmental Health Division, and all pertinent Federal and State regulations, this impact would be considered to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the existing policies and laws are necessary. 8.5 AIRPORT SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Safety issues associated with airports are primarily concerned with hazards posed to aircraft in flight and hazards posed to those on the ground. Flight hazards may be physical,such as tall structures that would obstruct airspace; visual, such as the glare caused by lights; or electronic, which could include any electronic uses that interfere with aircraft instruments or communication systems. Airport operations increase with urban growth, and this increased activity creates increased aircraft crash hazards. These risks can be reduced through proper land use planning,primarily through avoidance of incompatible land uses. The Redding urban area contains two public airports — the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark, both of which are owned and operated by the City of Redding. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-16 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety The Redding Municipal Airport is designated in the National Airport Plan as a certified airport for commercial airline operations. The airport is located in the southeast corner of the urban area. Figure 8-6 depicts the adopted safety zones for the airport. To maintain the ability to provide open areas that could be used for an emergency landing, the plan specifies that no parcels smaller than five acres should be created within the Inner Approach Zone and that no nonresidential parcels smaller than five acres should be created within the Outer Approach Zone.In the areas outside the Inner Approach Zone designation, the minimum parcel size is five acres,unless the parcels are created as part of a single parcel map totaling 15 or more acres. The plan also establishes land use density regulations that restrict the number of units per acre as well as the number of persons per acre. Benton Airpark is a general aviation airport with reliever status,providing commercial reliever support for the Municipal Airport. It is located close to Downtown Redding at Placer Street and Airpark Drive. Land use conflicts in the vicinity of Benton Airpark are minimized somewhat by the fact that the nearest residential dwellings north and south of the airport are over 3,000 feet from the ends of the runway. In order to meet the City's and Shasta Airport Land Use Commission's clear zone policies,lands north and south of the runway are designated"Airport Service," "Park,"or"Greenway"on the City's General Plan, which precludes development on these City-owned lands. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to assess impacts resulting from development anticipated to occur under the General Plan Diagram. The analysis was conducted by comparing areas with potential aircraft crash hazards with the area designated for development under the General Plan. Assumptions • Land use designations would be compatible with all local, State, and Federal regulations. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an impact is considered significant if adoption or implementation of the General Plan would create a potential public safety hazard or conflict with adopted environmental plans. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Only restricted development allowed under local,State,and Federal regulations would occur in Airport Safety Zones. The General Plan Diagram, therefore, does not conflict with the Benton Airpark Comprehensive Land Use Plan and the Redding Municipal Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following policy addresses airport safety issues: HS7A. Prevent development that could endanger the safety of air travelers and persons residing or working in the Airport environs by adhering to the land use policies contained in the Comprehensive Land Use Plans, Airport Approach Zone provisions of the Municipal Code, and applicable Shasta County Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC) resolutions. 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"� / i !!4 r 'irk tAl i/44 •`1iimw / • -.Nil N 4000' / \\ DATE: DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: it CITY OF REDDING FIGURE 8-6 REDDING MUNICIPAL AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT. SAFETY ZONES Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-18 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety IMPACTS The General Plan designates areas surrounding Benton Airpark and the Redding Municipal Airport for restricted development consistent with the City of Redding Municipal Code,the Shasta County ALUC, and existing Federal regulations. The impact on public safety is therefore considered less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan and existing regulations are necessary. 8.6 AIR QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Air Pollution Climatology Redding lies in the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, a broad, flat valley bounded by the Coastal Ranges to the west and the Sierra Nevada to the east. The entire air basin is about 200 miles long in a north-south direction, and has a maximum width of about 150 miles, although the valley floor averages only about 50 miles in width. Local meteorological conditions are greatly affected by the region's topography. Wind direction is primarily up-and down-valley due to the channeling effect of the mountains to either side of the valley. During the summer months surface air movement is from the south,particularly during the afternoon hours. During the winter months wind direction is more variable. The warm temperatures and abundant sunshine typical of the Redding area in the summer months are ideal conditions for ozone formation. When considered together with frequent transport of pollutants from southern areas, Redding can be considered to have a very high potential for air pollution. Air Pollutants and Ambient Standards Both the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and the California Air Resources Board(CARE) have established ambient air quality standards for common pollutants. These ambient air quality standards levels of contaminants represent safe levels that avoid specific adverse health effects associated with each pollutant. The ambient air quality standards cover what are called"criteria"pollutants because the health and other effects of each pollutant are described in criteria documents. Federal and California State ambient air quality standards are summarized in Table 8-1 for important pollutants. The Federal and State ambient standards were developed independently with differing purposes and methods,although both processes attempted to avoid health-related effects. In general,the California State standards are more stringent. This is particularly true for ozone and PM10. The EPA recently announced new national air quality standards for ground-level ozone and for fine particulate matter (PM). The existing one-hour ozone standard of 0.12 parts per million (ppm) will be phased out and replaced by an eight-hour standard of 0.08 ppm. New national standards for fine PM (diameter 2.5 microns or less) were established for 24-hour and annual averaging periods. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-19 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety TABLE 8-1 FEDERAL AND STATE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 1 Averaging California Standard National Standards Pollutant Time Ozone 1-Hour 0.09 ppm n/a (180µg/m3) 8-Hour n/a 0.08 ppm* Carbon 8-Hour 9.0 ppm 9.0 ppm Monoxide (10 mg/m3) (10 mg/m3) 1-Hour 20 ppm 35 ppm (23 mg/m3) (40µg/m3) Nitrogen Annual n/a 0.053 p m Dioxide (100 ug m3) 1-Hour 0.25 ppm n/a (470µg/m3) Sulfur Dioxide Annual n/a 80µg/m3 (0.03 ppm) 24-Hour 0.04 ppm 365µg/m3 (105µg/m3) (0.14 ppm) 1-Hour 0.25 ppm n/a (655µg/m3) Particulate Matter- Annual Arithmetic Mean n/a 15 µg/m3 Fine(PM,5) 24-Hour n/a 65 µg/m3 Suspended Annual n/a 50µg/m3 Particulate Arithmetic Matter(PM,o) Mean Annual 30µg/m3 n/a Geometric mean 24-Hour 50µg/m3 150µg/m3 Notes: ppm = parts per million mg/m3 = milligrams per cubic meter µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter *Proposed Federal standard under legal challenge. Source: U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,CARB. The Shasta County Air Quality Management District(SCAQMD)maintains air quality monitoring sites for PM,0 and ozone in Redding and Anderson. A summary of data from these monitoring sites is shown in Table 8-2. The number of days that each of the ambient standards was exceeded during the period 1993-1997 is shown. Exceedances have been recorded,however,for State ozone and PMto State standards. However, most standards shown in Table 8-1 are met in Redding and Shasta County. Attainment Status and Regional Air Quality Plans The Federal Clean Air Act and the California Clean Air Act of 1988 (CCAA) require that the CARB, based on air quality monitoring data, designate portions of the state where the Federal or State ambient air quality standards are not met as "nonattainment areas." Because of the differences between the national and State standards, the designation of nonattainment areas is different under the Federal and State legislation. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-20 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety Federal Requirements Under the Federal Clean Air Act,Shasta County is designated attainment or unclassified for all national ambient standards, so there are currently no Federal regional air quality planning requirements. This could change in the future because of the recent revision of the Federal ozone standard from a one-hour concentration of 0.12 ppm to an eight-hour concentration of 0.08 ppm. Federal designations for ozone will be revised in the year 2000 based on monitoring data from the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. Preliminary data from 1997 and 1998 indicate that Shasta County is not likely to meet the new Federal standard. Classification as a nonattainment area for ozone in the year 2000 would likely trigger new regional planning requirements and would subject the region to Federal conformity requirements for all projects and actions requiring Federal funding or approval. State Requirements The Sacramento Valley Air Basin has been divided into two planning areas called the Northern Sacramento urban area and the Broader Sacramento urban area. The northern areas,which covers seven counties including Shasta County,is classified as a "moderate" nonattainment area for ozone and PM10. The CCAA requires that nonattainment areas develop plans to eventually attain the California ambient air quality standards. The Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan is the County's adopted ozone plan. The Plan contains control programs for stationary sources and mobile sources. The existing Air Quality Element of the Redding General Plan was intended to meet the requirements for indirect source control programs in the California Clean Air Act. Indirect sources include employment sites,shopping centers, sports facilities, housing development, and airports that attract or generate vehicle trips. The California Legislature,when it passed the California Clean Air Act in 1988, recognized the relative intractability of the PMIo problem and excluded it from the basic planning requirements of the Act. The Act did require CARB to prepare a report to the Legislature regarding the prospect of achieving the State ambient air quality standard for PMIo. This report recommended a list of actions,but did not recommend imposing a planning process similar to that for ozone or other pollutants for achievement of the standard within a certain period of time. METHODOLOGY This section describes the thresholds of significance used to evaluate air quality impacts expected to occur under the General Plan Diagram. Impacts were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively based on information provided in the General Plan Background Report and General Plan Diagram. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, an iimpact is considered significant if it will conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air plan;violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation; result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard;expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations;and create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-21 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety TABLE 8-2 AIR QUALITY DATA, 1993-1998 City of Redding and Anderson Area Pollutant Standard Station Days Over Standard in: 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Ozone Federal 1-Hour Redding 0 0 0 0 0 3 Anderson 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ozone State 1-Hour Redding 1 7 7 16 8 40 Anderson 0 0 2 3 4 13 PM,, Federal Redding 0 0 0 0 0 0 24-Hour Anderson 0 - 0 0 0 0 PM,p State 24-Hour Redding 1 2 0 0 0 0 Anderson 5 - 2 .1 2 3 Source:Shasta County Air Quality Management District, 1997. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Local Scale Development in accordance with the General Plan would alter traffic volumes and change concentrations of localized pollutants such as carbon monoxide near streets and highways. Concentrations of this pollutant are related to the levels of traffic and congestion along streets and at intersections. In Shasta County,vehicles are the single largest source of this pollutant, accounting for about 50 percent of total countywide emissions. Carbon monoxide concentrations urban areas in California have been steadily dropping since the early 1980s due to increasingly stringent vehicle emission control standards. Shasta County is an attainment area for carbon monoxide, although monitoring of carbon monoxide levels was discontinued in 1992. The generation rate of carbon monoxide by automobiles is anticipated to keep declining through the year 2020 as older cars are retired and replaced by cleaner cars. Even though traffic volumes would increase and in some areas congestion would worsen in the future,it is unlikely that carbon monoxide air quality problems would result from development under the General Plan. Table 8-3 shows projected carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles in Shasta County from 2000 to 2020. A steady decline in countywide emissions is forecasted, despite increased traffic. Regional Scale Future emissions from mobile sources will be influenced by opposing factors. Vehicle miles traveled and vehicle trips will be increasing while the emission rates for the vehicle population will be changing as older vehicles are retired and newer vehicles replace them. The net effect will vary according to the pollutant being considered. To estimate the trend in vehicular emissions from 2000 to 2020, output from CARB's BURDEN-7G program was obtained for Shasta County. These forecasts are based on City of Redding and Consultant population forecasts. The latest forecast anticipates that population within the study area boundaries that Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-22 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety include the City of Redding will increase to approximately 113,000 by 2020. The BURDEN-7G program only forecasts vehicle emissions. For PM10 the BURDEN-7G program calculates emissions from three sources: exhaust, tire wear, and brake wear. The largest source of PM10 associated with vehicles, however, is entrained road dust (particulate raised into the atmosphere within the"wake"created behind a moving vehicle). An entrained road dust factor of 0.0011041 pounds per mile,derived from the UREBEMIS-7G program,was,therefore, added to the BURDEN-7G emissions. Table 8-3 shows the resulting projection of transportation-related emissions in 2000,2010, and 2020 for three important regional pollutants: ROG and NO„ (the two ozone precursors) and PM10. Table 8-3 shows that emissions from vehicles in the planning area are likely to gradually decline for ROG. Some time between 2010 and 2020 NO„emissions will reach a minimum and begin to increase. PM10 emissions from vehicles will steadily increase,so that vehicles can be expected to become an increasingly important source of PM10 in the future. In addition to the vehicular emissions shown in Table 8-3 development under the General Plan would result in new areas and stationary sources within Redding. The type or amount of such emissions is not predictable,since industrial emissions can vary greatly depending on the processes and materials involved. Any future industrial sources would be subject to the rules and regulations of the Shasta County Air Quality Management District, which requires permits for new stationary sources. TABLE 8-3 VEHICULAR EMISSIONS IN 2000, 2010 AND 2020, IN TONS PER DAY Shasta County Pollutant 2000 2010 2020 8.39 4.27 3.30 Reactive Organic Gases(ROG) Oxides of Nitrogen(NO,) 14.25 12.71 15.85 Particulate Matter, 10 Micron(PM,o) 3.27 4.46 6.09 Carbon Monoxide(CO) 97.20 54.31 50.39 Source: California Air Resources Board, 1996. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The Air Quality Element provides a program to control or reduce emissions associated with new and modified indirect pollution sources. Indirect sources include employment sites,shopping centers,sports facilities, housing development, airports, and places of business. The Air Quality Element incorporates strategies to reduce emissions;including goals,policies,standards, and implementation measures related to land use and traffic circulation. The Air Quality Element was adopted as part of the Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan, the State-mandated plan for attainment of State ozone standards. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-23 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety The Air Quality Element contains the following goals,objectives,policies,and implementation measures: • Goal 1:Effective Communication,Cooperation,and Coordination in Developing and Implementing Community and Regional Air Quality Programs. Objective la: To accurately determine and fairly mitigate the local and regional air quality impacts of proposed projects. Policy 1:The City will require an air quality impact analysis using the recommended methods promulgated by the Air Quality Management District(A QMD)for all projects that are subject to CEQA review and which exceed emissions thresholds established by the AQMD. Policy 2:The City Department of Planning and Community Development will submit a report to the Planning Commission for approval which identifies the cumulative transportation and air quality impacts of all General Plan amendments approved during the previous year in the Annual General Plan Status Report. Policy 3:The City will establish an information program fordecision makers that tracks the cumulative emissions of all approved projects so there is a relative understanding of the impacts of small and large projects as well as proposed projects. This will help decision makers judge the proportionate share ofair quality mitigation cost based on project size and emissions output. Policy 4:The City will support the development,refinement,and use of uniform air quality impact-assessment guidelines that will provide standard criteria fordetermining significant environmental effects,that will provide a uniform method of calculating project emissions,and that will provide standard mitigation measures to reduce air quality impacts. Objective lb:To coordinate local air quality programs with regional programs and those of neighboring jurisdictions. Policy 5: The City will coordinate with other jurisdictions in the County to establish parallel air quality programs, application of CEQA, and implementation measures (trip-reduction ordinances, wood stove ordinance,and indirect source programs,etc.). Policy 6:The City will notify and request comments from neighboring cities and the County and affected agencies during review of General Plan amendments involving two acres or more and other significant discretionary projects which may affect the adjoining jurisdiction. Policy 7:The City will continue to integrate land-use,transportation,and air quality planning to make the most efficient use of public resources and to carry out the policies and goals of this element. Policy 8:All City submittal of projects to be included in regional transportation plans(Regional Transportation Improvement Plan,County's Congestion Management Plan[CMP],etc.)should be consistent with the goals and policies of this General Plan Element. Policy 9:The City should consult with transit providers to determine project impacts on long-range transit plans and ensure that impacts are mitigated. Policy 10: The City should continue to support the upgrading and consolidation of transit services within the metropolitan area to maximize the efficiency of transit services while minimizing the costs of transit services. This policy would also apply to small transit providers serving special groups like seniors. Consolidating these services can increase ridership per vehicle and reduce miles traveled. Policy 11:The City should work with the Housing Authority,transit providers,and developers to accommodate the construction of low-income housing developments that use transit-oriented and pedestrian-oriented design principles. Objective lc:: To help the public understand the impact of individual transportation and land-use decisions on air quality. Policy 12:The City should support and participate in the air quality education programs of theAQMD. The City should assist in educating developers and the public on the benefits of pedestrian and transit friendly development. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-24 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety Policy 13: The City should anticipate new technology in transportation so that opportunities are not foreclosed by relying on old technology. Objective Id:City government shall,as much as possible,operate its facilities to serve as a model for the private sector in implementing air quality programs. Policy 14: The City will,as much as possible,take the lead in implementing innovative employer-based, trip- reduction programs by ensuring that employment contracts negotiated with unions are flexible and allow workers to participate in programs that reduce commute trips. Policy 15:The City should adopt a schedule to replace or convert conventional fuel vehicles with alternative fuel vehicles as rapidly as feasible based on available funds. Policy 16: The City should support the development of a teleconference center for the community and small telecommunication work centers in new development. This can be accomplished by working with the telephone company and other interested public and private agencies,developers,and hotel operators in developing a multi- user teleconferencing center and small telework centers. • Goal 2:Reduce Motor Vehicle Trips and Vehicle Miles Traveled and Increase Average Vehicle Ridership(AVR). Policy 17: The City shall make air quality and mobility prime considerations when reviewing any proposed change to the land-use pattern. Such consideration shall include, as much as possible, increased transit and pedestrian mobility. This step shall be part of the CEQA process and apply reasonable Best Available Mitigation Measures(BAMM)to projects that exceed the significance thresholds promulgated by the Air Quality Management District. Policy 18:The City shall,as much as possible,continue to plan high-density development in areas that can be fitted with a transit system. Policy 19:The City shall continue to encourage mixed-use developments near employment centers that provide commercial services such as day-care centers,restaurants,banks,and stores. Policy 20: The City should provide funding opportunities and options for the development of pedestrian and bicyclist corridor construction. Policy 21:The City will work with the Redding Area Bus Authority in planning multi-modal transfer sites that incorporate auto parking areas, bike parking, transit,pedestrian and bicycle paths,and park and ride pick-up points. Objective 2a:To plan development in a way that makes the most efficient use of the land and thereby causes the least possible impacts to the environment. Policy 22: The City shall encourage compact infill development. Policy 23:The City shall consider redesignating vacant lands suitable for higher densities and transit/pedestrian- oriented developments during General Plan updates and periodic reviews. Policy 24:The City shall encourage projects within urban areas that will improve the effectiveness of the transit system and will not adversely affect existing single-family development. Policy 25:The City will work with the Local Agency Formation Commission, Cities of Anderson,Shasta Lake, and the County in establishing a hard edge urban limit line for the boundary of the metropolitan area of the County and commitment to providing public services only within the urban areas. Policy 26:The City should ensure that State and Federal funds earmarked for bicycle and transit improvements are used for those purposes and vigorously pursue funds for new bicycle and transit improvements. Policy 27:As a condition of project approval, the City shall require dedication of land for bus turnouts and shelters at sites deemed appropriate and necessary. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-25 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety Policy 28: The City shall ensure that the Regional Bikeway Plan and the City's Comprehensive Bikeway Plan include a comprehensive system of bikeways and pedestrian paths which is planned and constructed in accordance with the adopted plan, based on analysis of existing and future use by the area to be served. • Goal 3:Reduce Particulate Emissions From Sources Under the Jurisdiction of the City. Policy 29: The City will require measures to reduce particulate emissions from construction, grading, and demolition to the maximum extent feasible. Policy 30: The City will develop a priority schedule for paving roads and alleys based on availability of funds, grants,and cooperation of adjoining property owners. • Goal 4:Minimize Air Pollutant Emissions from Wood Burning Fireplaces and Appliances. Policy 31:The City will only allow developers to install low-emitting,Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) certified Phase 2 fireplace inserts and/or wood stoves or pellet stoves. Policy 32:The City should encourage the AQMD to annually advertise the importance of burning only seasoned dry wood. Policy 33:The City should encourage the AQMD to adopt a countywide rule that requires a changeout for existing wood heating devices at the time of change of property ownership. The rule should be proposed if the County continues to exceed State PM,o standards. The community needs a minimum of two years lead time before this rule takes effect. The Air Quality Element further develops threshold pollution standards from land use and require,where appropriate, the use of "Best Available Mitigation Measures" (BAMM) and include provisions for monitoring efforts made at reducing emissions on projects. The document's policies stress the importance of pursuing mixed-use, transit-oriented, and pedestrian-oriented development strategies. The element encourages new development to mitigate air quality impacts by 20 percent. The Air Quality Element does not set forth required mitigations, but offers a variety of suggested control measures. IMPACTS The General Plan would accommodate population and employment growth which would affect local and regional air quality. The General Plan anticipates that population in the urban area will increase from about 78,250 in 1999 to over 113,000 by the year 2020. This substantial increase would have the following significant air quality impacts: • Vehicular,area,and stationary sources associated with population increases will add to the emissions burden at a time when substantial reductions in current emissions will be needed if the State ambient air quality standards are to be met. • Sometime between 2010 and 2020 increased vehicle use associated with population increases will reverse the current trend of gradual reduction in county-wide NOX emissions. • PM,0 emissions associated with vehicle use will be increasing each year through the year 2020. The General Plan Air Quality Element policies take several steps at many different levels to reduce the aforementioned impacts.Policies 7, 10,18,21,and 26 create opportunities for expanded transit use to help reduce automobile emissions. Additionally,Policies 7, 11, 12, 14, 17, 19,20,23,and 28 also seek to reduce automobile emissions by encouraging pedestrian- and bicycle-oriented travel and employer-based trip reduction programs. Air Quality Policies 29 through 33 reduce particulate emissions from a variety of sources such as construction, wood stoves, and unpaved roads. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-26 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety The air quality improvement strategies included in the Air Quality Element are comprehensive. However,the effectiveness of these strategies is limited as long as vehicles powered by internal-combustion engines are the primary means of transportation. Implementation of Air Quality Element strategies would not reduce the effects of projected growth sufficiently to reduce this impact to a level that is less than significant. Therefore, the impact of the General Plan on air quality is considered significant. MITIGATION MEASURES The impending probable reclassification of the region with respect to the new eight-hour ozone standard in the year 2000 is likely to require a reconsideration of the policies and procedures contained in the element. The City of Redding should commit to updating the Air Quality Element once the Federal air quality planning requirements have been established by the EPA. Modifications may also be required to related parts of the Land Use and Circulation Element. The above updating of the Air Quality Element can be expected to result in additional policies and implementation strategies to reduce emissions of ozone precursors and particulates. It is unrealistic, however, to expect such new policies and implementation plans to by themselves eliminate the "cumulatively considerable net increase of a criteria pollutant for which the region is nonattainment" associated with development under the General Plan. Project impacts would be significant and unavoidable after implementation of mitigation measures. 8.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Noise is often defined simply as unwanted sound, and thus is a subjective reaction to characteristics of a physical phenomenon. For many years,researchers strived to translate objective measurements of sound into measures of public reaction to noise. The descriptors of community noise in current use are the results of these efforts, and represent simplified, practical measurement tools to gauge community response. Figure 8-7 provides examples of noise levels associated with common noise sources. A common statistical tool to measure the ambient noise level is the average, or equivalent, sound level' (Leq), which is the sound level corresponding to a steady-state A-weighted sound level in decibels (dB) containing the same total energy as a time-varying signal over a given time period(usually one hour). The Leq is the foundation of the composite noise descriptors such as Ldn and Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL), and shows very good correlation with community response to noise. Two composite noise descriptors are in common use today:Ldn and CNEL. The Ldn(Day-Night Average Level) is based upon the average hourly Leq over a 24-hour day,with a +10 decibel weighting applied to nighttime (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) Leq values. The nighttime penalty is based upon the assumption that people react to nighttime noise exposures as though they were subjectively twice as loud as daytime exposures. The CNEL,like Ldn,is based upon the weighted average hourly Leq over a 24-hour day,except that an additional +4.77 decibel penalty is applied to evening(7:00 p.m.to 10:00 p.m.)hourly Leq values. The CNEL was developed for the California Airport Noise Regulations, and is normally applied to airport/aircraft noise assessment. The Ldn descriptor is a simplification of the CNEL concept,but the two will usually agree,for a given situation,within 1 dB. Like the Leq,these descriptors are also averages and tend to disguise short-term variations in the noise environment. Because they presume increased evening or nighttime sensitivity,these descriptors are best applied as criteria for land uses where nighttime noise exposures are critical to the acceptability of the noise environment, such as residential developments. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-27 April 19,2000 Typical Noise Levels 130 Threshold of Pain 40:07441146, 120 .11j,1+ 110 41111, 100 (lit 90 l� 'a r so - - 70 . =TV,- 1 dBA , Y' \� 40 i. ,? .? , 4 30 — . 1-- ;�: , v 20 -1:7 ...• ►Jt' of 10 ~ems' r .. . 441-s wilt- - Threshold of Hearing D:\GP\FIG8-7 DECEMBER 1999 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: itCITY OF REDDING, F 1fiE 8-7 DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT. EXAMPLES OF SOUND LEVELS Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-28 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety A detailed description of the existing noise environment is contained in the Noise Element Section of the General Plan Background Report. The existing noise environment throughout the majority of the city of Redding is dominated by traffic on major highways,which include I-5,SR 44,SR 273,SR 299,and major arterial streets and roads. Railroad line operations on the Union Pacific Railroad(UP) railroad tracks also occur within the city of Redding. The UP track is a mainline track which is generally parallel to SR 273 and I-5. Noise from railroad line operations is produced by locomotive engines,freight car running gear,and warning horns or bells. There are two airports within the urban area:the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. The CNEL contours for existing aircraft operations at Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark are shown in the General Plan Noise Section of the General Plan Background Report. Industrial and other fixed noise sources are dispersed throughout the city of Redding. The major fixed noise sources identified in the Noise Section of the General Plan Background Report were the sand and gravel extraction operations along Clear Creek Road,lumber-related industries along Bonnyview Road, and the city of Redding Solid Waste Transfer Station. A community noise survey was conducted in 1996 throughout the city of Redding away from major noise sources,in 12 areas containing noise-sensitive land uses. Measured noise levels ranged between 42 dB and 56 dB Lan. METHODOLOGY This section describes the assumptions and thresholds of significance used to evaluate noise impacts expected to occur under the General Plan Diagram. Impacts were assessed quantitatively based on information provided in the City traffic model, General Plan Background Report, and General Plan Diagram. Assumptions 1. Development in the city of Redding will occur based upon the proposed General Plan Diagram. As new development occurs, increased traffic is assumed to result in increased traffic noise. 2. Increases in traffic noise levels are based on changes in traffic volumes. Travel speeds,truck mix,and distributions of traffic throughout the day are assumed to remain the same. Traffic volume data was obtained through the use of the Traffic Demand Model described in Chapter 4. Thresholds of Significance For the purposes of this EIR, impacts are considered significant if noise levels exceed the standards contained in the General Plan Policy Document. Ar. :'r method of determining the significance of noise impacts is by the expected change in ambient nc vels which will occur as a result of the project. Expected reactions to changes in ambient noise le ve been reported for persons who are exposed to noise sources that are quantified by metrics that de__ short-term exposure(e.g.,hourly Leg,Lm,x and L,). These metrics are usually used to describe noise impacts due to industrial operations, machinery and other sources that are not associated with transportation. An increase of at least 3 dB is usually required before most people will perceive a change in noise levels, and an increase of 5 dB is required before the change will be clearly noticeable. The Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-29 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety common practice has been to assume that a minimally perceptible increase of 3 dB represents a significant increase in ambient noise levels. An additional measure of potential significance of changes in noise levels is provided by the recommendations made in August 1992 by the Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON), as shown by Table 8-4. The purpose of the FICON recommendations was to provide guidance in the assessment of changes in ambient noise levels resulting from aircraft operations. The FICON recommendations are based upon studies that relate aircraft noise levels to the percentage of persons highly annoyed by the noise. Although the FICON recommendations were specifically developed to assess aircraft noise impacts,it has been assumed for this analysis that they are applicable to all sources of noise that are described in terms of cumulative noise exposure metrics such as the Ld„ or CNEL. These metrics are generally applied to transportation noise sources, and define noise exposure in terms of average noise exposure during a 24-hour period with penalties added to noise that occurs during the nighttime or evening. Ld„or CNEL are often defined in terms of an average annual day, and are therefore quite different than the short-term noise level descriptors described above. TABLE 8-4 SIGNIFICANCE OF CHANGES IN CUMULATIVE NOISE EXPOSURE Ambient Noise Level Without Project (Lan or CNEL) Change Resulting in Significant Impact <60 dB +5.0 dB or more 60-65 dB +3.0 dB or more >65 dB +1.5 dB or more Source: Federal Interagency Committee on Noise(FICON),as applied by Brown-Buntin Associates,Inc. IMPLICATIONS OF THE GENERAL PLAN DIAGRAM Traffic Noise Levels The General Plan noise consultant,Brown-Buntin Associates,used the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model(FHWA-RD-77-108)predicts distances to Ld„contours for all highways and major roadways. Appendix C-1 shows the distances to the traffic noise contours for all highways and major roadways within the city of Redding for the year 2020. Brown-Buntin Associates obtained existing traffic noise level data from Table 5-2 of the Noise Element and from the noise levels calculated for a reference distance of 100 feet during preparation of the General Plan Background Report. Appendix C-2 shows the relative changes in noise levels adjacent to each roadway as compared to the existing noise levels calculated for the Noise Element. The road segments which are expected to experience a 3 dB or greater change in traffic noise level are shown by the shaded cells in this table. Using a significance criterion of a 3 dB increase,these road segments will experience significant changes in traffic noise exposure as a result of development in accordance with the General Plan. The potential exists for traffic noise levels at existing and future land uses to exceed the standards for acceptable noise exposure. Future noise-sensitive uses could be located inside the 60 dB Ld„roadway noise Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-30 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety contours. Increased noise levels associated with increased traffic volumes may encroach upon existing noise-sensitive land uses, or may add to noise levels already in excess of 60 dB Ldn. Railroad Noise Levels Rail activity and demand may increase in the future.Implementation of the General Plan Diagram could result in noise-sensitive land uses being located close to the railroad tracks. This could result in individuals being exposed to noise levels which may be considered unacceptable. Union Pacific (UP) railroad officials were not able to provide estimates of future railroad activity. Therefore future railroad noise levels were assumed to be the same as for existing conditions, which include the operational effects of the recent UP/SP merger. The noise consultants used railroad noise level measurements and accepted modeling techniques to determine the distances to Ldn contours. The approximate distances to the 60 dB Ldn noise contour for the main UP track range from 321 feet to 1,339 feet from the track centerline, depending upon location, as shown by Table 5-3 of the Noise Element. (These distances do not account for shielding from buildings or topography, and are considered worst case conditions.) Noise-sensitive land uses located inside the 60 dB Ldn contours of the tracks would be exposed to unacceptable noise levels. Industrial and Other Fixed Noise Sources It is difficult to determine the noise impacts associated with future industrial facilities. However, based upon the proposed future land use,areas of potential noise impacts associated with new industrial facilities can be described. As additional development occurs throughout the City,the potential exists for noise- sensitive land uses to encroach upon existing or proposed fixed noise sources.In addition,implementation of the General Plan Diagram results in additional commercial,industrial,and office space. Therefore,the potential also exists for new fixed noise sources to encroach upon existing or proposed noise-sensitive land uses. All land uses designated Heavy Commercial,General Industry,Heavy Industry,and Public Facility would be considered potential noise sources which may exceed acceptable standards. It is not possible at this time to determine noise impacts associated with these land use designations. Therefore, a review of potential noise impacts should be conducted for these types of facilities when they are proposed,and the projected noise levels should be compared to the appropriate noise level criteria contained within the Noise Element. Implementation of the General Plan Diagram is expected to result in the potential for additional land use noise compatibility conflicts between stationary noise sources and noise-sensitive land uses. A.urcraft Noise The Redding Municipal Airport Master Plan Report Update, prepared in August 1995, includes an assessment of aircraft noise impacts due to forecast operations at that airport in the year 2015. Figure 5-4 of the Noise Element shows the CNEL contours prepared for that condition. The future 65 dB CNEL contour is largely confined to airport property, although its total area is larger than for existing conditions. The future 60 dB CNEL contour is also larger than for existing conditions,and may include some residential development southeast of the airport. According to the Benton Airpark Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), adopted in October 1993, operations at Benton Airpark are expected to increase to about 90,000 annual operations in the next Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-31 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety 20 years (from 1993). The noise exposure map for the CLUP indicated that three to five existing single family residences would be included in the 60 dB CNEL contour for future operations. According to the CLUP,there is no potential for additional new residential construction within the future 60 dB CNEL contour. The CLUP noted that,in order to determine if a noise problem will exist in the future,it will be necessary to more accurately estimate the number of annual operations; conduct a new noise survey; and modify the noise model to account for characteristics unique to Benton Airpark. This guidance has not been implemented, so it has been assumed that the CLUP estimate of three to five additional residences falling within the future 60 dB CNEL contour is reasonable. GENERAL PLAN POLICY RESPONSE The following General Plan policies address noise impacts associated with implementation of the General Plan Diagram. Traffic Noise Levels The following General Plan policies address noise impacts due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing or proposed major roadways. N2B. Prevent development of new projects which contain noise-sensitive land uses in areas exposed to existing or projected levels of noise from transportation sources which exceed the levels specified in Table 5-4, unless the project design includes effective mitigation measures to reduce exterior noise and noise levels in interior spaces to the levels specified in that table. N2E. Require acoustical analysis for noise-sensitive land uses proposed in areas exposed to existing or projected exterior noise levels exceeding the levels specified in Table 5-4 or the performance standards of Table 5-5 to determine mitigation for inclusion in the project design. Single-family dwellings on existing lots are excluded from this review. The following General Plan policies address noise impacts due to the growth-related increases in traffic on existing major roadways. N2F.Minimize motor vehicle noise impacts from streets and highways through proper route location and sensitive roadway design by employing the following strategies: • Consider the impacts of truck routes,the effects of a variety of truck traffic,and future motor vehicle volumes on noise levels adjacent to master planned roadways when improvements to the circulation system are planned. • Mitigate traffic volumes and vehicle speed through residential neighborhoods. • Work closely with Caltrans in the early stages of highway improvements and design modifications to ensure that proper consideration is given to potential noise impacts on the City. N2G. Enforce existing applicable sections of the California Vehicle Code related to vehicle or equipment mufflers and modified exhaust systems. N2H. Ensure that any municipal vehicles or noise-generating mechanical equipment purchased or used by the City of Redding complies with acceptable standard. N2J. Encourage railroad officials to install mitigation features whenever possible,and instruct railroad engineers to limit their use of air horns to reduce rail-related noise impacts on the community. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-32 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety The following General Plan policies address noise impacts due to roadway improvement projects. N2D. Consider the significance of noise-level increases associated with roadway-improvement projects needed to accommodate buildout of the General Plan. Since it may be impractical to reduce increased traffic noise to levels in Table 5-4, the following criteria may be used as a test of significance for roadway-improvement projects: • Where existing traffic noise levels are less than 60 dB Ldn in the outdoor-activity areas of noise-sensitive uses, roadway improvement projects which increase noise levels to 60 dB Lan will not be considered significant. • Where existing traffic noise levels range between 60 and 65 dB Ldn in the outdoor-activity areas of noise- sensitive uses, a +3 dB Ldn increase in noise levels due to a roadway-improvement project will be considered significant. • Where existing traffic noise levels are greater than 65 dB Lan in the outdoor-activity areas of noise-sensitive uses, a +1.5 dB Lan increase in noise levels due to a roadway-improvement project will be considered significant. N2F. Minimize motor vehicle noise impacts from streets and highways through proper route location and sensitive roadway design by employing the following strategies: • Consider the impacts of truck routes, the effects of a variety of truck traffic, and future motor vehicle volumes on noise levels adjacent to master planned roadways when improvements to the circulation system are planned. • Mitigate traffic volumes and vehicle speed through residential neighborhoods. • Work closely with Caltrans in the early stages of highway improvements and design modifications to ensure that proper consideration is given to potential noise impacts on the City. N2G. Enforce existing applicable sections of the California Vehicle Code related to vehicle or equipment mufflers and modified exhaust systems. N2H. Ensure that any municipal vehicles or noise-generating mechanical equipment purchased or used by the City of Redding complies with acceptable standards. The following General Plan policies address noise impacts due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing railroad line operations. N2A. Update existing and projected noise contours periodically for all transportation noise sources. N2B. Prevent development of new projects which contain noise-sensitive land uses in areas exposed to existing or projected levels of noise from transportation sources which exceed the levels specified in Table 5-4, unless the project design includes effective mitigation measures to reduce exterior noise and noise levels in interior spaces to the levels specified in that table. N2E. Require acoustical analysis for noise-sensitive land uses proposed in areas exposed to existing or projected exterior noise levels exceeding the levels specified in Table 5-4 or the performance standards of Table 5-5 to determine mitigation for inclusion in the project design. Single-family dwellings on existing lots are excluded from this review. N2J. Encourage railroad officials to install mitigation features whenever possible,and instruct railroad engineers to limit their use of air horns to reduce rail-related noise impacts on the community. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-33 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety Industrial and Other Fixed Noise Sources The following General Plan policies address noise impacts due to industrial and other fixed noise sources. N3A. Prohibit the development of noise-sensitive uses where the noise level due to nontransportation sources will exceed the noise-level standards of Table 5-5 as measured immediately within the property line of the new development,unless effective noise-mitigation measures have been incorporated into the development design to achieve the standards specified in Table 5-5. N3B. Mitigate noise created by new proposed nontransportation sources consistent with the noise-level standards of Table 5-5 as measured immediately within the property line of lands designated for noise-sensitive land uses. N3C. Require acoustical analysis of new nonresidential land uses and the expansion of existing nonresidential land uses if likely to produce noise levels exceeding the performance standards of Table 5-5 within the property line of existing or planned noise-sensitive uses. N3D. Limit the siting of loading and shipping facilities for commercial and industrial land uses adjacent to residential parcels,whenever practicable. N3E. Require that parking areas for commercial and industrial land uses be set back from adjacent residential areas to the maximum extent feasible or buffered and shielded by walls,fences,berms,and/or landscape. N3F. Require that parking structures serving commercial or industrial land uses be designed to minimize the potential noise impacts both on site and on adjacent properties. Design measures may include the use of materials that mitigate sound transmission and the configuration of interior spaces to minimize sound amplification and transmission. N3G. Encourage existing major fixed noise sources throughout the City of Redding to voluntarily install additional noise-buffering or reduction mechanisms within their facilities to reduce noise impacts to the lowest level practicable. The following General Plan policies address noise impacts from existing industrial and other fixed noise sources at new noise-sensitive uses. N3A. Prohibit the development of noise-sensitive uses where the noise level due to nontransportation sources will exceed the noise-level standards of Table 5-5 as measured immediately within the property line of the new development,unless effective noise-mitigation measures have been incorporated into the development design to achieve the standards specified in Table 5-5. N3C. Require acoustical analysis of new nonresidential land uses and the expansion of existing nonresidential land uses if likely to produce noise levels exceeding the performance standards of Table 5-5 within the property line of existing or planned noise-sensitive uses. N3G. Encourage existing major fixed noise sources throughout the City of Redding to voluntarily install additional noise-buffering or reduction mechanisms within their facilities to reduce noise impacts to the lowest level practicable. N3H. Require the installation of noise-buffering or reduction mechanisms,where appropriate,for major fixed noise sources throughout the City prior to the approval,amendment,and/or issuance of conditional use permits for these facilities. N31. Require residential development projects,newly developed residential areas,and noise-sensitive projects to be responsible for noise mitigations to lessen the impacts from adjacent and nearby industrial uses and urban activities when the following conditions exist: • If,at the time of development,the industrial uses complied with all the noise mitigations based on anticipated noise sources and noise levels. • If,at the time of development,adjacent vacant land is designated for commercial or industrial development. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-34 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety • The noise level measured at the residential property line exceeds the residential noise standards due to the cumulative effect of nearby existing industrial and new industrial noise sources and increased noise levels of urban activities(i.e., traffic, trains,aircraft,etc.) • The industrial use emitting the noise conforms with the land use classification of the General Plan,zoning district,and all conditions of City permits. ► The industrial use has not added additional noise producing equipment or substantially changed its hours of operation from what has been approved by the City. Aircraft Noise Levels The following General Plan policies address noise impacts due to increased airport operations. N2A. Update existing and projected noise contours periodically for all transportation noise sources. N2J. Encourage railroad officials to install mitigation features whenever possible,and instruct railroad engineers to limit their use of air horns to reduce rail-related noise impacts on the community. The following General Plan policies address noise impacts due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. N2A. Update existing and projected noise contours periodically for all transportation noise sources. N2B. Prevent development of new projects which contain noise-sensitive land uses in areas exposed to existing or projected levels of noise from transportation sources which exceed the levels specified in Table 5-4, unless the project design includes effective mitigation measures to reduce exterior noise and noise levels in interior spaces to the levels specified in that table. N2E. Require acoustical analysis for noise-sensitive land uses proposed in areas exposed to existing or projected exterior noise levels exceeding the levels specified in Table 5-4 or the performance standards of Table 5-5 to determine mitigation for inclusion in the project design. Single-family dwellings on existing lots are excluded from this review. N21. Require that development in the vicinity of Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark complies with the noise standards of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for each facility. IMPACTS Overall background noise levels are expected to increase due to new development under the General Plan Diagram. The primary noise source is expected to be increased motor vehicle traffic. Existing residents could experience increases in traffic noise which may be considered significant. Traffic Noise Levels Noise levels due to traffic are expected to occur due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram. Noise impacts may occur due to the construction of new roadways encroaching upon existing noise- sensitive uses. Policies N2B through N2J contained within the Noise Element will reduce noise impacts due to new transportation facilities. Noise impacts may occur due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing or proposed major roadways. Policies N2B and N2E contained within the Noise Element will reduce traffic noise impacts upon new noise-sensitive uses. Overall traffic volumes are expected to increase along existing roadways throughout the City of Redding as a result of growth in the area. Based upon Table 8-4, increases in noise levels along some of these roadways are expected to be significant. The City could implement programs which reduce traffic noise levels at noise-sensitive uses adjacent to roadways experiencing significant increases in traffic noise levels. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8.35 April 19,2000 Chapter 8:Health and Safety Programs for reducing traffic noise levels include the construction of noise barriers,reducing travel speeds, restricting truck traffic and the use of rubberized asphalt when repaving occurs. In some instances this may not be feasible due to economic or aesthetic constraints. Policies N2F, N2G, N2H, and N2J of the General Plan are expected to reduce noise impacts due to the growth-related increases in traffic on existing major roadways. It is anticipated that roadway improvement projects will be required to accommodate buildout of the General Plan. Existing uses may be exposed to increased noise levels associated with roadway improvement projects as a result of increased roadway capacity and increases in travel speeds. It may not be practical to reduce traffic noise levels due to roadway improvement projects to achieve the standards contained within the Noise Element. One measure for determining a significant impact due to a roadway improvement project is to implement Policy N2D. In addition, the City could implement policies such as Policies N2F,N2G,and N2H,which reduce traffic noise levels at noise-sensitive uses adjacent to roadway improvement projects experiencing significant increases in traffic noise levels. These policies include programs for reducing traffic noise levels include the construction of noise barriers,reducing travel speeds, restricting truck traffic, and the use of rubberized asphalt when repaving occurs. However, in some instances, this may not be feasible due to economic or aesthetic constraints. Railroad Noise Levels Noise exposures due to railroad line activities are expected to occur due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram. Noise impacts may occur due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing railroad lines. Policies N2B, N2E, and N2J are expected to reduce noise impacts due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing railroad line operations. Industrial and Other Fixed Noise Sources Noise exposures due to industrial and other fixed noise sources are expected to increase due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram. Noise impacts may occur due to the construction of new industrial and other fixed noise sources which encroach upon existing noise-sensitive uses. Policies N3B through N3G of the Noise Element are expected to reduce noise impacts due to new industrial and other fixed noise sources reduced. Noise impacts may occur due to the construction of new noise-sensitive uses which encroach upon existing industrial and other fixed noise sources. Policies N3A,N3C,and N31 are expected to reduce noise impacts from existing industrial and other fixed noise sources at new noise-sensitive uses. Aircraft Noise Levels Noise exposures from operations at the Redding Municipal Airport and at Benton Airpark are expected to increase due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram, and as a result of the subsequent development of the airports in accordance with their Master Plans. General Plan Policies N2B,N2E,and N21,are expected to reduce noise impacts due to increases in aircraft operations at the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. Compliance with the aforementioned policies would minimize the traffic,railroad,industrial,and aircraft noise impacts associated with development under the General Plan;and,therefore,would be considered less than significant. In addition, the cumulative increase in noise due to the General Plan Diagram is expected to be less than significant. MITIGATION MEASURES No mitigation measures beyond the policies of the General Plan are necessary. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 8-36 April 19,2000 CHAPTER 9 MANDATORY CEQA SECTIONS 9.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter of the EIR addresses several topics that the State CEQA Guidelines requires to be discussed in all EIRs. These include: alternatives, significant irreversible effects, growth-inducing impacts, cumulative impacts, and mitigation monitoring. The State CEQA Guidelines suggest that these subjects are discussed in separate sections or paragraphs,but allows for the inclusion of a table showing where each of the subjects is discussed within the EIR. This chapter combines the two approaches, with separate discussions of each mandatory topic and references to appropriate sections elsewhere in the EIR for elaboration on the discussion included here. 9.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVES The following paragraphs discuss the requirement of State law that EIRs include descriptions of the alternatives to a proposed project that have been considered. The first section describes the general requirements of CEQA and the second section summarizes the directions of the California General Plan Guidelines with respect to the consideration of alternatives in general plan projects. CEQA Guidelines According to the State CEQA Guidelines (as amended March 29, 1999), an EIR "shall describe a range of reasonable alternatives to the project,or to the location of the project,which would feasiblely attain most of the basic objectives of the project but would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project, and evaluate the comparative merits of the alternatives 615126.6)." Following are the directions that the State CEQA Guidelines provides regarding the discussion of alternatives within an EIR. (1) Purpose. Because an EIR must identify ways to mitigate or avoid the significant effects that a project may have on the environment (Public Resources Code §21002.1), the discussion of alternatives shall focus on alternatives to the project or its location which are capable of avoiding or substantially lessening any significant effects of the project, even if these alternatives would impede to some degree the attainment of the project objectives, or would be more costly. (2) Selection of a range of reasonable alternatives. The range of potential alternatives to the proposed project shall include those that could feasibly accomplish most of the basic purposes of the project and could avoid or substantially lessen one or more of the significant effects. The EIR should briefly describe the rationale for selecting the alternatives to be discussed. The EIR should also identify any alternatives that were considered by the lead agency but were rejected as infeasible during the scoping process and briefly explain the reasons underlying the lead agency's determination. Additional information explaining the choice of alternatives may be included in the administrative record. (3) Evaluation of alternatives. The EIR shall include sufficient information about each alternative to allow meaningful evaluation, analysis, and comparison with the proposed project. A matrix Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 9-1 April 19,2000 Chapter 9: Mandatory CEQA Sections displaying the major characteristics and significant environmental effects of each alternative may be used to summarize the comparison. If an alternative would cause one or more significant effects in addition to those that would be caused by the project as proposed,the significant effects of the alternative shall be discussed, but in less detail that the significant effects of the project as proposed(County of Inyo v. City of Los Angeles, 124 Cal.App.3d). (4) "No project" alternative. The specific alternative of "no project" shall also be evaluated along with its impact. The "no project" analysis shall discuss the existing conditions, as well as what would be reasonable expected to occur in the foreseeable future if the project were not approved, based on current plans and consistent with available infrastructure and community services. If the environmentally superior alternative is the"no project"alternative,the EIR shall also identify an environmentally superior alternative among the other alternatives... (5) Rule of reason. The range of alternatives required in an EIR is governed by a "rule of reason" that requires the EIR to set forth only those alternatives necessary to permit a reasoned choice. The alternatives shall be limited to ones that would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project. Of those alternatives,the EIR need examine in detail only the ones that the lead agency determines could feasiblely attain most of the basic objectives of the project. The range of feasible alternatives shall be selected and discussed in a manner to foster meaningful public participation and informed decision making. General Plan Guidelines The 1999 General Plan Guidelines discusses the nature of alternatives in the General Plan update process as follows: For any set of goals and objectives,there will be a number of possible courses of action a community may pursue. Alternative plan proposals should be developed and examined at this stage to enable a community to weigh its possible directions. Besides the goals and objectives,the varying plans should contain alternative sets of principles,policies, standards, and plan proposals . . . The nature and detail of the alternatives will depend upon the extent of the planning program. For new general plans and comprehensive general plan revisions,the alternatives may focus on population levels and on the scale, location, and type of development. The alternatives in a more limited planning program, such as for a single element, may deal with a narrower range of options . . . The alternatives need not be mutually exclusive. Ultimately, the decision makers may select an amalgamation of two or more alternatives as the best choice. 9.3 SELECTION OF GENERAL PLAN ALTERNATIVES As a practical matter, because of the comprehensive nature of the general plan, the policy and program alternatives that could conceivably be combined with these land use alternatives are infinite. For most policies in the plan,there is at least one alternative, and for many,if not most,individual parcels of land, there is at least one feasible alternative land use designation. The evaluation of the impacts of all these alternatives and their many combinations is simply not feasible or useful. For purposes of satisfying the spirit of CEQA's requirement to address alternatives,this EIR identifies feasible alternatives,focusing on land use alternatives for those areas where the General Plan proposes major changes in planned land use and in those areas where the General Plan has been identified as having the greatest environmental impact. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 9-2 April 19,2000 Chapter 9: Mandatory CEQA Sections As part of the General Plan Update process, an Issues and Alternatives Report was prepared and issued on May 5, 1997. This report identified the most critical issues to be addressed in the General Plan. This report was divided into two parts. Part 1 presented a discussion of key land use and related issues facing the City now and into the future. Part 2 provided four land use plan alternatives, each representing a distinct way in which the community could grow. These alternatives were analyzed qualitatively according to the following categories: • Land Use and Urban Form; • Transportation and Circulation; • Public Safety Services; • Law enforcement; • Public Facilities and Services; • Natural resources; • Air Quality; and • Fiscal Impacts. Through numerous Task Force meetings during 1997 and 1998, City Staff and the General Plan Task Force reviewed the alternatives presented in the Issues and Alternatives Report and developed the proposed project for the General Plan. Following is a description of four alternatives to the proposed General Plan: 1. Alternative 1 -Existing General Plan Alternative(No Project). This alternative assumes the City would not adopt a new General Plan but would continue to rely on the existing General Plan. This would have a lower population and employment growth than under the General Plan. 2. Alternative 2 - No Development(No Project). This alternative assumes no new development in Redding beyond what is currently built,essentially placing a moratorium on any future development. 3. Alternative 3-Limited Geographic Growth Alternative. This alternative limits urban development to within the Primary Urban Growth Area. This alternative would eliminate the Secondary Growth Areas on the east and west sides of the Redding city limits. This alternative would have a lower population and employment growth than under the General Plan. 4. Alternative 4-Environmental Superior Alternative. This alternative reduces the holding capacity of the urban area by limiting growth to within the Redding city limits. This alternative essentially restricts urban development within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. By reducing the geographic area for which growth can occur and lowering the population and employment growth, this alternative would substantially reduce the significant environmental impacts associated with any new development in the city of Redding. These impacts include the conversion of viable agricultural lands to urban uses and short-term and long-term air quality degradation. 9.4 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES This EIR examines four alternatives, in addition to the "proposed project," which is the General Plan. Table 9-1 compares the alternatives in terms of impacts in the following areas: land use considerations, agricultural land conversion,visual resources,transportation,public services and facilities,hydrology and water quality, biological resources, air quality, cultural resources, nosie, and geology and soils. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 9-3 April 19,2000 • Chapter 9: Mandatory CEQA Sections L a) u v v a co,V E . er 0 : 0'•.. H ' N V—, d- UW •' N a. > co N 00 b •. 0 v E 0 ' q 'p- v , p . N e0 0• 0 OCT. 00 a '0 0..q V <U •C U b as q 0 w e+1 en - q v ?` u . > w N - '-� u • M III Q, E Q a 00es es E q a, a o.w ,a a ..., t! 1y7 N 0 m N O ti MI y : a •L. aq o ,,v 0 ; o u o > Q re ., ea ee o.:.0 [L 0 n. 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K a C v O cs a. v OD- • z . a .[ a o -c ° v n..- -C � :� 4 -5 a•E C7 0 a 0 0 eo CI 0.10 U ›.% •r Cn a, Cn E 0 es x 0 o X z Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 9-12 April 19,2000 Chapter 9: Mandatory CEQA Sections 9.5 SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE EFFECTS CEQA requires that EIRs describe any significant irreversible environmental changes that would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented. Use of nonrenewable resources during the initial and continued phases of the project may be irreversible since a large commitment of such resources makes removal or nonuse thereafter unlikely. Primary impacts and,particularly, secondary impacts (such as roadway improvement which provides access to a previously inaccessible area) generally commit future generations to similar uses. Also, irreversible damage can result from environmental accidents associated with new development that would be permitted under the General Plan. 9.6 GROWTH-INDUCING IMPACTS CEQA requires that EIRs address the growth-inducing impact of the proposed action. The State CEQA Guidelines requires that EIRs discuss the ways in which a proposed project could foster economic or population growth, or the construction of additional housing, either directly or indirectly, in the surrounding environment. Included in this are projects which would remove obstacles to population growth (a major expansion of a wastewater treatment plant might, for example, allow for more construction in service areas). Increases in the population may further tax existing community service facilities so consideration must be given to this impact. The State CEQA Guidelines also calls for EIRs to discuss the characteristic of some projects that may encourage and facilitate other activities that could significantly affect the environment, either individually or cumulatively. It must not be assumed that growth in any area is necessarily beneficial, detrimental, or of little significance to the environment. Arguably, any general plan that designates undeveloped land for future development can be defined as "growth-inducing." Since one of Reddings'objectives in updating its General Plan is to transform from a relatively self-contained,mid-sized city,to a regional urban center,the General Plan is growth-inducing, particularly with respect to areas designated for new development. In promoting such development and accommodating such growth, the General Plan, however, attempts to address the potentially adverse implications through policies, programs, and proposals for adequate infrastructure, promotion of a reasonable balance between jobs and housing, and protection of environmentally-sensitive resources. 9.7 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS The State CEQA Guidelines requires a discussion of the potential cumulative impacts that could result from a proposed project in conjunction with other projects in the vicinity. Cumulative impacts occur when two ro more individual effects together create a significant environmental impact, or if they compound or increase other environmental impacts. Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant projects taking place simultaneously or over time. As a practical matter,an EIR on a comprehensive general plan is an assessment of the cumulative impacts of development within the area covered by the plan. The impact analyses contained in this EIR are, in effect,cumulative analyses because they examine the cumulative effects of growth over the next 20 years in Redding. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 9-13 April 19,2000 Chapter 9: Mandatory CEQA Sections Land Use and Agricultural Resources Any loss of prime farmland is considered to be a cumulative impact. Within the Redding urban area, important farmlands comprise 7.1 percent of total land,and a part of this land will be converted for other uses. Conversion of prime farmland is considered a significant and unavoidable impact and,thus,there are no mitigation measures available to reduce the loss to a less-than-significant level. Traffic The cumulative impact analysis is implicit in Chapter 4 of this EIR. There will be several roadway segments and intersections at the end of the General Plan time horizon that will have unacceptable levels of service. Anticipated development under the General Plan will result in traffic impacts that are considered significant. Air Quality The cumulative impact analysis for air quality is contained in Chapter 8 of this EIR. There are three significant air quality impacts associated with anticipated population growth in the urban area. Firstly, vehicular, area, and stationary sources associated with population increases will add to the emissions burden at a time when substantial reductions in current emissions will be needed if the State ambient air quality standards are to be met. Secondly, sometime between 2010 and 2020 increases vehicle use associated with population increases in Redding and the region will reverse the current trend of gradual reduction in countywide No. emissions. Thirdly, PM10 emissions associated with vehicle use will be increasing each year through the year 2020. Natural Environment Development of vacant land under the General Plan would adversely affect fisheries and would eliminate a substantial amount of habitat for wildlife,including ten plant species listed in Table 9-3 of the General Plan Background Report. Species decline is a regional,statewide,and potentially nationwide problem and is thus considered cumulative in nature. Specific impacts include loss of breeding and foraging habitat,degradation of wildlife habitat and fisheries through siltation and sedimentation, direct loss of species through construction activities, displacement of wildlife,and disturbance to wildlife breeding activities. Additionally,there will be adverse impacts to sensitive habitats such as riparian woodland,vernal pools,aquatic habitats,and other wetlands and waters of the United States. 9.8 MITIGATION MONITORING CEQA prohibits a public agency from approving or carrying out a project for which an environmental impact report identifies significant environmental effects, unless one of specified findings relative to mitigation of those effects has been made. Section 21081.6 of the State of California's Public Resources Code states that when an agency approves a project subject to implementing mitigation measures (in an EIR or Negative Declaration),the public agency must adopt a reporting or monitoring program for the changes to the project which it has adopted or made a condition of project approval in order to mitigate or avoid significant effects on the environment. The policies and programs of the General Plan Policy Document operate to mitigate most of the impacts of new development under the Plan. The City must annually review the General Plan Policy Document. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 9-14 April 19,2000 Chapter 9: Mandatory CEQA Sections As stated in the following policy, this review shall be used to satisfy the requirements for a mitigation monitoring program. CDD22A. The Planning Commission shall review the General Plan annually,focusing principally on actions undertaken in the previous year to carry out the implementation programs of the Plan. The Planning Commission's report to the City Council shall include, as the Commission deems appropriate,recommendations for amendments to the General Plan. This review shall also be used to satisfy the requirements of Public Resources Code 21081.6 for a mitigating monitoring program. Redding Public Hearing General Plan Draft EIR 9-15 April 19,2000 APPENDIX A NOTICE OF PREPARATION APPENDIX "J" City of Redding Notice of Preparation To: State Clearinghouse From: City of Redding 1400 Tenth Street 760 Parkview Avenue Sacramento CA 95814 Redding, CA 96001 Subject: Notice of Preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Report The City of Redding will be the Lead Agency and will prepare an environmental impact report for the project identified below. We need to know the views of your agency as to the scope and content of the environmental information which is germane to your agency's statutory responsibilities in connection with the proposed project. Your agency will need to use the EIR prepared by our agency when considering your permit or other approval for the project. The project description, location, and the potential environmental effects are contained in the attached materials. A copy of the Initial Study (_is X is not) attached. Due to the time limits mandated by State law,your response must be sent at the earliest possible date but not later than 30 days after receipt of this notice. Please send your response to Kent Manuel at the address shown above. We will need the name for a contact person in your agency. Project Title: City of Redding—General Plan Update Project Applicant: City of Redding Date 8-3-98 Signature ZulutrtaAcuiel Jerry H. Swanson Title Development Services Director Telephone 530-225-4020 Reference:California Code of Regulations,Title 14,(CEQA Guidelines)Sections 15082(a), 15103, 15373. 8-3-98 GP\NOP-EIR.GP AIM CITY OF REDDING DRAFT GENERAL PLAN EIR NOTICE OF PREPARATION PROJECT DESCRIPTION The subject of the Draft Environmental Impact Report is a comprehensive update of the City of Redding General Plan. Following is information regarding the project background, location, characteristics of the plan, and possible impacts of the plan to be assessed in the Draft EIR. Project Background The City's existing General Plan includes several separate elements adopted over the last 28 years. The current Land Use Element was adopted in 1992; numerous area plans and specific plans have also been adopted. All area and specific plans with the exception of the Redding Municipal Airport Area Plan and the Redding Riverfront Specific Plan will be superseded by the update General Plan. The City of Redding initiated its General Plan Update program in the fall of 1995, when it retained a multidisciplinary consulting team headed by J. Laurence Mintier& Associates to assist the City in;ts comprehensive update effort. The consultants have interviewed City officials,and the General Plan Task Force held four town hall meetings to identify issues of concern. The City published a Draft Background Report describing existing conditions and trends in Redding in June 1996. The next major step in the update process was preparation of the Issues and Alternatives Report. The purpose of this report was to solicit direction from the Task Force concerning major issues to be addressed in the updated General Plan. The Task Force provided direction after a joint meeting with the Planning Commission and City Council. This direction serves as the policy framework for drafting the new General Plan. Six State-mandated elements of the general plan will be included in the new General Plan (Policy Document and Background Report): (1) Land Use Element, (2) Circulation Element, (3) Safety Element, (4)Noise Element, (5)Open Space Element,and(6)Conservation Element. The seventh mandatory element, the Housing Element, was adopted in August 1992 to meet specific statutory deadline requirements. This document need not be revised until June 30,2001. The City has also adopted an Air Quality Element which will not be part of the update process. The following General Plan documents will be superseded upon adoption of the new General Plan: 1. Conservation and Open Space Element, adopted 1985 2. Scenic Route Element, adopted 1975 3. Land Use Element, adopted 1992 4. Noise Element, adopted 1985 5. Safety Element, adopted 1984 6. Circulation Element, adopted 1985 7. Recreation Element, adopted 1985 The Draft General Plan Background Report has been prepared to provide the factual foundation for new general plan policy and to serve as the environmental setting for the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for this project. The Draft General Plan Background Report includes chapters addressing 11 subject areas:land use;community form;population;economic conditions;fiscal and City of Redding Draft General Plan EIR Notice of Preparation 1 July 22. 1998 budgetary conditions; transportation and circulation; public facilities and services; recreational. archaeological,and historic resources;natural resources and air quality;health and safety;and noise. Project Location The City of Redding is located in Shasta County in Northern California. It lies approximately 100 miles south of the Oregon border on Interstate 5 and 160 miles north of Sacramento. Redding is bisected by the Sacramento River,which flows south to Sacramento and then eventually into San Francisco Bay. Situated at the northern end of the Sacramento Valley, Redding is the largest city in Shasta County with a 1995 population of approximately 79,000 and is also the county seat. As of May 1996, Redding encompasses approximately 59 square miles, or 37,760 acres, of incorporated territory. The sphere of influence includes another 32,640 acres of unincorporated area, some of it developed with urban uses. The Planning Area established for the Draft General Plan encompasses approximately 74,500 acres, including all territory within Redding's existing sphere of influence plus an expanded area to the south, known,as the "Churn Creek Bottom," that is currently unincorporated County territory. Figure 1-1 shows the current city limits and sphere of influence and the Planning Area for the Draft General Plan. Project Characteristics Adoption of a new General Plan is intended to accomplish the following: • Update and provide internally consistent general plan goals, policies, and implementation measures. • Provide a comprehensive environmental assessment of impacts associated with growth and define appropriate mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate significant effects. The Redding General Plan includes a Planning Area large enough to accommodate expected population and employment growth through the year 2050. As of January 1996,the City of Redding had a population of approximately 79,000 according to California Department of Finance estimates. Approximately 10,000 persons resided in unincorporated areas of the city's Planning Area. Current estimates provided by the City of Redding suggest a year 2020 population in Redding of 117,500. The Draft General Plan will provide for the phasing of development,directing development to occur within the existing city limits. However,as land supplies diminish,the Draft Plan will also provide for continued growth within the existing sphere of influence by encouraging annexation of additional lands and constructing necessary infrastructure. The Draft General Plan will provide for new residential, commercial, office, and industrial development to accommodate demand over the next 20-50 years. The Draft Plan provides incentives for new residential neighborhoods to be master-planned in large areas with a mix of single-family and multiple-family housing and supporting neighborhood commercial,parks,schools, and institutional uses. Major new commercial development will be accommodated on the east side of I-5 at Oasis Road. The Draft General Plan will also designate new industrial development along Airport Road and increased commercial intensities and residential densities in the Downtown core. More modest City of Redding Draft General Plan EIR Notice of Preparation 2 July 22, 1998 I � expansion of industrial development will be designated in the south central portion of the Planning Area adjacent to State Route 273. Tables 1 and 2 provide information regarding population and commercial/industrial activity at plan buildout. Possible Impacts The Draft EIR is to be prepared on the Draft General Plan to assess the cumulative impacts of growth and public facility and service requirements to serve projected growth. Pursuant to Section 15060(C) of the State CEQA Guidelines,the city determined that an EIR was required for the Draft General Plan and therefore it was not necessary to prepare an initial study or checklist for this project. Development that would be accommodated under the Draft General Plan might result in adverse environmental impacts. The General Plan's policies and implementation programs are intended to substantially reduce the plan's impacts. The Draft EIR will assess the following possible effects of the Draft General Plan: Land Use,Housing, and Population:Assessment of the impacts of proposed land use changes on land use,housing,and population and analysis of consistency with local,regional,and Federal land use plans and policies. Transportation: Assessment of impacts on transportation, including traffic, transit services and facilities,rail services and facilities,and airport facilities and services,and an analysis of the plan's consistency with the Regional Transportation Plan and Congestion Management Plan. Possible impacts of the General Plan include generation of substantial additional vehicle trips which may have a substantial impact on existing transportation systems, including various State and Federal facilities. Natural Environment,Agriculture,and Safety: Assessment of impacts on the natural environment, agriculture,and safety concerns,including the following: water resources;agricultural land;wildlife habitat areas; special-status species; air quality; and safety issues, including seismic and geologic conditions, wildland and urban fire potential, and flooding. Likely impacts of the General Plan include the conversion of agricultural land to urban/suburban development. This conversion is assumed to be irreversible and will therefore result in the permanent loss in agricultural and open- space resources. It is also anticipated that development under the Draft General Plan will result in air pollutant emissions,including ozone,particulate matter(PM10),and possibly carbon monoxide, which could lead to a deterioration in ambient air quality. Noise:Identification and evaluation of future noise levels resulting from traffic,rail operations,and aircraft. Potential impacts of the General Plan include increased noise levels on existing roadways that may result in increased noise exposure for existing noise-sensitive uses. Mandatory CEQA Sections: Discussion of mandatory CEQA sections, including analysis of alternatives, significant irreversible effects, growth-inducing impacts, and cumulative impacts. 7-22-98 GP\NOP-EIR-Attchmnt.GP City of Redding Draft General Plan EIR Notice of Preparation 3 July 21, 1998 MI — 1 1 1 ----- 1 ,`� • as 1 I • . I 1 = 1 _: .-a I .4-....---------- //� OSHASTA pip - 1 (� _ 1 � 32_ COLLEGE 1 5R 299 E • _ 1 •♦ ___, —iii .- 41 - ri Vii:: • =-_ _=- •• '-- , • SR 2ppw t�- -� = b.— • • e —'—sem 2 1 - _,.=--,__=-_,W_--_ ,, £1_>,,7____ tee • =mcg .. =---t.- — e; s=� • 1 .sem_:— icy—__ d.. • -- / _== .- -7-4:!- -- -;art: :7- --� / — —_ =— �� o � :� 1 eaaaa� _ { 1Sab. >. - 1 a� --,1.:- -' _ r 1 ____=_________-,-_____,__-_—.„, we! .--li -_: . . _,,_ ,.:r , . ,,, _ .__, , ..o, :,.__-__ ,„.. , :.,,,, ,!kik -- GtEAR 40.■ .0. ♦ ;.sa •` �`\ _ • AN ISI ♦♦ r� `f s\ • IP,i 46 -..W.- ‘21; \ ':1.--.'-':: ill1 LEGEND '♦♦ `• •• A \ .• • ♦ 1 REDOING CITY LIMITS •• • ''�J • i_t--* . . ,-:77.-72,---,:-: ' J / •N. \ •'-.��:4 -/ INE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE la cr� Mom PLANNING AREA s D:\ACAO\DLM\GP 1-1 DATE: JANUARY 1996 CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN SOURCE: lilt CITY OF REDDING, DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPT. FIGURE 1-1 PLANNING AREA, SPHERE OF INFLUENCE, CITY OMITS O 1 2 3 MILES Table 1 General Plan Holding Capacity Residential Land Uses ................................................. g Assttm�ed Typical .and Use Dest nattarts Acres Dwelling Units P ulattort `` Iter:dgi tial'I :cnsitp RESIDENTIAL(dwelling unit per acre ldu/al) 1 du/5 ac 1 du/5 ac 8,919 1,784 4,549 1 du/1 to 5 ac 1 du/2.5 ac 9,898 3,959 10,096 1-2 du/a 1.5 du/a 2,462 3,693 9,417 2-3.5 du/a 2.75 du/a 11,433 31,441 80,174 3.5-6 du/a 4.75 du/a 2,290 10,878 27,738 6-10 du/a 8 du/a 1,665 13,320 33,966 10-20 du/a 15 du/a 985 14,775 37,676 20-30 du/a 25 du/a 33 825 2,104 OTA L N/A 37,6#,5 .: 80,675 : 205.72 'Assumes an average of 2.55 persons per dwelling unit. NOTE: Development of mixed-use projects within the"Mixed Use Overlay"Districts and in the Downtown area would increase the build-out population by approximately 10,000 to 15,000 persons. GP\NOP-EI R-Attchmnt.GP IIII am. Table 2 General Plan Holding Capacity Nonresidential Land Uses l iasimum 711111111111•11111111111111:111 _...>_<:>:>: . tial::......_.... '.;. <::<'`:> f reit 3C]:s ::*.ii diaii ns::::>:::.:. 0.4.i mUlnd s IKlotir ::::;;::>td!04ifii 4us:>:::>::. 4.-i.es l i .iittUl i ktts sure COMMERCIAL Limited Office .35 .20 144 1,255 General Office .45 .35 611 9,315 SUBTOTAL 755 10,570 Neighborhood Commercial .30 .25 78 849 Shopping Center .30 .25 217 2,363 Regional Commercial . .30 .25 112 1,220 General Commercial .30 .25 1,273 13,863 Mixed Use Core 1.50 1.00 115 5,009 Visitor Commercial .30 .25 62 675 SUBTOTAL 1,857 23,979 HEAVY COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL Heavy Commercial .35 .30 1,094 14,297 Light Industrial' .40' .30 1,482 19,367 General Industrial' .50' .40 2,034 35,440 Business Park .40 .30 938 12,258 SUBTOTAL 5;548 81,322 OTHER Airport Service .40 .30 1,233 Pub. Facilities/Institutional .40 .35 2,965 Greenway N/A N/A 20,475 N/A Park N/A N/A 957 N/A Recreation N/A N/A 112 N/A >:::::::: .:i a iiii:iE:>::::>E:E:>E::``.: i::::> ' Maximum Floor Area Ratio(FAR)of.60 allowed for low employment industries(e.g.,warehousing,wholesaling,or distribution). 2 Based on expected typical floor area ratios. 3 Uses do not lend themselves to estimation since most properties will not fully develop or will remain undeveloped. GP\NOP-EIR-Attchmnt.GP APPENDIX B YEAR 2020 TRAFFIC PROJECTIONS APPENDIX B YEAR 2020 TRAFFIC PROJECTIONS INTRODUCTION For the purpose of evaluating the traffic impacts associated with the General Plan, a base 2020 street network was assumed. This 2020 network represents the existing street system and improvements approved for funding by the Regional Transportation Planning Agency(RTPA)of Shasta County action plan for street and highways. Growth projections used in this study are based on the projections in Table B-1. TABLE B-1 SUMMARY OF POPULATION GROWTH 1999 -2020 FOR STUDY AREA Category 1999 2020 1994-2020 Population 90,446 120,595 30,149 Dwelling Units 35,469 47,292 11,823 Persons per Household (pph) 2.36 2.36 N/A Growth Rate 1.60 1.60 N/A (1) Source: City of Redding Population Forecast to Year 2020 ROAD SEGMENT ANALYSIS The base "2020 Network" is defined as the existing year 2000 street system with the proposed Regional Transportation Planning Agency road extension or widening projects approved for implementation prior to year 2020. These road segment projects are listed in Table B-2. TABLE B-2 ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS Project Roadway Limits Improvements No. 1. Cypress Avenue Market St-Hartnell Ave Widen to 6-lanes 2. Westside Road at Railroad Avenue Realignment South of Buenaventura Blvd. 3. Knighton Road Churn Creek Rd-Airport Road New 2-lane Road 4. Shasta View Drive Galaxy Way to Saturn Skyway New 2-lane Road 5. SR44/I-5 On Ramp Hilltop Drive to Dana Drive at New on-ramp,Widening of Hilltop EB I-5 Ramp to SR 299E Dr., signal revision B-1 TABLE B-2 ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS Circulation Revision of One- Shasta St. extended to Court St. 6. Downtown Redding Way Streets Eureka Way&Tehama St. Revised for two-way travel 7. SR 44 Airport Road to Deschutes Road Widen Expressway to 4-lane Freeway To determine roadway Level of Service(LOS)for the base 2020 network,Table B-3 was prepared. Table B-3 identifies LOS for segments of roads in the study area. The methodology used to determine LOS is briefly described in Chapter 4 of the DEIR. Roadway segment need is defined as those improvements proposed to maintain acceptable level of service as defined in the General Plan. Under the assumptions made by the City's traffic demand model, several roadway segments would fall below acceptable levels of service by the year 2020. Those roadway segments are noted below as are the proposed improvements needed to mitigate the impact: 1. Interstate 5 - Knighton Road/SR 299E/E—The projected level of service on Lake Boulevard is between D and E. This level of service suggest that freeway lane additions may be warranted or at least a plan for longer ramp and weaving lanes.The extension of north-south arterial roadways that parallel I-5 and/or widening them to 4-lanes could reduce cross-town travel via I-5 and mitigate freeway level of service problems. Additional traffic study is necessary to identify alternatives.Lane additions that create 4-lane roadways on Churn Creek Road, Victor Avenue, Shasta View Drive and Old Oregon Trail may serve the Redding plan area better than expensive freeway lane additions. 2. State Route 273 -Riverside Drive to E.Lake Boulevard-The projected level of service E suggests that widening of the arterial to a 6-lane facility may be required or some form of access control to allow better peak hour traffic flow conditions. 3. State Route 299E -Auditorium Drive to Interstate 5 -A level of service D is indicated. There is a need to provide weaving lanes between existing ramps. 4. Airport Road- Old 44 Highway to Knighton Road-This expressway needs widening to 4-lanes to handle anticipated planned growth. 5. Cypress Avenue-Athens to Hilltop Drive-This 6-lane arterial will continue to experience peak hour problems because it cannot be widened within existing right of way. The interchange at I-5 will require revision or a method to detour traffic off the corridor. The Industrial Street over- crossing between Hilltop Drive and N. Bechelli Lane is recommended in a recent traffic study to resolve interchange traffic congestion.The Parkview Avenue extension across the Sacramento River is recommended to relieve traffic on Cypress Avenue between Athens and Bechelli Lane. 6. Hartnell Avenue - Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive - Widening the road to 4-lanes is the improvement that likely would mitigate level of service D suggested by traffic growth using the existing 2-lane facility. B-2 7. Hilltop Drive -E. Lake Boulevard to Browning Street - This segment will require widening to four lanes to mitigate the no build level of service of"F" on the existing 2-lane facility. 8. Lake Boulevard-Masonic Avenue to Hilltop Drive. This segment of road will experience traffic congestion between closely spaced signals. Peak hour signal timing and lane additions may be required in the short term. 9. Oasis Road- Cascade Boulevard to Gold Hills Drive. The Oasis Road interchange with I-5 will need revision if commercial development occurs. Road widening to a 4-lane expressway with limited access near the interchange may resolve problems. Additional traffic study is required. 10. Placer Street - Airpark Road to Westerly City Limits. The existing 2-lane arterial will need additional lanes in the short term. 11. South Bonnyview Road-Sacramento River to SR 273. This expressway is in need of widening to 4-lanes in the short term. A grade separation at the U.P. tracks is recommended in the long term. TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build�'� Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service STATE HIGHWAYS I-5 Knighton Road to S.Bonnyview Road 4 1 76,800 60,700 0.79 D S.Bonnyview Road to E.Cypress Avenue 4 1 76,800 62,900 0.81 D E.Cypress Avenue to Jct.SR 44 4 1 76,800 61,500 0.80 D Jct.SR 44 to E.Lake Blvd/SR 299E 4 2 76,800 76,000 0.99 E E.Lake Blvd/SR 299E to Twin View 4 1 76,800 61,300 0.80 D Twin View Boulevard to Jct.SR 273 4 1 76,800 44,400 038 B Jct.SR 273 to Oasis Road 6 1 115,200 57,200 0.50 B Oasis Road to Pine Grove Avenue 6 1 115,200 47,500 0.41 B SR 44 I-5 to Hilltop Drive 4 1 76,800 43,300 0.56 B Hilltop Drive to Friendly Lane 4 1 76,800 46,200 0.60 B Friendly Lane to Victor Avenue 4 1 76,800 40,400 0.53 C Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 4 1 76,800 39,300 0.51 B Shasta View Drive to Airport/Oregon Trail 4 1 76,800 30,500 0.40 B Airport/Oregon Trail to E.City Limits 2 3 21,000 27,800 1.32 F SR 273 Canyon Road to Girvan Road 4 3 42,000 26,900 0.66 B Girvan Road to Clear Creek Road 4 3 42,000 28,700 0.68 B Clear Creek Road to Westwood Avenue 4 3 42,000 30,400 0.72 C Westwood Avenue to S.Bonnyview Road 4 3 42,000 34,900 0.83 D S.Bonnyview Road to Branstetter Ln 4 3 42,000 25,200 0.60 A Branstetter Lane to Breslauer Lane 4 3 42,000 27,900 0.66 B Breslauer Lane to Buenaventura Boulevard 4 _ 3 42,000 33,500 0.80 C B-3 TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build(•) Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity 2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service SR 273(continued) 4 5 42,000 22,200 0.53 A Buenaventura Boulevard to Wyndham Lane 4 5 35,200 24,700 0.70 C Wyndham Lane to Angelo Avenue 4 5 35,200 19,800 0.56 A Angelo Avenue to Parkview Avenue 4 4 35,200 22,400 0.63 A Parkview Avenue to Cypress Avenue 3 7 (1) Market St at Diagonal to California St One-Way Couplet-Southbound 3 7 (1) California Street at Trinity to Tehama Street 3 7 (1) California Street at Tehama Street to Placer Street 3 7 (1) California Street at Placer St to South Street 3 7 (1) California Street at South Street to Gold Street 3 7 (1) Gold Street at California to Market Street 3 7 (1) Market St at Gold St to Cypress Ave 3 7 (1) Pine Street at Cypress to South Street One-Way Couplet-Northbound 3 7 (1) Pine Street at South Street to Placer Street 3 7 (1) Pine Street at Placer Street to Tehama Street 3 7 (1) Pine Street at Tehama Street to Shasta Street 3 7 (1) Pine Street at Shasta Street to Trinity Street 4 7 (1) Trinity Street at Pine Street to Market Street End One-Way Couplet 4 6 31,600 38,200 1.21 F Trinity Street to Riverside Drive 4 3 42,000 39,800 0.94 E Riverside Drive to Quartz Hill Road 4 5 35,200 37,300 1.06 F Quartz Hill Road to Benton Drive 4 3 42,000 39,200 0.93 E Benton Drive to Lake Boulevard 4 3 42,000 26,400 0.62 B Lake Boulevard to Twin View Boulevard 4 3 42,000 16,300 0.39 A Twin View Boulevard to Caterpillar Road 4 3 42,000 14,000 0.30 A Caterpillar Road to I-5 SR 299E/SR 299W W.City Limits to Buenaventura Boulevard 4 3 42,000 12,500 0.30 A Buenaventura Boulevard to Sunset Terrace 4 4 38,800 12,300 0.32 A Sunset Terrace to Pioneer Drive 4 4 38,800 14,100 0.36 A Pioneer Drive to Walnut Street 4 6 31,600 19,600 0.62 A Walnut Street to Court Street 4 6 31,600 19,600 0.62 B Court Street to California Street 4 6 31,600 19,400 0.58 A Eureka Way to Tehama Street One-Way Couplet Eastbound 3 7 (1) Tehama Street at California to Pine Street 3 7 (1) Tehama St at Pine St to East Street 3 7 (1) Tehama St at East St to Liberty St One-Way Couplet Westbound 3 7 (1) Shasta at Liberty to East Street 3 7 (1) Shasta Street at East to Pine Street 3 7 (1) Pine Street at Shasta to Eureka Way,End One-Way Couplet 3 7 (1) Eureka Way at Pine Street to Market Street 4 4 (1) Liberty Street to Auditorium Drive 4 1 76,800 40,700 0.53 B Auditorium Drive to I-5/SR 44 4 1 76,800 56,000 0.73 D Northbound I-5 Ramp to Churn Creek Road 4 1 76,800 21,600 0.27 A Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 4 1 76,800 16,000 0.21 A Old Oregon Trail to E.City Limits 2 3 21,000 10,300 0.49 B B-4 TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build(4 Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity 2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service CITY OF REDDING THOROUGHFARES Airport Road SR 44 to Hartnell Avenue 2 3 21,000 19,600 0.93 F Hartnell Avenue to Rancho Road 2 4 19,400 18,900 .0.97 F Rancho Road to Knighton Rd. 2 3 21,000 17,900 0.85 E Knighton Road to Meadow View Drive 2 3 21,700 14,500 0.67 B Meadow View Drive to Fig Tree Lane 2 3 21,000 15,000 0.71 C Fig Tree Lane to Dersch Road 2 6 15,800 13,600 0.92 E Alta Mesa Drive Rancho Road to Galaxy 2 8 (2) 4,100 Galaxy to Hartnell Avenue 2 8 (2) 4,600 Angelo Avenue Market Street to Parkview Avenue 2 6 15,800 4,000 0.25 A Athens Avenue Cypress Avenue to Locust Street 2 6 15,800 7,500 0.47 A Locust Street to South Street 2 6 15,800 4,400 0.27 A South Street to Park Marina Drive 2 8 (2) Bechelli Lane Hemsted Avenue to E.Cypress Avenue 2 6 15,800 6,100 0.38 A E.Cypress Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 4 6 31,600 9,400 0.30 A Hartnell Avenue to 3rd Street 4 6 31,600 11,700 0.37 A 3rd Street to Lorna Vista Drive 2 5 17,600 11,000 0.62 B Loma Vista Drive to S.Bonnyview Road 2 5 17,600 9,000 0.51 A Benton Drive N.Market Street to Quartz Hill Road 2 5 17,600 3,500 0.20 A Quartz Hill Road to Riverside Drive 2 4 19,400 12,600 0.64 A Branstetter Lane Market Street to Cedar Road 2 6 15,800 5,900 0.37 A Cedar Road to Texas Springs Road 2 5 17,600 4,700 0.26 A Browning Street Hilltop Drive to E.End 2 8 19,400 3,600 0.18 A Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 2 4 19,400 2,400 0.13 A Friendly Lane to Old Alturas Road 2 4 19,400 1,200 0.10 A Buenaventura Boulevard Eureka Way to Placer Street 2 3 21,000 4,300 0.20 A Placer Street to Canyon Creek Road 2 3 21,000 4,800 0.22 A Canyon Creek Road to Railroad Avenue 2 3 21,000 6,000 0.28 A Railroad Avenue to Market Street 2 3 21,000 17,400 0.83 A Butte Street Continental Street to Sequoia Avenue 2 6 15,800 8,100 0.51 A Sequoia Avenue to Auditorium Drive 2 6 15,800 10,400 0.66 B B-5 TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build 41 Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity 2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service California Street Gold Street to Sonoma Street 2 8 (2) 5,200 Sonoma Street to S.Market Street 2 8 (2) 5,200 Canyon Road W.City Limits to S.Market Street 2 5 17,600 10,000 0.56 A Canyon Creek Road Buenaventura Boulevard to W.End 2 5 17,600 2,200 .12 A Cascade Boulevard Oasis Road to N.City Limits 2 5 17,600 2,700 .13 A Cedar Road Reno Lane to Kenyon Drive 2 6 15,800 2,500 0.16 A Kenyon Drive to Branstetter Lane 2 6 15,800 900 0.10 A Branstetter Lane to S.Market Street 2 6 15,800 500 0.03 A Churn Creek Road Rancho Road to Victor Avenue 2 5 17,600 8,800 0.50 A Victor Avenue to S.Bonnyview Road 2 5 17,600 9,300 0.55 A S.Bonnyview Road to Loma Vista Drive 4 5 31,600 8,700 0.53 A Loma Vista Drive to Shirley Lane 4 6 31,600 9,000 0.28 A Shirley Lane to Hartnell Avenue 4 6 31,600 15,000 0.47 A Hartnell Avenue to E.Cypress Avenue 4 6 31,600 17,000 0.53 A Mistletoe Lane to Dana Drive 4 6 31,600 26,300 0.83 D Dana Drive to Browning Street 4 4 30,800 19,900 0.63 B Browning Street to Canby Road 2 3 21,000 9,500 0.30 A Canby Road to Palacio Drive 2 3 21,000 12,000 0.57 A Palacio Drive to College View Drive 2 3 21,000 11,400 0.54 A College View Drive to Collyer Drive 4 3 42,000 11,500 0.27 A Clear Creek Road S.Market Street to ACID Canal 2 9 25,000 3,200 0.13 A ACID Canal to W.City Limits 2 9 25,000 2,800 0.11 A Continental Street Placer Street to Butte Street 2 8 (2) 5,400 Butte Street to Trinity Street 2 8 (2) 4,800 College View Drive W.End to Churn Creek Road 2 3 21,000 1,000 0.05 A Churn Creek Road to Shasta View Drive 2 4 19,400 3,700 0.19 A Shasta View Drive to Old Oregon Trail 2 4 19,400 3,600 0.18 A Court Street Schley Street to South Street 4 6 31,600 14,500 0.45 A South Street to Placer Street 4 6 31,600 10,600 0.35 A Placer Street to Shasta Street 4 6 31,600 13,600 0.43 A Shasta Street to Eureka Way 4 6 31,600 21,000 0.66 B Eureka Way to Riverside Drive 2 5 17,600 12,700 0.72 C B-6 TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build 4) Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity 2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service Cypress Avenue&E.Cypress Avenue Market Street to Akard Avenue 6 6 47,300 27,300 0.58 A Akard Avenue to Athens Avenue 6 6 47,400 28,000 0.59 A Athens Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 6 6 47,400 43,000 0.91 E Hartnell Avenue to Bechelli Lane 6 6 47,400 31,500 0.66 B Bechelli Lane to SB I-5 ramps 6 6 47,400 42,100 0.89 D SB I-5 ramp to NB I-5 ramp 6 6 47,400 46,500 0.98 E NB I-5 Ramp to Hilltop Drive 6 6 47,400 51,600 1.10 F Hilltop Drive to Larkspur Lane 6 6 47,400 26,000 0.55 A Larkspur Lane to Churn Creek Road 6 6 47,400 27,000 0.57 A Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 4 6 31,600 20,500 0.65 B Victor Avenue to E.end 2 5 17,600 2,600 0.15 A Dana Drive Hilltop Drive to Canby Road 4 6 31,600 16,700 0.52 A Canby Road to Churn Creek Road 4 6 31,600 20,800 0.65 B Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 4 6 31,600 26,000 0.82 D Friendly Lane to Bradford Way 4 6 31,600 13,500 0.43 A Bradford Way to Victor Avenue 4 6 31,600 6,500 0.21 A East Street Cypress Avenue to South Street 2 6 15,800 6,300 0.30 A South Street to Placer Street 4 6 31,600 10,300 0.32 A Placer Street to Tehama Street 4 6 31,600 12,000 0.38 A Tehama Street to Shasta Street 4 6 31,600 9,300 0.29 A Shasta Street to Trinity Street 2 6 15,800 3,700 0.23 A Eastside Road Ellis Street to Wyndham Lane 2 6 15,800 1,500 0.10 A Wyndham Lane to Breslauer Lane 2 6 15,800 1,200 0.10 A Breslauer Lane to Radio Lane 2 6 15,800 5,000 0.31 A Radio Lane to E.Bonnyview Road 2 6 15,800 1,200 0.10 A E.Bonnyview Road to S.Bonnyview Road 2 6 15,800 1,100 0.10 A S.Bonnyview Road to Star Drive 2 6 15,800 4,000 0.25 A Freebridge Street Parkview Avenue to Weldon Street 2 8 (2) 3,900 Girvan Road Eastside Drive to Creekside Drive 2 6 15,800 7,800 0.49 A Hartnell Avenue E.Cypress Avenue to Parkview Avenue 4 6 31,600 17,300 0.54 A Parkview Avenue to Bechelli Lane 4 6 31,600 15,000 0.47 A Bechelli Lane to Churn Creek Road 4 6 31,600 18,200 0.57 A Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 4 6 31,600 17,700 0.56 A Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 2 6 15,800 13,000 0.82 D Shasta View Drive to Goodwater Avenue 2 6 15,800 10,000 0.63 B Goodwater Avenue to Argyle Avenue 2 6 15,800 8,500 0.53 A Argyle Avenue to Airport Road 2 4 19,400 5,100 0.26 A B-7 TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build 4) Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity 2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service Hemsted Drive Hilltop Drive to N.Bechelli Lane 2 6 15,800 0 0.70 E.Cypress Avenue to N.Bechelli Lane 2 6 15,800 2,100 0.33 A Hilltop Drive E.Lake Boulevard to Peppertree Lane 2 6 15,800 16,000 1.01 F Peppertree Lane to Browning Street 2 6 15,800 15,900 1.00 F Browning Street to E.Palisades Avenue 2 6 15,800 20,500 1.29 F Palisades Avenue to Dana Drive 4 6 31,600 25,000 .79 C Dana Drive to SR 44 EB Ramps 4 3 42,000 26,400 .62 B SR 44 EB Ramps to I-5 Off-ramp 4 3 42,000 22,000 .52 A I-5 Off-ramp to Mistletoe Lane 4 5 35,200 20,000 .56 B Mistletoe Lane to Industrial Street 4 6 31,600 16,000 .50 A Industrial Street to Cypress Avenue 4 6 31,600 18,000 .56 A Cypress Avenue to Maraglia Avenue 2 6 15,800 9,100 .57 A Keswick Dam Road E.Lake Boulevard to Quartz Hill Road 2 9 25,000 4,800 0.18 A Quartz Hill Road to Keswick Dam 2 9 25,000 4,300 0.17 A Lake and E.Lake Boulevard N.City Limits to Oasis Road 4 5 35,200 12,300 0.35 A Oasis Road to Keswick Dam Road 4 5 35,200 13,700 0.39 A Keswick Dam Road to Panorama Drive 4 5 35,200 13,500 0.38 A Panorama Drive to Clay Street 4 5 35,200 17,000 0.48 A Clay Street to North Point Drive 4 5 35,200 21,800 0.61 B North Point Drive to Masonic Avenue 4 6 31,600 20,500 0.64 B Masonic Avenue to N.Market Street 4 6 39,500 34,400 0.87 D N.Market Street to Hilltop Drive 4 3 42,000 37,300 0.89 D Hilltop Drive to SB I-5 Ramp 4 3 42,000 24,500 0.58 A Locust Street East Street to Athens Avenue 2 6 15,800 3,000 0.19 A Athens to Park Marina Drive 2 6 15,800 1,000 0.10 A Loma Vista Drive Bechelli Lane to Churn Creek Road 2 8 (2) 1,100 Mistletoe Lane Hilltop Drive to Churn Creek Road 4 6 31,600 7,500 0.23 A Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 2 6 15,800 7,500 0.47 A Oasis Road Lake Boulevard to Beltline Road 2 5 17,600 4,900 0.19 A Beltline Road to Cascade Boulevard 2 5 17,600 5,700 0.33 A Cascade Boulevard to Twin View Boulevard 2 5 17,600 14,300 0.81 D Twin View Boulevard to Gold Hills Drive 2 5 17,600 20,500 1.13 F Gold Hills Drive to Old Oregon Trail 2 5 17,600 16,900 0.95 E B-8 TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build 4) Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity 2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service Old Alturas Road Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 4 6 31,600 10,000 0.84 A Friendly Lane to Shasta View Drive 2 6 15,800 11,700 0.74 C Shasta View Drive to Old Oregon Trail 2 6 15,800 9,200 0.58 A Old Oregon Trail to E.Plan Area Limits 2 9 25,000 4,000 0.16 A Old Oregon Trail SR 44 to Old Highway 44 2 3 21,000 16,000 0.76 C Old Highway 44 to Old Alturas Road 2 6 15,800 8,000 0.51 A Old Alturas Road to College View Drive 2 6 15,800 9,200 0.58 A College View Drive to Collyer Drive 4 3 42,000 19,800 0.47 A Collyer Drive to Oasis Road 2 4 19,400 4,700 0.24 A Oasis Road to Bear Mountain Road 2 4 19,400 9,000 0.46 A Park Marina Drive A Auditorium Drive to SR 299E Ramps 4 3 42,000 10,300 0.24 A SR 299E EB Ramps to Athens Avenue 4 6 31,600 8,500 0.27 A Athens Avenue to South Street 4 6 31,600 8,500 0.27 A South Street to Locust Street 4 6 31,600 7,200 0.22 A Locust Street to Cypress Avenue 2 3 21,000 8,000 0.38 Parkview Avenue S.Market Street to Akard Avenue 4 6 31,600 4,700 0.15 A Akard Avenue to Freebridge Street 4 6 31,600 4,000 0.13 A Placer Street W.City Limits to Wisconsin Avenue 2 3 21,000 7,300 0.35 A Wisconsin Avenue to Buenaventura Boulevard 2 6 15,800 14,300 0.91 F Buenaventura Boulevard to Pleasant Street 2 6 15,800 19,300 1.22 F Pleasant Street to Airpark Road 2 6 15,800 19,300 1.26 F Airpark Road to Court Street 4 6 31,600 19,300 0.61 B Court Street to California Street 4 6 31,600 11,000 0.35 A California Street to Pine Street 4 6 31,600 9,800 0.31 A Pine Street to East Street 4 6 31,600 5,200 0.16 A East Avenue to Athens Avenue 2 6 15,800 7,200 0.46 A Quartz Hill Road Lake Boulevard to Keswick Dam Road 2 4 19,400 1,800 0.10 A Keswick Dam Road to Harlan Drive 2 4 19,400 6,500 0.33 A Harlan Drive to Benton Drive 4 6 31,600 11,000 0.35 A Benton Drive to N.Market Street 4 6 31,600 5,600 0.18 A Radio Lane Eastside Drive to E.Bonnyview Road 2 6 15,800 3,800 0.24 A E.Bonnyview Road to S.Bonnyview Road 2 6 15,800 4,000 0.25 A Railroad Avenue Buenaventura Boulevard to 1,000 feet North 2 6 15,800 11,800 0.74 C 1,000 feet North of Buenaventura Boulevard to Schley Avenue 2 5 17,600 13,100 0.74 C Schley Avenue to South Street 4 6 31,800 15,000 0.47 A B-9 TABLE B-3 2020 ROADWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS Capacity N.Build(4 Roadway/Segment Lanes Class Capacity 2020 V/C Level of ADT Ratio Service Rancho Road Churn Creek Road to Alta Mesa Drive 2 5 17,600 9,600 0.54 A Alta Mesa Drive to Airport Road 2 5 17,600 5,800 0.33 A Shasta View Drive Rancho Road to Skyway 2 3 21,000 2,300 0.11 A Skyway to Hartnell Avenue 2 3 21,000 2,500 0.11 A Hartnell Avenue to SR 44 2 3 21,000 11,000 0.52 A SR 44 to Old Alturas Road 2 6 15,800 8,000 0.50 A Old Alturas Road to College View Drive 2 4 19,400 3,500 0.18 A South Bonnyview Road S.Market Street to Eastside Road 2 3 21,000 17,500 0.83 D Eastside Road to Bechelli Lane 2 3 21,000 22,000 1.05 F Bechelli Lane to SB I-5 Ramp 4 3 42,000 18,300 0.43 A SB I-5 Ramp to NB I-5 Ramp 4 3 42,000 16,600 0.39 A NB I-5 Ramp to Churn Creek Road 4 3 42,000 14,600 0.39 A South Street Court Street to California Street 4 6 31,600 17,200 0.54 A California Street to Pine Street 4 6 31,600 15,000 0.47 A Pine Street to East Street 4 6 31,600 9,700 0.30 A East Street to Athens Avenue 2 6 15,800 4,800 0.30 A Athens Avenue to Park Marina Drive 2 6 15,800 3,200 0.20 A Twin View Boulevard Market to Caterpillar Road 2 6 15,800 5,000 0.31 A Caterpillar Road to Constitution Way 2 4 19,400 14,500 0.74 C Constitution Way to Oasis Road 2 5 17,600 14,100 0.80 C Oasis Road to N.City Limits 2 8 (2) 3,900 Victor Avenue Churn Creek Road to Galaxy Way 2 4 19,400 3,200 0.16 A Galaxy Way to Hartnell Avenue 2 4 19,400 11,000 0.56 A Hartnell Avenue to E.Cypress Avenue 2 5 19,400 10,500 0.54 A E.Cypress Avenue to SR 44 EB Ramp 2 4 19,400 12,000 0.62 A SR 44 EB Ramp to SR 44 WB Ramp 4 5 21,600 15,000 0.70 A SR 44 WB Ramp to Old Alturas Road 2 4 19,400 10,000 0.51 A Westside Road 2 8 (2) 600 Cedar Road to Branstetter Lane 2 8 (2) 600 Kenyon Road to Breslauer Lane 2 8 (2) 1,000 Breslauer Lane to Buenaventura Boulevard (1) One-way street capacity and level of service in downtown Redding determined from the analyses of selected signaled intersections. (2) Collector street capacity and level of service evaluated under selected stop or signaled intersection analyses in Appendix "B." Source: City of Redding,Transportation Division,March 2000. B-10 Intersection Analysis The level of service analysis for intersection is different from the above segment evaluation. To review a selected number of intersections for level of service,the p.m.peak hour movements from the projected 2020 traffic assignments were obtained to identify level of service. Level of service is calculated using the TRB Circular 212 Planning Method. If the intersection is not controlled by a signal, then the methodology in Chapter 10 of the 1985 Highway Capacity Manual is used. Planned traffic signals listed in Table B-4 were included in the base network for purposes of this analysis. TABLE B-4 SHORT TERM TRAFFIC SIGNAL PROJECTS Intersection No. Location Planned Improvement 1. Cypress Ave.at Akard Ave City Hall Entrance 2. Benton Drive at Quartz Hill Rd EIR Requirement 3. Boulder Dr.at E.Lake Blvd County Signal 4. Canby Dr at Dana Dr Mall Expansion Requirement 5. Churn Creek at College View Development Requirement 6. Court St.at Tehama St. CBD Revision 7. Eureka Way at Pine St. CBD Revision 8. Hawley Road at SR 299 WB Ramp 9. Hawley Road at SR 299 EB Ramp 10. Hilltop Dr.at Browning St. TIF Signal 11. I-5 SB Ramp at E.Lake Ramp Signal 12. Lake Blvd.at Keswick Dam New TIF 13. Placer St at Pleasant TIF 14. Shasta View Dr at Tarmac Development requirement B-11 Table B-5 provides the intersection level of service summary based on peak hour, year 2020 conditions. TABLE B-5 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY PM Peak Hour Level of Service 2020 Modeled Conditions Intersection Traffic Control PM Peak North-South St. East-West St. Device Level of Service Airpark Road Placer Street 3-Phase Signal A Airport Road Meadow View Drive 5-Phase Signal B Airport Road Hartnell Avenue 2-Way Stop E/W E Airport Road Rancho Road 2-Way Stop E/W D Airport Road RMA/Knighton Road 2-Way Stop E/W E Airport Road Dersch Road 5-Phase Signal A Akard Avenue-North Leg Cypress Avenue 6-Phase Signal A Alta Mesa Drive Hartnell Avenue 3-Way Stop C Athens Avenue Locust Street 2-Phase Signal A Athens Avenue Cypress Avenue 6-Phase Signal F Auditorium Drive Butte Street 3-Phase Signal A Auditorium Drive W/B SR 299 Ramp 3-Phase Signal A Bechelli Lane E Cypress Avenue 6-Phase Signal D Bechelli Lane Hartnell Avenue 8-Phase Signal A Bechelli Lane Loma Vista Drive 2-Way Stop E/W A Bechelli Lane S Bonnyview Road 6-Phase Signal A Beltline Road Oasis Road 1-Way Stop NB A Benton Drive Quartz Hill Road 2-Phase Signal A Boulder Drive E Lake Boulevard 5-Phase Signal A Buenaventura Boulevard Placer Street 8-Phase Signal A Buenaventura Boulevard Eureka Way 6-Phase Signal A California Street Riverside Drive 1-Way Stop NB A California Street Trinity Street 4-Way Stop A California Street Shasta Street 2-Phase Signal A California Street Tehama Street 3-Phase Signal C California Street Eureka Way 3-Phase Signal B California Street Placer Street 2-Phase Signal A California Street South Street 2-Phase Signal A Canby Drive Dana Drive 6-Phase Signal A Cascade Boulevard Oasis Road 2-Way Stop N/S A Caterpillar Road Twin View Boulevard 1-Way Stop SB A Churn Creek Road S Bonnyview Road 6-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road Knighton Road 3-Way Stop E Churn Creek Road Dana Drive 8-Phase Signal E Churn Creek Road Mistletoe Lane 8-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road Old Alturas Road 6-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road Shirley Lane 6-phase Signal A B-12 TABLE B-5 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY PM Peak Hour Level of Service 2020 Modeled Conditions Intersection Traffic Control PM Peak North-South St. East-West St. Device Level of Service Churn Creek Road Loma Vista Drive 3-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road Hartnell Avenue 8-Phase Signal B Churn Creek Road E Cypress Avenue 8-Phase Signal C Churn Creek Road Shasta Center D/W 3-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road Industrial Street 6-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road Canby/Whistling 5-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road Browning Street 5-Phase Signal A Churn Creek Road College View Drive 6-Phase Signal A Continental Street Placer Street 2-Phase Signal A Continental Street Butte Street 3-Phase Signal C Court Street Tehama Street 3-Phase Signal B Court Street Eureka Way 6-Phase Signal A Court Street Shasta Street 2-Phase Signal A Court Street Placer Street 4-Phase Signal A Court Street South Street 2-Phase Signal A Court Street Schley Street 1-Way Stop NB A East Street South Street 4-Way Stop C East Street Placer Street 2-Phase Signal A East Street Shasta Street 3-Phase Signal A East Street Tehama Street 3-Phase Signal A E Bonnyview Drive S Bonnyview Drive 6-Phase Signal D Eastside Road Wyndham Lane 4-Way Stop A Eastside Road Breslauer Lane 3-Way Stop A Eastside Road S Bonnyview Road 6-Phase Signal A Eastside Road Girvan Road 2-Way Stop W/S A Friendly Lane Dana Drive 6-Phase Signal B Friendly Lane Old Alturas Road 8-Phase Signal A Friendly Lane Browning Street 1-Way Stop N/S A Gold Hills Drive Oasis Road 2-Way Stop N/S C Hartnell Avenue E Cypress Avenue 6-Phase Signal C Hartnell Avenue Parkview Avenue 5-Phase Signal A Hawley Road Collyer Drive 6-Phase Signal A Hawley Road SR 299E EB Ramps 4-Phase Signal A Hawley Road SR 299E WB Ramps 4-Phase Signal A Hilltop Drive E Lake Boulevard 6-Phase Signal B Hilltop Drive Peppertree Lane 1-Way Stop SB B Hilltop Drive Browning Street 5-Phase Signal A Hilltop Drive E Palisades 5-Phase Signal A Hilltop Drive Dana Drive 5-Phase Signal B Hilltop Drive SR 44 EB Ramps 3-Phase Signal B B-13 TABLE B-5 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY PM Peak Hour Level of Service 2020 Modeled Conditions Intersection Traffic Control PM Peak North-South St. East-West St. Device Level of Service Hilltop Drive I-5 Off Ramp 2-Phase Signal A Hilltop Drive Mistletoe Lane 3-Phase Signal A Hilltop Drive Industrial Street 6-Phase Signal E Hilltop Drive E Cypress Avenue 6-Phase Signal A I-5 NB Ramps Knighton Road 3-Phase Signal A I-5 SB Ramps Knighton Road 3-Phase Signal A I-5 NB Ramps S Bonnyview Road 3-Phase Signal A I-5 SB Ramps S Bonnyview Road 3-Phase Signal A I-5 NB Ramps E Cypress Avenue 3-Phase Signal B I-5 SB Ramps E Cypress Avenue 3-Phase Signal D I-5 NB Ramps SR 299E 3-Phase Signal A I-5 SB Ramps SR 299E 3-Phase Signal A I-5 NB Ramps Twin View Boulevard 1-Way Stop B I-5 SB Ramps Twin View Boulevard 1-Way Stop D S NB Ramps Oasis Road 1-Way Stop D I-5 SB Ramps Oasis Road 1-Way Stop B Lake Boulevard Quartz Hill Road 1-Stop EB A Lake Boulevard Oasis Road 3-Phase Signal A Lake Boulevard Keswick Dam Road 5-Phase Signal A Lake Boulevard Panorama Drive 2-Way Stop C Lake Boulevard Clay Street 5-Phase Signal A Lake Boulevard North Point Drive 3-Phase Signal A Lawrence Road Hartnell Avenue 1-Way Stop NB B Masonic Avenue Lake Boulevard 6-Phase Signal F Market Street Canyon Road 3-Phase Signal A Market Street Girvan Road 6-Phase Signal A Market Street Clear Creek Road 1-Way Stop E Market Street Westwood Road 3-Phase Signal C Market Street S Bonnyview Road 6-Phase Signal B Market Street Branstetter Lane 1-Way Stop E Market Street Breslauer Lane 6-Phase Signal C Market Street Buenaventura Boulevard 3-Phase Signal B Market Street Wyndham Lane 3-Phase Signal A Market Street Angelo Avenue 5-Phase Signal A Market Street Parkview Avenue 1-Way Stop WB C Market Street Cypress Avenue 3-Phase Signal B Market Street South Street 2-Phase Signal A Market Street Placer Street 3-Way Stop C Market Street Tehama Street 2-Phase Signal A Market Street Shasta Street 2-Phase Signal C B-14 TABLE B-5 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY PM Peak Hour Level of Service 2020 Modeled Conditions Intersection Traffic Control PM Peak North-South St. East-West St. Device Level of Service Market Street Eureka Way 3-Phase Signal C Market Street Quartz Hill Road 6-Phase Signal C Market Street Lake Boulevard 8-Phase Signal C Market Street Twin View Boulevard 6-Phase Signal C Market Street Caterpillar Road 5-Phase Signal A Market Street Riverside Drive 3-Phase Signal B Market Street Trinity Street 2-Phase Signal C Old Oregon Trail SR 44 EB Ramps 1-Way Stop E Old Oregon Trail SR 44 WB Ramps 1-Way Stop C Old Oregon Trail Old 44 Highway 5-Phase Signal C Old Oregon Trail Old Alturas Road 4-Way Stop B Old Oregon Trail College View Drive 2-Way Stop E/W A Old Oregon Trail SR 299E EB Ramps 3-Phase Signal A Old Oregon Trail SR 299E WB Ramps 1-Way Stop D Old Oregon Trail Collyer Drive 4-Way Stop F Old Oregon Trail Oasis Road 2-Way Stop D Park Marina Drive SR 299E EB Ramps 3-Phase Signal A Park Marina Drive South Street 1-Way Stop EB A Park Marina Drive Locust Street 1-Way Stop EB A Park Marina Drive Parkview Avenue 1-Way Stop EB A Pine Street South Street 2-Phase Signal C Pine Street Placer Street 2-Phase Signal A Pine Street Tehama Street 2-Phase Signal A Pine Street Shasta Street 2-Phase Signal A Pioneer Drive Eureka Way 6-Phase Signal A Pleasant Street Placer Street 6-Phase Signal A Quartz Hill Road Keswick Dam Road 2-Phase Signal A Railroad Avenue Buenaventura Boulevard 6-Phase Signal A Railroad Avenue Schley Street 1-Way Stop SB A Railroad Avenue South Street 1-Way Stop NB B Rancho Road Churn Creek Road 1-Way Stop SB A Sequoia Avenue Butte Street 1-Way Stop NB A Sequoia Avenue Placer Street 1-Way Stop EB A Shasta View Drive Rancho Road 1-Way Stop SB A Shasta View Drive Hartnell Avenue 4-Way Stop F Shasta View Drive SR 44 EB Ramps 1-Way Stop EB A Shasta View Drive SR 44 WB Ramps 1-Way Stop WB B Shasta View Drive Tarmac Road 3-Phase Signal A Shasta View Drive Old Alturas Road 4-Way Stop B Sunridge Drive College View Drive 1-Way Stop NB A B-15 TABLE B-5 INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY PM Peak Hour Level of Service 2020 Modeled Conditions Intersection Traffic Control PM Peak North-South St. East-West St. Device Level of Service Sunset Drive Eureka Way 1-Way Stop SB A Twin View Boulevard Caterpillar Road 2-Phase Signal A Twin View Boulevard Constitution Way 5-Phase Signal A Twin View Boulevard Oasis Road 5-Phase Signal A Victor Avenue Churn Creek Road 1-Way Stop SB A Victor Avenue Hartnell Avenue 8-Phase Signal A Victor Avenue E Cypress Avenue 6-Phase Signal A Victor Avenue Mistletoe Lane 8-Phase Signal A Victor Avenue SR 44 EB Ramps 3-Phase Signal A Victor Avenue SR 44 WB Ramps 3-Phase Signal A Victor Avenue Dana Drive 3-Phase Signal A Victor Avenue Old Alturas Road 3-Phase Signal A Source: City of Redding,Transportation Division,March 2000. B-16 APPENDIX C NOISE APPENDIX C APPENDIX C-1 PREDICTED DISTANCES TO Ldf CONTOURS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS City of Redding Distance to Ldn Contours,feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 60 dB 65 dB 60dB165dB 1 I-5 `Knighton Road to Churn Creek Road 1,666 773 2,065 959 2 I Churn Creek Road to East Cypress Road 1,733 804 2,065 959 0 East Cypress Avenue to SR 44 1,683 781 1,968 914 0 SR 44 to SR 299 1,803 837 2,139 993 0 SR 299 to SR 273 1,487 690 1,812 841 0 I!SR 273 to Oasis Road 1,561 724 1,8801 872 1 'Oasis Road to Pine Grove Avenue 1,385 643 1,743 809 0 SR 44 'I-5 to Churn Creek Road 268 125 355 165 1 Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 289 134 455 211 2 Old Oregon Trail to East Boundary 281 131 316 1 147 3 i SR 273 Canyon Road to Clear Creek Road 284 132 323 1 150 4 I Clear Creek Road to South Bonnyview Road 343 159 367 170 5 I South Bonnyview Road to Railroad Avenue 277 129 351 163 0 'Railroad Avenue to SR 299 215 100 351 163 0 SR 299 West to Del Mar Avenue 350 163 341 158 1 Del Mar Avenue to Lake Blvd. 314 146 334 155 0 Lake Blvd.To I-5 160 74 230 107 1 SR 299 East Boundary to Old Oregon Trail 271 126 284 132 0 Old Oregon Trail to I-5 North 345 160 362 168 0 I-5 to Tehama 539 250 634 294 1 SR 299 Tehama Pine Street to Liberty Street 230 107 234 109 2 SR 299 Shasta Liberty Street to Pine Street 221 102 234 109 SR 299 Eureka 218 101 251 116 3 Way Market Street to Court Street 4 Court Street to Buenaventura 250 116 280 130 5 Buenaventura to West Boundary 337 157 367 170 0 Airport Road SR 44 to Hartnell Avenue 182 84 220 102 1 Hartnell Avenue to Rancho Road 163 76 242 1 112 C-1 APPENDIX C-1 PREDICTED DISTANCES TO La„ CONTOURS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS City of Redding Distance to Ldn Contours,feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB 2 Rancho Road to Meadow View Drive 142 66 214 99 3 Meadow View Drive to Fig Tree Lane 142 66 191 89 4 Fig Tree Lane to Dersh Road 142 66 189 88 5 Alta Mesa Drive Galaxy to Hartnell Avenue 52 24 75 35 6 Angelo Avenue Market Street to Parkview Avenue 66 31 61 28 7 Athens Avenue Cypress Avenue to Locust Street 118 55 118 55 8 Locust Street to South Street 83 38 57 26 9 Bechelli Lane Hemsted to Grove Street 66 31 69 32 10 Grove Street to East Cypress Avenue 66 31 69 32 11 East Cypress Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 112 52 105 49 0 Hartnell Avenue to 3rd Street 137 64 125 58 0 3rd Street to Loma Vista Drive 131 61 105 49 1 Loma Vista Drive to South Bonnyview Road 90 42 91 42 2 I Benton Drive North Market Street to Riverside Drive 1 47 22 163 76 3 Browning Street I Hilltop Drive to Old Alturas Road 49 23 91 I 42 Buenaventura 66 31 81 38 4 Boulevard Eureka Way to Placer Street 5 Placer Street to Canyon Creek Road 47 22 95 44 6 Canyon Creek Road to Railroad Avenue 52 24 75 35 7 Railroad Avenue to Market Street 125 58 152 71 8 Butte Street Continental Street to Sequoia Avenue 79 37 93 43 9 Sequoia Avenue to Auditorium Drive 85 39 108 50 10 California Street Riverside Drive to Trinity Street 57 26 68 31 11 Trinity Street to Eureka Way 118 55 68 31 12 Eureka Way to So.Market Street 98 45 68 31 Continental 62 29 72 33 13 Street Placer Street to Butte Street 14 Butte Street to Trinity Street 47 22 59 27 15 Canyon Road West City Limits to So.Market Street 90 42 100 46 Chum Creek 83 38 98 45 16 Road Rancho Road to Victor Avenue 17 Victor Avenue to South Bonnyview Road 87 40 93 43 18 South Bonnyview Road to Lorna Vista Drive 101 47 121 56 19 Lorna Vista Drive to Shirley Lane 131 61 144 67 C-2 APPENDIX C-1 PREDICTED DISTANCES TO Lb, CONTOURS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS City of Redding Distance to Ldn Contours,feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 60d&65dB 60dR65dB 20 Shirley Lane to Hartnell Avenue 166 77 156 72 21 Hartnell Avenue to East Cypress Avenue 166 77 139 65 22 Mistletoe Lane to Dana Drive 183 85 188 87 23 Dana Drive to Old Alturas Road 131 61 155 72 24 Old Alturas Road to Canby Road 105 49 125 58 25 Canby Road to Palacio Drive 105 49 137 1 64 26 Palacio Drive to College View Drive 105 49 137 64 27 College View Drive to Collyer Drive 87 40 143 67 'Clear Creek 57 26 49 23 28 1 Road South Market Street to ACID Canal College View 29 Drive West End to Old Oregon Trail 47 22 58 27 30 1 Court Street Schley Street to South Street , 118 55 133 62 31 ;South Street to Placer Street 118 55 112 52 32 Placer Street to Shasta Street 137 64 131 61 33 Shasta Street to Riverside 112 52 131 61 Cypress Ave/East 177 82 203 94 34 Cypress Ave Market Street to Akard Avenue • 35 Akard Avenue to Athens Avenue 208 97 205 95 36 Athens Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 260 121 264 123 37 Hartnell Avenue to Bechelli Lane 218 101 198 92 0 Bechelli Lane to Southbound I-5 ramps 255 119 226 105 Southbound I-5 ramps to Northbound I-5 255 119 237 110 0 ramps 0 ! Northbound I-5 ramps to Hilltop Drive 208 97 246 114 1 Hilltop Drive to Larkspur Lane 203 94 198 92 2 Larkspur Lane to Churn Creek Road 1 161 75 166 77 3 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 66 31 143 67 4 Dana Drive Hilltop Drive to Canby Road 118 55 143 67 5 Canby Road to Chum Creek Road 131 61 118 55 6 Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 131 61 169 79 7 Friendly Lane to Bradford Way 75 35 122 56 8 Bradford Way to Victor Avenue 66 31 98 45 C-3 1 APPENDIX C-1 1 PREDICTED DISTANCES TO Ldn CONTOURS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS City of Redding Distance to Ldn Contours,feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 60 dB 65 dB 60dB165dB 9 East Street Cypress Avenue to South Street 73 34 77 36 10 South Street to Placer Street 83 38 112 52 11 I Placer Street to Tehama Street 90 42 105 49 12 Tehama Street to Shasta Road 105 49 98 46 13 I Eastside Road Wyndham Lane to Breslauer Lane 54 25 27 12 14 ' Breslauer Lane to Radio Lane 73 34 59 27 15 Radio Lane to East Bonnyview Road I 60 28 24 11 East Bonnyview Road to South Bonnyview 47 22 23 10 16 Road 17 South Bonnyview Road to Girvan Road I 66 31 43 20 Freebridge 47 22 54 25 18 Street Parkview Avenue to Weldon Street 19 Girvan Road Eastside Road to Creekside Drive 57 26 69 32 Hartnell 143 67 134 62 20 Avenue East Cypress Avenue to Parkview Avenue 21 I Parkview Avenue to Bechelli Lane 118 55 1143 67 22 Bechelli Lane to Churn Creek Road 155 72 146 , 68 23 1 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue j 183 85 152 I 71 24 j Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 137 64 148 69 25 Shasta View Drive to Goodwater Avenue 112 52 103 48 26 Goodwater Avenue to Argyle Avenue 83 38 91 42 27 Argyle Avenue to Airport Road 47 22 60 I 28 28 'Hilltop Drive East Lake Boulevard to Peppertree Lane 118 55 161 I 75 1 29 Peppertree Lane to Browning Street 125 58 170 79 30 j Browning Street to East Palisades Avenue 149 69 155 72 31 East Palisades Avenue to Dana Drive 161 75 172 I 80 0 Dana Drive to SR 44 Eastbound ramps 1 183 85 201 93 0 SR 44 Eastbound ramps to 1-5 Off-ramp 172 80 193 90 0 I-5 Off-ramp to Mistletoe Lane 172 80 177 82 1 Mistletoe Lane to Industrial Street 143 67 115 53 2 Industrial Street to Cypress Avenue 137 64 1107 50 3 Cypress Avenue to Maraglia Avenue ' 105 49 105 49 Lake and East 112 52 121 56 4 Lake Boulevard North City Limits to Oasis Road C-4 APPENDIX C-1 PREDICTED DISTANCES TO La„ CONTOURS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS City of Redding Distance to Ldn Section Roadway Segment Contours,feet 1995 2020 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB 5 Oasis Road to Keswick Dam Road 118 55 131 61 6 Keswick Dam Road to Panorama Drive 143 67 135 63 7 Panorama Drive to Clay Street 149 69 152 71 8 Clay Street to North Point Drive 166 77 177 82 9 North Point Drive to Masonic Avenue 172 80 177 82 10 Masonic Avenue to North Markedt Street 232 108 245 114 11 North Market Street to Hilltop Drive 218 101 218 101 0 Hilltop Drive to Southbound I-5 ramp 166 77 165 77 1 Locust Street East Street to Athens Avenue 47 22 44 20 2 Athens Avenue to Park Marina Drive 57 26 62 29 3 Mistletoe Lane Hilltop Drive to Churn Creek Road 90 42 115 53 4 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 66 31 72 33 North Court 0 0 0 0 5 Street Eureka Way to Quartz Hill Road 6 Oasis Road Lake Boulevard to Beltine Road 57 26 64 30 7 Beltine Road to Cascade Boulevard 47 22 68 31 8 Cascade Boulevard to Twin View Boulevard 75 35 152 71 9 Twin View Boulevard to Gold Hills Drive 66 31 143 67 10 Gold Hills Drive to Old Oregon Trail 57 26 100 46 Old Alturas 83 38 117 54 11 Road Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 12 Friendly Lane to Browning Street 66 31 112 52 13 Browning Street to Victor Avenue 112 52 112 52 14 Vistor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 105 49 112 52 15 Shasta View Drive to Old Oregon Trail 66 31 81 38 16 Old Oregon Trail to East Planning Area Limits 53 25 57 26 Old Oregon 0 Trail SR 44 to Old Highway 44 87 41 151 70 0 Old Highway 44 to Old Alturas Road 62 29 92 43 1 Old Alturas Road to College View Drive 62 29 81 38 2 College View Drive to Collyer Drive 118 55 131 61 3 Collyer Drive to Oasis Road 66 31 85 39 4 Oasis Road to Bear Mountain Road 83 38 98 45 C-5 APPENDIX C-1 PREDICTED DISTANCES TO Ldn CONTOURS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS City of Redding Distance to Ldn Contours,feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB Park Marina 90 42 107 50 0 Drive Auditorium Drive to SR 299E ramps 0 SR 29E Eastbound ramps to Athens Avenue 83 38 92 43 1 Athens Avenue to South Street 125 58 92 43 2 South Street to Locust Street 118 55 82 38 3 Locust Street to Cypress Avenue 66 31 57 26 Parkview 66 31 65 30 4 Avenue South Market Street to Akard Avenue 5 Akard Avenue to Freebridge Street 131 61 65 30 6 Placer Street West City Limits to Buenaventura Boulevard 137 64 134 62 7 Buenaventura Boulevard to Pleasant Street 143 67 172 80 8 Pleasant Street to Airpark Road 118 55 177 82 9 Airpark Road to Court Street 112 52 177 82 10 Court Street to California Street 66 31 115 53 11 California Street to Pine Street 66 31 119 55 12 Pine Street to East Street 101 47 83 38 13 East Street to Sequoia Street 75 35 75 35 Quartz Hill 66 31 112 52 14 Road Harlan Drive to Benton Drive 15 Benton Drive to North Market Street 90 42 72 33 East Bonnyview Road to South Bonnyview 47 22 53 25 16 Radio Lane Road Railroad 87 40 122 57 17 Avenue Buenaventura Blvd.To South Street 18 Rancho Road Churn Creek Road to Alta Mesa Drive 75 35 95 44 19 Alta Mesa Drive to Airport Road 57 26 76 35 Shasta View 0 Drive Hartnell Avenue to SR 44 83 38 119 55 0 ;SR 44 to Old Alturas Road 49 23 70 33 South Bonnyview 183 85 169 79 1 Road South Market Street to Eastside Road 2 Eastside Road to Bechelli Lane 149 69 193 90 0 Bechelli Lane to Southbound I-5 ramp 149 69 183 85 0 Southbound I-5 ramp to Northbound I-5 ramp 125 58 172 80 C-6 APPENDIX C-1 PREDICTED DISTANCES TO Ldn CONTOURS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS City of Redding Distance to Ldn Contours,feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB 0 Northbound I-5 ramp to Churn Creek Road 125 58 155 72 1 South Street Court Street to California Street 118 55 152 70 2 California Street to Market Street 98 45 137 64 3 Market Street to Pine Street 118 55 137 64 4 Pine Street to East Street 83 38 101 47 5 East Street to Athens Avenue 66 31 59 27 6 Athens Avenue to Park Marina Drive 52 24 63 29 Twin View 75 35 96 44 7 Boulevard North Market Street to Caterpillar Road 8 Caterpillar Road to Constitution Way 90 42 121 56 9 Victor Avenue Churn Creek Road to Hartnell Avenue 66 31 112 52 10 Hartnell Avenue to East Cypress Avenue 66 31 115 53 East Cypress Avenue to SR 44 Eastbound 90 42 128 59 0 ramp SR 44 Eastbound ramp to SR 44 Westbound 83 38 142 66 0 ramp 0 SR 44 Westbound ramp to Dana Drive 75 35 128 59 1 Dana Drive to Old Alturas Road 57 26 128 59 2 Kenyon Road to Breslauer Lane 49 23 0 0 3 Breslauer Lane to Buenaventura Boulevard 51 24 0 0 4 Hemsted Drive Hilltop Drive to No.Bechelli Lane 36 17 112 52 5 No. Bechelli to E.Cypress Avenue 36 17 98 45 Source:Brown-Buntin Associates C-7 APPENDIX C-2 PREDICTED TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS Planning Area Lcin,dB,at 100 Feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 Diff. 1 I-5 Knighton Road to Chum Creek Road 78.3 79.7 1.4 2 Churn Creek Road to East Cypress Road 78.6 79.7 1.1 0 East Cypress Avenue to SR 44 78.4 79.4 1.0 0 SR 44 to SR 299 78.8 80.0 1.1 0 SR 299 to SR 273 77.6 78.9 1.3 0 SR 273 to Oasis Road 77.9 79.1 1.2 1 Oasis Road to Pine Grove Avenue 77.1 78.6 1.5 0 SR 44 I-5 to Churn Creek Road 66.4 68.3 1.8 1 Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 66.9 69.9 3.0 2 Old Oregon Trail to East Boundary 66.7 67.5 0.8 3 SR 273 Canyon Road to Clear Creek Road 66.8 67.6 0.8 4 Clear Creek Road to South Bonnyview Road 68.0 68.5 0.4 5 South Bonnyview Road to Railroad Avenue 66.6 68.2 1.5 0 Railroad Avenue to SR 299 65.0 68.2 3.2 0 SR 299 West to Del Mar Avenue 68.2 68.0 -0.2 1 Del Mar Avenue to Lake Blvd. 67.5 67.8 0.4 0 Lake Blvd.To I-5 63.0 65.4 2.4 1 'SR 299 East Boundary to Old Oregon Trail 66.5 66.8 0.3 0 Old Oregon Trail to I-5 North 68.1 68.4 0.3 0 I-5 to Tehama 71.0 72.0 1.1 SR 299 65.4 65.5 0.1 1 Tehama Pine Street to Liberty Street 2 I SR 299 Shasta Liberty Street to Pine Street 65.2 65.5 0.4 SR 299 65.1 66.0 0.9 3 Eureka Way Market Street to Court Street 4 Court Street to Buenaventura 66.0 66.7 0.7 5 Buenaventura to West Boundary 67.9 68.5 0.6 0 Airport Road SR 44 to Hartnell Avenue 63.9 65.1 1.2 1 Hartnell Avenue to Rancho Road 63.2 65.8 2.6 2 Rancho Road to Meadow View Drive 62.3 65.0 2.7 3 Meadow View Drive to Fig Tree Lane 62.3 64.2 1.9 4 Fig Tree Lane to Dersh Road 62.3 64.2 1.9 Alta Mesa 55.8 58.1 2.3 5 Drive Galaxy to Hartnell Avenue C-8 APPENDIX C-2 PREDICTED TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS Planning Area Section Roadway Segment Ldn,dB,at 100 Feet 1995 2020 Diff. Angelo 57.3 56.7 -0.6 6 Avenue Market Street to Parkview Avenue Athens 61.1 61.1 0.0 7 Avenue Cypress Avenue to Locust Street 8 Locust Street to South Street 58.8 56.3 -2.4 9 Bechelli Lane Hemsted to Grove Street 57.3 57.6 0.3 10 Grove Street to East Cypress Avenue 57.3 57.6 0.3 11 East Cypress Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 60.7 60.3 -0.4 0 Hartnell Avenue to 3rd Street 62.1 61.5 I -0.6 0 3rd Street to Loma Vista Drive 61.8 60.3 -1.5 1 Loma Vista Drive to South Bonnyview Road 59.3 59.4 0.1 2 Benton Drive North Market Street to Riverside Drive 55.1 63.2 I 8.1 Browning 55.4 59.4 4.0 3 Street Hilltop Drive to Old Alturas Road Buenaventura 4 Boulevard Eureka Way to Placer Street 57.3 58.6 1.3 5 Placer Street to Canyon Creek Road 55.1 59.7 I 4.6 6 Canyon Creek Road to Railroad Avenue I 55.8 58.2 I 2.4 7 Railroad Avenue to Market Street 61.5 62.7 1.3 8 Butte Street Continental Street to Sequoia Avenue 58.4 59.5 1.1 9 Sequoia Avenue to Auditorium Drive 58.9 60.5 1.6 California 10 Street Riverside Drive to Trinity Street 56.3 57.5 1.1 11 Trinity Street to Eureka Way 61.1 57.5 I -3.6 12 Eureka Way to So.Market Street 59.9 57.5 I -2.4 Continental 56.8 57.9 1.0 13 Street Placer Street to Butte Street 14 Butte Street to Trinity Street 55.1 56.5 1.5 15 Canyon Road West City Limits to So.Market Street 59.3 60.0 0.7 Churn Creek 16 Road Rancho Road to Victor Avenue 58.8 59.9 1.1 17 Victor Avenue to South Bonnyview Road 59.1 59.5 0.4 18 South Bonnyview Road to Loma Vista Drive 60.1 61.2 1.2 19 Loma Vista Drive to Shirley Lane 61.8 62.4 0.6 20 Shirley Lane to Hartnell Avenue 63.3 62.9 -0.4 21 Hartnell Avenue to East Cypress Avenue 63.3 62.2 -1.2 22 Mistletoe Lane to Dana Drive 63.9 64.1 0.2 C-9 APPENDIX C-2 PREDICTED TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS Planning Area Ldn Section Roadway Segment ,dB,at 100 Feet 1995 2020 Diff. 23 Dana Drive to Old Alturas Road 61.8 62.9 1.1 24 Old Alturas Road to Canby Road 60.3 61.5 1.1 25 Canby Road to Palacio Drive 60.3 62.1 1.8 26 Palacio Drive to College View Drive 60.3 62.1 1.8 27 College View Drive to Collyer Drive 59.1 62.4 3.3 Clear Creek 28 Road South Market Street to ACID Canal 56.3 55.4 -1.0 College View 29 Drive West End to Old Oregon Trail 55.1 56.4 1.4 30 Court Street Schley Street to South Street 61.1 61.9 0.8 31 South Street to Placer Street 61.1 60.7 -0.4 32 Placer Street to Shasta Street 62.1 61.8 -0.3 33 Shasta Street to Riverside 60.7 61.8 1.0 Cypress Avenue and East Cypress 63.7 64.6 0.9 34 Avenue Market Street to Akard Avenue 35 Akard Avenue to Athens Avenue 64.8 64.7 -0.1 • 36 Athens Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 66.2 66.3 0.1 37 Hartnell Avenue to Bechelli Lane 65.1 64.5 -0.6 0 Bechelli Lane to Southbound I-5 ramps 66.1 65.3 -0.8 Southbound I-5 ramps to Northbound I-5 661 65.6 -0.5 0 ramps 0 Northbound I-5 ramps to Hilltop Drive 64.8 65.9 1.1 1 Hilltop Drive to Larkspur Lane 64.6 64.5 -0.2 2 Larkspur Lane to Churn Creek Road 63.1 63.3 0.2 3 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 57.3 62.4 5.1 4 Dana Drive Hilltop Drive to Canby Road 61.1 62.4 1.2 5 Canby Road to Churn Creek Road 61.8 61.1 -0.7 6 Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 61.8 63.4 1.7 7 Friendly Lane to Bradford Way 58.1 61.3 I 3.2 8 Bradford Way to Victor Avenue 57.3 59.9 I 2.6 9 East Street Cypress Avenue to South Street 57.9 58.3 I 0.4 10 South Street to Placer Street 58.8 60.7 2.0 11 Placer Street to Tehama Street 59.3 60.3 1.0 12 Tehama Street to Shasta Road 60.3 59.9 -0.4 C-10 APPENDIX C-2 PREDICTED TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS Planning Area Section Roadway Segment Ldn,dB,at 100 Feet 1995 2020 Diff. 13 Eastside Road Wyndham Lane to Breslauer Lane 56.0 51.5 -4.5 14 Breslauer Lane to Radio Lane 57.9 56.5 -1.4 15 Radio Lane to East Bonnyview Road 56.6 50.7 -5.9 East Bonnyview Road to South Bonnyview 16 Road 55.1 50.3 -4.8 17 South Bonnyview Road to Girvan Road 57.3 54.5 -2.8 Freebridge 55.1 56.0 0.9 18 Street Parkview Avenue to Weldon Street 19 Girvan Road Eastside Road to Creekside Drive 56.3 57.6 1.2 Hartnell 20 Avenue East Cypress Avenue to Parkview Avenue 62.4 61.9 -0.4 21 Parkview Avenue to Bechelli Lane 61.1 62.4 1.2 22 I Bechelli Lane to Churn Creek Road 62.9 62.5 -0.4 23 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 63.9 62.7 -1.2 24 Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 1 62.1 62.5 0.5 25 Shasta View Drive to Goodwater Avenue j 60.7 60.2 -0.5 26 Goodwater Avenue to Argyle Avenue ; 58.8 59.4 0.6 , I 27 l Argyle Avenue to Airport Road 55.1 56.6 I 1.6 28 Hilltop Drive ;East Lake Boulevard to Peppertree Lane 61.1 63.1 2.0 29 Peppertree Lane to Browning Street 61.5 63.4 2.0 30 Browning Street to East Palisades Avenue 62.6 62.9 , 0.2 31 I East Palisades Avenue to Dana Drive 63.1 63.5 0.4 0 Dana Drive to SR 44 Eastbound ramps 63.9 64.5 0.6 0 SR 44 Eastbound ramps to 1-5 Off-ramp 63.5 64.3 0.8 0 I I-5 Off-ramp to Mistletoe Lane 63.5 63.7 I 0.2 1 Mistletoe Lane to Industrial Street 62.4 60.9 -1.4 2 Industrial Street to Cypress Avenue 62.1 j 60.4 -1.6 3 Cypress Avenue to Maraglia Avenue 60.3 60.3 0.0 Lake and East 1 Lake 60.7 61.2 0.5 4 Boulevard North City Limits to Oasis Road 5 Oasis Road to Keswick Dam Road 61.1 61.8 0.7 6 Keswick Dam Road to Panorama Drive j 62.4 62.0 -0.4 7 1 Panorama Drive to Clay Street 62.6 62.7 0.1 8 Clay Street to North Point Drive 63.3 63.7 0.4 9 North Point Drive to Masonic Avenue 63.5 j 63.7 0.2 C-11 APPENDIX C-2 PREDICTED TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS Planning Area Ldn Section Roadway Segment .dB,at 100 Feet 1995 2020 Diff. 10 Masonic Avenue to North Markedt Street 65.5 65.8 0.3 11 North Market Street to Hilltop Drive 65.1 65.1 0.0 0 Hilltop Drive to Southbound I-5 ramp 63.3 63.3 0.0 1 Locust Street East Street to Athens Avenue 55.1 54.6 -0.5 2 Athens Avenue to Park Marina Drive 56.3 56.9 0.6 Mistletoe 59.3 60.9 1.6 3 Lane Hilltop Drive to Churn Creek Road 4 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 57.3 57.9 0.6 North Court 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 Street Eureka Way to Quartz Hill Road 6 Oasis Road Lake Boulevard to Beltine Road 56.3 57.1 0.8 7 Beltine Road to Cascade Boulevard 55.1 57.5 2.4 8 Cascade Boulevard to Twin View Boulevard 58.1 62.7 4.6 9 Twin View Boulevard to Gold Hills Drive 57.3 62.4 5.1 10 'Gold Hills Drive to Old Oregon Trail 56.3 60.0 3.7 Old Alturas 58.8 61.0 2.3 11 Road Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 12 I Friendly Lane to Browning Street 57.3 60.7 3.4 13 Browning Street to Victor Avenue 60.7 60.7 0.0 14 I Vistor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 60.3 60.7 0.4 15 Shasta View Drive to Old Oregon Trail 57.3 58.6 1.3 Old Oregon Trail to East Planning Area 55.9 563 0.5 16 Limits Old Oregon 59.1 62.7 3.6 0 Trail SR 44 to Old Highway 44 0 Old Highway 44 to Old Alturas Road 56.8 59.4 I 2.6 1 Old Alturas Road to College View Drive 56.8 58.6 1.8 2 College View Drive to Collyer Drive 61.1 61.8 0.7 3 Collyer Drive to Oasis Road 57.3 58.9 1.6 4 Oasis Road to Bear Mountain Road 58.8 59.9 1.1 Park Marina 0 Drive Auditorium Drive to SR 299E ramps 59.3 60.4 1.1 0 SR 29E Eastbound ramps to Athens Avenue 58.8 59.4 0.7 1 Athens Avenue to South Street 61.5 59.4 -2.0 2 South Street to Locust Street 61.1 58.7 -2.4 3 Locust Street to Cypress Avenue 57.3 56.3 -1.0 C-12 APPENDIX C-2 PREDICTED TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS Planning Area Ldn,dB,at 100 Feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 Diff. Parkview 57.3 57.2 -0.1 4 Avenue South Market Street to Akard Avenue 5 Akard Avenue to Freebridge Street 61.8 57.2 -4.6 6 Placer Street West City Limits to Buenaventura Boulevard 62.1 61.9 I -0.1 7 Buenaventura Boulevard to Pleasant Street 62.4 63.5 1.2 8 Pleasant Street to Airpark Road 61.1 63.7 ( 2.6 9 Airpark Road to Court Street 60.7 63.7 3.0 10 Court Street to California Street 57.3 60.9 3.6 11 California Street to Pine Street 57.3 j 61.1 3.8 12 Pine Street to East Street 60.0 58.8 I -1.3 13 East Street to Sequoia Street 58.1 58.1 0.0 Quartz Hill 57.3 60.7 3.4 14 Road Harlan Drive to Benton Drive 15 Benton Drive to North Market Street 59.3 57.9 j -1.5 East Bonnyview Road to South Bonnyview 55.1 55.9 0.8 16 Radio Lane I Road Railroad ! 59.1 61.3 2.3 17 Avenue Buenaventura Blvd.To South Street 18 Rancho Road Churn Creek Road to Alta Mesa Drive 58.1 59.7 j 1.6 19 Alta Mesa Drive to Airport Road 56.3 58.2 1.9 Shasta View 58.8 61.1 2.4 0 Drive Hartnell Avenue to SR 44 0 SR 44 to Old Alturas Road 55.4 57.7 j 2.4 South Bonnyview 63.9 63.4 -0.5 1 Road South Market Street to Eastside Road 2 Eastside Road to Bechelli Lane 62.6 64.3 1.7 0 Bechelli Lane to Southbound I-5 ramp 62.6 63.9 1.3 Southbound I-5 ramp to Northbound I-5 61.5 63.5 2.1 0 ramp 0 Northbound I-5 ramp to Churn Creek Road 61.5 62.9 1.4 1 I South Street Court Street to California Street 61.1 I 62.7 I 1.6 2 California Street to Market Street 59.9 62.1 2.2 3 Market Street to Pine Street 61.1 62.1 I 1.0 4 Pine Street to East Street 58.8 60.0 j 1.3 5 East Street to Athens Avenue 57.3 I 56.5 I -0.8 6 Athens Avenue to Park Marina Drive 55.8 57.0 I 1.3 C-13 APPENDIX C-2 PREDICTED TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS FOR MAJOR ROADWAYS Planning Area Ldn,dB,at 100 Feet Section Roadway Segment 1995 2020 Diff. Twin View 58.1 59.7 1.6 7 Boulevard North Market Street to Caterpillar Road 8 Caterpillar Road to Constitution Way 59.3 61.2 1.9 Victor 57.3 60.7 3.4 9 Avenue Churn Creek Road to Hartnell Avenue 10 Hartnell Avenue to East Cypress Avenue 57.3 60.9 3.6' East Cypress Avenue to SR 44 Eastbound 59.3 61.6 2.3 0 ramp SR 44 Eastbound ramp to SR 44 Westbound 58.8 62.3 3.5 0 ramp 0 SR 44 Westbound ramp to Dana Drive 58.1 61.6 3.5 1 Dana Drive to Old Alturas Road 56.3 61.6 5.3 2 Kenyon Road to Breslauer Lane 55.4 - - 3 Breslauer Lane to Buenaventura Boulevard 55.6 - I - Hemsted 53.3 60.7 5.1 4 Drive Hilltop Drive to No.Bechelli Lane 5 No.Bechelli to E.Cypress Avenue 53.3 59.9 I 6.5 Note: Shaded cells indicate a potentially significant increase in noise levels will occur at receivers adjacent to the roadway in that scenario. C-14 APPENDIX D BIBLIOGRAPHY AND PERSONS CONSULTED APPENDIX D BIBLIOGRAPHY AND PERSONS CONSULTED Bella Vista Water District.Master Water Plan. PACE Engineering. Bella Vista Water District. December 1990. California Air Resources Board. California Air Quality Data.Annual Summary Vols. XXV-XXVIII. 1994-1997. California Air Resources Board. Methodology for Estimating Emissions From On-Road Motor Vehicles Vol. IV:BURDEN7G. November 1996. California Department of Fish and Game Natural Diversity Database. Rarefind II. Version 2.0.8. Centerville Community Service District. 1997 Master Water Plan. PACE Engineering.July 1997. City of Redding. Air Quality Element of the Redding General Plan. April 1994. City of Redding Department of Planning and Community Development.Air Quality Element of the Redding General Plan. February 1994. City of Redding Department of Public Works. City-Wide Master Storm Drain Study. Montgomery Watson. October 1993. City of Redding Department of Public Works. Detention/Retention Study.John H. Humphrey. April 1995. City of Redding. Draft General Plan Background Report. May 7, 1996. City of Redding.Draft General Plan.June 10, 1998. City of Redding. Issues and Alternatives Report. May 5, 1997. City of Redding. General Plan. 1998. City of Redding. General Plan Update and Environmental Impact Report:Issues and Alternatives Report. City of Redding Development Services Department. Mintier&Associates. Crawford Multari &Starr. May 1997. City of Redding. General Plan Housing Element. City of Redding Department of Planning and Development. Adopted September 15, 1992. D-1 City of Redding Department of Public Works. Hydrology Manual. Montgomery Watson. October 1993. City of Redding.Master Sewer Plan. PACE Engineering. November 1987. City of Redding. Land Use Elements of the General Plan of the City of Redding 1992-2012. Department of Planning&Community Development. Adopted October 20. 1992. City of Redding. Public Review Draft General Plan. City of Redding Development Services Department. General Plan Task Force.J. Laurence Mintier&Associates.June 1998. City of Redding. Shasta Community Services District Master Water Plan. CH2M Hill.January 1992. City of Redding. Stillwater Service Area Master Sewer Plan. PACE Engineering. September 1992. City of Redding. Water Management Plan with Recommended Conservation Measures. City of Redding Department of Public Works Water Utility. 1995. City of Redding. Water Master Plan. December 1989. Clear Creek Community Services District.Master Water Plan. PACE Engineering. The Staff of the Clear Creek Community Services District. December 1997. County of Shasta. Water Resources Master Plan. Shasta County Water Agency. October 1997. PERSONS CONSULTED Project Consultants J. Lawrence Mintier and Associates EIP Associates Brown-Buntin Associates DKS Associates Donald Ballanti City of Redding Jerry Swanson,Development Services Director Mon August, Public Works Director Steve Craig, Wastewater Manager Mike Robertson, Water Manager Pam Clackler,Management Analyst, Water Doug Will, Traffic Engineer Ray Duryee, Administration Manager Terry Hanson,Manger of Community Projects Gordon Carpenter, Recreation Superintendent D-2 Gary Dirks, Captain, Police Department Bruce Becker,Fire Marshal Ken Wagner, Fire Chief Larry Miralles, Solid Waste Manager Kim Stempien, Solid Waste Supervisor County Of Shasta Russ Mull, Resource Management Director Jim Cook,Planning Manager Mike Kussow,Air Pollution Control Officer Patrick Minturn, Shasta County Public Works Shasta County Department of Education (School District Consortium) Mike McLaughlin,Redding Elementary School District Superintendent Jack Schreder,Jack Schreder&Associates Miscellaneous John Siperek,Department of Fish and Game Craig Martz,Department of Fish and Game Dave Smith,Department of Fish and Game Harry Rectenwald,Department of Fish and Game Lawrence Fox,Humboldt State University,Department of Forestry John McCullah, Salix Burt Brockett, California Department of Transportation Bob Dietz,Bella Vista Water District J.R. Kaufman, Shasta Community Services District Phil Browning, Centerville Community Services District Char Workman-Flowers, Clear Creek Community Services District D-3 APPENDIX E REPORT PREPARATION APPENDIX E REPORT PREPARATION GENERAL PLAN EIR PREPARATION Firm/Address Contribution General Plan Consultants J. Laurence Mintier& Associates Introduction 1415 20`h Street Chapter 1,Project Description and Impact Sacramento, CA 95814 Summary J. Laurence Mintier,Principal Chapter 2, Assumptions and Development Derek DiManno, Associate Planner Estimates Chapter 3,Land Use,Housing, and Population Impacts Chapter 4, Transportation and Circulation Chapter 5,Public Facilities and Services Chapter 6, Other Public Facilities and Services Chapter 7, Natural Environment Chapter 8, Health and Safety Chapter 9, Mandatory CEQA Sections EIP Associates Chapter 6, Other Public Facilities 1200 Second Street, Suite 200 Chapter 7,Natural Environment Sacramento, CA 95814 Chapter 8,Health and Safety Adrienne Graham Harriet Lai-Ross Donald Ballanti Chapter 8, Health and Safety: Air Quality section Certified Consulting Meteorologist 1424 Scott Street El Cerrito, CA 94530 Brown-Buntin Associates, Inc. Chapter 8, Health and Safety: Noise section 7996 California Avenue Suite A Fair Oaks, CA 95826 Jim Brennan, Senior Consultant E-1 DKS Associates Chapter 5, Transportation and Circulation: 8950 Cal Center Drive, Suite 340 Streets and Highways section Sacramento, CA 95826-3259 John Long, Principal John Gibb City of Redding Staff City Redding Chapter 2, Assumptions and Development 760 Parkview Avenue Estimates P.O. Box 496071 Chapter 4, Transportation and Circulation Redding, CA 96049-6071 Chapter 5, Public Facilities and Services Chapter 6, Other Public Facilities Development Services Department Kent Manuel, Senior Planner Public Works Department Doug Will, Transportation Engineer Jerry Aasen, Assistant City Engineer Electrical Department Greg Pearson E-2 EXHIBIT "B" CEQA FINDINGS OF FACT AND STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF REDDING FOR THE CITY OF BEDDING 2OOO-2020 GENERAL PLAN FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT OCTOBER 3, 2000 I. INTRODUCTION The Final Environmental Impact Report ("Final EIR") prepared for the CITY OF REDDING 2000-2020 GENERAL PLAN (the "Project") addresses the potential environmental effects associated with a comprehensive update to the General Plan for the City of Redding, California. These findings have been prepared to comply with requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act("CEQA")(Pub.Resources Code,§21000 et seq.)and the CEQA Guidelines(Cal.Code Regs., tit. 14, § 15000 et seg.). II. DEFINITIONS "BMPs" means best management practices. "CDFG" means the California Department of Fish & Game. "CEQA" means California Environmental Quality Act. "cfd" means cubic feet per day. "cfs" means cubic feet per second. "CNEL" means community noise level equivalent. "CO" means carbon monoxide. "Council" means the City of Redding City Council. "dBA" means A-weighted decibels. "Draft EIR" means the Draft Environmental Impact Report for the 2000-2020 General Plan, dated April 19, 2000. "du/acre" means dwelling units per acre. "Final ER" means the Final Environmental Impact Report for the 2000-2020 General Plan, dated September XX, 2000. "LAFCO" means the Local Agency Formation Commission for Shasta County. "LOS" means level of service. "NOP" means Notice of Intent. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 2 "NO: means nitrogen oxide. "NPDES" means National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. "PM10" means particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or less. "ROC" means Reactive Organic Compounds. "ROG" means reactive organic gases. "RWQCB" means Regional Water Quality Control Board. "SOX" means sulfur dioxide. "SWRCB" means the State Water Resources Control Board. "SWPPP" means Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. "TSM" means Transportation System Management. "UBC" means the Uniform Building Code. "USACOE" means the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. "USFWS" means the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Location The City of Redding is located in Shasta County in Northern California. It lies approximately 100 miles south of the Oregon border on Interstate 5 and 160 miles north of Sacramento. Redding is bisected by the Sacramento River, which flows south to Sacramento and then eventually into San Francisco Bay. Situated at the northern end of the Sacramento Valley, incorporated Redding is the largest city in Shasta County with a 1999 population of approximately 78,500 and is also the county seat. (Draft EIR, Section 1.3.) Plan Area Characteristics By law,the general plan must cover all territory within the boundaries of the city as well as"any land outside its boundaries which, in the planning agency's judgment, bears relation to its planning." (Govt. Code section 65300.) To meet the intent of the law, the City of Redding has designated a Planning Area that extends beyond the city's incorporated limits and encompasses approximately City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 3 74,500 acres, or a little over 116 square miles. The planning area for the Project is identical to the planning area identified in the existing General Plan. Following closely the Planning Area boundary(but excluding Churn Creek Bottom)is the Redding Sphere of Influence, a line adopted by LAFCO in 1988 defining a 106-square-mile (67,840-acre) area of incorporated and unincorporated lands within which City services and the City boundary can logically be extended within the next 20 to 30 years. However, the General Plan defines the future urban area in terms of Primary and Secondary Growth Areas as depicted in Figure 1-2 of the Draft EIR. Because the policies of the General Plan direct urban growth into the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas, not all of the land in the Planning Area is intended to by annexed to the City of Redding. (Draft EIR, Section 1.3.) Project Objectives The objective of the 2000-2020 General Plan is to establish a land use planning document satisfying Government Code section 65300 which embodies the values of the community and enables the City of Redding to: • Pursue a diverse and stable economy that creates ample employment opportunities; • Preserve key features of Redding's history, open space, and the City's unique physical setting; • Accommodate growth while enhancing cultural amenities and Redding's special quality of life; • Promote quality building that enhances community identity and complements neighborhood character; • Provide for diverse and affordable housing; • Conserve the natural environment and protect environmentally sensitive areas; • Strive to ensure that investment in public services, facilities, and utilities is cost-effective; and • Provide a safe and healthy environment. (Draft General Plan, dated March 27, 2000, Introduction, p. 1.) Required Approvals Implementation of the 2000-2020 General Plan requires the approval of a majority of the City Council. Several regulatory tools,such as a Zoning Ordinance and maps pursuant to the Subdivision Map Act,are necessary to effectuate the maps and policies included in the 2000-2020 General Plan. Maintenance of the General Plan will require review by the Planning Commission on an annual basis to monitor its implementation and to ensure consistency with federal,state and local law,regulations and policies. (Govt. Code section 65400, subd. (b).) City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 4 a IV. BACKGROUND Project History The City of Redding adopted its first General Plan in 1958. The most recent General Plan was adopted in 1970,with subsequent updates to several of its elements and the General Plan Diagram. The current General Plan Update process was initiated in September 1995 when the City Council appointed a 30-member General Plan Task Force. Working with the City staff,consultants,and the community,the Task Force produced an Issues and Alternatives Report aimed at satisfying specific planning objectives. Following public review of the Issues and Alternatives Report and an ensuing public workshop, the Task Force forwarded a Public Review Draft General Plan to the Planning Commission,City Council and the public. Subsequently,City staff conducted environmental review of the Draft General Plan in accordance with CEQA. (Public Hearing Draft General Plan, dated March 27, 2000, pp. 10-11; Draft EIR, Section 1.4.) V. RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS For purposes of CEQA and these Findings,the Record of Proceedings for the Project consists of the following documents, at a minimum: • The Notice of Preparation dated July 30, 1998 and all other public notices issued by the City in conjunction with the Project; • The Final EIR for the City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan (as described immediately above); • All comments submitted by agencies or members of the public during the 45-day public comment period on the Draft EIR, as included in the Final EIR; • All comments and correspondence submitted to the City with respect to the Project, in addition to timely comments on the Draft EIR; • All findings and resolutions adopted by City decisionmakers in connection with the Project, and all documents cited or referred to therein; • All reports, studies, memoranda, maps, staff reports, or other planning documents relating to the Project prepared by the City,consultants to the City,or responsible or trustee agencies with respect to the City's compliance with the requirements of CEQA and with respect to the City's actions on the Project; • All documents submitted to the City by other public agencies or members of the public in connection with the Project, up through the close of the public hearing on July 28, 2000; City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 5 a • Minutes and/or verbatim transcripts of all information sessions,public meetings,and public hearings held by the City in connection with the Project; • Any documentary or other evidence submitted to the City at such information sessions, public meetings, and public hearings; • Matters of common knowledge to the Council, including, but not limited to Federal, State, and local laws and regulations; • Any documents expressly cited in these findings, in addition to those cited above; and • Any other materials required to be in the record of proceedings by Public Resources Code section 21167.6, subdivision (e). The custodian of the documents comprising the record of proceedings is Connie Strohmayer,Clerk to the City Council, whose office is located at 777 Cypress Avenue, California 96001. The City Council has relied on all of the documents listed above in reaching its decision on the 2000-2020 General Plan,even if not every document was formally presented to the City staff as part of the City files generated in connection with the 2000-2020 General Plan. Without exception,any documents set forth above not found in the Project files fall into one of two categories. Many of them reflect prior planning or legislative decisions with which the Council was aware in approving the 2000-2020 General Plan. (See City of Santa Cruz v. Local Agency Formation Commission (1978) 76 Cal.App.3d 381, 391-392 [142 Cal.Rptr. 873]; Dominey v. Department of Personnel Administration (1988) 205 Cal.App.3d 729, 738, fn. 6 [252 Cal.Rptr. 620].) Other documents influenced the expert advice provided to City staff or consultants, who then provided advice to the Council. For that reason,such documents form part of the underlying factual basis for the Council's decisions relating to the adoption of 2000-2020 General Plan. (See Pub. Resources Code, § 21167.6, subd. (e)(10); Browning-Ferris Industries v. City Council of City of San Jose (1986) 181 Cal.App.3d 852, 866 [226 Cal.Rptr. 575]; Stanislaus Audubon Society,Inc.v.County of Stanislaus (1995) 33 Cal.App.4th 144, 153, 155 [39 Cal.Rptr.2d 54].) VI. FINDINGS REQUIRED UNDER CEQA Public Resources Code section 21002 provides that"public agencies should not approve projects as proposed if there are feasible alternatives or feasible mitigation measures available which would substantially lessen the significant environmental effects of such projects[.]" (Emphasis added.) The same statute states that the procedures required by CEQA"are intended to assist public agencies in systematically identifying both the significant effects of proposed projects and the feasible alternatives or feasible mitigation measures which will avoid or substantially lessen such significant effects." (Emphasis added.) Section 21002 goes on to state that "in the event [that] specific economic, social, or other conditions make infeasible such project alternatives or such mitigation measures, individual projects may be approved in spite of one or more significant effects." City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 6 . The mandate and principles announced in Public Resources Code section 21002 are implemented, in part, through the requirement that agencies must adopt findings before approving projects for which EIRs are required. (See Pub. Resources Code, § 21081, subd. (a); CEQA Guidelines, § 15091, subd. (a).) For each significant environmental effect identified in an EIR for a proposed project,the approving agency must issue a written finding reaching one or more of three permissible conclusions. The first such finding is that "[c]hanges or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into,the project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant environmental effect as identified in the final EIR." (CEQA Guidelines, § 15091, subd. (a)(1).) The second permissible finding is that"[s]uch changes or alterations are within the responsibility and jurisdiction of another public agency and not the agency making the finding. Such changes have been adopted by such other agency or can and should be adopted by such other agency." (CEQA Guidelines, § 15091, subd.(a)(2).) The third potential conclusion is that"[s]pecific economic,legal,social,technological, or other considerations,including provision of employment opportunities for highly trained workers, make infeasible the mitigation measures or project alternatives identified in the final EIR." (CEQA Guidelines, § 15091, subd. (a)(3).) Public Resources Code section 21061.1 defines "feasible" to mean "capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic,environmental,social and technological factors." CEQA Guidelines section 15364 adds another factor: "legal" considerations. (See also Citizens of Goleta Valley v. Board of Supervisors ("Goleta II") (1990) 52 Ca1.3d 553, 565 [276 Cal. Rptr. 410].) The concept of"feasibility" also encompasses the question of whether a particular alternative or mitigation measure promotes the underlying goals and objectives of a project. (City of Del Mar v. City of San Diego (1982) 133 Cal.App.3d 410, 417 [183 Cal.Rptr. 898].) "'[F]easibility' under CEQA encompasses 'desirability to the extent that desirability is based on a reasonable balancing of the relevant economic, environmental, social, and technological factors." (Ibid.; see also Sequoyah Hills Homeowners Assn. v. City of Oakland (1993) 23 Cal.App.4th 704, 715 [29 Cal.Rptr.2d 182].) The CEQA Guidelines do not define the difference between"avoiding"a significant environmental effect and merely "substantially lessening" such an effect. The City must therefore glean the meaning of these terms from the other contexts in which the terms are used. Public Resources Code section 21081, on which CEQA Guidelines section 15091 is based, uses the term "mitigate"rather than"substantially lessen." The CEQA Guidelines therefore equate"mitigating"with"substantially lessening." Such an understanding of the statutory term is consistent with the policies underlying CEQA, which include the policy that "public agencies should not approve projects as proposed if there are feasible alternatives or feasible mitigation measures available which would substantially lessen the significant environmental effects of such projects." (Pub. Resources Code, § 21002.) For purposes of these findings,the term"avoid"refers to the effectiveness of one or more mitigation measures to reduce an otherwise significant effect to a less than significant level. In contrast, the term "substantially lessen" refers to the effectiveness of such measure or measures to substantially reduce the severity of a significant effect,but not to reduce that effect to a less than significant level. These interpretations appear to be mandated by the holding in Laurel Hills Homeowners Association v. City Council (1978) 83 Cal.App.3d 515, 519-527 [147 Cal.Rptr. 842], in which the Court of Appeal held that an agency had satisfied its obligation to substantially lessen or avoid significant effects by adopting numerous mitigation measures,not all of which rendered the significant impacts in question (e.g., to agricultural resources and air quality) less than significant. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 7 • Although CEQA Guidelines section 15091 requires only that approving agencies specify that a particular significant effect is "avoid[ed] or substantially lessen[ed]," these findings, for purposes of clarity, in each case will specify whether the effect in question has been reduced to a less than significant level, or has simply been substantially lessened but remains significant. Moreover,although section 15091,read literally,does not require findings to address environmental effects that an EIR identifies as merely"potentially significant,"these findings will nevertheless fully account for all such effects identified in the Final EIR. In short, CEQA requires that the lead agency adopt mitigation measures or alternatives, where feasible, to substantially lessen or avoid significant environmental impacts that would otherwise occur. Project modification or alternatives are not required, however, where such changes are infeasible or where the responsibility for modifying the project lies with some other agency. (CEQA Guidelines, § 15091, subd. (a), (b).) With respect to a project for which significant impacts are not avoided or substantially lessened either through the adoption of feasible mitigation measures or feasible environmentally superior alternative, a public agency,after adopting proper findings,may nevertheless approve the project if the agency first adopts a statement of overriding considerations setting forth the specific reasons why the agency found that the project's "benefits" rendered "acceptable" its "unavoidable adverse environmental effects." (CEQA Guidelines, §§ 15093, 15043, subd. (b); see also Pub. Resources Code, § 21081, subd. (b).) The California Supreme Court has stated that, "[t]he wisdom of approving . . . any development project, a delicate task which requires a balancing of interests, is necessarily left to the sound discretion of the local officials and their constituents who are responsible for such decisions. The law as we interpret and apply it simply requires that those decisions be informed, and therefore balanced." (Goleta II, 52 Ca1.3d 553, 576.) VII. LEGAL EFFECTS OF FINDINGS To the extent that these findings conclude that various proposed mitigation measures outlined in the Final EIR are feasible and have not been modified, superseded or withdrawn,the City hereby binds itself to implement these measures. These findings, in other words, are not merely informational, but rather constitute a binding set of obligations that will come into effect when City decisionmakers formally approve the Project. The mitigation measures will be effectuated through the process of implementing the Project. VIII. MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM Pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21081.6, mitigation measures have been incorporated into the General Plan and satisfy the requirements for mitigation monitoring and reporting. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 8 IX. SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The Final EIR identified several significant environmental effects(or"impacts")that the 2000-2020 General Plan will cause. Some of these significant effects can be fully avoided through the adoption of feasible mitigation measures. Others cannot be avoided by the adoption of feasible mitigation measures or feasible environmentally superior alternatives; however, these effects are outweighed by overriding considerations set forth in Section XI below. This Section (IX) presents in greater detail the Council's findings with respect to the environmental effects of the Project. A. FINDINGS-IMPACTS THAT ARE LESS THAN SIGNIFICANT In adopting the 2000-2020 General Plan,the City Council finds that changes or alterations have been incorporated into the 2000-2020 General Plan which lessen the potentially significant and significant impacts of each impact category summarized on Table 1 to be less than significant. Table 1 includes an assessment of the potential impacts prior to and following the imposition of mitigation measures as identified in the Final EIR. The table,together with a more detailed discussion below, identifies each impact and how the mitigation measures will reduce each impact to a less than significant level. TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES SIGNIFICANCE EXPANDED LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION DISCUSSION TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFTER SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES (SEE IMPACT MITIGATION NO.) Land Use The proposed General Plan will disrupt the Potentially CDD I A, 1B, IC, Less than 3.1 existing physical arrangement by allowing for significant ID,1E,11,1J, significant industrial,commercial,and residential,as well as 3B, 4F, 5A, recreational and natural resources uses. Further, 7A, 8A, 9B, the proposed General Plan has the potential to 9C, 9D, 10A, conflict with adjacent land uses or cause a 1 1B, 1 1H, substantial adverse change in the types or intensity 1 3 B, 1 3C, of existing land use patterns. This land use change 14A is considered a significant impact to the existing MN 1,3 and surrounding land use condition. T 5A N 2C, 2F, 3A, 3B,3D Housing and Implementation of the General Plan would result Potentially CDD 1A, 1B, IC, Less than 3.2 Population in the need for approximately 14,800 additional significant 1J, IOC, 10E, significant dwelling units to accommodate projected increases 11 H in population through the year 2020. Sufficient H 1A, 1B, IC, residential lands and necessary programs need to 2A, 2B, 2C, be identified to accommodate growth in all income 2D, 2E, 2F, segments. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B,7A,7B City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan-Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 9 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES SIGNIFICANCE EXPANDED LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION DISCUSSION TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFTER SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES (SEE IMPACT MITIGATION No.) Streets and Development through 2020 under the General Significant T 1A, 1B, IC, Project 4.1 Roadway Plan will result in unacceptable capacity ID, 1E, 3A, less than System deficiencies at numerous street segments and at 3B, 3C, 3D, significant; several intersections. 3E, 3F, 3G, cumulatively 4A,4B less than significant Public Implementation of the proposed General Plan Potentially T 9A, 9B, 9C, Less than 4.2 Transportation Diagram may have a long-term impact on existing significant 9F significant or planned transit and facilities and services. CDD IOC, IOD, Although implementation of the General Plan will 1OF not directly disrupt, interfere, or conflict with existing or planned operations, future development will introduce demand to areas not currently planned for transit service. Nonmotorized Future development will create additional demand Potentially CDD 4D, 10F,SC6 Less than 4.3 Transportation to the bicycle/pedestrian circulation system in significant T 6B, 8A, 8B, significant areas not currently planned to accommodate such 8G facilities. R 1 1 A, 11D, 11E Air New growth from the General Plan will create Potentially T 10A, 10B, 10C, Less than 4.4 Transportation additional demand for air transportation services, significant I OD significant both commercial and general aviation. Increase in airport operations can impact adjacent land use and may overburden airport facilities. Water Supply Plan implementation will result in increased Potentially CDD 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, Less than 5.1 and demands on existing water supply and the need for significant 2E significant Distribution water infrastructure improvements. NR 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A,3C PF 5A,5B,5D,5F Wastewater Plan implementation will result in the generation Potentially CDD 2A,2B,2C,2E Less than 5.2 Collection, of additional wastewater within the City that will significant PF 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, significant Treatment, increase demands on the existing collection and 6E and Disposal treatment facilities. Storm Future development will result in the installation Potentially CDD 2A,2B,2C,2E Less than 5.3 Drainage of impermeable surfaces in currently undeveloped significant HS 2F,2G significant areas,thereby increasing local runoff volumes and PF 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, velocities which may exceed the capacities of 9E,9F existing storm drains and lead to increased flooding. Law Creation of additional demand for sworn officers Potentially CDD 2A,2B Less than 6.1 Enforcement over the life span of the Plan to maintain significant PF 2A,2B,2D significant acceptable level of police protection. Fire Creation of additional demands for firefighter Potentially CDD 2A,2B,2C Less than 6.2 Protection personnel and equipment to maintain acceptable significant HS 4A,4K significant Services levels of service. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan-Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 10 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES SIGNIFICANCE EXPANDED TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION AFTER DISCUSSION SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES MITIGATION (SEE IMPACT No.) Schools Creation of additional students will place Potentially CDD 2D Less than 6.3 additional demands on the schools. Future significant significant students will require future classroom space currently deficient within the district. Parks and Increased demands for City parks and recreation Potentially R 4A, 4B, 4C, 4E, Less than 6.4 Recreation facilities. significant 4F, 4G, 4H, 41, significant 4J, 4K, 4L, 4M, 5A,5B,5C,5D Solid Waste Future growth and development allowed and Potentially CDD 2B,2E Less than 6.5 projected under the General Plan will generate significant PF 8A,8C,8D significant additional demands on the local landfills. Electricity Creation of additional demand and usage of Potentially CDD 2F Less than 6.6 electricity and construction of new distribution significant PF 7A,7B,7C,7D significant lines as development occurs in currently vacant areas. Other Public Creation of additional demand and usage of Potentially CDD 2A,2B Less than 6.7 Utilities natural gas lines,telephone and cable services,and significant significant convention center space. Water Future development under the provisions of the Potentially NR IC, I E, 1G, 1I, Less than 7.1 Resources General Plan could result in the degradation of significant 3B,4A,4B,4C significant surface and groundwater quality due to urban runoff. Wildlife Plan implementation has the potential to affect Significant CDD 4A,4B Project 7.3 Habitat species of animal or plant or the habitat of the NR 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, less than species; diminish habitat for fish, wildlife, or 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, significant; plants. 6F, 8A, 8B, 9A, cumulatively 9B, 10A, 10B, less than 10C significant Mineral Significant deposits of Portland cement concrete- Potentially NR 13A, 13B, 13C, Less than 7.4 Resources grade aggregate resources exist within the urban significant 13D, 13E significant area. Development under the General Plan could result in substantial land use conflicts and/or a substantial reduction of the availability of aggregate deposits. Historic and Potentially significant impacts to archaeological Potentially NR 12A, 12B, 12C, Less than 7.5 Cultural resources which currently exist within the City and significant 12P significant Resources its Planning Area. Potentially significant impacts R 3A,3B,3C to historic resources. Seismic and Future development in accordance with the Potentially HS IA, 1B, IC Less than 8.1 Geological General Plan may expose persons and structures to significant significant Hazards ground shaking and liquefaction. Wildland and Development in accordance with the General Plan Potentially HS 4A,4B, 4C, 4D, Less than 8.2 Urban Fire may expose persons to increased risk of wildland significant 4E, 4F, 4G, 4H, significant Potential fire hazards. 4I,4J,4K,4L Flooding Development in accordance with the General Plan Significant HS 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, Less than 8.3 may expose persons to flood hazards. 2E,2F,2G,2H significant City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan-Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 11 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES SIGNIFICANCE EXPANDED LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION DISCUSSION TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES AFTER (SEE IMPACT MITIGATION NO.) Hazardous Development under the General Plan may increase Potentially HS 8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, Less than 8.4 Materials both the number of businesses that utilize significant 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, significant hazardous materials and the amount of hazardous 9F,9G, 10A materials transported on local roadways. This can lead to increased risk of exposure to residents of the city. Airport Safety Two public airports are located within the existing Potentially HS 7A Less than 8.5 Redding city limits—Redding Municipal Airport significant significant and Benton Airpark. Development under the General Plan may place additional persons at risk from potential airplane crashes. Noise Plan implementation will result in short-term noise Significant N 2A, 2B, 2D, 2E, Less than 8.7 impacts associated with construction activities. 2F, 2G, 2H, 2J, significant Increased traffic volumes will result in potentially 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, significant noise impacts to residential areas 3E, 3F, 3G, 3H, located near State highways and arterial streets. 31 Plan implementation will result in noise impacts in the currently undeveloped areas by increasing ambient noise levels. 1. LAND USE,HOUSING AND POPULATION Standards of Significance: A significant impact land use, housing and population is identified if the Project could: • Create substantial land use incompatibilities and/or establish uses that have a severe affect on the public's health, safety, and welfare(Draft EIR, p. 3-2.); • Be inconsistent with the City's existing adopted Housing Element (Draft EIR, p. 3-12); or • Limit housing development substantially below forecasted growth (Draft EIR, p. 3-12). Impact: Land Use 3.1: Establishment of residential, commercial or industrial uses near or adjacent to potentially incompatible uses is a potentially significant impact. (Draft EIR,p. 3-11.) City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 12 Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The General Plan will establish residential, commercial,or industrial development in several areas that would be near or adjacent to potentially incompatible uses. For instance, the General Plan establishes a new industrial park east of the Redding Municipal Airport. That area is currently bordered on three sides by rural residential uses. In most cases,residential areas that are, or would be,located near commercial or industrial areas will be buffered by roadways,setbacks,or greenways. The types of conflicts that could be a concern to residents include light and glare; visual quality; industrial noise, air quality, and odor nuisances; incompatible building height conflicts; safety concerns;and increased traffic. The policies and programs of the General Plan,as identified in Table 1,provide a high level of protection from incompatible land uses in a variety of circumstances. For instance, Policies CDD1E and CDDIJ require increased levels of planning prior to annexation. Policies N3A and N3B address noise impacts,while Policy CDD9C addresses compatibility in terms of privacy, views, and noise. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to land use impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: pp. 27, 28, 31 Draft EIR: pp. 3-8 —3-11 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Cortese-Knox Act (Gov. Code, § 56000 et seq.) Shasta County Local Agency Formation Commission Shasta County General Plan Community Development and Design Element Transportation Element Noise Element Natural Resources Element Impact: Housing and Population 3.2: The General Plan has a longer planning time frame than the Housing Element and anticipates 14,800 additional housing units to accommodate projected increases in population. Sufficient residential lands and necessary programs need to be identified to accommodate growth in all income segments. (Draft ER,p. 3-11.) City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 13 Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The General Plan provides land in a range of residential densities to accommodate housing and population growth through buildout. The General Plan would not limit housing development below forecasted growth. In addition, the policies of the General Plan are consistent with and built upon the adopted Housing Element policies that have been reviewed and approved by the State Housing and Community Development Department. Policies of the General Plan include providing incentives for infill development(CDD10C), developing and maintaining funding programs that are expansive to community needs (H2E), and allowing residential projects to provide a mix of residential densities and dwelling types (CDD11D). Further, the General Plan Diagram has the potential of accommodating approximately 80,000 dwelling units, far in excess of the 48,000 dwelling units needed to accommodate the projected 2020 population. The of the General Plan are, therefore, considered less than significant. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential housing and population impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Introduction, p. 1; Housing Element, pp. 24-30 State of California, Department of Housing and Community Development, March 3, 2000 Draft EIR: Section 3.2 Background Report,pp. 3-1 —3-6 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Housing Element Air Quality Element Government Code §65583; 65588 2. TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION Standards of Significance: A significant impact on transportation and circulation is identified if: • The projected level of service on an existing or proposed roadway would deteriorate below the service level standards of the General Plan,as set out in Policy Ti A(Draft EIR, p. 4-9); City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 14 • Development would adversely affect existing transit services or create demand for such services that could not be met (Draft EIR, p. 4-20); • Development under the General Plan created demand for non-motorized transportation opportunities that could not be met (Draft EIR, p. 4-23); or • There are land use compatibility problems with the General Plan and airport comprehensive land use plans or if new development authorized by the General Plan would overburden air transportation demand at local airports (Draft EIR, p. 4-26). Impact: Streets and Roadway System 4.1: Development through 2020 under the General Plan will result in unacceptable capacity deficiencies at numerous street segments and at several intersections.(Draft EIR,p.4-19.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The General Plan will provide for new residential, commercial, and industrial development to accommodate demand through the year 2020 and beyond. Future development will affect the roadway system by increasing traffic volumes on existing roadways. The General Plan's level of service (LOS) policy attempts to maintain LOS "C" or better for most arterial streets and their intersections and LOS "D" or better for the Downtown area where vitality, activity, and pedestrian and transit use are primary goals; for streets within the State highway system and interchanges; and for river-crossing street corridors whose capacity is affected by adjacent intersections. As detailed in the EIR, there will be several roadway segments and intersections that will require substantial improvement if LOS standards are to remain acceptable. The General Plan contains several policies that address the needed improvements. Policy T1B requires that new development construct the improvements necessary to maintain acceptable LOS standards. In addition, Policies T4A, T4B, T4C, and T4D require the City to work with other jurisdictions to plan, upgrade, and expand the regional road network and to attempt to meet acceptable LOS standards. Impacts to I-5 are significantly enhanced by regional through traffic,with mitigation being a State responsibility. The City,however,supports improvements to the State transportation systems through gas tax,the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP), and other programs. The City has established a Traffic Impact Fee program to fund projects necessary to maintain acceptable traffic flows. Currently(1999),the level of funding is insufficient to meet the identified improvement needs; however,the fee system is currently under review. The General Plan contains Policies TIB, T3E, and T3F that address funding mechanisms. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or -incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential street and roadway system impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 15 Citations: Draft General Plan: Transportation Element, pp. 2-8; Appendix A and B Draft EIR: Section 4.1; Appendix B Applicable Policies and Regulations: Transportation Element Air Quality Element Shasta County Regional Transportation Plan Background Report: Appendix 6A, 6B Impact: Public Transportation 4.2: Implementation of the proposed General Plan Diagram may have a long-term impact on existing or planned transit and facilities and services. Although implementation of the General Plan will not directly disrupt, interfere, or conflict with existing or planned operations, future development will introduce demand to areas not currently planned for transit service. (Draft EIR,p. 4-21.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Development under the General Plan will create the need for additional transit equipment, and the Plan requires new development to provide for increased equipment,facilities,and operational needs. Policies T9D and T1D address the needed funds to maintain and improve public transportation services. In addition,successful implementation ofthe policies of the General Plan,such as Policies T9A, T9C, T9E, T9F, CDD10B, and CDD10D, should result in greater and,therefore,more efficient use of transit, increasing fare-box revenue. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential transit services impacts,the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: pp. 8, 13 Draft EIR: Section 4.2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 16 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Transportation Element Air Quality Element Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan Draft EIR Impact: Nonmotorized Transporation 4.3: Future development will create additional demand to the bicycle/pedestrian circulation system in areas not currently planned to accommodate such facilities.(Draft EIR,p.4-25.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The General Plan provides for the planning and development of pedestrian and bicycle facilities to serve the existing and newly developing areas of the city through Policies T6B, R11 A, R11 B,R11 C, R11D,R11E,R11F, and CDD1OF for pedestrian facilities and Policies T8A, T8B, T8C, T8E, T8G, and CDD1OF for bicycling facilities. Securing adequate funding is addressed as well. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential nonmotorized transportation impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: pp. 10-13 Draft EIR: Section 4.3 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Transportation Element Air Quality Element City of Redding Bikeway Plan Draft EIR Background Report Impact: Air Transportation 4.4: New growth from the General Plan will create additional demand for air transportation services,both commercial and general aviation. Increase in airport operations can impact adjacent land use and may overburden airport facilities. (Draft EIR,p. 4-27.) City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 17 Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Potential land use conflicts may exist when new development encroaches on an airport with growing demand such as the Redding Municipal Airport. However, no such conflicts exist near the airport since the airport facilities are surrounded by nonresidential land use designations such as"Greenway" and"General Industry." In addition,Policy T10D will ensure that new development in the urban area will not conflict with the operation and future development of Redding's two public use airports: Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. According to the Redding Municipal Airport Master Plan,air transportation demands will continue to increase at a growth rate of 1.5 percent. The Plan addresses new growth by planning for the expansion of existing facilities. In addition, the General Plan contains Policies TWA, T10B, and T10C that will help meet the growing service demands resulting from development and population growth under the General Plan. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential air transportation impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Transportation Element, pp. 13-14 Draft EIR: Section 4.4 Background Report: Section 6.11 Redding Municipal Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan Benton Airpark Comprehensive Land Use Plan Applicable Policies and Regulations: Redding Municipal Airport Master Plan Redding Municipal Airport Area Plan Redding Municipal Code Chapter 18.48 Transportation Element 3. PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES Standards of Significance: A significant impact on public facilities and services is identified if: City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 18 • New development would exceed existing system capacity or planned capacity,ifthe water supply would not be adequate to serve projected new development, or substantially degrade or deplete groundwater supply(Draft EIR, p. 5-7); • New development would generate wastewater which would exceed existing system capacity or require facility expansions that cannot be accommodated at existing facility sites (Draft EIR, p. 5-12); or • New development lacked adequate existing or planned storm-drainage system capacity (Draft EIR, p. 5-17). Impact: Water Supply and Distribution 5.1: Plan implementation will result in increased demands on existing water supply and the need for water infrastructure improvements. (Draft EIR, p. 5-9.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Buildout of the General Plan will increase demand for potable water. Within the city of Redding, development under the General Plan Diagram will result in consumption of approximately 57,465 acre feet. However, if the City were to take advantage of the "Mixed Use Overlays," a potential for 10,000 to 15,000 additional people would be added to the city, which would increase water needs. The General Plan policies address future impacts by requiring that adequate facility capacity as well as funding are available and by conserving existing water supply. General Plan Policies CDD2A, CDD2B, and CDD2E require that new development will not degrade public service levels and that new development will be coordinated with the timing of water facilities. Policy CDD2C would require development project proponents to determine water availability and to obtain "will serve" letters from providers prior to project approval. Policies NR2A,NR2B,NR2C,NR2D,NR3A,NR3D, and NR3C help to ensure adequate supply by limiting exportation of water outside the County, preserving the groundwater supply, and encouraging water conservation practices. Policies PF5D and PF5E address water-allocation issues, including acquisition of increased contract allotments. Further,Policy PF5A establishes thresholds for upgrading the distribution system to ensure reliable delivery of water. The combination of these policies will ensure that the impact of new development on water supply systems will be less than significant, since sufficient safeguards will be in place to ensure that water will be available prior to development projects receiving approval. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential water supply impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 19 Citations: Draft General Plan: Natural Resources Element, pp. 3,4; Community Development and Design Element,pp. 17-20; Public Facilities and Services Element, pp. 6-7 Draft EIR: Section 5.1 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Draft General Plan Natural Resources Element; Public Facilities and Services Element Draft EIR Background Report City of Redding Master Water Plan Safe Drinking Water Act Impact: Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal 5.2 Plan implementation will result in the generation of additional wastewater within the City that will increase demands on the existing collection and treatment facilities(Draft EIR, p. 5-14). Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: According to projections,development under the General Plan Diagram would adversely affect the City's ability to provide wastewater treatment. Additionally, if the City were to take advantage of the Mixed Use Overlays, a potential for 10,000 to 15,000 additional people would be added to the city,which would further intensify deficiencies in the Stillwater system. In the past, the City has experienced an unacceptably high rate of inflow and infiltration(I&I) into the system. Although reliable estimates of I&I quantities are not available, the City has initiated a long-term infiltration/inflow correction program to resolve the problem. Reducing I&I flows to acceptable levels will free up additional capacity. However, since exact estimates of I&I flows are not available, the amount of flow reduction is unknown. The General Plan policies address future impacts by requiring that adequate facility capacity as well as funding be available in conjunction with new development. General Plan Policies CDD2A, CDD2B, CDD2C, and CDD2E require that new development will not degrade public service levels and that new development will be coordinated with the timing of wastewater facilities. Additionally, Policy CDD2A requires that adequate funding mechanisms are in place to pay for future wastewater facility upgrades. Policies PF6A through PF6E include a number of measures to establish service levels, upgrade lines, and use alternative means of dealing with treated wastewater. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 20 As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore,as to potential wastewater collection impacts,the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,pp. 17-20;Public Facilities and Services Element, p. 7 Background Report: Section 7.3 Draft EIR: Section 5.2 Applicable Policies and Regulations: City of Redding Master Sewer Plan Draft General Plan Public Facilities and Services Element Draft EIR Background Report Clean Water Act, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Impact: Storm Drainage 5.3 Future development will result in the installation of impermeable surfaces in currently undeveloped areas, thereby increasing local runoff volumes and velocities which may exceed the capacities of existing storm drains and lead to increased flooding(Draft EIR, p. 5-19). Explanation: Development according to the General Plan will increase stormwater runoff from urban development covering pervious surfaces, such as dirt or fields, with impervious surfaces, such as roofs and pavement. General Plan Policies CDD2A, CDD2B, and CDD2E ensure that there are adequate storm-drainage facilities available to meet additional runoff from new development. Additionally, Policies CDD2A and HS2F address the need for adequate funding mechanisms to pay for future drainage facility upgrades. Policies HS2G, PF9B, PF9C, and PF9D of the General Plan require the establishment of a regional stormwater detention system at appropriate watersheds in cooperation with other jurisdictions. Policies PF9E and PF9F address minimizing impervious surfaces and providing sufficient maintenance. Potential detention/retention areas within the urban area include: Newton Creek, Buckeye Creek, Boulder Creek, and Sulphur Creek to the north of the urban area; Canyon Creek and Oregon Creek in the southwest part of the urban area; and Clover Creek to the east of the urban area. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 21 In addition to General Plan policies, the Citywide Master Storm Drain Study describes drainage improvements needed to serve projected development under the existing General Plan. Policies and programs of the Drainage Master Plan provide for the detailed storm-drainage planning and expansion, development, and financing of new storm-drainage facilities. Since development estimates under the General Plan are lower for residential and slightly higher for nonresidential than those of the existing General Plan,drainage improvements under the Citywide Master Storm Drain Study will most likely be adequate for development under the General Plan Diagram. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore,as to potential storm water drainage impacts,the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Health and Safety Element, pp. 5-7; Public Facilities and Services Element, pp. 9-10 Background Report: p. 7-24; Section 10.3 Draft EIR: Section 5.3 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Storm Drain Master Plan Draft EIR Safety Element Redding Municipal Code Chapter 18.47 City Council Policy 18.06 4. OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES Standards of Significance: A significant impact on other public facilities and services is identified if: • New development would generate demand for law enforcement services that would exceed the ability of the local law enforcement agency to maintain the current service ratio of 1.36 officers per 1,000 population(Draft EIR, p. 6-3); • New development would reduce existing fire protection service levels which could adversely affect response times, the physical environment, human health or safety, or require additional fire protection resources (Draft EIR, p. 6-6); • New development would overcrowd existing schools resulting in adverse changes in the physical or educational environment of classrooms, or require new schools or other resources to be developed (Draft EIR, p. 6-10); City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 22 • New development created demand for park and recreational facilities that will not be met (Draft EIR,p. 6-12); • New development would deplete the capacity of the Curry Landfill at a significantly higher rate than projected by the County and options do not exist for alternate facilities to be established or utilized (Draft EIR,p. 6-17); • New development increased demand that would exceed the current or feasibly-expanded capacity of the City's electrical transmission and distribution system(Draft E1R,p.6-20); or • New development created demand that exceed the current or feasibly-expanded capacity of other existing utility service providers (Draft EIR,p. 6-23). Impact: Law Enforcement 6.1 Creation of additional demand for sworn officers over the life span of the Plan to maintain acceptable level of police protection. (Draft EIR, p. 6-4.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final ER. Explanation: The City of Redding Police Department maintains a ratio of 1.36 sworn officers per 1,000 residents. With the increase of approximately 111,500 residents anticipated at buildout of the General Plan, 151 additional police officers would be needed to maintain the current level of police protection. In addition, at the time of buildout, there would be an increase of 2,646 acres of new commercial space and 6,056 acres of new industrial uses that would require police protection.The General Plan contains Policies CDD2A and CDD2B that would ensure that the current level of police protection service would not be degraded. These policies complement Policies PF2A,PF2B, and PF2D,which establish service levels and address funding issues. Implementation of the above policies would ensure that adequate police service would be provided as development occurs under the General Plan. With implementation of the General Plan,therefore,this impact is considered to be less than significant. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential water supply impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,pp. 19-20;Public Facilities and Services Element,p. 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 23 Background Report: Section 7.6 Draft EIR: Section 6.1 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Draft General Plan Public Facilities and Services Element Draft General Plan Community Development and Design Element Draft General Plan Safety Element Impact: Fire Protection Services 6.2 Creation of additional demands for firefighter personnel and equipment to maintain acceptable levels of service. (Draft EIR, p. 6-8.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in an increase of 111,500 residents, 1,483 acres of commercial space, and 6,056 acres of industrial uses at buildout. These increases would require additional fire protection resources, such as personnel and equipment. However, General Plan Policy CDD2B ensures that new development would not degrade fire protection below established service levels. Also, Policy CDD2A requires the payment of development fees and other appropriate funding mechanisms by new development to offset costs of developing new fire-protection facilities and services. Policy HS4A requires the maintenance of an Insurance Service Office (ISO) rating of 3 or better. Policy PF4A establishes service levels for response times,while Policies PF4B, PF4C, and PF4D address equipment and station distribution. Policy PF4E would reduce fire losses through the expanded use of automatic fire-suppression systems. New development could occur in parts of the urban area that are outside existing fire station response areas, resulting in a larger geographic area for the Redding Fire Department (RFD) to cover. The new development would increase the number of people and structures subject to potential fires, which would elevate the number of people and structures the RFD would be required to serve. Additional development proposed to occur would make it more difficult for the RFD to serve the urban area and meet the current five-minute response standard,particularly the development outside the response area. General Plan policies would ensure that staffing and equipment levels are adequate and that new stations are constructed to maintain service thresholds. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore,as to potential fire protection service impacts,the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 24 Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,pp. 19-20;Public Facilities and Services Element, p. 4; Safety Element, pp. 7, 11-13 Background Report: Section 7.7 Draft EIR: Section 6.2 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Draft General Plan Safety Element Draft General Plan Public Facilities and Services Element Uniform Fire Code Impact: Schools 6.3 Creation of additional students will place additional demands on the schools. Future students will require future classroom space currently deficient within the district.(Draft EIR, p. 6-11.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Currently, eight out of the ten school districts in the Redding urban area exceed existing capacity. At buildout of the General Plan,there would be a total of 68,102 students,representing an addition of 46,383 students over current enrollment. This would exacerbate overcrowding in existing schools, and the school districts would not have adequate capacity to serve the additional students. Expansion or construction of new schools would be required to accommodate students from new development. The State has preempted local jurisdictions from establishing specific mitigations for school impacts with the passage of Proposition 114/Senate Bill (SB) 50 (Chapter 407, Statutes of 1998). Since SB 50 funds will be made available for school construction,the State has determined that such funds are adequate mitigation for school impacts. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential school impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,p. 20 Draft EIR: Section 6.3 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 25 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Senate Bill 50 (Chapter 407, Statutes of 1998) Impact: Parks and Recreation 6.4 Increased demands for City parks and recreation facilities. (Draft EIR,p. 6-15.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Although the General Plan establishes a goal often acres of improved parkland per 1,000 population, under the Quimby Act, the City can only require the dedication of five acres of parkland per 1,000 people. Thus,new development within the urban area could create a demand for parkland that could not be obtained through this mechanism. Further,additional recreational programs will be required to support an expanding population. However,there are several General Plan policies regarding the preservation and development of parks and recreational programs. Policy R4A requires the City to develop and implement a Citywide Parks and Recreation Master Plan. The implementation program requires funding issues to be addressed. Policy RSA requires new single-family and multiple-family developments to provide an appropriate level of improved open space and/or recreational amenities. Under Policy R5B, developers of residential property are required to contribute park sites at a minimum rate of five acres per 1,000 population or in-lieu park fees to offset the impacts of future residents on the City's public park system. Policies that encourage Shasta County to provide parkland and recreation programs to the unincorporated parts of the urban area are included. The General Plan also contains policies that would promote and facilitate development of a citywide recreational trail system. Implementation of the General Plan policies, in combination with the City's Park and Recreational Land and In-Lieu Fees Ordinance, would result in adequate parkland and recreation programs to serve the urban area. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore,as to potential parks and recreation impacts,the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Recreation Element, pp. 5, 7; Public Facilities and Services Element,p. 13 Draft EIR: Section 6.4 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Recreation Element Redding Municipal Code Chapter 17.42 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 26 Impact: Solid Waste 6.5 Future growth and development allowed and projected under the General Plan will generate additional demands on the local landfills. (Draft EIR, p. 6-18.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: In 1995,the City of Redding generated a total of 79,482 tons of solid waste per year. Using current generation rates, an additional 184,139 tons per year would be generated by new General Plan development at buildout. If the City increases its waste diversions from 25 percent to 50 percent in the year 2000, as required by the City of Redding Source SRRE, the current annual waste disposal would be reduced by 39,741 tons and new development waste by 92,070 tons per year. These activities would extend the life of the Curry Landfill beyond original projections. Expansion of the facility at this time appears feasible. To ensure that adequate landfill space is provided,General Plan Policies CDD2F and PF8A reserve a future landfill site at Southwest Oregon Gulch near the western terminus of Kenyon Drive by designating that public property as"Public Facility/Institutional"on the General Plan Diagram. That site could be used if and when the use of the Curry Landfill has reached its capacity. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential solid waste impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,pp. 17-20;Public Facilities and Services Element, pp. 8-9 Draft EIR: Section 6.5 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Draft General Plan Public Facilities and Services Element Draft General Plan Community Development and Design Element Redding Municipal Code Chapter 9.28 Impact: Electricity 6.6 Creation of additional demand and usage of electricity and construction of new distribution lines as development occurs in currently vacant areas. (Draft EIR,p. 6-21.) City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 27 Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The existing peak electrical demand for the urban area is 153,990 to 172,365 kW. Development under the General Plan Diagram would generate a peak electrical demand of 488,940 to 653,570 kW for the urban area at buildout. This represents a 197 percent to 264 percent increase over existing peak demand,which would require new electric infrastructure and extensions and improvements to existing electric lines. Expansion and construction of existing substations would also be necessary. Up to 11 new substations are proposed to be constructed along the urban area boundary. In addition, compliance with General Plan Policy CDD2E would ensure that all new development would be provided with adequate electric service,Policy PF7B addresses budgeting of capital expenditures, while Policies PF7C and PF7D will ensure reliable service delivery. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential electricity impacts, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,pp. 17-20;Public Facilities and Services Element,pp. 7-8 Draft EIR: Section 6.6 Background Report: Section 7.4 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Draft General Plan Community Development and Design Element Draft General Plan Public Facilities and Services Element Impact: Other Public Utilities 6.7 Creation of additional demand and usage of natural gas lines, telephone and cable services, and convention center space. (Draft EIR, p. 6-23.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 28 Explanation: New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would require the expansion of existing public utilities, such as natural gas lines, cable lines, and telephone services. The increase in population would also result in an increase in demand for convention center space. However, General Plan Policies CDD2A and CDD2B would provide adequate public facilities and services, and would ensure that existing services would not be adversely affected. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts to other public utilities, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,pp. 7-8; Public Facilities and Services Element, pp. 14, 17 Draft EIR: Section 6.7 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Community Development and Design Element Public Facilities and Services Element 5. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Standards of Significance Impacts on the natural environment are considered significant if adoption or implementation of the Project would: • Substantially degrade surface water quality, contaminate a public water supply, substantially degrade or deplete groundwater resources, or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge (Draft EIR, p. 7-3); • Convert prime farmland to nonagricultural land uses; impair agricultural productivity or create the potential for conflict with ongoing agricultural operations on private farmland; substantially reduce the total amount of agricultural land in the region; or result in cancellation of Williamson Act contracts (Draft EIR, p. 7-10); • Affect a rare, endangered,or otherwise protected species of animal or plan or the habitat of the species (Draft EIR,p. 7-19); • Interfere with the movement of any resident or migratory fish and wildlife species(Draft EIR, p. 7-19); • Substantially diminish habitat for wildlife or plants (Draft EIR, p. 7-19); City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 29 • Affect significant wetlands or other sensitive wildlife habitat (Draft EIR, p. 7-19); • Conflict with legally established policies or regulations (Draft EIR,p. 7-19); • Substantially conflict with existing mineral extraction operations and newly urban or suburban land uses,or new mineral extraction operations and existing urban or suburban land uses, or substantially reduce the availability of significant mineral deposits in the urban area(Draft EIR,p. 7-27); • Disrupt or adversely affect a prehistoric or histroic archaeological site determined to be an "important archaeological resource" as defined by Appendix K of the CEQA Guidelines (Draft EIR, p. 7-29); • Disrupt or adversely affect a property of historic or cultural significance to a community or ethnic or social group (Draft EIR,p. 7-29); • Disrupt or adversely affect a paleontological site (Draft ER, p. 7-29); or • Disrupt or adversely affect a property that may be eligible for inclusion in the California Register of Historic Places (Draft EIR,p. 7-29). Impact: Water Resources 7.1 Future development under the provisions of the General Plan could result in the degradation of surface and groundwater quality due to urban runoff. (Draft ER,p. 7-6.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would require various construction- related activities that could affect water quality. Grading and excavation activities could expose soil to increased rates of erosion and increase sedimentation to surface waters. Construction activities could also involve the use of heavy machinery and other construction equipment,which could result in spills and the release of pollutants percolating into the ground and/or flowing into surface waters. General Plan Policies NR1A through NR1Kwould minimize soil-erosion and sedimentation impacts resulting from construction-related activities, and would improve the quality of stormwater runoff. These policies require the use of Best Management Practices(BMPs)to minimize soil erosion and sedimentation, approval of erosion- and sediment-control plans prior to undertaking grading activities, establishment and application of substantial fines for failure to comply with the requirements of the Grading Ordinance and/or approved erosion- and sediment-control plans, and modification of the City's Grading Ordinance to address erosion and sedimentation to small projects that are not subject to this ordinance. BMPs can include restricting site preparation to the dry season, prohibiting excavation of materials being deposited or stored where the material could be washed City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 30 away by stormwater runoff, reporting any spills or leaks from the use of machinery and other heavy equipment, and cleaning up in accordance with applicable local, State, and Federal regulations. General Plan policies also require the use of Best Engineering Practices for stormwater collection and disposal and cooperation with Shasta County and other regional, State, and Federal agencies to reduce the amount of pollutants entering the surface-water system from agriculture,golf courses,and urban runoff. A long-term effect of new development would be the increase of impervious surfaces,which could increase levels of stormwater runoff and reduce groundwater recharge. Another long-term effect of new development would be the increase in urban stormwater runoff. Runoff from paved areas could carry oil and grease. Runoff from landscaped areas could contribute chemicals from fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. The use of BMPs would reduce these long-term effects. For example, oil and grease separators can be used to control roadway and parking lot contaminants; peak-flow reduction and infiltration practices, such as grass swales and infiltration trenches; and storm-drain inlets can be labeled to educate the public of impacts associated with dumping on receiving waters. The General Plan Policies NR4A throughNR4E would minimize surface-water,groundwater and soil contamination from new development in order to preserve water quality. These policies require coordination with the Shasta County Environmental Health Division and other appropriate agencies to educate the public regarding handling and disposal of hazardous materials,continue operation of the City's Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program, and limit the establishment of new septic systems to areas where residential densities are low and soils are suitable. Policy NR4D requires the City to work with appropriate local, State, and Federal agencies to ensure that those responsible for soil, surface-water, and/or groundwater contamination are required to initiate, monitor, and complete full remediation activities. New industrial uses anticipated to occur could affect surface-water quality. However, there are Federal and State regulations in place to protect water resources. The National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) provisions necessary to implement the Clean Water Act require establishment of an industrial pretreatment program to prevent release of industrial waste discharges to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), such as the City's wastewater treatment plant. NPDES provisions necessary to implement the program are provided in 40 CFR 403. By controlling the quality of the industrial wastewater entering a POTW, harmful contaminants that could affect the wastewater treatment process, present a health risk to plant workers, or become part of the effluent stream are minimized. To accomplish this, treatment plant-specific concentration limits ("local limits") are established, monitored, and enforced by the POTW for industrial dischargers. The Regional Water Quality Control Board(RWQCB)supervises the City ofRedding's Pretreatment Program. The General Industrial Stormwater Permit, adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)in 1991,requires industrial dischargers to: (1)eliminate illicit discharges of stormwater to stormwater systems; (2) develop and implement a stormwater pollution prevention plan; and (3) perform monitoring of discharges to stormwater systems. Draft revisions to the permit were proposed in 1997 and include: establishment of an extensive formula for developing and implementing Stormwater Pollution Prevention Programs, performance of annual comprehensive site compliance audits, and modification of existing permit monitoring requirements by requiring quarterly non-stormwater-discharge observations. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 31 General Plan Policies NR3A through NR3E would help preserve and protect the quantity and quality of groundwater resources as a result of new development. These policies require compliance with the RWQCB's regulations and standards and cooperation with appropriate State,Federal,and local agencies to protect groundwater quality. At the Federal level,stormwater quality standards are established by NPDES,adopted as Section 402 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) as amended in 1987. State legislation addressing water quality is contained in the approved Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act. In California, the State Water Resources Control Board(SWRCB)and the nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards(RWQCB) administer both the NPDES and State regulations. Water quality objectives for the Sacramento River and its tributaries are specified in The Water Quality Control Plan for the Sacramento River Basin and San Joaquin River Basin prepared by the Central Valley RWQCB in compliance with the Federal CWA and the State Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. The Basin Plan establishes water quality objectives and implementation programs to meet stated objectives and to protect the beneficial uses of water in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin. The State requires that any construction activity affecting five acres or more obtain a General Construction Activity Stormwater Permit. The purpose of this permit,which was adopted in 1992, is to minimize the potential water quality impacts associated with land development during construction. Permit applicants are required to prepare a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). In 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) proposed revisions to the 1992 general permit to clarify that all construction activity,including small construction sites that are part of a larger common plan (e.g., sites under five acres), would be eligible for coverage under the revised permit. The SWRCB has not yet developed a revised State permit that reflects the revised EPA requirements. Any project developed under the Draft General Plan that is over five acres would be subject to permit requirements. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1,coupled with required compliance with State and Federal regulations for the protection of surface water and groundwater resources,changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that minimize the long- and short-term impacts associated with construction and operation and avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts to water resources, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Natural Resources Element, pp. 3-11; Community Development and Design Element, pp. 20-21 Draft EIR: Section 7.1 Background Report: Section 9.2 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Natural Resources Element City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 32 maintained. These policies would ensure that new development would not result in a substantial conflict between existing or new mineral extraction operations and newly urban or suburban land uses or substantially reduce the availability of significant mineral deposits. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts to mineral resources,the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Natural Resources Element,pp. 13-14 Draft EIR: Section 7.4 Background Report: Section 9.6 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Natural Resources Element General Plan Diagram Impact: Historic and Cultural Resources 7.5 Potentially significant impacts to archaeological resources which currently exist within the City and its Planning Area. Potentially significant impacts to historic resources.(Draft EIR,p. 7-30.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Development and redevelopment in the City could result in the demolition or alteration of historically significant buildings and structures. The Draft General Plan includes several policies to preserve historic and architecturally significant sites from development and to ensure that surrounding development is compatible with surrounding buildings. The Redding area has numerous archaeological resources,primarily because of its location along the Sacramento River and its tributary streams. The river, streams, and old river terraces are prime locations for archaeological resources. Prehistoric village sites are primarily located within several hundred meters of a permanent water source. Burial sites are almost always associated with a village site,although not all village sites contain burials. Smaller villages and campsites occur along both permanent and seasonal water courses. Other sites, such as petroglyphs,bedrock mortars, or lithic scatters, do not necessarily occur along a water course. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 35 The policies of the General Plan would ensure that project proponents for all projects take all available precautions in determining the potential for archaeological resources on project sites prior to the commencement of construction activities as well as during construction. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts to historic and cultural resources, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Natural Resources Element, p. 13 Draft E1R: Section 7.5 Background Report: Section 8.3 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Natural Resources Element 6. HEALTH AND SAFETY Standards of Significance Impacts on health and safety are considered significant if adoption or implementation of the Project would: • Result in unacceptable risk to life or property from seismic or geologic hazards (Draft ER, p. 8-4); • Result in significant increase in the exposure of people to major fire hazards(Draft EIR, P. 8-5); • Cause substantial flooding or interfere with emergency response plans or emergency evacuation plans (Draft EIR, p. 8-10); • Create a potential public health hazard or involve the use, production, or disposal of materials which pose a hazard to people, animals, or plant populations (Draft EIR,p. 8- 15); • Create a potential public safety hazard or conflict with adopted environmental plans(Draft ER, p. 8-17); • Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air plan;violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation;result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard; City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 36 Impact: Wildlife Habitat 7.3 Plan implementation has the potential to affect species of animal or plant or the habitat of the species; diminish habitat for fish, wildlife, or plants. (Draft EIR, p. 7-23-24.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The Draft General Plan contains policies to direct future development and minimize and/or mitigate for potential environmental impacts. Some of these policies are also illustrated in Figures 1-8, 1-10, 1-11,and 1-14 of the Draft General Plan. For example,Figure 1-11 points out the need to minimize the use of channels or levees for flood control and development of a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)or similar plan for protection of vernal pools. Figure 1-8 calls for retaining and integrating natural features in the Planning Area. Policy NR6D establishes minimum development setbacks (buffers) from riparian vegetation. Several of the focus areas in the Draft General Plan encourage aggressive tree-planting and maintenance to create an integral natural setting in the city. Landscape plantings will be avoided in existing natural habitats, however, except where normative vegetation would be replaced with native vegetation. Other policies,such as NR6A, NR6B, and NR6E, address preservation of important habitats, the use of adequate buffering, and the conservation of"Special Status" species. Potential project impacts to wildlife and sensitive wildlife habitat could necessitate agency consultation to assess the nature and extent of the potential impacts, to enforce legal requirements for guiding development and construction,and to impose appropriate mitigation plans. For example, potential impacts on nesting birds would be regulated by Fish and Game Code Sections 3503, 3503.5, and 3513 and would require avoiding disturbance to and/or removal of nesting media. Potential project impacts associated with Federally and State listed species would require consultation with USFWS, pursuant to Sections 7 and 10 of the Federal Endangered Species Act, and with California Department of Fish and Game(CDFG),pursuant to the California Endangered Species Act, as to the nature and extent of the potential impacts, take allotments, legal procedures, permitting, and species-specific mitigation requirements. Activities requiring placement of fill material in jurisdictional wetlands would be subject to regulations imposed by the Army Corps of Engineers,pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, and would require mitigation to replace the area and value of wetland habitat lost. Impacts to streams and rivers in the Planning Area would require consultation with CDFG;acquisition of a Streambed Alteration Agreement,pursuant to Fish and Game Code Sections 1601-1603; and an associated mitigation plan. The Draft General Plan goals, policies, guidelines, and mitigation options, together with all other appropriate legal routes necessary for adherence to other applicable policies and regulations,would reduce impacts to a less than significant level and will adequately protect biological resources in the city of Redding. No additional feasible mitigation measures would be necessary in the General Plan. However,as the above policies and guidelines for establishing appropriate development protocol are generalized in nature, project-specific environmental review (impact assessments, mitigation City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 33 measures,and alternatives)would need to be established as individual projects arise in order to fully protect the biological resources in the Planning Area. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts to wildlife habitat, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element,pp 20-21;Natural Resources Element,pp. 6-11 Draft EIR: Section 7.3 Background Report: Section 9.5 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Natural Resources Element Community Development and Design Element Federal Endangered Species Act California Fish and Game Code California Endangered Species Act Clean Water Act Streambed Alteration Agreements Impact: Mineral Resources 7.4 Significant deposits of Portland cement concrete-grade aggregate resources exist within the urban area. Development under the General Plan could result in substantial land use conflicts and/or a substantial reduction of the availability of aggregate deposits. (Draft EIR, p. 7-27.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would occur in areas of significant mineral resources, classified as MRZ-2a or 2b. These classifications and existing sand and gravel mining operations are included within the Critical Mineral Resource Overlay. New development could result in the loss of significant mineral resources. However, the policies in the Draft General Plan would protect these resources by ensuring that development would be compatible in or near the Critical Mineral Resource Overlay and would focus on efforts to protect the area. Under Policy NR13C, one unit per 40 acres in this overlay zone is recommended. Draft General Plan Policy NR13B requires that current information on the status and location of mineral resources is City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 34 expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations;and create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people (Draft EIR, p. 8-21); or • Produced noise levels which exceed the standards contained in the General Plan Policy Document,or the expected change in ambient noise levels,or the recommendations made by the Federal Interagency Committee on Noise in August 1992 (Draft EIR, pp. 8-30 & 8-31). Impact: Seismic and Geological Hazards 8.1 Future development in accordance with the General Plan may expose persons and structures to ground shaking and liquefaction. (Draft E1R, p. 8-4.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would expose more people to geologic hazards, and could be located in areas of liquefaction, ground-shaking, volcanic hazards, seiches, landslides, and other ground failures. The greatest potential for liquefaction and ground-shaking to occur would be along the Sacramento River. Areas along the river would be used for residential, general commercial, parks, public facilities, and open space. Impacts from landslides would be greatest within the westernmost part of the urban area,which would be primarily used as open space. Other geologic hazards are not considered to pose a significant hazard in the urban area. Specific General Plan policies would help minimize geologic impacts. General Plan Policy HS1A requires that new structures and alterations to existing structures comply with the seismic safety requirements of the Uniform Building Code. Policy HS1B would provide protection from liquefaction hazards by requiring future development to develop mitigation plans and to incorporate necessary infrastructure in areas with a high liquefaction potential. Policy HSI C would require determination of the landslide,slope instability,and erosion potential of proposed development sites located in potential hazard areas. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore,as to potential impacts from seismic and geological hazards, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Health and Safety Element, pp. 2-5 Draft EIR: Section 8.1 Background Report: Section 10.2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 37 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Health and Safety Element Uniform Building Code Impact: Wildland and Urban Fire Potential 8.2 Development in accordance with the General Plan may expose persons to increased risk of wildland fire hazards. (Draft EIR, p. 8-7.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The urban area is subject to both urban and wildland fire hazards. Urban fire hazards could occur in any urban development, and wildland fire hazards are greatest along the western, eastern, and northern boundaries of the urban area. These areas contain open-space, residential, and public- facility uses. New nonresidential buildings and multiple-family structures are required by the Uniform Fire Code to incorporate sprinklers, fire-resistant building materials, and smoke detectors. City and County regulations require minimum roadway widths for fire access and the provision of fire hydrants in areas with public water service. The City also requires the establishment and maintenance of fire- safe buffers on new residential development in fire-prone areas. The Redding General Plan contains several policies that would minimize wildland and urban fire hazards. Policy HS4A requires the maintenance of an Insurance Service Office(ISO)rating of 3 or better. Policy HS4D requires that remote hillside developments maintain sufficient water supplies on site to provide wildland fire protection. To provide urban fire protection, cul-de-sacs are to be no greater than 600 feet in length and have a sufficient turnaround area as required by Policy HS4I. Policy HS4Jrequires each residential subdivision to have at least two points of access. Compliance with General Plan policies and existing Federal, State, County, and City regulations would ensure that all new development within the urban area meets industry construction standards for fire safety. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts from wildland and urban fire, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Health and Safety Element,pp. 7, 11-13 Draft EIR: Section 8.2 Background Report: Section 10.4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 38 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Health and Safety Element Uniform Fire Code Impact: Flooding 8.3 Development in accordance with the General Plan may expose persons to flood hazards. (Draft EIR, p. 8-13.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: New development would increase the amount of impervious surface area,which could raise surface runoff, which in turn could increase the flooding potential. The General Plan contains several policies that would minimize flooding hazards. General Plan Policy HS2D requires the design of new development to minimize hazards associated with flooding. Development would be strictly limited in areas located within the 100-year floodplain, as required by Policy HS2E. Policy HS2G requires the establishment of a regional stormwater detention system at appropriate locations in area watersheds to minimize flooding hazards,while Policy HS2Hrequires new development to prevent increases in stormwater runoff. Any new structures built in the floodplain could increase water levels,resulting in a greater potential for flooding to occur. The City would control development in the floodplain by applying the provisions of Chapter 18.47 of the Zoning Ordinance to flood-prone properties. Chapter 18.47 of the ordinance not only establishes uses permitted or excluded from floodplain areas and establishes necessary permit processing procedures, but also requires that any new development approved adjacent to an identified floodplain have finished-floor elevations a minimum of one foot above the flood elevation, which is a greater amount of freeboard than required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Minor encroachments into the floodplain would be allowed as long as they would not increase water velocities or elevations, exceeding adopted thresholds. Dam failure would expose areas within the inundation areas to flooding. These hazard areas are located along the Sacramento River and the southern boundary of the urban area. Under Policy HS3A, the City's Disaster Response Plan would include procedures that address potential flooding created by uncontrolled releases from Shasta Dam and includes procedures on the evacuation of potential dam inundation areas. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, together with the City's Zoning Ordinance, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that will minimize flooding and dam failure inundation hazards and avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts from flooding, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 39 Citations: Draft General Plan: Health and Safety Element, pp. 5-10 Draft EIR: Section 8.3 Background Report: Section 10.3 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Redding Municipal Code Chapter 18.47 Impact: Hazardous Materials 8.4 Development under the General Plan may increase both the number of businesses that utilize hazardous materials and the amount of hazardous materials transported on local roadways. This can lead to increased risk of exposure to residents of the city. (Draft EIR, p. 8-16.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: New development proposed under the General Plan Diagram would result in the increased possibility of exposure to hazardous materials due to the increase in population within the urban area. The additional population would also result in more household hazardous materials being used. New industrial development within the urban area would increase the amount of hazardous materials being used as well. The General Plan includes several policies that would minimize hazardous materials impacts. Policy HS9A requires new development that either produces, stores, utilizes, or disposes of significant amounts of hazardous materials or waste to incorporate state-of-the-art project designs and building materials to protect employees and adjacent land uses. Policy HS9C requires that soils containing toxic or hazardous substances be remediated before new development would be allowed. Policy HS9F encourages the State to regularly monitor and report on the types and amounts of hazardous materials being transported through the urban area. this impact would be considered to be less than significant. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, and by complying with General Plan policies, the City of Redding Hazardous Materials Incident Plan, the Shasta County Hazardous Waste Management Plan,and the City of Redding Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program, in combination with the efforts of the Shasta County Environmental Health Division and all pertinent Federal and State regulations,changes or alterations have been required in,or incorporated into,the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore,as to potential impacts from hazardous materials, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 40 Citations: Draft General Plan: Health and Safety Element, pp. 16-17 Draft EIR: Section 8.4 Background Report: Section 10.6 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Health and Safety Element Public Facilities and Services Element City of Redding Hazardous Materials Incident Plan Shasta County Hazardous Waste Management Plan City of Redding Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program Impact: Airport Safety 8.5 Two public airports are located within the existing Redding city limits—Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. Development under the General Plan may place additional persons at risk from potential airplane crashes. (Draft EIR,p. 8-19.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: The General Plan designates areas surrounding Benton Airpark and the Redding Municipal Airport for restricted development consistent with the City of Redding Municipal Code,the Shasta County Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC), and existing Federal regulations. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts from airport safety, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Health and Safety Element, pp. 14-15 Draft EIR: Section 8.5 Background Report: Section 10.5 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Health and Safety Element Redding Municipal Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan Benton Airpark Comprehensive Land Use Plan City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 41 Redding Municipal Airport Area Plan Westside Area Plan Impact: Noise 8.7 Plan implementation will result in short-term noise impacts associated with construction activities. Increased traffic volumes will result in potentially significant noise impacts to residential areas located near State highways and arterial streets. Plan implementation will result in noise impacts in the currently undeveloped areas by increasing ambient noise levels. (Draft EIR, p. 8-35 & 8-36.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Explanation: Overall background noise levels are expected to increase due to new development under the General Plan Diagram. The primary noise source is expected to be increased motor vehicle traffic. Existing residents could experience increases in traffic noise which may be considered significant. Traffic Noise Levels. Noise levels due to traffic are expected to occur due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram. Noise impacts may occur due to the construction of new roadways encroaching upon existing noise-sensitive uses. Policies N2B through N2J contained within the Noise Element will reduce noise impacts due to new transportation facilities. Noise impacts may occur due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing or proposed major roadways. Policies N2B and N2E contained within the Noise Element will reduce traffic noise impacts upon new noise-sensitive uses. Overall traffic volumes are expected to increase along existing roadways throughout the City of Redding as a result of growth in the area. Based upon Table 8-4 of the Final EIR,increases in noise levels along some of these roadways are expected to be significant. The City could implement programs which reduce traffic noise levels at noise-sensitive uses adjacent to roadways experiencing significant increases in traffic noise levels. Programs for reducing traffic noise levels include the construction of noise barriers, reducing travel speeds, restricting truck traffic and the use of rubberized asphalt when repaving occurs. In some instances this may not be feasible due to economic or aesthetic constraints. Policies N2F, N2G, N2H, and N2J of the General Plan are expected to reduce noise impacts due to the growth-related increases in traffic on existing major roadways. It is anticipated that roadway improvement projects will be required to accommodate buildout of the General Plan. Existing uses may be exposed to increased noise levels associated with roadway improvement projects as a result of increased roadway capacity and increases in travel speeds. It may not be practical to reduce traffic noise levels due to roadway improvement projects to achieve the standards contained within the Noise Element. One measure for determining a significant impact City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 42 due to a roadway improvement project is to implement Policy N2D. In addition, the City could implement policies such as Policies N2F,N2G, and N2H, which reduce traffic noise levels at noise- sensitive uses adjacent to roadway improvement projects experiencing significant increases in traffic noise levels. These policies include programs for reducing traffic noise levels and include the construction of noise barriers, reducing travel speeds, restricting truck traffic, and the use of rubberized asphalt when repaving occurs. However,in some instances,this may not be feasible due to economic or aesthetic constraints. Railroad Noise Levels. Noise exposures due to railroad line activities are expected to occur due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram. Noise impacts may occur due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing railroad lines. Policies N2B, N2E, and N2J are expected to reduce noise impacts due to the encroachment of new noise-sensitive uses upon existing railroad line operations. Industrial and Other Fixed Noise Sources. Noise exposures due to industrial and other fixed noise sources are expected to increase due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram. Noise impacts may occur due to the construction of new industrial and other fixed noise sources which encroach upon existing noise-sensitive uses. Policies N3B through N3G of the Noise Element are expected to reduce noise impacts due to new industrial and other fixed noise sources reduced. Noise impacts may occur due to the construction of new noise-sensitive uses which encroach upon existing industrial and other fixed noise sources. Policies N3A,N3C, and N3I are expected to reduce noise impacts from existing industrial and other fixed noise sources at new noise-sensitive uses. Aircraft Noise Levels. Noise exposures from operations at the Redding Municipal Airport and at Benton Airpark are expected to increase due to implementation of the General Plan Diagram and as a result of the subsequent development of the airports in accordance with their Master Plans. General Plan Policies N2B, N2E, and N2I, are expected to reduce noise impacts due to increases in aircraft operations at the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. As reflected by the mitigation measures identified in Table 1, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that avoid the significant environmental effects as identified in the Final EIR. Therefore, as to potential impacts from traffic,railroad, industrial, and aircraft noise, the significance after mitigation is considered less than significant. Citations: Draft General Plan: Noise Element, pp. 3-22 Draft EIR: Section 8.7 Background Report: Chapter 11 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Noise Element Redding Municipal Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan Benton Airpark Comprehensive Land Use Plan City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 43 B. FINDINGS—IMPACTS THAT REMAIN SIGNIFICANT AND UNAVOIDABLE In adopting the 2000-2020 General Plan, the City Council also finds that, as to certain impacts, changes or alterations,in the form of the application of existing policies and regulatory requirements, have been required in, or incorporated into, the Project that substantially lessen, but do not avoid, the potentially significant environmental effects. No further mitigation is available to render those effects less than significant. The effects therefore remain potentially significant and unavoidable. Table 2 includes an assessment of the potential impacts prior to and following the imposition of mitigation measures as identified in the Final EIR. The table, together with a more detailed discussion below, identifies each impact and how, despite the application of feasible mitigation measures, the impacts remain significant and unavoidable. TABLE 2 • SUMMARY OF UNAVOIDABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS SIGNIFICANCE EXPANDED LEVEL OF PROPOSED MITIGATION DISCUSSION TOPIC IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFTER SIGNIFICANCE MEASURES (SEE IMPACT MITIGATION NO.) Agricultural Under the 2000-2020 General Plan, Potentially NR15A,NR 15B, Potentially 7.2 Resources approximately 1,300 acres of agricultural land, significant NR15C Significant classified as prime agricultural land by the and California Department of Conservation(CDC) Unavoidable Farmland Mapping Program,is designated for urban development. The loss of these agricultural lands is considered a significant impact. Air Quality Growth in population and employment Potentially Goal 1,Obj. la,Pol. 1 Potentially 8.6 associated with development under the General significant Goal 1,Obj. 1 b,Pol.7, 11 Significant Plan would result in a substantial increase in Goal 1,Obj. Id,Pol. 14-15 and local and regional air pollutants which would Goal 2,Pol. 17-21 Unavoidable exceed established thresholds. This situation Goal 2,Obj.2a,Pol.22-28 will be exacerbated if the area is classified as Goal 3,Pol.2a,30 nonattainment in the year 2000 due to proposed Goal 4,Pol.31-33 revised Federal ozone standards. The following significant air quality impacts will result from the 2000-2020 General Plan: • Vehicular, area, and stationary sources associated with population increases will add to the emissions burden at a time when substantial reductions in current emissions will be needed if the State ambient air quality standards are to be met. • Sometime between 2010 and 2020, increased vehicle use associated with population increases will reverse the current trend of gradual reduction in countywide NO,emissions. • PM10 emissions associated with vehicle use will be increasing each year through the year 2020. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 44 1. NATURAL RESOURCES Impact: Conversion of Agricultural Land 7.2 Under the 2000-2020 General Plan, approximately 1,300 acres of agricultural land, classified as prime agricultural land by the California Department of Conservation(CDC) Farmland Mapping Program, is designated for urban development. The loss of these agricultural lands is considered a significant impact. (Draft EIR, p. 7-10.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been incorporated into the Project which lessen the significant effect on the conversion of agricultural land identified in the Final EIR,but are not to a level that is less than significant. Specific economic, legal, technological, or other considerations make infeasible additional mitigation measures and/or alternatives identified in the Final EIR which could further mitigate the Plan's impacts on prime agricultural land. Specific overriding economic, legal, technological, or other benefits of the 2000-2020 General Plan outweigh the significant effects on agricultural lands. Explanation: Important farmlands comprise 24.2 percent of the urban area, of which 7.1 percent is considered to be prime farmland. Within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas, prime farmland (outside "greenway" areas) amounts to 1,300 acres. The total amount of land previously developed within the urban area is 27.8 percent. New development would occur on land designated as prime farmland located primarily along the eastern boundary and in the southeastern part of the urban area. It is assumed that all 1,300 acres would be impacted by urbanization. General Plan Policies NR15A through NR15C would promote the economic viability of agriculture in areas suited for agricultural use. Implementation of these policies would encourage the preservation of existing prime agricultural soils outside the City's growth areas by limiting five-acre and larger lot sized development on prime soils,discouraging the cancellation of Williamson Act contracts,and ensuring that new urban development would be compatible with existing agricultural practices. However,any loss of prime farmland is considered to be a significant impact. The General Plan policy document includes policies which address impacts on agricultural lands associated with development under the General Plan Diagram. Even with implementation of these policies and programs, the loss of agricultural land cannot be mitigated to a level that is less than significant. Specific economic,legal,technological,or other considerations make infeasible additional mitigation measures and/or alternatives identified in the FEIR which could further mitigate the Plan's impacts to prime agricultural land. No further mitigation is available to render the effect less than significant. The effect therefore remains potentially significant and unavoidable. Specific overriding economic, legal,technological,or other benefits of the 2000-2020 General Plan outweigh the significant effects on agricultural lands. These benefits are described and considered in further detail below in Section XI Statement of Overriding Considerations. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 45 Citations: Draft General Plan: Natural Resources Element, p. 15 Draft EIR: Section 7.2 Background Report: Section 9.4 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Natural Resources Element 2. HEALTH AND SAFETY Impact: Regional Air Quality 8.6 Growth in population and employment associated with development under the General Plan would result in a substantial increase in local and regional air pollutants which would exceed established thresholds. This situation will be exacerbated if the area is classified as nonattainment in the year 2000 due to proposed revised Federal ozone standards. The following significant air quality impacts will result from the 2000-2020 General Plan: • Vehicular, area, and stationary sources associated with population increases will add to the emissions burden at a time when substantial reductions in current emissions will be needed if the State ambient air quality standards are to be met. • Sometime between 2010 and 2020, increased vehicle use associated with population increases will reverse the current trend of gradual reduction in countywide NO„ emissions. • PM10 emissions associated with vehicle use will be increasing each year through the year 2020. The 2000-2020 General Plan's policies comprise a comprehensive strategy for reducing the air quality impacts of development and transportation systems, although not to a level that would be considered insignificant. (Draft EIR, p. 8-26.) Finding: Changes or alterations have been incorporated into the Project which lessen the significant effect on regional air quality identified in the Final EIR, but are not to a level that is less than significant. Specific economic, legal, social, technological, or other considerations make infeasible additional mitigation measures and/or alternatives identified in the FEIR which could further mitigate the Plans's impacts on regional air quality. Specific overriding economic, legal, social,technological, or other benefits of the General Plan outweigh the significant effects on regional air quality. Explanation: The General Plan includes policies which address impacts on regional air quality associated with development under the General Plan Diagram (Air Quality Element policies: GOAL 1, Obj la, Pol City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 46 1; GOAL 1, Obj lb, Pol 7, 11; GOAL 1, Obj ld, Po114, 15; GOAL 2, Po117, 18, 19, 20, 21; GOAL 2, Obj, 2a, Pol 22, 23, 24, 25, 28; GOAL 3, Pol 2a, 30; GOAL 4, Pol 31, 32, 33). These policies take several steps at many different levels to reduce the aforementioned impacts. Policies 7, 10, 18, and 26 create opportunities for expanded transit use to help reduce automobile emissions. Additionally, Policies 7, 11, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20, 23, and 28 also seek to reduce automobile emissions by encouraging pedestrian and bicycle-oriented travel and employer-based, trip-reduction programs. Policies 29 through 33 reduce particulate emissions from a variety of sources such as construction, wood stoves, and unpaved roads. Finally, Policy 1 requires the application of Best Available Mitigation Measures for development projects, while Policies 18 and 22 address the link between land use,transportation,and air quality. Even with implementation of these policies,the impact on regional air quality cannot be mitigated to a level that is less than significant. Specific overriding economic,legal,technological,or other benefits of the 2000-2020 General Plan outweigh the significant effects on regional air quality. No further mitigation is available to render the effect less than significant. The effect therefore remains potentially significant and unavoidable. These benefits are described and considered in further detail below in Section XI Statement of Overriding Considerations. Citations: Draft General Plan: Air Quality Element, Section V Applicable Policies and Regulations: Air Quality Element Clean Air Act Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan C. FINDINGS- CUMULATIVE IMPACTS The 2000-2020 General Plan's Final EIR contains information relating to citywide cumulative impacts that are applicable to the basis used for the cumulative analysis in the Final EIR. The portions of this document that pertain to the cumulative analysis are hereby incorporated by reference into this section of these findings. Impacts: Cumulative 9.7 The Final EIR identifies the following cumulative impacts: • Land Use and Agricultural Resources. Approximately 1,300 acres of prime farmland would be converted to urban uses. • Traffic. Increased congestion and level-of-service deterioration in the long term. • Air Quality. Long-range regional air quality degradation of the air basin. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan-Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 47 • Natural Environment. Incremental loss of wildlife habitat. (Draft EIR,pp. 9-13 & 9-14.) Finding: Based on the Final EIR and the entire record before the City Council, the Council finds that the mitigation measures identified within the Final EIR will mitigate potentially significant cumulative impacts for traffic, land use,and the natural environment to a less than significant level. The impacts are effectively mitigated by the measures' ability to reduce the 2000-2020 General Plan's contribution to the cumulative effect. The identified measures will reduce all cumulative impacts for traffic, land use, and the natural environment to a less than significant level. Citations: Draft General Plan: Community Development and Design Element, pp. 20, 21, 27, 28, 31; Transportation Element,pp. 2-8; Appendix A and B; Natural Resources Element, pp. 6-11 Draft EIR: pp. 3-8–3-11; Section 4.1; Appendix B; Section 7.3 Background Report: Section 9.5 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Shasta County General Plan Community Development and Design Element Transportation Element Noise Element Natural Resources Element Cortese-Knox Act California Endangered Species Act Federal Endangered Species Act California Fish and Game Code Clean Water Act Streambed Alteration Agreements Finding: Significant impacts to Agricultural Resources and Air Quality will remain significant and unavoidable, despite the implementation of mitigation measures proposed, as discussed below in Section XI Statement of Overriding Considerations. D. FINDINGS—GROWTH-INDUCING IMPACTS Growth inducement is caused when barriers to growth are removed. These barriers can be either physical barriers (such as topographic constraints or lack of services) or policy barriers (such as adopted land use designations). By designating portions of the Planning Area for more intense urban uses, the 2000-2020 General Plan is,by its nature, growth-inducing. In the case of the 2000-2020 General Plan, however, coordinated planning on a larger scale is a primary objective and is not considered a significant environmental impact. The Plan's attributes, which include a more orderly and environmentally sensitive growth pattern and the provision of housing and employment, are considered beneficial effects. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 48 Findings: Based on the FEIR and the entire record before the City Council, the Council finds that the growth-inducing impacts occurring as a result of General Plan implementation are outweighed by the Plan's benefits, including a more orderly and environmentally sensitive growth pattern and the provision of additional housing and employment. Citations: Draft General Plan: Introduction, pp. 1, 5; Community Development and Design Element, pp. 17-21, 23-25, 27, 28; Transportation Element, pp. 4-8, 13 Applicable Policies and Regulations: Community Development and Design Element Transportation Element Air Quality Element Cortese-Knox Act X. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES Where a lead agency has determined that,even after the adoption of all feasible mitigation measures, a project as proposed will still cause one or more significant environmental effects that cannot be substantially lessened or avoided,the agency,prior to approving the project as mitigated,must first determine whether,with respect to such impacts,there remain any project alternatives that are both environmentally superior and feasible within the meaning of CEQA. As noted earlier,in Section VI of these Findings, an alternative may be "infeasible" if it fails to fully promote the lead agency's underlying goals and objectives with respect to the project. Thus, "'feasibility' under CEQA encompasses 'desirability' to the extent that desirability is based on a reasonable balancing of the relevant economic,environmental,social,and technological factors."of a project.(City of Del Mar, supra, 133 Cal.App.3d at 417; see also Sequoyah Hills, supra, 23 Cal.App.4th at 715.) The detailed discussion in Section IX demonstrates that all significant environmental effects of the project but two have been either substantially lessened or avoided through the imposition of existing policies or regulations or by the adoption of additional, formal mitigation measures recommended in the EIR. The unmitigated impacts are Impact 7.2, the loss of 1,300 acres of prime agricultural land, and Impact 8.6, the impacts to regional air quality. Thus, the City can fully satisfy its CEQA obligations by determining whether any alternatives identified in the Draft EIR are both feasible and environmentally superior with respect to these two impacts. (Laurel Hills,supra, 83 Cal.App.3d at 519-527; [147 Cal.Rptr. 842]; Kings County Farm Bureau v. City of Hanford (1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 692, 730-731 [270 Cal.Rptr. 650]; and Laurel Heights Improvement Association v. Regents of the University of California(1988)47 Ca1.3d 376,400-403 [253 Cal.Rptr.426].) As the succeeding discussion will show, no identified alternative qualifies as both feasible and environmentally superior with respect to the unmitigated impacts. For the sake of full disclosure,moreover,the City notes that,even with mitigation in the form of the application of existing policies and,where feasible,the addition of formal mitigation measures,the City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 49 following significant cumulative effects remain significant and unavoidable,though they have been substantially lessened: loss of agricultural lands, roadway segments and intersections with unacceptable levels of service, impacts to regional air quality, and incremental degradation or loss of wildlife habitat To fully account for these unavoidable significant effects, and the extent to which particular alternatives might or might not be environmentally superior with respect to them,these Findings will not focus solely on Impacts 7.2 and 8.6, but instead will address the environmental merits of the alternatives with respect to all broad categories of impacts — even though such a far-ranging discussion is not required by CEQA. The Findings will also assess whether each alternative is feasible in light of the City's objectives for the Project. The City's review of project alternatives is guided primarily by the need to reduce potential impacts associated with the Project, while still achieving the basic objectives of the Project. Here, the objectives of the 2000-2020 General Plan, referred to as "Guiding Principles" are as follows: P. Pursue a diverse and stable economy that creates ample employment opportunities. ► Preserve key features of Redding's history, open space, and the City's unique physical setting. ► Accommodate growth,while enhancing cultural amenities and Redding's special quality of life. ► Promote quality building that enhances community identity and complements neighborhood character. ► Provide for diverse and affordable housing. ► Conserve the natural environment and protect environmentally sensitive areas. ► Strive to ensure that investment in public services, facilities, and utilities is cost-effective. ► Provide a safe and healthy environment. The Draft EIR identified the following four potentially feasible alternatives to the Project. The City Council recognizes that,while several of the alternatives described below will yield environmental benefits within the City and the project area, the procurement of these benefits may have corresponding negative environmental impacts on the remainder of the city or neighboring jurisdictions. The City Council is cognizant of the possibility that alternatives may be illusory when viewed on a citywide basis. As such, alternatives will not be approved by the City Council where they achieve local environmental benefits at the expense of citywide environmental health or important 2000-2020 General Plan objectives and the realization of the City's long-term vision. Alternatives were selected on the basis of their ability to achieve the objectives of the 2000-2020 General Plan, while reducing its significant environmental impacts. Prior to selection of the alternatives, the 2000-2020 General Plan has undergone a series of conceptual changes, which City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 50 resulted in the ultimate size, intensity, and density of the current proposal. This process served as the initial background for the selection of the four alternatives to the 2000-2020 General Plan analyzed within the EIR. As required by CEQA Guideline section 15126(d)(2), a No Project Alternative was evaluated as a possible 2000-2020 General Plan option. The EIR No Project Alternative is discussed as two separate alternatives. Alternative 1 addresses development under the existing General Plan. Alternative 2 discusses "no development." Based on all the information in the record,the City Council makes the following findings regarding the alternatives discussed in the EIR. A. ALTERNATIVE 1 - EXISTING GENERAL PLAN ALTERNATIVE (NO PROJECT) Section 15126, subdivision (d)(4), of the CEQA Guidelines require the evaluation of the "No Project"alternative. Such an alternative"shall discuss the existing conditions,as well as what would be reasonably expected to occur in the foreseeable future if the project were not approved,based on current plans and consistent with available infrastructure and community services." Brief Description. This alternative would implement the current General Plan without any change. The environmental impacts of this alternative are described in Chapter 9, Section 9.4 of the Final FIR. This alternative would result in significant impacts in excess of the 2000-2020 General Plan. Findings. The City Council finds that the Existing General Plan Alternative (No Project) is less desirable than the 2000-2020 General Plan and rejects the alternative for the following reasons: 1. This alternative would be inconsistent with 2000-2020 General Plan objectives, which are to plan for population,housing,and area employment growth and to provide a comprehensive guide to the City's growth and development through the year 2020. 2. This alternative could result in environmental impacts which are significantly greater than the 2000-2020 General Plan. 3. This alternative would not resolve possible inconsistencies between current zoning and current General Plan designations and policies, as required by law. 4. This alternative would not resolve internal inconsistencies between elements of the current General Plan, as required by law. The following addresses the comparative impacts associated with Alternative 1 and the 2000-2020 General Plan. The comparison is based on Table 9.1 of the DEER. Land Use This alternative calls for the development nearly 21,000 more acres of land than the 2000-2020 General Plan. Alternative 1 would rely primarily on the development of open land,with incidental opportunities for infill and reuse. Much of the growth will occur on the periphery of the Planning Area,which would significantly change the current land use pattern and amount of land urbanized. Potential for agricultural-residential and residential-industrial would be more extensive and intrusive than under the 2000-2020 General Plan. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 51 Agricultural Land Conversion This alternative would have the highest amount of agricultural land converted to non-ag uses, approximately 3,400 acres. Much of the conversion of prime agricultural would occur on the east side of the Old Oregon Trail, along I-5 near Churn Creek Road, and along the eastern and southern most sides of the Planning Area. Development under this alternative would result in a significant impact. Traffic and Circulation The No Project-Existing General Plan alternative would have higher population and dwelling unit levels than the 2000-2020 General Plan, and therefore generates more traffic and requires more roadway capacity. Based on buildout of the residential component of the General Plan, approximately 823,000 trips a day would be generated. This about 17% higher than the proposed General Plan. Public Services and Utilities Based upon significantly on higher population projections for Alternative 1,the demands generated for public services would be proportionally higher than the 2000-2020 General Plan. A total of 65,690 acre feet per year(9,690 more than under the 2000-2020 General Plan)would be needed to accommodate water demand at buildout of this alternative. At buildout, the existing General Plan would generate 39.0 mgd of wastewater while the 2000-2020 General Plan would generate 28.1 mgd,a difference of 10 mgd. The existing General Plan would require 209 new police officers, 58 more than the 2000-2020 General Plan. The existing General Plan would create an additional demand of 1,540 acres of improved parkland, 425 acres higher than the 2000-2020 General Plan. Hydrology and Water Quality Alternative 1 would provide an increase in development intensity and geographic area with approximately 15,000 acres over the 2000-2020 General Plan.Compared to the 2000-2020 General Plan,the net result would be an increase in impervious surfaces,total runoff volumes,and exposure of more people to floods. Biological Resources Biological resources,such as wildlife habitat,would experience increased impacts under Alternative 1 as compared to the 2000-2020 General Plan. Assuming all land not encumbered by"Greenway" or protected by other means is developed,8,250 additional acres of habitat would be impacted. This includes 7,230 acres of Woodland, 980 acres of Grassland, and 40 acres of Chaparral. Impacts to riparian vegetation and verna pools would be similar for all alternatives given existing and proposed resource protection policies. Air Quality In direct relationship to circulation degradation, air quality emissions would be increased in comparison to the 2000-2020 General Plan. This alternative would also result in exceedances of City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 52 maximum emission thresholds. Development under this alternative would result in significant and unavoidable impacts. Cultural Resources Alternative 1 could result in the demolition or alteration of locally important cultural and historic buildings. The existing General Plan contains several policies to provide for the protection of these resources. However, since more land will be developed there is more risk from construction than under the 2000-2020 General Plan. Noise Noise generated by implementation of this alternative would be more intrusive than the preferred project due to a combination of more automobiles and more development in proximity to roadways. However,the existing General Plan contains policies that reduce noise impacts associated with new development to less-than-significant levels. Geology and Soils Alternative 1 would result in higher levels of grading activities and erosion potential than under the 2000-2020 General Plan. In general,geologic impacts under the Existing General Plan alternative would be greater than under the 2000-2020 General Plan. For these reasons, which imply that the City can easily absorb projected growth and correct any inconsistencies between the elements of its existing General Plan, the City Council concludes that the Existing General Plan Alternative(No Project)is not feasible. (See City of Del Mar, supra, 133 Cal.App.3d at 417; Sequoyah Hills, supra, 23 Cal.App.4th at 715.) Furthermore, the City Council sees no reason to turn down the Project as proposed, which reflects the community's considered judgment regarding how to plan for future growth and development in the City of Redding. The City Council believes it is appropriate to give some weight to this judgment. (See Laurel Hills,supra,83 Cal.App.3d at 521 (a "public agency may approve ... a project once its significant adverse effects have been reduced to an acceptable level--that is,all avoidable damage has been eliminated and that which remains is otherwise acceptable").) B. ALTERNATIVE 2-NO DEVELOPMENT(NO PROJECT) Brief Description. The No Development (No Project) Alternative, as discussed on Page 9-3 and evaluated in Section 9.4 of the EIR,would maintain existing land uses and conditions in their current state. ► The No Development(No Project)Alternative would represent a decreased level of impact in all areas measured on a quantitative basis. While the No Development(No Project)Alternative has been identified as the environmentally superior option,this is most likely only in the short-term perspective. Since growth is inevitable due to the demands for jobs and housing,consideration of the No Development (No Project)Alternative would leave the Planning Area open to future piecemeal, uncoordinated growth, which may not be comparable in quality to the level of planning incorporated in the 2000-2020 General Plan. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 53 Findings. The City Council finds that the No Development(No Project)Alternative is less desirable than the 2000-2020 General Plan and rejects Alternative 2 for the following reasons: 1. Mitigation Measures incorporated in the General Plan, or otherwise being adopted by this Council through the EIR,will substantially lessen or avoid most of the environmental effects of the 2000-2020 General Plan, thereby diminishing or obviating the perceived mitigating or impact-avoiding benefits of adopting the No Development (No Project) Alternative. 2. This alternative would be inconsistent with 2000-2020 General Plan objectives, which are to effectively plan for future population, housing, and employment growth and to provide a guide to the City's growth and development through the year 2020. 3. This alternative would be inconsistent with adopted policies,programs,and existing public and private investments and would not enable the City to achieve its long-term economic development objectives. 4. This alternative is inconsistent with the City's Housing Element and would prevent the City from accommodating its regional fair share of housing, as required by law. 5. This alternative would not accommodate future growth,which could subject the City to small, piecemeal requests for General Plan amendments that would make it difficult,or impossible,to mitigate the impacts on a citywide or comprehensive basis. 6. This alternative would not resolve possible inconsistencies between current zoning and current General Plan designations and policies, as required by law. 7. This alternative would not resolve possible internal inconsistencies between elements of the current General Plan, as required by law. The following addresses the comparative impacts associated with Alternative 2 and the 2000-2020 General Plan. The comparison is based on Table 9.1 of the DEIR. Land Use This alternative would not change the current land use pattern or amount of land urbanized. In addition, there is no potential for new land use conflicts. Agricultural Land Conversion Alternative 2 would result in no further loss of agricultural lands. Traffic and Circulation Alternative 2 would not place any additional demands on the transportation system serving the city and would therefore have no impact. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 54 Public Services and Utilities This alternative would not place any additional demands on the City's ability to provide water supply and delivery, wastewater treatment, storm drainage facilities, law enforcement, fire protection, parks, and solid waste disposal. Hydrology and Water Quality Alternative 2 would not result in any changes to or displacements of the City's environmental resources and would therefore have no impact. Biological Resources See "Hydrology and Water Quality" section. Air Quality See "Hydrology and Water Quality" section. Cultural Resources Alternative 2 would not result in the conversion of cultural or historical resources. Noise Alternative 2 would not result in any increased noise levels. Geology and Soils This Alternative would not result in the level of grading activities and erosion potential anticipated under the 2000-2020 General Plan. Nor would this alternative expose new residents to any geological hazards. For all of these reasons, the City Council concludes that the No Development (No Project) alternative is not feasible. (See City of Del Mar, supra, 133 Cal.App.3d at 417; Sequoyah Hills, supra, 23 Cal.App.4th at 715.) Furthermore, the City Council sees no reason to turn down the Project as proposed,which reflects the community's considered judgment regarding how to plan for future growth and development in the City of Redding. The City Council believes it is appropriate to give some weight to this judgment. (See Laurel Hills, supra, 83 Cal.App.3d at 521 (a "public agency may approve a ... project once its significant adverse effects have been reduced to an acceptable level -- that is, all avoidable damage has been eliminated and that which remains is otherwise acceptable").) C. ALTERNATIVE 3-LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC GROWTH ALTERNATIVE Brief Description. This alternative limits urban development to within the Primary Growth Area. Future opportunity for urban expansion to the east and northwest would be negated. This alternative City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 55 would result in lower population, housing, and employment growth than under the 2000-2020 General Plan. Findings. The City Council finds that the Limited Geographic Growth Alternative is less desirable than the 2000-2020 General Plan and rejects the alternative for the following reasons: 1. This alternative would be inconsistent with adopted policies, public investments made in infrastructures and infrastructure planning, and private investment expectations. 2. This alternative would restrict the supply of land available for housing and would adversely affect housing affordability. 3. The alternative would subject the City to small,piecemeal requests for General Plan amendments that would make it more difficult, if not impossible, to mitigate impacts on a citywide or comprehensive basis. 4. Mitigation measures incorporated into the 2000-2020 General Plan,or otherwise being adopted by the City Council, will substantially lessen or avoid most of the environmental effects of the 2000-2020 General Plan,thereby diminishing or obviating the perceived mitigating or impact- avoiding benefits of adopting the Limited Geographic Growth Alternative. 5. This alternative, while reducing the significant impacts to agricultural lands and air quality to some extent, would nevertheless result in impacts being considered significant. The following addresses the comparative impacts associated with Alternative 3 and the 2000-2020 General Plan. The comparison is based on Table 9.1 of the DEIR. Land Use Alternative 3 would limit the area for urban development to 45,811 acres. This is approximately 7,751 fewer acres than the 2000-2020 General Plan. The reduction of land availability will impact land costs and affect housing affordability. Within the Primary Growth Area, the development patterns will remain the same as the 2000-2020 General Plan. The potential for land use conflicts will remain the same as the 2000-2020 General Plan. Agricultural Land Conversion This alternative has less geographic area than the preferred project and would reduce farmland conversion by approximately 400 acres, especially on the east side of the Planning Area boundary in the Stillwater Creek basin. Development of this alternative would convert a total of 908 acres of agricultural land. Since development under this alternative would still convert prime farmland to nonagricultural uses, the impact is considered significant and unavoidable. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 56 Traffic and Circulation The population and dwelling unit levels projected for Alternative 3 would generate 652,126 daily vehicle trips. This alternative would have an 8 percent reduction in daily trips from the 2000-2020 General Plan. Public Services and Utilities With fewer total residences, a smaller population base, and a smaller geographic area than the 2000-2020 General Plan,Alternative 3 would have a less severe impact on public services. A total of 52,400 acre feet per year(3,600 less than under the 2000-2020 General Plan) would be needed to accommodate water demand at buildout of this alternative. Sewer system demands would be 22.1 mgd,nearly 6 mgd lower than the 2000-2020 General Plan. This alternative would create a demand for 130 additional police officers, 21 lower than needed under the 2000-2020 General Plan. Alternative 3 would create a demand for an additional 953 acres of improved parkland, 162 acres lower than the 2000-2020 General Plan. Hydrology and Water Quality With fewer total acres of impervious surface, surface runoff to local creeks and drainage facilities would be lower under Alternative 3 than under the 2000-2020 General Plan. Biological Resources Impacts to existing biological resources would be greatly minimized under Alternative 3. Under this alternative,the amount of disturbed habitat would be reduced by 4,400 acres for Blue oak woodland, 10 acres for annual grasses, and_40 acres for mixed chaparral. This amounts to 4,450 fewer acres of undisturbed land than the 2000-2020 General Plan. Impacts to riparian vegetation and verna pools would be similar for all alternatives given existing and proposed resource protection policies. Air Quality As stated under Alternative 1, Air Quality impacts under Alternative 3 will occur in direct relationship to traffic and circulation. Although air quality conditions would be expected to be less- intensive under Alternative 3, this alternative would result in exceedances of maximum emission thresholds. Therefore, development under this alternative would result in significant and unavoidable impacts. Cultural Resources Although this alternative has lower impacts to cultural resources due to less land available for construction, potential impacts to these resources still exist. This alternative will have policies in place to provide protection for cultural and historic resources. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 57 Noise Noise generated under this alternative would be less intrusive than the 2000-2020 General Plan due to a combination of fewer vehicles and less development in proximity to roadways. Geology and Soils Alternative 3 would reduce development on the western and eastern sides of the Redding Planning Area,the areas with the most challenging topography. Thus impacts resulting to/from geology and soils would be decreased. This alternative reduces development potential in slope areas on the east side of the Planning Area. Any remaining impacts may be mitigated by the use of BMPs. For all of these reasons,the City Council concludes that the Limited Geographic Growth Alternative is not feasible. (See City of Del Mar, supra, 133 Cal.App.3d at 417; Sequoyah Hills, supra, 23 Cal.App.4th at 715.) Furthermore, the City Council sees no reason to turn down the Project as proposed, which reflects the community's considered judgment regarding how to plan for future growth and development in the City of Redding. The City Council believes it is appropriate to give some weight to this judgment. (See Laurel Hills,supra, 83 Cal.App.3d at 521 (a"public agency may approve a... project once its significant adverse effects have been reduced to an acceptable level-- that is,all avoidable damage has been eliminated and that which remains is otherwise acceptable").) D. ALTERNATIVE 4-ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE Brief Description. This alternative reduces the holding capacity of the urban area by limiting growth to within the existing Redding City limits. This alternative essentially eliminates the "Primary and Secondary Growth Areas," restricting options for future growth. By reducing the geographic area for which growth can occur and lowering the population and employment capacity, this alternative would substantially reduce, though not eliminate, the significant environmental impacts associated with any new development in the city of Redding. Findings. The City Council finds that the Environmentally Superior Alternative is less desirable than the 2000-2020 General Plan for the following reasons: 1. This alternative would be inconsistent with adopted policies, public investments made on infrastructure and infrastructure planning, and private investment expectations. 2. This alternative would restrict the supply of lands available for industrial development and would eliminate the job creation potential of said lands. This alternative would adversely affect the objective ofpursuing a diverse and stable economy that creates ample employment opportunities. 3. This alternative would restrict the supply of land available for housing and would adversely affect housing affordability. 4. This alternative would subject the City to small, piecemeal requests for General Plan amendments that would make it more difficult, it not impossible, to mitigate impacts on a comprehensive basis. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 58 5. The alternative,while reducing significant impacts to agricultural lands and air quality to some extent, would nevertheless result in significant impacts to these areas. 6. Mitigation measures incorporated into the 2000-2020 General Plan,or otherwise being adopted by the Council, will substantially lessen or avoid most of the environmental effects of the 2000-2020 General Plan, thereby diminishing or obviating the perceived mitigating or impact- avoiding benefits of the Environmentally Superior Alternative. The following addresses the comparative impacts associated with Alternative 4 and the 2000-2020 General Plan. The comparison is based on Table 9.1 of the DEIR. Land Use Alternative 4 would limit the area for urban development to 38,138 acres. This is approximately 15,424 fewer acres than the 2000-2020 General Plan. It would also reduce lands available for industrial development by approximately 600 acres. Within the city limits,the development patterns will remain the same as the 2000-2020 General Plan.The potential for land use conflicts will remain the same as the 2000-2020 General Plan. Agricultural Land Conversion Alternative 4 would provide for the least amount of area for development. Therefore, Alternative 4 would reduce prime farmland conversion by 633 acres,especially on the east side of the Planning Area boundary (just east of the Old Oregon Trail). Development of this alternative would still convert 680 acres of agricultural land. Since development under this alternative would convert prime farmland to agricultural uses, the impact is considered significant and unavoidable. Traffic and Circulation The Environmentally Superior Alternative would generate 594,750 daily vehicle trips based on projected population and dwelling unit counts. This alternative would have an 15 percent reduction in daily trips from the 2000-2020 General Plan and 9 percent fewer daily trips than Alternative 3. Public Services and Utilities Impacts would be similar to those under Alternative 3, except slightly lower due to the smaller geographic area. A total of 47,850 acre feet per year(8,150 less than under the 2000-2020 General Plan)would be needed to accommodate water demand at buildout of this alternative. Sewer system demands would be 20.1 mgd, nearly 8.1 mgd lower than the 2000-2020 General Plan. This alternative would create a demand for 109 additional police officers, 42 lower than needed under the 2000-2020 General Plan. Alternative 4 would create a demand for an additional 802 acres of improved parkland, 313 acres lower than the 2000-2020 General Plan. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 59 Hydrology and Water Quality The 2000-2020 General Plan will result in an increase in surface runoff and potential surface water quality degradation due to erosion and roadway pollutants. Such impacts would be decreased under Alternative 4 due to less urbanized land. Biological Resources Impacts to existing biological resources would be greatly minimized under Alternative 4. Under this alternative,the amount of disturbed habitat would be reduced by 7,080 acres for Blue oak woodland, 400 acres for annual grasses,and 70 acres for mixed chaparral. This amounts to 7,550 fewer acres of disturbed land than the 2000-2020 General Plan. Impacts to riparian vegetation and verna pools would be similar for all alternatives given existing and proposed resource protection policies. Excluding Alternative 2,this alternative would have the lowest impact on biological resources than all of the alternatives. Air Quality This alternative would have similar,although slightly lower, impacts than Alternative 3, and lower overall emissions than the 2000-2020 General Plan. However, this alternative would still result in exceedances of maximum emission thresholds. Development under this alternative would result in significant and unavoidable impacts. Cultural Resources Impacts under the Environmentally Superior Alternative would be similar to those under Alternative 3. However, since this alternative has less area to grow, its potential impacts are not as great. This alternative will have policies in place to provide protection for cultural and historic resources. Health and Safety Noise Alternative 4 would have noise impacts significantly lower than the 2000-2020 General Plan and slightly lower than noise impacts under Alternative 3. Geology and Soils Due to the relatively small developable area,the Environmentally Superior Alternative would lower impacts than the 2000-2020 General Plan as well as Alternative 3. For all of these reasons,the City Council concludes that the Limited Geographic Growth Alternative is not feasible. (See City of Del Mar, supra, 133 Cal.App.3d at 417; Sequovah Hills, supra, 23 Cal.App.4th at 715.) Furthermore, the City Council sees no reason to turn down the Project as proposed, which reflects the community's considered judgment regarding how to plan for future growth and development in the City of Redding. The City Council believes it is appropriate to give some weight to this judgment. (See Laurel Hills,supra,83 Cal.App.3d at 521 (a"public agency may City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 60 } approve a... project once its significant adverse effects have been reduced to an acceptable level -- that is,all avoidable damage has been eliminated and that which remains is otherwise acceptable").) E. CONCLUSION REGARDING ALTERNATIVES NOT CHOSEN After careful consideration and evaluation of each of the alternatives, it is clear that there is not an environmentally superior alternative to the 2000-2020 General Plan,which feasibly attains the basic objectives identified by the City of Redding. The EIR is required to identify an environmentally superior alternative (CEQA Guidelines 15126[d]). The EIR identifies the No Development (No Project)Alternative(Alternative 2)as the environmentally superior alternative,since it has the least impacts on the environment. When the No Development (No Project)Alternative is identified as being superior, CEQA requires the next highest alternative be identified. The Environmentally Superior Alternative (Alternative 4) restricts development to within the existing City limits. The reductions in environmental impacts are due primarily to a total reduction in development areas. While this growth scenario reduces impacts of the 2000-2020 General Plan that are considered significant,it would not eliminate them. This alternative would compromise a number of2000-2020 General Plan objectives, including job creation and providing for diverse and affordable housing opportunities, and would lead to piecemeal development requests at the City's periphery. The Limited Geographic Growth Alternative(Alternative 3)would result in impacts very similar to the 2000-2020 General Plan. The Existing General Plan Alternative (No Project) (Alternative 1) is the least environmentally desirable alternative, since it would result in considerable geographic growth in the urban area and would result in more severe impacts than any of the identified alternatives in terms of traffic, air quality, agricultural land conversion, and public service. A review of the foregoing alternatives reveals that the 2000-2020 General Plan is the superior alternative for minimizing impacts to the environment, while at the same time achieving the objectives of the City of Redding. For all the reasons discussed above,each of the alternatives is not superior to the 2000-2020 General Plan in either environmental impact or obtaining the City's objectives. Accordingly, pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 16126(d), the City Council finds that the EIR has considered a reasonable range of alternatives to the 2000-2020 General Plan and that such alternatives considered are not preferable to the 2000-2020 General Plan as proposed. XI. STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS As set forth in the preceding sections,the City's approval of the 2000-2020 General Plan will result in two direct impacts that cannot be substantially lessened or avoided, and several other cumulative impacts, that, even with mitigation, remain significant and unavoidable. Despite these impacts, however, the City Council has chosen to approve the Project(as mitigated). To do so, the Council must first adopt this Statement of Overriding Considerations. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 61 Any one of the reasons for approval cited below is sufficient to justify approval of the Project. Thus, even if a Court were to conclude that not every reason is supported by substantial evidence,the City Council would stand by its determination that each individual reason is sufficient. The substantial evidence supporting the various benefits can be found in the preceding findings, which are incorporated by reference into this Section XI, and in the documents found in the Record of Proceedings, as defined in Section V. The City Council has carefully balanced the benefits of the 2000-2020 General Plan against any adverse impacts identified in the EIR that could not be feasibly mitigated to a level of insignificance. Notwithstanding the identification and analysis of the impacts which are identified in the EIR as being significant, the City Council,acting pursuant to Section 15093 of the State CEQA Guidelines, hereby determines that the benefits of the 2000-2020 General Plan outweigh the unmitigated adverse individual and cumulative impacts, and the 2000-2020 General Plan should be approved. A. SPECIFIC FINDINGS The City finds that the 2000-2020 General Plan would have the following economic,social,or other benefits: 2000-2020 General Plan Benefits Outweigh Unavoidable Impacts. The remaining unavoidable and irreversible impacts of the 2000-2020 General Plan are acceptable in light of the economic, fiscal,social,environmental,land-use and other considerations set forth herein because the benefits of the 2000-2020 General Plan outweigh any significant and unavoidable or irreversible adverse environmental impacts. The 2000-2020 General Plan will result in unavoidable environmental changes,some of which may be detrimental to the area's residents and their environment. These detrimental changes,however, are outweighed by: 1. Approval of a project that would anticipate and accommodate growth in an orderly and fiscally sound manner. The 2000-2020 General Plan establishes primary and secondary growth areas as the mechanism to accomplish this. The Primary Growth Area and related policies take into consideration the availability of, and proximity to, existing urban services and infrastructure (Community Development and Design Element p. 17,18). Growth will first be directed to these areas.This strategy will minimize,to the extent feasible,th extension of maj or new infrastructure to serve growth. The Secondary Growth Area encompasses territory that has been shown suitable for development through previous utility/infrastructure planning (Master Sewer Plan; Master Water Plan). In effect, the ultimate urban area has been reduced by approximately 2.5 square miles (DEIR p. 1-4). 2. Expanding the industrial and commercial employment opportunities for existing and future residents within the Redding Planning Area. By the year 2020, it is projected that the proposed 2000-2020 General Plan will accommodate a potential 9,256 commercial jobs and 4,724 industrial jobs, which will significantly bolster the local labor force. This is critical because over the last 20 years,the rate of unemployment in Shasta County has consistently been higher than that of California. The difference in County and State unemployment rates during recession years is particularly pronounced. In 1982, for instance, unemployment in Shasta City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 62 County was over 18 percent, while the rate in California was just below 10 percent. The difference between the two rates shrunk to only about 2 percent in 1990,before the most recent recession. Overall,however, County unemployment rates averaged nearly 4 percentage points above the State average. The unemployment rate for Shasta County averaged 11.1 percent between 1980 and 1999, while California averaged only 7.3 percent over the same period. Shasta County data is used because more reliable annual data is available for the County. Data suggests that,historically,unemployment rates for Shasta County and Redding are comparable (Background Report, Section 4.2, updated). 3. The 2000-2020 General Plan accommodating 14,817 new housing units, including low-, medium-, and high-density residential by the year 2020. The Housing Element has been reviewed by the State Department of Housing and Community Development as required by law. That agency has determined that the General Plan currently meets minimum requirements (particularly for high-density residential lands), but that alterations to the housing component would adversely affect this determination(Draft General Plan,Introduction,page 5;Housing and Community Development notifications). 4. The 2000-2020 General Plan incorporates design features intended to preserve and implement long-term environmental goals and minimize to the extent feasible these unavoidable impacts. Such features include: ► Establishing significant riparian/stream corridor buffers (NRE p. 6, 9, 10) ► Protection of native vegetation(NRE p. 9) ► Protection of identified fisheries (NRE p. 6, 8) ► Protection of floodplains and steep hillsides (CDDE p. 20) ► Protection of vernal pools and other sensitive habitats (NRE p. 6,7) ► Maintenance of habitat linkages/wildlife corridors (NRE p. 9) 5. The loss of prime agricultural resources is outweighed by providing for the orderly development of both residential areas to accommodate for projected growth and industrial areas to create employment opportunities for the expanding population. Approximately 14,800 new housing units are needed to accommodate projected growth by 2020 and 15,000 jobs are required to meet the economic needs of that population(DEIR, Tables 2-5 and 2-7). Moreover, approximately 400 acres of prime agricultural land within the existing city limits are impaired by encroaching urbanization. In contrast,the policies of the 2000-2020 General Plan will protect 2,300(DEIR, Table 9-1, page 9-4) acres of prime agricultural land within the Planning Area but outside the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. 6. Continuing urban growth is likely in the Redding area irrespective of whether the General plan is implemented. The existing General Plan can accommodate significantly more growth than the 2000-2020 General Plan. There are also other nearby communities with the ability to grow and significant growth can also occur in the unincorporated areas of the south-central urban region of the County. Further, Shasta County faces an air pollution problem that is regional in scope. Since this is a problem that does not respect jurisdictional boundaries, growth anywhere in the air basin will contribute to the regional air quality problem (Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan). City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 63 7. Expanding the commercial and industrial base will provide positive fiscal impacts to the City as well as its residents. The largest source of discretionary income for the City is derived from sales taxes and property taxes. (Background Report, Figure 5-1) These funds are used to sustain general government operations, such as public safety, community planning, parks, etc. Balance of Benefits and Significant Impacts. The City Council finds it is imperative to balance benefits of the 2000-2020 General Plan with those unavoidable significant impacts in approving the 2000-2020 General Plan and the environmental documentation of the 2000-2020 General Plan. Not every environmental concern has been fully satisfied because of the need to satisfy competing concerns. Accordingly, in some instances the City Council has chosen to accept certain environmental impacts because complete eradication of impacts purely for environmental reasons would unduly compromise other important economic,social,environmental or other goals. The City Council finds and determines that the text of the 2000-2020 General Plan and the supporting environmental documentation provide for a positive balance of the competing goals and that the economic,fiscal,social,environmental,land use and other benefits to be obtained by the 2000-2020 General Plan outweigh any remaining environmental effects. B. OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS Based upon the objectives identified in the 2000-2020 General Plan and EIR and through extensive public participation, the City Council has determined that the 2000-2020 General Plan should be approved and that any remaining unmitigated environmental impacts attributable to the 2000-2020 General Plan are outweighed by the following specific economic,fiscal,social,environmental,land- use, and other overriding considerations. Land Use\Growth 1. The City Council further believes the land within the Planning Area is an extremely valuable resource, so coordinated growth is preferred rather than a piecemeal approach to urban development. The lengthy planning process undertaken in developing the 2000-2020 General Plan has resulted, and will continue to result, in carefully planned, coordinated development, which is the antithesis to piecemeal planning. 2. By reducing the size of the urban area and promoting infill development, an efficient arrangement of land uses, and the use of mixed-use communities and alternative forms of transportation, it is anticipated that the number of vehicle trips and average trip distance from the jobs to houses and back will be reduced. This will assist in reducing adverse air quality impacts. Job Creation 1. The 2000-2020 General Plan FEIR (Table 2-7) indicates that by the year 2020 approximately 15,000 job opportunities will be created. The 2000-2020 General Plan increases the amount of industrial land by 882 acres compared to the current General Plan. City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 64 2. The failure to create new employment opportunities has led to continued high unemployment in the city and region. It is one of the basic objectives of the 2000-2020 General Plan to promote greater job generation and economic diversification (General Plan Introduction, p. 1). 3. Consistent with the objectives of the City Council in promoting economic diversification, the City Council has determined that the Redding Planning Area is one of the best areas in Shasta County to promote economic diversification given its ability to provide necessary urban services. The City Council has concluded that the adoption of the 2000-2020 General Plan for the urbanization of the Redding Planning Area at the land use intensities proposed in the 2000-2020 General Plan is the most logical and feasible method of ensuring that orderly growth occurs over the next two decades. Positive Fiscal Impacts 1. The 2000-2020 General Plan will create positive fiscal effects. Construction of industrial, commercial,and residential building will produce economic benefits to the City and the region. The 2000-2020 General Plan considers development over an approximate 20-year period, providing two decades of short-term, construction-related employment and related consumer spending. 2. New industries, businesses and residents in the County will increase taxable sales in the City. In addition, development of the 2000-2020 General Plan may positively affect property values in the vicinity of the 2000-2020 General Plan area, which in turn can increase property tax revenue to the County for needed services. Environmental Considerations 1. Substantial evidence is included in the record that the implementation of the 2000-2020 General Plan will have beneficial as well as potential adverse impacts relating to environmental and land use consideration. 2. Comprehensive planning will permit the inclusion of effective environmental mitigation measures. Such mitigation measures include wildlife and riparian habitat preservation, promotion, and mitigation. Land use arrangements and traffic improvements, such as arterial streets,buses, and bikeways, together all serve to assist in maintaining long-term air quality to the extent feasible. 3. Based upon these land use and environmental considerations, the City Council has determined that any environmental detriment caused by the 2000-2020 General Plan has been minimized to the extent feasible and, where not feasible,has been outweighed and counterbalanced by the significant economic, fiscal, social, environmental and land use benefits to be generated to the city. 9-21-00 GP\CEQA-Findings.wpd City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan—Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations Page 65 EXHIBIT "C" Redding 20, 4: 0 _ 202 General plan City of Redding Planning Commission Development Services Department Planning Division October 3, 2000 I ITA1000 '9.00 1 4... 1-V' 112111"falMI ' FEZ niTil ' i Draft General Plan ___..,,,,, , ....,„ „, ,_• 1-- L-11+11 ill_•_. , ,,,loilo 4-T 1 irifilf14 , _ : .• 1 , : i r ., , , ... , . „., . .. . _,..1 I 4-E il :1 0 t- t + I - I- -r • „, 4"-• t -- k 1 / ' t.. iip t,„7, I I I , s '-"" ,,', i 1 7 A , 1 411R ..„. . if -r-,-,iiik :. ,,,,,_., i'" '' li '' . i. ...fop. 1.4;, ... 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These graphics simply illustrate concepts contained in the policies of the Plan. de TC of Table Contents LIST OF FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 1 Purpose and Nature of the General Plan 2 Regional Setting 4 Major Assumptions of the General Plan 5 Strategic Actions of the General Plan 6 The Planning Strategy 7 Preparation of the General Plan 10 Organization of the General Plan 12 Consistency of the General Plan 13 Implementing the General Plan 14 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Background for Planning 3 The Land Use Plan 8 Goals and Policies 17 Focus Areas 35 Appendix"A" 56 TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Goals and Policies 2 Appendix"A" 15 Appendix"B" 17 NATURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Goals and Policies 3 HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Goals and Policies 2 October 3,2000 Table of Contents i NOISE ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Goals and Policies 3 HOUSING ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Community Profile 3 Housing Needs Assessment 12 Governmental Constraints to Maintenance, Improvement, and Development of Housing 32 Nongovernmental Constraints to Maintenance, Improvement, and Development of Housing 40 Energy Conservation Opportunities 42 Goals and Policies 43 1999-2003 Action Program 45 RECREATION ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Goals and Policies 2 Appendix "A" 12 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Goals and Policies 3 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Goals and Policies 3 AIR QUALITY ELEMENT 1 Introduction 1 Statutory Air Quality Standards/Mandated Requirements 8 Emission Inventory, Ozone Transport, and Emission Reduction Schedule 11 Future Outlook 13 Issues, Goals, Policies, and Implementation 18 Air Quality Analysis and Best Available Mitigation Measures 29 Tracking Cumulative Emissions of All Approved Projects 40 GENERAL PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 1 GLOSSARY 1 ii City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 List 4 04 , F. . . , , . . MP; N Nst tFigmes Introduction COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN ELEMENT FIGURE 1-1 Primary and Secondary Growth Areas 1-2 Sacramento River Recreational, Cultural, and Commercial Areas 1-3 Primary Stream Corridors 1-4 Prominent Ridge Tops 1-5 Community Design Plan 1-6 Downtown Focus Area 1-7 North Market Street Focus Area 1-8 Park Marina Focus Area 1-9 Magnolia Neighborhood Focus Area 1-10 Stillwater Creek Focus Area 1-11 Clover Creek Focus Area 1-12 Victor Avenue Focus Area 1-13 Hilltop/Dana Drive Focus Area 1-14 Oasis Road Focus Area 1-15 Parkview Neighborhood Focus Area App. A Specific Plan Areas TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT FIGURE 2-1 Peak Hour Level of Service 2-2 Circulation Plan 2-3 Bikeway System NATURAL RESOURCES ELEMENT FIGURE 3-1 Major Vernal Pool Complexes 3-2 Fisheries 3-3 River and Creek Corridor Buffer Widths 3-4 Open Space and Parks Areas October 3,2000 List of Figures i HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT FIGURE 4-1 Ground Shaking Potential 4-2 Liquefaction Potential 4-3 100-Year Floodplain 4-4 Stormwater Detention/Retention Feasibility Areas 4-5 Inundation Area for Shasta Dam Failure 4-6 Inundation Area for Whiskeytown Dam Failure 4-7 Wildland Fire Hazard Areas 4-8 Fire Protection Measures 4-9 Evacuation Routes—Flooding 4-10 Evacuation Routes—Wildland Fires NOISE ELEMENT FIGURE 5-1 Redding Municipal Airport Existing Noise Contours 5-2 Future Noise Contour Municipal Airport 5-3 Future Noise Contour Benton Airpark 5-4 Noise Contours—Sand and Gravel Operations 5-5 Noise Contours—Bonnyview Road Area Lumber Industries 5-6 Noise Contours—Solid Waste Transfer Station Area RECREATION ELEMENT FIGURE 7-1 Future Parks (Conceptual Locations) 7-2 Trail System HOUSING ELEMENT FIGURE 9-1 Historical and Projected Population Growth 9-2 Major Vacant Residential Sites ii City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 } 4 \ Cie ts nea'itS. •• I A kri Alien GI CITY OF REDDING CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS Robert C. Anderson, Mayor Mark H. Cibula Pat Kight David L. McGeorge Michael Pohlmeyer FORMER CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS David A. Kehoe Pat Anderson Ken Murray CITY OF REDDING PLANNING COMMISSION MEMBERS Fred Weatherill Mark Woodward Maureen Gaynor Jan Maurer-Watkins Gary Brickwood Tina R.Swanson Randy Memeo FORMER PLANNING COMMISSION MEMBERS Dave Rutledge Dallas L. Brown Tom Spade Rick Bose tti Linda Carpenter Paul Edgren CITY OF REDDING ADMINISTRATION Michael Warren, City Manager Phillip A. Perry,Assistant City Manager Kurt Starman, Deputy City Manager W. Leonard Wingate,City Attorney Mike Mitchell, Economic Development Director CITY OF REDDING GENERAL PLAN PROJECT STAFF Jim Hamilton, Development Services Director Kent Manuel, Project Manager John Keaney,Senior Planner Larry Morgon, Senior Planner Jim King,Senior Planner Phil Carr,Assistant Planner Jim Coats, Geographic Information Systems Manager Kevin Burke, Engineering Technician Diane Morgon,Engineering Technician Doug Will,Traffic Engineer—Planner Judy Huskey, Secretary Stenographer Kelly Salter, Former Deputy City Attorney Jerry H.Swanson, Former Development Services Director October 3,2000 Acknowledgments i GENERAL PLAN TASK FORCE MEMBERS Jim Chapin,Chair Jack Herrin Cynthia Gelonek,Vice Chair Bryan Hill Burt Brockett Vi Klaseen Keith Brookshaw Patsy Knighten Dallas Brown Demetra Kutras Ellen Chain Clay McClain Jim Cook Mike McLaughlin Bill Cox Rob Middleton Doreeta Domke Charlie Moss Paul Edgren Linda Salter Joan Gannon Lynda Scheben Jim Graves John Siperek Lynn Harris Howard Stubblefield Barbara Harrison FORMER GENERAL PLAN TASK FORCE MEMBERS Suzanne Blackburn John Dunlap Bob Dietz Gwendolyn Jackson-Sofge GENERAL PLAN UPDATE CONSULTANT TEAM J.LAURENCE MINTIER&ASSOCIATES Project Management/Land Use Larry Mintier Bob Lagomarsino Jim Pepper CRAWFORD MULTARI&STARR Economic and Fiscal Analysis/GIS Support Mike Multari Paul Crawford MOORE IACOFANO GOLTSMAN Community Outreach and Public Participation Daniel Iacofano Dave Cottle EIP ASSOCIATES Environmental Support Brian Boxer Dave Melko DKS ASSOCIATES Transportation and Traffic Modeling Support John Long Vic Maslanka John Gibb BROWN-BUNTIN ASSOCIATES Noise Jim Buntin Jim Brennan OTHER CONTRIBUTORS AND RESOURCES PACIFIC MUNICIPAL CONSULTANTS Laura Webster ii City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 1 I 1 InFouthor I k 1 4 i a 1 e infoduci'os . however—it is a guide for growth. The General Plan PURPOSE AND NATURE outlines where the City wants to be and how to get there. It is an action plan for the City. OF THE GENERAL PLAN The General Plan is built upon the premise that growth and development are desirable. It is also built on the premise that growth and development need guidance to PICTURE REDDING'S FUTURE. ENVISION: maximize benefits and minimize negative impacts. ► A Downtown that has regained its role as the With input from the community,the General Plan was heart of the City. It's a pedestrian-friendly area created to guide land development in the community that is different from other parts of the City. The through the next 20 years. Continuous review and Downtown offers distinct buildings—a mix of update of the General Plan will be needed,however,to historic and contemporary structures—and ensure that the Plan is current and consistent with the streets. It is a place where people come to do community's desires. The Plan will need to change as business, shop, dine, and be entertained. circumstances change or as unexpected opportunities arise. ► A community that is attractive to businesses. The physical setting of the community, together GUIDING PRINCIPLES with good health care, housing, and educational opportunities, makes Redding a City where The General Plan reflects the values of the community. businesses come and grow; and they are These values are the common thread that link the encouraged to do so. goals, policies, and implementation measures of the Plan. They are: ► A community that values its unique setting along the Sacramento River. Views of the surrounding • Pursue a diverse and stable economy that creates foothills and mountains are protected, and there ample employment opportunities. is a feeling of openness. • Preserve key features of Redding's history, open ► Neighborhoods that are neighborly. Streets are space, and the City's unique physical setting. pleasant to drive or walk, with sidewalks separated from curbs by landscaped areas. Bike • Accommodate growth while enhancing cultural and walking trails link homes to shopping amenities and Redding's special quality of life. centers,parks, and schools. New homes feature • a variety of designs, and parks are plentiful. Promote quality building that enhances community identity and complements Growth that is inward, instead of expanding neighborhood character. outward. Controlling sprawl allows the City to ' Provide for diverse and affordable housing. keep a handle on the costs of roads, police protection, and other public expenses, while • Conserve the natural environment and protect continuing to provide a high level of services. environmentally sensitive areas. ▪ A City that continues to thrive and grow, but Strive to ensure that investment in public still retains its sense of community. services, facilities, and utilities is cost-effective. This is the vision of the City of Redding's General Plan. ► Provide a safe and healthy environment. The Plan is more than a document of intentions, October 3,2000 Introduction 1 Legal Requirements Safety. Establishes policies and programs to protect the community from risks associated with Under State law, all cities and counties must prepare a seismic, geologic, flood, and fire hazards. general plan. The general plan is a legal document that serves as the "constitution"for a community's land use In addition, Government Code Section 65303 and development activities. California Government authorizes inclusion of other elements in the general Code Section 65300 requires that the general plan be plan which, in the judgment of the local legislative a comprehensive,long-term document for the physical body, relate to the physical development of the City. development of the City. It is intended that the plan The General Plan of the City of Redding includes four be specific rather than vague. The plan may cover any such optional elements: Public Facilities and Services, land outside the City's boundaries which, in the Recreation,Air Quality, and Economic Development. judgment of the planning agency, bears relation to the All elements of the general plan,whether mandatory or City's planning. This area is typically referred to as the optional, have equal legal status. Planning Area. The existing City limits and Redding's 116-square-mile Planning Area are depicted on Maps and Diagrams Figure 1-1 (in the Community Development and Design Element). The City's General Plan Diagram, which is attached separately at the back of this document, is an integral There are seven mandatory elements of a general plan. part of the General Plan. The diagram graphically These include: expresses the Plan's development policies by showing the desired arrangement and location of land uses. The ► Land Use. Designates the general distribution diagram is required to be consistent with the General and intensity of all uses of land in the Plan text under California Government Code Section community. 65300.5. To be useful to City officials, staff, and the public, the General Plan Diagram must allow the ► Circulation. Identifies the general location and various users of the Plan to reach the same general extent of existing and proposed major conclusion about the appropriate use of any property transportation facilities. covered by the Plan. Redding decided to prepare a site- specific General Plan Diagram. This diagram ► Housing. Assesses current and projected housing designates the type of land use permitted on each needs and presents policies and programs for property covered by the Plan. The diagram and text providing adequate housing for all segments of together specify the range of dwelling units per net acre the community and all economic groups. of land for each property planned for residences and the building intensity for all other proposed development. ► Conservation. Addresses the conservation, This building intensity is expressed in terms of a floor development, and use of natural resources, area ratio, which is the gross floor area permitted on a including water,forests,soils,rivers,and mineral site divided by the total net land area of the lot as deposits. defined under Land Use Intensity Standards. Other pertinent features of the General Plan Diagram include ► Open Space. Details plans and measures for the location of existing and proposed parks, public preserving open space for natural resources, the schools, and other public services. managed production of resources, outdoor recreation, and public health and safety. General plans also must contain a circulation element. This element shows the location and extent of existing ► Noise. Identifies and appraises noise problems and includes policies to protect the community from the harmful effects of noise. 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 and proposed thoroughfares,transportation routes,and between land use and circulation in the Circulation other local public utilities and facilities and correlates Element. them with the land use element. Maps are needed to show location. Redding's General Plan circulation Together, the General Plan Diagram and circulation maps show current and proposed arterials, collector maps graphically show the managed growth of the City streets, or other roadways as well as bikeways and rail for the next 20 years and beyond. The General Plan lines. The roadway system has been tested against the contains other maps and diagrams that show various planned level of development proposed in this Plan features of Redding and help illustrate the Policies and through the year 2020 and has been found to be Implementation Actions of the General Plan. adequate. There is more discussion of the relationship October 3,2000 Introduction 3 Interstate 5 connects Redding with major metropolitan areas such as Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, and REGIONAL SETTING Los Angeles. State Highways 299, 273, and 44 also pass through Redding, connecting the City with the Pacific Coast and Nevada. The main north-south line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs through the community as well. Redding's location also places it The City of Redding is located in Shasta County in near many outdoor attractions and recreational areas Northern California. It is approximately 100 miles such as Shasta Lake, Lassen Volcanic National Park, south of the Oregon border and 160 miles north of and the Shasta/Trinity/Whiskeytown National Sacramento. Redding's population in 1999 was Recreation Area. approximately 78,000, which makes Redding the largest City in Shasta County and the largest City in Redding was founded in 1872 and incorporated in California north of Sacramento. Redding also serves 1887 at the northern terminus of the California and as the county seat of Shasta County. Oregon Railroad. The City's early growth was stimulated by the railroad and by the move of the Redding is situated at the far north end of the county seat from Shasta in 1884. Mining played a Sacramento Valley at the point where the valley meets major role in the economic life of Redding around the the foothills of the Cascade mountain range. Redding turn of the century, but it declined as the twentieth is surrounded by mountains to the west, north, and century progressed. In 1938, the beginning of east. The most distinctive geographical feature in the construction of Shasta Dam provided another stimulus area is the Sacramento River,which flows through the to growth in Redding. The construction boom after City in a general north-south direction. Several creeks World War II boosted the lumber industry, which also run through the Planning Area from the west and became the mainstay of Redding's economy. In more east. These creeks function as tributaries to the recent years, retail trade, construction, and tourism Sacramento River. Some have carved gullies and have become more significant activities as the lumber ravines with depths of up to 200 feet, mainly in the industry has declined. Redding has become a major western part of the Planning Area. regional center for shopping, health care, education, and government. As a result of this,the Redding area Redding is bisected by Interstate 5, a major north- has become one of the faster-growing areas in south freeway that runs from Canada to Mexico. California. 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 mixed-use projects will have positive impacts on MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS OF the area's air quality over the long run. THE GENERAL PLAN 4. The average household population will remain stable at approximately 2.36 persons per household. The General Plan relies on several assumptions 5. To accommodate growth, the City may need as regarding existing and anticipated conditions within many as 14,800 additional housing units by the Redding's growth area, otherwise known as the year 2020. Planning Area. They are: 6. Redding will aggressively protect and enhance its 1. Population in the City will approach 113,500 by position as the regional hub for the industrial, the year 2020; the Planning area population will retail, and service industries. grow to approximately 126,000 persons. 7. Not all of the items called for in this Plan 2. Outward expansion of the City will be minimized (e.g., retrofitting streets, community parks to help maintain efficient and cost-effective development,trail system construction,etc.)will services. necessarily be completed in the time frame of this Plan. The express intent is to set in motion 3. Minimizing outward expansion, encouraging infill planning for and construction of these facilities development, and providing incentives for as funds become available. October 3,2000 Introduction 5 • Constructing a multiple-field sports STRATEGIC ACTIONS OF complex. THE GENERAL PLAN Supporting the development of Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum by the River. ► Providing additional parks, trails, bicycle Of the many actions called for in this Plan,several rise facilities, and open space throughout the above others with respect to their potential impact on community. community development. The objectives listed below represent those areas in which the City should focus its 4. Focus development efforts on building main effort through the first five to ten years of the neighborhoods, rather than just approving planning period. By focusing on a relatively discreet set subdivisions. Neighborhoods are created when: of objectives, the citizens of Redding can realize benefits far in excess of what would occur if the • Activities and facilities used on a frequent resources were spread more thinly. These objectives basis,such as stores and parks,function as should be reviewed yearly, progress monitored, and a unit and are easily accessible to residents. attainment strategies modified as necessary. • A sense of place is created through such 1. Continue community/neighborhood planning things as uniform tree-planting or utilizing efforts that will put in place actions geared to the unique signage,lighting,or other features. development and redevelopment of key neighborhoods and districts. The initial planning • A park,school,open space,or other public efforts will concentrate on the following areas: gathering place serves as the focal point of the neighborhood. ► Downtown core. • Park Marina Drive. 5. Ensure that public and private development is: ► Parkview neighborhood. • Oasis Road/Interstate 5 growth area. ► Well-designed. 2. Increase efforts to attract new industry to the ► Functional. area and to retain existing high-paying jobs. Actions will include: • Complementary to surrounding buildings and lands. ► Establishing an economic development fund dedicated to furthering economic • Contributes its fair share to providing development efforts and activities. necessary infrastructure and services that the citizens of Redding have come to ► Identifying and pursuing development of at expect. least one large industrial site. 6. Continue to ensure that necessary infrastructure ► Utilizing incentives,where appropriate,to is planned, funded, and constructed so as to attract/retain business. maintain the standards expected by the community. 3. Contribute to the quality of life of Redding's citizens by investing in cultural,recreational,and open-space projects, including: 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 60 percent of all developed land. Further,single-family housing will continue to be the favored housing choice THE PLANNING STRATEGY of the real estate market for the foreseeable future. However, it is also important to monitor land absorption on a regular basis to ensure that enough land is available to moderate land costs,hence,housing affordability. This Plan provides flexibility for the Many of the actions called for in this General Plan future by designating areas for future urban expansion represent a departure from past planning efforts. This to accommodate future housing needs. reflects changing needs and expectations, including: Economic Development ► A new era of"city-building." Creating a well-balanced economy is key to realizing ► The increasing importance of public/private the vast potential of the Redding area. With the partnerships. decline of resource-based jobs over the past two decades,people in Redding now rely more and more on ► The increasing importance of Redding as the the service, retail, and recreation industries for jobs. regional center for economic activity. Often, wages in the retail services and recreation industries are below the State average, diluting the The following section identifies those strategies that average wage rate of the area. will take planning in Redding in new directions to meet the challenges of growth. In December 1998, the Redding City Council adopted an economic development program for the City. The Urban Area program contains numerous policies geared toward the attraction,retention,and expansion of businesses. The The land use policies reinforce community desire to program includes substantial incentives designed to direct growth inward, rather than continue policies complement basic policies. geared toward outward expansion. This will allow the City to better contain public-service costs and maintain The Economic Development Element contains policies service levels by taking advantage of existing which complement and expand upon the economic infrastructure wherever feasible. For instance,focusing development program. The policies cover a wide range growth within the existing urban area will result in of activities,including attracting additional high-paying fewer miles of roads and utilities to construct and jobs to the community, recognizing the relationship of maintain. It will reduce the need for the construction, retail expansion to municipal revenues,and capitalizing operation, and maintenance of new fire stations and on the benefits of a thriving Downtown. will keep the service area for police services,solid waste collection, and similar services at a more manageable Retail Commercial Growth and efficient size. Since the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978, The General Plan Diagram reflects this approach by municipalities have come to increasingly rely on indicating those areas outlying the City where future revenue from sales taxes to pay for police, fire, urbanization would be appropriate subject to planning, and other public services. Redding is no annexation to the City;however,policies are included exception. The City has a unique advantage,since it is in the Plan that will discourage annexation until the regional hub for retail and service activities. additional land is actually needed for development. However,this advantage does not come without costs. The late 1980s and the 1990s have witnessed strong It is estimated that there is more than a 20-year supply growth in"big box"retailing,a phenomenon that is not of land available for urban, single-family development unique to Redding. This retail strategy has changed within the City limits of Redding. Single-family land the basic structure of the physical retail environment, is an excellent barometer of land needs because it is the with "super stores" dominating the scene. Redding largest consumer of land, accounting for about realizes that it must be prepared for the increasing October 3,2000 Introduction 7 challenges that this brings, from a community- It is clear that design considerations also have development perspective as well as the potential impact limitations. They should not regulate or otherwise on existing businesses. restrict growth,nor should they be seen as guaranteeing good design. A community must decide what level, if The commercial land use classifications of this Plan any, of design influence it wants to make. have been developed to provide more certainty about the type and scale of commercial activities that can This Plan recognizes the importance of basic design occur on given sites. For instance, rather than a principles by focusing predominantly on issues of form generic"retail"classification,as contained in Redding's and function. For instance, policies: (1) suggest what previous General Plan, retail activities are now broken new major streets should look like; (2) emphasize that down by type. This strategy provides certainty as to the taller buildings in certain locations can call attention to scale and type of commercial uses that are appropriate and help define an area; (3) encourage the at given locations. For instance,the descriptions of the undergrounding of existing overhead electric utilities; "Neighborhood Commercial" and "Shopping Center" (4) provide generous creek and river corridors and classifications would preclude development of stores ensure appropriate public views and access to these that depend on the regional trade area. areas; (5)link residential neighborhoods to commercial areas, parks, schools, transit, and other destination Creating Cohesive Neighborhoods points through construction of bike and pedestrian trails; (6) emphasize the importance of appropriate The Plan encourages and promotes the development of relationships between uses and individual buildings. new neighborhood types that are not of the homogenous variety that have been constructed over Downtown Revitalization the past 40 years. These new neighborhoods may include a mix of commercial and residential uses Reclaiming Downtown as the heart and cultural center designed around a public space and served by transit, of Redding is of paramount importance. This Plan, in thereby helping to reduce dependence on the concert with the Downtown Specific Plan, lays the automobile. Most areas would be within walking foundation for the transformation of Downtown distance of the transit stop; pedestrian and bike trails through a number of policies geared to enhancing the would be prevalent. These neighborhood types, pedestrian orientation, encouraging residential described in the Plan as "Mixed Use Villages," would development,and investing in specific planning. These not be required, but the Plan provides flexibility and policies are found in the Downtown Focus Area section incentives to encourage them. Numerous other of the Community Development and Design Element. policies also address designing neighborhoods to make them more livable. Compatibility With the Natural Environment Promoting Well-Designed Public and Private The open feel of the City that is made possible by the Developments Sacramento River and its tributaries,the open hillsides, and surrounding foothills and mountains plays an The design of buildings,streets,and public facilities can extremely important role in how residents and visitors have long-lasting impacts on the livability of a view Redding. This Plan strives to strike a balance community. Good design can: between the manmade environment and the importance placed on the natural setting. The Plan ► Improve the quality of physical changes. calls for a number of measures such as creek-corridor protection, sensitive hillside development, habitat ► Protect and increase the value of investment. protection,and protection of prominent ridge lines that provide a backdrop to the City. ► Protect and enhance the existing character of an area. As a package,new development should accomplish the following: ► Discourage incompatible new construction. 8 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 1. Further the achievement of a more compact 7. Assist in the development of transportation urban form. alternatives. 2. Occur only with availability of essential services. 8. Be distinctive, of high quality, and contribute to the positive image of the city. 3. Be compatible with the site's natural topography and setting. 9. Improve pedestrian convenience and safety. 4. Protect limited environmental resources. 10. Be reflective of the neighborhood/district in which it is located. 5. Enhance the community's image. 11. Contain aesthetically pleasing streets. 6. Preserve existing neighborhood character. October 3,2000 Introduction 9 As the foundation for policy development, a PREPARATION OF THE multidisciplinary consulting team, in collaboration with City staff, prepared a General Plan Background GENERAL PLAN Report describing existing conditions and trends in Redding. The draft Background Report was prepared and issued in May 1996. The City of Redding adopted its first General Plan in The next step in the process was to identify key issues 1958. The most recent General Plan was adopted in and options for the General Plan to address and 1970, with subsequent updates to several of its summarize them for public review. This was elements as well as the General Plan Diagram. Just as accomplished through the preparation of an Issues and trends,values,and technologies change over time,the Alternatives Report. The report focused on what were needs, desires, and priorities of a community evolve. considered the most important policy, program, land In the early 1990s, the Redding City Council realized use, circulation, and development concerns to be that the City was on the threshold of changing from a addressed in the General Plan. These issues were relatively small community to a mid-sized City of based largely on findings within the Background Report regional importance, thus it needed to be prepared for and extensive discussions among consulting team the challenges that this change would bring. As a members, City officials, other public agencies,various result, the General Plan Update process was initiated organizations,developers,and individual citizens. The in September 1995. Issues and Alternatives Report was divided into two parts. Part 1 presented a discussion of key land use To assist in updating the General Plan, the City and related issues facing the City now and into the Council appointed a 30-person citizen General Plan future. Part 2 provided four land use plan alternatives, Task Force. The members of this Task Force were each representing a distinct way in which the selected to represent a broad range of viewpoints and community could grow. The draft Issues and interests within the community. The Task Force was Alternatives Report was issued in May 1997. charged to work with City staff, consultants, and the community to provide a vision for Redding's future The distinct land use alternatives contained within the and to develop a plan for Redding in the next century. Issues and Alternatives report served to focus Task Throughout its deliberations, the Task Force Force discussion on various growth strategies. These emphasized that the General Plan must promote the included: following objectives: ► Concentrating future growth in the Downtown ► Planning for the Downtown and Park Marina and Hilltop Drive/Dana Drive/Cypress Avenue Drive areas. areas (Central Core Pattern). ► Neighborhood identity, preservation, and • Concentrating future growth along enhancement. transportation corridors (Mixed Use Corridors Pattern). ► Economic development. • Concentrating future growth in mixed-use ► Enhancement of community character and "nodes" (Mixed Use Nodes Pattern). identity. ► Reaffirming the existing General Plan's • Development of a broad range of parks, trails, allocation for future growth. and recreation facilities. Analyses conducted for these various alternatives • Habitat protection. indicated that there was no clear distinction between them in terms of vehicular use, air quality, • Transit alternatives. infrastructure costs, etc. In reality, each of these alternatives had shortcomings, particularly from a 10 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 market perspective. The Plan that emerged from the the public in the form of a Public Review Draft General Task Force utilized concepts from all alternatives Plan. reviewed. Development potential in the Downtown areas was increased significantly and incentives for Subsequent modifications to the Public Review Draft growth there are to be put into place. Similarly, General Plan were made in response to both written development intensity in the form of residential and oral comments from the public and the Task densities was increased along several transportation Force. The revised document was referred to as the corridors. Lastly, the Plan contains locations and Public Hearing Draft General Plan. Opportunities for incentives for the development of "Mixed Use additional public review and comment were provided Villages"at appropriate locations throughout the City. following public release of the Public Hearing Draft General Plan and accompanying General Plan EIR in Following public review of the Issues and Alternatives May 2000. Report, City staff began to prepare the General Plan Policy Document, including goals, policies, and California Government Code Section 65351 states implementation programs for each element. Upon that during the preparation of the General Plan, " . . . completion of each draft element, the General Plan opportunities for the involvement of citizens . . . and Task Force thoroughly reviewed and commented on other community groups"be provided"through public the policy language. The group also participated in a hearings and any other means the city . . . deems joint workshop with the Planning Commission and appropriate." As demonstrated in above paragraphs, City Council to discuss issues of particular concern the City of Redding has actively sought citizen and/or controversy. The Task Force's participation throughout the General Plan update recommendations were ultimately forwarded to the process. Planning Commission, City Council, and members of October 3,2000 Introduction 11 than one department is listed, the agency named first ORGANIZATION OF THE will assume primary responsibility for completing the program. Timing for completing each program is GENERAL PLAN provided. The General Plan Diagram depicts the land use patterns for the City for the time frame of the Plan. The General Plan Policy Document constitutes the The diagram must be used in conjunction with the formal policy of the City of Redding for land use, Plan text in order to gain a full understanding of the development, and environmental quality. It includes City's development strategy. The Community goals, policies, standards, implementation programs, Development and Design Element describes each land quantified objectives (for housing), the General Plan use classification found on the diagram and specific Diagram, and circulation diagrams. allowable density and intensity ranges for each land use category. The Policy Document is divided into nine elements: Goals, Policies, and Implementation Measures ► Community Development and Design. ► Transportation. The heart of the General Plan is the set of integrated ► Natural Resources. and internally consistent Goals, Policies, and ► Health and Safety. Implementation Measures in each element. Goals are ► Noise. long-range; they state future conditions—the ► Public Facilities and Services. community's vision of what should be done and where. ► Recreation. Policies and implementation measures are short- to ► Economic Development. intermediate-range. Policies state the City's clear ► Housing. commitment on how these goals will be achieved. ► Air Quality. Implementation measures carry out the policies and are specific, such as defining land areas to be rezoned Each element is composed of three sections. The first or bicycle lanes to be added. Together, policies and section discusses the purpose and content of the implementation measures establish who will carry out element. The second section cites the authority(State the activities needed to meet the goals as well as how law) by which the element is included in the General and when the goals will be met. They guide day-to- Plan. The third section lists the goals and policies of day decision making so there is continuing progress the element. toward the attainment of goals. Some policies and implementation measures need to be reexamined and The Policy Document includes an appendix revised during the life of the Plan. While not containing specific actions that the City will take to changing the basic desirability of the goals, policies, implement the Plan. The programs in this section also and implementation measures in the long term, they identify the departments or agencies responsible for will be carried out when suitable resources are carrying out each action. In instances where more available. 12 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 regulatory agencies. This General Plan takes into CONSISTENCY OF THE consideration the following plans or regulations: GENERAL PLAN Surface Mining and Reclamation Act. ► Sphere of Influence as regulated by the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO). Internal Consistency ► Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan. California Government Code Section 65300.5 requires that the"General Plan and elements . . . comprise an Shasta County Hazardous Waste Management integrated, internally consistent and compatible Plan. statement of policies." This means that all goals, policies, standards, and implementation programs Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan. outlined in one element of the General Plan must agree with those outlined in all other elements. Shasta County Regional Transportation Plan. Otherwise, there will be confusion regarding community policies and standards. In addition, all Shasta County Congestion Management Plan. maps and diagrams within the General Plan must be consistent with the text. The General Plan of the City Comprehensive Land Use Plans for the Redding of Redding has been prepared in compliance with Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark. these internal consistency requirements. ► Redevelopment Plans. Consistency With Other Planning Processes In addition, the General Plan is subject to the To be an effective guide for future development, the requirements of the California Environmental Quality General Plan must provide a framework for local Act (CEQA). A separately bound environmental development that is consistent with the policies of impact report (EIR) has been prepared in compliance relevant State, regional, and local programs and with CEQA requirements to evaluate and disclose the environmental impacts associated with implementation of the General Plan. October 3,2000 Introduction 13 Maintenance of the General Plan IMPLEMENTING THE During the course of the update of the General Plan, GENERAL PLAN numerous development permits, consistent with the land use classifications of the previous General Plan, were approved by the City. The intent of the City is to honor such approved permits, including building As mentioned earlier, the General Plan serves as the permits, use permits, land divisions, and other "constitution"for land development in a locality. Land ministerial and discretionary permits through their use regulations and plans enacted by a local expiration date except as may otherwise be prohibited government are the principal means by which the by law. goals and policies of a General Plan are implemented. Therefore, all such regulations and plans must be State law also defines how cities should maintain consistent with the General Plan. These include their Plan as a contemporary policy guide. zoning ordinances,subdivision ordinances,specific and Section 65400(b) of the California Government Code area plans, and redevelopment plans. requires that each planning department report annually to the City Council on"the status of the plan Ensuring that existing ordinances and plans are and progress in its implementation." consistent with the General Plan is one method of implementing the General Plan's policies. Other To implement this requirement, the Planning methods include development of new ordinances and Commission will review the General Plan on an annual plans, financing programs, capital improvement basis to monitor its implementation and to ensure decisions, enforcement actions, and the development consistency with current Federal, State, and local review process. These and other methods are regulations and policies. The status of the General incorporated in the implementation program section of Plan will be presented to the City Council and, at each element in the General Plan. minimum, address the following items: Legally Existing, Nonconforming Land Uses; ► A list of approved/denied General Plan Approved Development Permits amendment requests. It should be noted that the General Plan land use A summary of capital projects that have been designations are applied to vacant properties as well as constructed in accordance with the Public to built-up areas that have been developed over time Facilities and Services Element. under changing regulations with a variety of densities and intensities. It is not the intent of the General Plan Recommendations for resolving any identified to create large numbers of nonconforming uses or inconsistencies with applicable Federal, State, structures, but the complexity of the land use pattern and local regulations or policies. in some parts of the City makes it impossible for the General Plan Diagram to accurately reflect every A summary of implementation programs preexisting use,nor is it desirable to reflect them all at completed during the prior year. the General Plan level. Therefore,zoning regulations should not designate as nonconforming every use or A schedule identifying implementation programs structure that does not fall within the density, to be completed during the upcoming year. intensity, or use standards of the General Plan use category. Conversely, the overall intent of the Land A summary of mitigation monitoring actions Use Plan is to establish districts which will afford the taken during the prior year. City an opportunity to more closely identify the appropriate zoning requirements in the future. The Housing Element is the only element which has a mandatory schedule for review and updating. This 14 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 time frame has typically been every five years,although and values,environmental conditions,and Federal and modifications to that schedule and/or extensions have State policies can change over time.The General Plan been approved in the past by the Legislature. The City needs to be able to respond to these changes. State will continue to review and update the Housing law permits up to four amendments per year of a city's Element as necessary in accordance with State law. general plan. It is also anticipated that the City will undertake a comprehensive review of the General Plan Although the General Plan should be designed to every five to seven years. This allows the community provide clear guidance for development in the to reassess its situation and revise its goals, policies, Planning Area, it is also meant to be a flexible and programs accordingly. planning tool for the community. Community needs October 3,2000 Introduction 15 II -4-ent \ , . . . : , , 1 J)evelop I MP ,. I 1 LesiL , Be , I e 0} • Development - scale; that there is a positive relationship between buildings and their surroundings; that the quality of INTRODUCTION design and materials reflects a uniqueness that is often lacking in public and private buildings; that streets are not only functional, but are pleasant to view and comfortable to walk; and that Downtown is PURPOSE AND CONTENT transformed into a pedestrian-friendly, dynamic area. While land use policies establish the balance of land Redding is at the crossroads of evolving from a uses in the City, community design policies establish relatively small community to a midsized city of regional guidelines for the shape and form of the City. importance. Clearly, decisions the City makes today can dramatically change the way Redding looks, feels, Background data and information for this element are and functions in the future. The policies of the contained in Chapters 1 through 4 of the City of Community Development and Design Element will Redding General Plan Background Report. exert a strong influence on how the City will grow and will significantly impact the quality of life and the City's Specific topics addressed within this element include: residents. The General Plan Diagram, together with the policies and implementation programs in this • Background for Planning. element,will determine the location,intensity,design, and quality of new development as well as the • General Plan Land Use Classifications. preservation of those natural assets that are key to Redding's identity. Those policies also provide the Land Use Intensity Standards. foundation for policies in other elements of the Plan. ► General Plan Holding Capacity. The two principal components of this element are land use and design of our built environment. • Area and Specific Plans. Land Use. Land use policies and the General Plan Land Form. Diagram affect every property in the City. They determine how people can use/develop their land and • Natural Environment. what they can reasonably expect to develop next door, down the street, or across town. They provide for Providing Essential Services. overall consistency and compatibility between land uses and can be a determining factor on quality of life. The ' Annexations. policies and Diagram also have a direct bearing on traffic, the feasibility of public transportation, and the Built Environment. quality of the air. Although the General Plan Diagram is an integral part of this element, because of its size,it Promoting Compact Urban Form and has been inserted in a folder at the end of the Policy Transportation Alternatives. Document. ► Residential Land Use Guidelines. Community Design. Achieving a proper balance between the natural environment and the built • Neighborhood Preservation and Enhancement. environment is a key feature of this element. Also key is ensuring that buildings are constructed at a proper • Commercial and Industrial Land Use Guidelines. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 1 • Streets. The Land Use Element is also required to include a statement of the standards of population density and ► Building Heights. building intensity recommended for the various districts and other territory covered by the Plan. ► Public Art. Section 65303 of the California Government Code ► Focus Areas. states that a general plan may include any other optional elements as long as they relate to the physical ► Land Use Administration. development of the City. Due to the interrelationship between land use and community design, the City of AUTHORITY Redding has chosen to develop a Community Development and Design Element, which includes all California Government Code Section 65302(a) states the necessary provisions of the Land Use Element as that a city's general plan shall include: required by the Government Code. "... a Land Use Element which designates the In addition to meeting the mandatory requirements of proposed general distribution, location, and extent of a land use element, the Community Development and the uses of the land for housing; business; industry; Design Element provides guidance in terms of the open space, including agriculture,natural resources, community's expectations and desires relative to recreation, and enjoyment of scenic beauty; development design and aesthetics. education; public buildings and grounds; solid and liquid waste-disposal facilities;and other categories of public and private uses of land." 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 City Persons per Square Mile BACKGROUND Chico 1,953 FOR PLANNING Fairfield 2,506 Modesto 5,347 Woodland 4,137 The General Plan Background Report contains a Redding 1,322 detailed summary of information regarding Redding's Santa Rosa 3,385 development over the past twenty years. It sets the Sacramento 3,930 stage for many of the planning decisions that must be made if we are to evolve into the community we While in part the result of topography, flood-prone desire. Specifically,the report addresses such topics as lands, and physical barriers (such as the Sacramento Redding's economy and outlook for the future, the River, Interstate 5, and the Union Pacific Railroad), existing mix of land uses, estimates of development the relatively low-density, discontinuous nature of potential, population projections, and a myriad of Redding's development pattern does not come without related items. its costs. These include increased costs of providing public services;loss of community identity,or"sense of In addition to statistical analyses, it is also essential place"; decreased air quality due to a near total that the community is looked at in the context of its reliance on the automobile; and a neglect of older, constituent parts. It is important to understand how established residential neighborhoods and commercial and when growth in the City occurred, to be areas in preference for development in new areas. knowledgeable of market and other determining forces, and to look at past failings and consider them Few cities have the luxury of sole control over all land as opportunities to improve the City for all who live in, uses contained within them. Redding is no exception. work in, and visit the community. Redding has grown geographically through the This section provides a sense of how Redding has annexation of lands which were formerly outside its grown over time and what the impacts of that growth jurisdictional control. In fact, some of the larger have been; and it illustrates some of the practical annexations (e.g., Enterprise and Cascade areas) limitations that cities like Redding face when planning added not only significant territory to the City, but for the future. It also highlights the characteristics of increased its population base and level of development as well. In part, this helps to explain why there seems several sectors of Redding,setting the stage for needed to be no organizing principle underlying Redding's policies to address a number of issues. urban structure. It also serves to explain the lack of DEVELOPMENT PATTERN AND consistency in infrastructure improvements,landscape, and building design as well as lack of public-street LAND USE ORGANIZATION access to individual properties found in various parts of the City. The original Redding town site was a mere seven-block by seven-block area bounded by North Street (now OPPORTUNITIES TO INFLUENCE Eureka Way) and South, East, and West Streets. By DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS 1998, the City had grown to approximately 59 square miles-10 square miles larger than San Francisco. This General Plan contains a number of policies that Yet, Redding's 1998 population of 78,000 was about will serve to direct growth, with a priority on those 10 percent of San Francisco's population of 759,000. areas where infrastructure and urban services can be Few would suggest that Redding emulate San economically provided in the short run. Those policies Francisco's development pattern. However,based on are reflected on the General Plan Diagram—the exhibit persons per square mile (ppsm) of incorporated which depicts how each property in the Planning Area territory,Redding—at 1,322 ppsm—ranks among the may be used, whether for commercial, industrial, least densely populated metropolitan areas in the residential, or other uses. The policies include North State as illustrated by the following table. focusing growth within the current City limits; October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 3 providing incentives for higher-density, mixed-use redevelopment occurs or additional multiple-family projects, both Downtown and other key locations; sites are identified, Central and West Redding will encouraging infill development; controlling strip have a significant imbalance in available housing commercial development;concentrating the growth of opportunities. regional-type shopping facilities (i.e., large discount/"big box" retailers) in a relatively few With the construction of Interstate 5, most new locations;and providing neighborhood shopping near commercial investment was directed to locations other residences. However,the Plan also acknowledges that than Central Redding. The expansion of County additional land will eventually be necessary to government offices, Redding Medical Center, and accommodate the City's growing population. Policies Mercy Hospital also promoted office construction call for future expansion of the urban area to the east along Court, Oregon, and West Streets, displacing (Stillwater Creek basin) and northwest (Quartz Hill older residential uses. Road area). Downtown Redding remains an important area, even COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS though it was bypassed by the construction of Interstate 5,encouraging most new retail development Redding's Planning Area can be divided into five to locate east of the river. All other major traffic primary sectors, each of which is shaped by its unique arteries converge Downtown,which contributes to its characteristics, histories, and issues. These areas are viability. Recent efforts, including redevelopment (1) Central and West Redding, (2) East Redding projects to improve the appearance and pedestrian (Enterprise), (3) Dana Drive and Northeast Redding, orientation of Downtown streets, demonstrate the (4) North Redding, and (5) South Redding. community's commitment to maintaining and enhancing the unique character of the heart of the Central and West Redding community. The development of the Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum by the River and the new Central Redding is the location of the City's original Civic Center will serve to emphasize the importance of commercial and office core. Local government the City's core area. facilities and most of its older residential districts are also located here. Spreading outward from the original East Redding (Enterprise) town site astride the railroad in a grid pattern typical of the time, Redding grew north and east to the edge Development in the Enterprise area occurred almost of the bluff that borders the Sacramento River, south entirely in the postwar years. Early subdivisions were along the highway and railroad spine, and west into located along Old Highway 44 (now known as Cypress the hills and gullies. Extension of the early street Avenue), Chum Creek Road, and Hartnell Avenue. pattern across the ravines created unusable lots and Subsequent development has taken place both to the "paper"streets that remain undeveloped today. north up to the new State Highway 44 and to the south into the Churn Creek Bottom area. The street Some of the City's most unique and historic residential pattern in some older residential areas is poor, with areas are located west of Central Redding in the long,dead-end streets and offset intersections. A lack Magnolia neighborhood and its adjacent of adequate subdivision regulations in the early days of neighborhoods. Farther west,beyond Benton Airpark development permitted the creation of large,deep lots and the now closed Benton Sanitary Landfill, lies a surrounded by smaller lots and hundreds of landlocked large, residential district, consisting exclusively of parcels that can be reached only by private roads or by single-family subdivisions. Development of some of access drives across other properties. This lot pattern these areas began in the early 1950s, and new makes further development very inefficient and developments continue to be constructed today. difficult and necessitates providing new,costly streets and infrastructure. West Redding is not only home to some of the City's more popular neighborhoods,but also home to Mercy Like the residential areas,commercial development in Hospital and numerous doctors'office complexes and the Enterprise area originally occurred in a haphazard professional offices. Until such time as Downtown manner along Old State Highway 44, Bechelli Lane, 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Hartnell Avenue,and at freeway interchanges. Access North Redding to many stores in these locations is poor, and the nature of this strip-type development—with each Like Enterprise, the North Redding area, extending establishment having its own parking lot and from Keswick Dam to Shasta College, includes a driveway—precludes parking once and visiting several scattering of residential and commercial development. businesses. The construction of Interstate 5 had a Along North Market Street, formerly Highway 99, noticeable impact on commercial growth at the north Redding's "Miracle Mile" is lined with a variety of end of this area along Hilltop Drive and other easily motel,restaurant,retail,and auto sales establishments. accessible locations. Service stations, motels, Adjoining lowlands to the west have been developed restaurants, and other uses that seek readily visible with residential subdivisions and affordable housing sites and easy freeway access can be found in this area. units. Lake Redding-Caldwell Park extends along the This area continues to develop with commercial uses, north bank of the river on each side of the railroad which can now be found along Churn Creek Road as trestle. This major recreation area has picnicking, well. Two overpasses across State Highway 44 playground, swimming, and other facilities. connect this area to the newly expanding Dana Drive regional commercial hub and to an expanding Lake Boulevard is the main artery of the Buckeye area, residential area to the northeast. a major portion of which was annexed to the City of Redding in 1969. Strip commercial development is Dana Drive and Northeast Redding strung along Lake Boulevard, and there is scattered residential development in the area. Landlocked Following the construction of Interstate 5,a noticeable parcels are common, with heavy dependence on pattern of commercial development, together with private roads for access. Mobile homes are a major additional suburban residential growth, has occurred residential type here, both in mobile home parks and north of State Highway 44 along Dana Drive. on individual lots. The pattern of small ownerships Additional growth has also occurred along the and prevalence of mobile homes in some areas may northern extension of Churn Creek Road and tend to discourage subdivision activity,particularly on eastward along Old Alturas Road. Commercial the northern fringe of the Planning Area along Oasis development largely commenced with the Mount Road. Shasta Mall, which is located at the northeast corner of Hilltop Drive and Dana Drive. Subsequent regional South Redding commercial development has since spread eastward to Victor Avenue. In conjunction with commercial Much of the development of South Redding came activities, residential development flourished to the after World War II when subdivision activity north on Churn Creek Road and to the east on Old expanded into the lower elevations and along the Alturas Road. The Dana Drive Benefit District and Anderson-Cottonwood Irrigation District Canal the Churn Creek Road Overcrossing Assessment (ACID). Scattered developments also sprang up in District were formed in order to provide infrastructure the Live Oak-Bonnyview (Cascade) area to the south for this newly established regional commercial hub. and along ridge tops in the southwestern part of the Planning Area. Also to the south, the old principal All signs indicate that the available vacant commercial traffic artery—Old Highway 99 (now known as land in this area will be built out by the year 2005. Highway 273)—became a commercial strip lined with Plans to expand the Mount Shasta Mall have been an assortment of motels, truck stops, and service explored, and it is likely that these plans will stations; industrial and distribution establishments; commence before the year 2000. Large regional and local retail services. As a commercial gateway to commercial store developers are still exploring options the City, this area has largely become obsolete in within the Dana Drive area. Multiple-family and design and function. single-family development continues to expand immediately north and east of the commercial Several recent residential developments have occurred development. Vehicle traffic in this area has increased in the area,including the Country Heights Subdivision significantly, which has necessitated the upgrade and along the western ridges,as well as new developments improvement of the streets and intersections. in the Creekside,Hemlock,and East Bonnyview Road October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 5 areas. The latter developments have led to a Caldwell Park,and the bluffs that mark the edge of the reduction in the pastoral setting that was recently Downtown. Emphasis should be placed on providing prevalent in the area. high-quality visitor services such as restaurants, motels, and similar services. OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE COMMUNITY'S APPEARANCE South Market Street is an extended strip of motels mingled with commercial services and industrial uses One of Redding's greatest assets and defining features and continues to be an important artery for local traffic is the Sacramento River. Lake Redding-Caldwell Park entering Redding. North of the railroad underpass, demonstrates what can be done with the riverbank the existing street section makes it difficult to provide where flat land is available. But not all of the bank a tree-lined median strip, but small traffic islands and need be landscaped. Much of the wooded shoreline appropriate areas along each side of the street could be should be retained in its natural state for enjoyment enhanced with groups of trees that would not interfere within the area and viewing from other locations. The with traffic movements. More restrained signage and glistening water,sheer cliffs, tree-lined banks,and the a general upgrading of the appearance of commercial network of creeks and gullies leading from the river are establishments lining the street would improve the all important scenic assets as well as potential appearance of the corridor considerably. Additional recreational areas. Wherever possible, views of the plantings along each side of the corridor, including river should be protected and enhanced. clusters of trees supplemented with bands of low- Development of prominent sites with attractive,well- maintenance shrubbery, could also do much to designed buildings should be encouraged, and public improve the appearance and create visual interest. access should be preserved. Eureka Way, entering Redding through the western The approach to Redding from the east (State foothills, is another important gateway to the Route 44) offers a fine view of the City, with Mercy community. Apartment and office development, Hospital and Redding Medical Center standing out as compatible with the terrain and nearby high-quality landmarks. This entrance should be improved and residential areas, has precluded to some extent the enhanced to create an attractive gateway. The commercial strip that might have otherwise arisen. foothills beyond the City should be preserved to Continued careful zoning regulations and design maintain an open, largely undeveloped backdrop. guidelines are needed to ensure a high standard of development. Cypress Avenue provides the freeway traveler with services and also gives visitors and residents another Several retail centers throughout the community, entrance into Central Redding. Here, stately trees which were constructed prior to current landscape should replace overhead utility lines, and median standards and proposed design guidelines,contain vast landscaping should be provided. Plantings are needed areas of uninterrupted asphalt and building facades to reduce the expanse and bleakness of large parking that lack any unique architectural features. lots. Comprehensive remodeling of these facilities should be encouraged to address not only building facade North Market Street, Redding's former front door to upgrades, but overall landscape and signage. The the north,provides a striking entrance as the motorist impact of such remodeling projects would be more crests the hill at Lake Boulevard and begins the than visual. These kinds of improvements could bring descent to the river. But the so-called"Miracle Mile" new life to older commercial areas and help them to fails to carry through the invitation to Redding. compete more effectively with newer commercial Excessive signage and limited landscape detract from developments. the corridor. More trees and landscaping of the broad roadway are needed, along with more restrained Downtown is characterized primarily by older one-and signage that identifies each use without blocking out two-story structures, many with remodeled fronts and the next. North Market Street should have the aspect a variety of projecting canopies and signs. Some of a parkway, leading to the Sacramento River Bridge undergrounding of utility lines has been completed with its view of Shasta Bally and Lake Redding, over the years. This program should be continued and 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 expanded to other parts of the City as well. Recent Redding's residential areas have grown at a moderate efforts of the Downtown Task Force and Redding pace over the years with relatively few large-scale, Redevelopment Agency have led to the construction look-alike subdivisions. Development has taken place of a variety of improvements designed to enhance the in all directions outward from Downtown. Some have overall streetscape. These include decorative an urban look with fully paved streets,including curbs, pavement treatments, contemporary streetlights, gutters,and sidewalks. Others have semirural settings landscape, and pedestrian-oriented features. with few city-type improvements. Variety and quality Continuation of these improvements should be should be encouraged in all site planning and building extended along all primary arterials within the design to set a new standard of community pride of the Downtown to clearly distinguish it from other parts of built environment. the community. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 7 Uses that are typically located in residential areas, such as churches, schools, parks, residential care THE LAND USE PLAN facilities, and child-care facilities, are not specifically addressed within the residential definitions. Further, uses such as offices, clinics, and similar uses may be established in certain multiple-family areas as determined appropriate by implementing zoning. GENERAL PLAN LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONS Residential — 1 Dwelling Unit per 5 Acres and Larger (5 a/u) The following describes the land use classifications used in this General Plan. The classifications shown This category is characterized by very large rural lots, on the General Plan Diagram designate the types of a minimum of five acres in size. It is appropriate in uses that are allowed within each area of the City. areas which have historically been utilized for The classifications fall within eight major land use agricultural purposes and those areas which are categories:Residential,Commercial,Industrial,Public constrained by relatively extreme topography or are in and Institutional, Airport Service, Parks, Greenway outlying rural areas. (Open Space),and Critical Mineral Resource Overlay. Residential — 1 Dwelling Unit per 1 to 5 Acres Residential densities and commercial (1 to 5 a/c) (e.g., nonresidential) intensity are computed using This category is characterized by large rural lots, gross developable acreage. For purposes of this General Plan, gross developable acreage refers to that generally greater than one acre in size. This category land remaining for development (including roadways) is applied to hillside areas and to transition areas after environmental constraints(floodplains and slopes between agricultural or other rural uses and urban exceeding 20 percent) have been deducted from gross uses. Clustered development with smaller lots is acreage. Required resource buffer areas as discussed in encouraged provided that the project density does not this General Plan,while not available for development, exceed that allowed for the property, and clustering provides consolidated open-space areas in excess of may be included as developable acreage for the purpose of calculating project density. that which would otherwise be achieved. Each of the classifications listed below is accompanied Residential— 1 to 2 Dwelling Units per Acre (1 to by a general description and context for the use of the 2 u/a) classification. The classifications are implemented by This classification accommodates the needs of the City's Zoning Code. residents who desire large parcels (20,000 square feet RESIDENTIAL or more) and the feeling of open space integrated with a suburban lifestyle. The range is sufficiently flexible The General Plan Diagram of the General Plan to be used in terrain that would otherwise require includes eight residential categories which provide for extensive grading to develop(10 to 20 percent average a full range of housing types for the City. slopes). At the upper end of the density range, subdivisions will include fully developed streets and Each residential category includes a density range sidewalks and will be served by public sewer and water. (minimum and maximum densities). While the City At the lower end of the density range, particularly in assumes that variations in density and private market hillside areas, alternative street designs, street conditions will determine the types of housing standards,and pedestrian facilities may be appropriate. produced, the City will utilize the policies of the various elements of this Plan to evaluate development Residential — 2 to 3.5 Dwelling Units per Acre proposals for appropriate densities within the given (2 to 3.5 u/a) ranges. This range allows for the development of subdivisions which portray a suburban lifestyle, with lots generally 8 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 not smaller than 8,000 square feet. A typical Residential — 20 to 30 Dwelling Units per Acre development would include larger-than-average- to (20 to 30 u/a) average-size homes organized around planned open- space areas and parks to provide visual relief and This classification is intended for multiple-story, recreational opportunities for residents. The upper multiple-family projects,including condominiums and end of the density range is generally not appropriate apartments located within or adjacent to Downtown or for properties with natural slopes that exceed 8 along arterial corridors served by public transit. percent. COMMERCIAL Residential — 3.5 to 6 Dwelling Units per Acre (3.5 to 6 u/a) The following commercial land use classifications accommodate the various segments of the commercial This classification is intended to accommodate market. These range from small, neighborhood- detached or attached single-family homes on a variety serving commercial projects to commercial projects of lot sizes (generally not less than 5,000 square feet in that are regional in scale. Office uses are also area) or the clustering of lots separated by common accommodated in these classifications. Residential open spaces to accommodate a range of residential uses may be established in conjunction with housing types,including duplexes. This density range commercial uses in all commercial classifications as is generally not appropriate for natural slope areas defined below, except in heavy commercial areas; exceeding 8 percent, except on large projects where however, residential uses in the two "Office" slope areas can be avoided or the units otherwise classifications may be limited to appropriate areas. designed to be compatible with natural breaks in the Except within the "Mixed Use Core," "General hillside terrain. Commercial,"and"Limited Office"classifications,such residential uses should be subordinate to the Residential — 6 to 10 Dwelling Units per Acre commercial use in scale and project impact. (6 to 10 u/a) Limited Office (LO) This classification is intended to accommodate single- family detached units, attached single-family patio This classification acts as a transition area within homes, and/or townhouses. Multiple-family projects commercial areas or between commercial areas and and mobile home parks are also appropriate when residential areas. Development is typified by a building located near the arterial or collector street system. or a cluster of buildings built at a residential scale that Clustering is encouraged to provide common open provides professional office space. Generally,buildings spaces and recreational amenities to the residents. will be single-story;however,with adequate separation Generally, this designation is not appropriate on lots from residential uses, two-story buildings may be with slopes exceeding 8 percent, except on large appropriate. Service businesses that are quiet and projects where slope areas can be avoided or the units compatible with residential uses also may be permitted otherwise designed to be compatible with natural subject to appropriate performance standards. breaks in the hillside terrain. General Office (GO) Residential — 10 to 20 Dwelling Units per Acre (10 to 20 u/a) This classification provides sites for professional and business offices and personal-service businesses with This classification is intended for multiple-family appropriate and compatible accessory uses. This projects ranging from townhouses to apartments, classification may also be used for rest homes;nursing typically located on arterial or collector street(s). This homes; day-care facilities; hospitals; religious, classification is not appropriate on parcels with slopes educational, cultural, and public-utility uses; and exceeding 8 percent, except on large projects where financial institutions. Ancillary retail uses, such as slope areas can be avoided or the units otherwise pharmacies, are appropriate as are "sit-down" designed to be compatible with natural breaks in the restaurants. hillside terrain. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 9 Neighborhood Commercial (NC) Mixed Use Core (MUC) This designation provides for convenience and This classification provides for a full range of uses in neighborhood shopping areas which provide a range of the Downtown area,including retail stores;eating and day-to-day retail goods and services. Neighborhood- drinking establishments; commercial recreation; commercial uses can range from free-standing "mom entertainment and cultural facilities; financial, and pop"stores and service establishments to a cluster business, and personal services; hospitals; hotels and of uses on parcels of several acres. Auto-oriented uses, motels; educational and social services; and other than service stations/minimarkets, are not government offices. Residential uses up to 50 dwelling allowed. units per acre also are allowed. Shopping Center (SC) Heavy Commercial (HC) This classification provides sites for shopping centers This classification is intended to provide sites for serving a larger market area than a neighborhood commercial businesses, particularly those not center,but a smaller market than a regional center. A permitted in other commercial areas because of the typical center includes two or more anchor tenants, large scale of the buildings and frequent truck such as a supermarket and combined deliveries which may have adverse impacts on other drug/variety/garden business; tenants offering businesses. These uses may include automobile consumer goods and personal services; and office and services,building materials storage and sales,nurseries, clinic uses. Sites generally will range from 5 to equipment sales,wholesaling,storage,and similar uses. 20 acres and accommodate 50,000 to 200,000 square Typical retail commercial businesses are also allowed, feet of building area. Scale of development,including although this classification is not intended for individual buildings,will be at a smaller scale than that shopping centers, "power centers," or similar retail found in developments servicing a regional market. development. Residential uses,except as necessary to provide facilities for night watchmen,are not allowed. Regional Commercial (RC) INDUSTRIAL This classification accommodates a mix of retail uses and associated services on a regional scale, including The industrial land use classifications allow different malls with several full-line department stores as anchor types of warehousing, manufacturing, or processing tenants. Power centers and free-standing retail,office, businesses to be located in appropriate areas by and service establishments are also appropriate. accommodating a variety of manufacturing and Individual buildings may range from 100,000 to employment activities ranging from small, employee- 200,000 square feet of floor area;enclosed malls could intensive businesses to large, capital-intensive range from 500,000 to over 1 million square feet in businesses. Ancillary uses and restaurants are floor area. appropriate. Residential uses, except as necessary to provide facilities for night watchmen,are not allowed. General Commercial (GC) General Industry (GI) This classification is intended for existing commercial strips on arterial streets and interchange areas where This classification allows a wide variety of industrial commercial concentration are desirable. Allowable activities and related uses generally characterized by uses include retail stores,offices, and personal-service their limited potential to create significant adverse establishments. Financial institutions,private schools, visual,noise, or other impacts to adjoining public and day-care facilities,convalescent hospitals,automobile residential properties. Such uses may include: sales and service, and similar uses also may be industrial and business parks, offices, manufacturing, permitted subject to appropriate standards. Scale of processing, assembling, research, warehousing, small- development,including individual buildings,will be at and large-scale wholesale distribution, heavy a smaller scale than that found in developments equipment sales and repair,screened outdoor storage, servicing a regional market. and similar and compatible uses. Supporting retail and restaurant uses may be allowed subject to size limits 10 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 and siting criteria. Uses characterized by substantial Parks (improved open space) (PK); Golf Course outdoor processing and/or storage are not allowed (public) (PK-G) under this classification (see "Heavy Industry"). This land use classification provides for both public Heavy Industry (HI) and private open space. The primary land uses include existing and future large neighborhood and regional This classification allows for the broadest range of parks, golf courses, athletic fields, and open-space industrial uses, including manufacturing, processing, areas adjacent to improved parks or trails. The assembling, research, warehousing, small- and large- General Plan Diagram does not depict existing parks scale wholesale and distribution,railroad facilities,and less than two acres in size. Public golf courses similar and compatible uses. Supporting retail and designated on the General Plan Diagram of"Park/Golf' restaurant uses may be allowed subject to size may be redeveloped to residential uses consistent with limitations and siting criteria. This classification will the residential density immediately abutting the also accommodate uses that are characterized by property. substantial outdoor processing and/or storage including: concrete and asphalt batch plants, Recreation (REC) automobile dismantling yards, bulk materials and equipment storage, full-line lumber mills/yards, As defined in the Redding Riverfront Specific Plan, manufacturing of concrete products, and similar uses. this classification denotes areas for active water or beach-oriented recreation that utilizes the Kutras Lake OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS as an asset. Use of facilities would be water-oriented, generally open in nature,seasonal in use, and without Airport Service (AS) significant investment in buildings. Uses in this category would maintain public views of and This classification includes activities which are enjoyment of Kutras Lake and Motel Lake. typically associated with airports and airport-related uses. This includes a full range of activities such as Greenway (GWY) aircraft sales, service, and storage; charter services; and ancillary visitor services such as food,lodging,and "Greenway"is natural open space and includes slopes car rentals. The uses may either be publicly or in excess of 20 percent and the 100-year floodplain of privately operated and must conform with any the Sacramento River and its tributary creeks and applicable adopted Airport Land Use Plan and policies. streams. Natural open space is located predominantly along the Sacramento River,its tributary streams,and Public Facilities or Institutional (PF-I; PF-I-S) the bluffs and creeks of West and East Redding. Because of the inherent dangers to life and property This classification is intended for public and quasi- and irrevocable damage to the natural environment, public facilities, including, but not limited to, these natural land and water areas should not be government services and facilities, fire stations, urbanized or significantly altered. The specific limits wastewater treatment facilities, electrical substations, of"Greenway"on any property must be determined by airports, domestic water treatment and storage, a topographic or flooding analysis particular to that landfills, and similar uses. It is also appropriate for property. institutional uses, such as schools and accredited secondary educational facilities, hospitals, and These natural areas are an important local resource cemeteries, as well as appropriate lands controlled by and serve as places in which flora or fauna can be philanthropic and nonprofit organizations for existing maintained in its natural state. In addition, these or future public uses. The General Plan Diagram may areas provide relief from urbanization,reduce siltation not depict public facilities sites that occupy less than from excessive grading, buffer various land use two acres. activities and transportation routes, are an important visual resource, and can be part of the City's urban trail system. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 11 Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay"area must be part of an integrated development, proposed project This classification allows for a greater variety of uses boundaries must be logical, and it must be and flexibility in site planning than is generally demonstrated that the project can functionally relate permitted in other classifications. The intent of the to adjacent properties consistent with the intent of this "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay" is to allow the district. Mixed-use development is encouraged to creation of a mix of land uses in a compact pattern develop in areas outside the designated "Mixed Use that will reduce dependency on the automobile and Neighborhood Overlay"classification as well,provided basin air quality impacts and promote high-quality, that the concentration of uses is located near a transit interactive neighborhoods. Mixed-use neighborhoods opportunity and is designed to accommodate are characterized by interconnected streets, vertical pedestrian activity and circulation. and/or horizontal mix of commercial and residential uses, and facilities that encourage pedestrian activity Development within the identified "Mixed Use and transit accessibility. In order to ensure an Neighborhood" areas is subject to the following appropriate mix of uses within proposed developments, parameters: the minimum percentage of a proposed development site that is required for each land use component is These projects result in the development of mixed-use shown on Table 1-1. neighborhoods generally between 20 and 160 acres in size that are developed within an average one-quarter Table 1-1 mile walking distance of a transit stop. The design, Proportion of Uses configuration, and mix of uses provide an alternative to traditional suburban development patterns by Minimum Average promoting development of pedestrian-oriented Use Minimum Residential Density environments and the use of public transportation. This development type—also known as Transit Mixed Use Core 10%' 12.0 dwelling units/acre Oriented Development (TOD)—mixes residential, Residential 50% 8.0 dwelling units/acre retail, office, open space, and public areas, making it Public 10% N/A convenient for residents and employees to travel by transit, bicycle, foot, and automobile. 1 Up to 100,000 square feet of commercial may be allowed. 2 Maximum residential density-24.0 dwelling units per acre. To utilize this overlay district, in developing area, The General Plan Diagram depicts several areas where development proposals must be found to be consistent mixed-use projects are encouraged. These areas with the intent of the "Mixed Use Neighborhood include Downtown ("Mixed Use Core") and several Overlay" and must be approved under the City's areas depicted by the "Mixed Use Neighborhood Planned Development District. Development proposals not consistent with this district are limited to Overlay" classification. The "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay" areas are predominantly the residential densities called for by the underlying undeveloped and have sufficient land area for land use classification. development of cohesive mixed-use projects. The "Mixed Use Neighborhood Overlay" is also Although not all properties identified within each appropriate for use in established neighborhoods where CONCEPTUAL MIXED USE VILLAGE a neighborhood plan, area plan,specific plan,or other Ce y_ planning effort has identified locations desirable for Offi Core Commercial _ is wog establishing a mix of retail, office, and residential uses Transit Stop to serve the neighborhood. In addition to specifying appropriate locations for mixed uses, the planning Residential O document should also establish basic design and Public compatibility standards/guidelines. In these instances, In implementation will occur through zoning to an appropriate mixed-use zoning district. 12 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Critical Mineral Resource Overlay appropriate extent of development on each parcel. Given conservative population projections,theoretical This classification is applied as an "overlay" buildout of the Plan Area under proposed land use designation in areas identified by the California classifications would not occur for 40 to 50 years. Division of Mines and Geology (DMG) as containing mineral resources of demonstrated/measured or Buildout projections, particularly for single-family inferred significance in locations that the City residential classifications, must be tempered with generally considers suitable for mineral-extraction growth policies of the Plan. It is the intent of this Plan activities. to encourage new development within existing service areas, in this manner avoiding "leap frog" In order to ensure the viability of existing and future development. However, as the supply of vacant land mineral resource-extraction activities in the overlay diminishes over time, new areas should be opened up areas, new development within and immediately for development. This will not only serve to provide adjacent to lands where a "Critical Mineral Resource adequate housing opportunities for a growing Overlay" has been applied will be subject to population, but will serve to moderate land prices. discretionary approval. Uses generally viewed as Based on historic and projected trends, the General incompatible within a "Critical Mineral Resource Plan Diagram classifies sufficient land within the Overlay"include,but are not limited to: (1)residences corporate boundary for suburban density,single-family in concentrations greater than one unit per 40 acres areas to accommodate the anticipated demand for (applies to new land divisions, not existing legal approximately 20 to 25 years. Additional lands are parcels); (2) critical, sensitive, and high-occupancy available outside the corporate limits, but in the facilities as defined in the Health and Safety Element; Planning Area. and (3) industrial or commercial uses which are sensitive to noise, dust, or vibration. Two types of development estimates are used to determine what the land use map and related policies LAND USE INTENSITY STANDARDS mean in terms of holding capacity and buildout. Population projections are based on the number of In addition to characterizing the types of allowable acres of residentially classified property, which is not land uses, the General Plan must specify standards for subject to"Greenway"restrictions as addressed in this population density and building intensity for the Plan. This "net acreage"is multiplied by the assumed various land use classifications adopted by the City. average density of the ranges provided by each This information not only provides insight as to how residential land use classification. The acreage many residents, jobs, and housing units will be for each classification is totaled and then multiplied by accommodated by the Plan, but is also useful in the average number of residents per household as planning for infrastructure, traffic, schools, and civic determined by the State Department of Finance— improvements. These building-intensity and 2.36 persons per household. population-density standards can be used to calculate "holding capacity" or"buildout." The intensity of nonresidential development must be estimated using a different approach. This Plan Holding capacity is normally referred to as the number acknowledges that allowable intensity is a function of of people that could theoretically be accommodated in the size (in square-footage terms) of buildings that can the Planning Area if all land were to develop to the be placed on each parcel. This is done by establishing maximum potential allowed by the land use a maximum "floor area ratio" (FAR) for each designations of the Plan. Buildout is the point in time nonresidential land use classification. A floor area at which the land in the Planning Area is being used ratio is a ratio of the gross building square footage to the maximum extent allowed by the Plan. Buildout permitted on a lot to the net square footage of the lot. of a planning area to its maximum holding capacity For example, on a lot with 10,000 square feet of land will rarely occur given such factors as limitations on area, a FAR of.50 would allow 5,000 square feet of capacity of resources, infrastructure, public services floor area to be built regardless of the number of stories necessary to support new development, and the in the building (e.g., 2,500 square feet per floor on choices by individual property owners about the 2 floors or 5,000 square feet on one floor.) As with October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 13 residential uses, not all properties will develop to the designations shown on the General Plan Diagram. maximum allowable floor area ratio. The Plan assumes Adjustments for existing development have not been a "typical" ratio in determining the ultimate extent of made, recognizing that, over time, many areas will development. redevelop in accordance with this Plan. It should be noted that State highways and the Union Pacific Tables 1-2 and 1-3 provide estimates of the number Railroad do not have classifications associated with of housing units, population, and square footage of them. nonresidential development that will be accommodated by this General Plan, based on the FLOOR AREA RATIO • 4 stories / ` / �• ' 2 stories '.� • -4-...... ...: 14444104401 1 story Various Building Configurations Representing a Floor Area Ratio of 1.00 on the Same Lot `' 14 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Table 1-2 General Plan Holding Capacity Residential Land Uses Land Use Designations Assumed Typical Acres Dwelling Units Population' Residential Density RESIDENTIAL(dwelling unit per acre [du/a]) 1 du/5 ac 1 du/5 ac 5,747 1,149 2,713 1 du/1 to 5 ac 1 du/2.5 ac 9,645 3,858 9,105 1-2 du/a 1.5 du/a 3,985 5,978 14,107 2-3.5 du/a 2.75 du/a 12,489 34,345 81,054 3.5-6 du/a 4.75 du/a 2,160 10,260 24,214 6-10 du/a 8 du/a 1,700 13,600 32,096 10-20 du/a 15 du/a 1,021 15,315 36,143 20-30 du/a 25 du/a 33 825 1,947 TOTAL N/A 36,780 85,330 201,379 Assumes an average of 2.36 persons per dwelling unit. NOTE: Development of mixed-use projects within the"Mixed Use Overlay"Districts and in the Downtown area would increase the buildout population by approximately 10,000 to 15,000 persons. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 15 Table 1-3 General Plan Holding Capacity Nonresidential Land Uses Maximum CommlMdus Typical CommlMdus Assumed Comml/Indus Land Use Designations Floor Area Ratio Floor Area Ratio Acres Square Footage(x1,000)2 COMMERCIAL Limited Office .35 .20 143 1,220 General Office .45 .35 554 8,446 SUBTOTAL 694 9,666 Neighborhood Commercial .30 .25 75 817 Shopping Center .30 .25 171 1,862 Regional Commercial .30 .25 480 5,227 General Commercial .30 .25 1,208 13,155 Mixed Use Core 2.00 1.00 121 5,271 SUBTOTAL 2,055 26,332 HEAVY COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRY Heavy Commercial .35 .30 1,125 14,701 General Industry' .40' .30 3,331 43,530 Heavy Industry' .50' .40 2,084 36,312 SUBTOTAL 6,540 94,543 OTHERS 3 Airport Service .40 .30 1,228 3 Pub.Facilities/Institutional .40 .35 3,127 Greenway N/A N/A 19,843 N/A Park N/A N/A 1,159 N/A Recreation N/A N/A 51 N/A SUBTOTAL 25,409 TOTAL 34,697 130,541 ` Maximum Floor Area Ratio(FAR) of.60 allowed for low employment industries (e.g.,warehousing,wholesaling,or distribution). 2 Based on expected typical floor area ratios. 3 Uses do not lend themselves to estimation since most properties will not fully develop or will remain undeveloped. NOTE:Rights-of-way for State highways and the Union Pacific Railroad are not included in acreage calculations. 16 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Future Commercial and Industrial Land Needs As noted in the policies of this element, significantly more industrially classified land is provided than The analysis of existing land use contained in the demand would suggest is warranted. This ensures that General Plan Background Report is based on 1995 data there is a wide variety of land available to meet and provides important information on the quantities currently unknown needs for access, parcel of land that are consumed by various types of activities. configuration, separation of uses, and similar siting In summary, that report indicates that retail and office concerns. uses,collectively described as "Commercial,"occupied approximately 1,395 acres of land, or about 17.9 acres SPECIFIC PLANS A N D per 1,000 population. Industrial and heavy commercial COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLANS uses accounted for an additional 1,697 acres, or 21.7 acres per 1,000 population. Assuming that industrial In some instances, more refined land use policies are and commercial land needs are to increase in appropriate to reflect the unique nature or proportion to projected population growth within the development potential of a particular area. Such City for the year 2020 (113,000 total population), the refinements are described in individual area or specific City will need to provide additional land to plans. Prior to preparation of the City's 2000 General accommodate physical growth in these sectors. Under Plan Update, 19 area and/or specific plans were this assumption, the minimum amount of additional adopted for various locations in the City. All the area land needed in these categories will be: plans have been superseded by the 2000 General Plan Update. However, because of its unique nature and ►Industrial/Heavy Commercial 564 total acres continued applicability,the Redding Riverfront Specific Commercial 465 total acres Plan remains in effect. This Plan recognizes the inherent limitations of data The City's Comprehensive Land Use Plans for the reliability as well the difficulty in predicting trends Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark were decades into the future. Further,it is desirable to plan contained within the Redding Municipal Airport Area for these types of uses beyond the time frame of this Plan and the Westside Area Plan, respectively. Since Plan in order to adequately project infrastructure needs those area plans were superceded by adoption of the and to plan for appropriate adjacent land uses. 2000 General Plan update,the comprehensive land use Therefore,the Plan proposes that lands be classified for plans for those Airports will be reformatted to meet the these uses in excess of projected 2020 needs. Land requirements of State law. consumption will be based predominantly on market forces. It should be noted that the commercial component should provide sufficient retail and office lands to accommodate buildout of the Plan. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 17 CDD 1 A. Use Figure 1-1 to determine appropriate locations for accommodating urban growth GOALS AND POLICIES within the City and the Planning Area. The Primary and Secondary Growth Areas depicted on that figure strike a balance between: FUTURE URBAN AREA The need for future urban expansion areas. It is the policy of the City to encourage new urban development within its Sphere of Influence to occur The costs associated with annexing within the City. This will allow new development areas areas which contain existing to be served with a full range of community services by substandard development. the City, will permit necessary economies of scale in service provision to be achieved, and will result in Rural/urban interface conflicts. logical service boundaries. ► The ability of the City to provide This plan establishes Primary and Secondary Growth urban services. Areas. The Primary Growth Area consists of those lands within the corporate boundaries at the time this CDD 1 B. Consider annexation of additional lands plan was adopted as well as those contiguous areas and under any of the following circumstances: "County islands"that are adjacent to already developed ► The annexation will result in: areas. • The Secondary Growth Area encompasses the balance A more logical service area of the lands within the Sphere of Influence that the boundary. City has determined are appropriate for future • The elimination of an existing urbanization and annexation to the City. Depending County"island." on Redding's land needs over the coming decades, these lands may not be urbanized during the time frame • More efficient provision of urban of this plan. services. The following policies will influence how the City will • A resolution of existing health grow in a geographic sense in the coming years. and safety concerns. Success will take cooperation from the County of Shasta as well as the Local Agency Formation • A neutral or positive fiscal impact Commission (LAFCO). The intent of these policies is to the City. to direct new development into the existing corporate boundaries, while preserving the ability of the City to Consider modifications of the Primary annex and urbanize additional areas as the demands of Growth Area boundary only when the growth require. land supply for single-family housing development declines to a ten-year ENCOURAGE URBAN GROWTH TO supply or less as determined by the G 0 A L OCCUR WITHIN THE CITY AND City and/or when appropriate lands for PROVIDE A DEVELOPMENT industrial development are identified. PATTERN THAT ESTABLISHES AN CDD 1 ORDERLY URBAN SERVICE AREA. CDD1C. Promote orderly expansion of the City's boundaries through the approval of prezoning prior to annexation. Establish Policies to achieve this goal are to: 18 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 SHASTA DAM IF ,, fir O WgCK fR .1?ak' a4, q. Ve h ce A • r, A 4 r - • MUNITY ,/ .%/ry E. IES :. 'Si ii /�f ( yi...„,„ -17• VI 'i4 _, o f/ 13 CO G. SR 299 '+'•'tM1 ,C�_ OLD ALT RAS W .EUREKA... .6 060 IL- .,rt _.f\ . .-i-:IN ` ' a ! Vii / / . :. ,, i�■■ HARTNELLilkiNi / %js/ �y 1LuI1\r SRi04". oA .. ,00,14 Y W W K V a Z x p iI REDDI , GIRVAN , v MUNICI• L I AIRPDR" CREEK N. 1 �a \ A .4*1"., 4. Ige -" / � �r 7 Gq PRIMARY GROWTH AREA \\ •44 011.14.' ® DERSCH V/7//Ai SECONDARY GROWTH AREA s .... 1- CITY OF REDDING LIMITS ,' s� z 9 U t^ Z S D:\GP\PRIMSECCROWTH Figure 1-1 Primary and Secondary Growth Areas N w E Community Development And Design Element Octobes3,2000 19 specific findings and criteria for PROVIDING ESSENTIAL SERVICES consideration of prezoning requests within the Primary and Secondary Growth Areas. A key component of rational development is ensuring that basic public facilities and services are provided to CDD1D. Refer all development applications which all persons in the community. Equally important is have the potential to impact lands or ensuring that levels of service remain acceptable over facilities in the unincorporated area to time and are not eroded by additional development as Shasta County for review and comment. it occurs in the City. Generally, citizens should not have to accept reductions in service levels that result in CDD IE. Encourage adjacent jurisdictions to adopt longer response times for emergency services,electrical development standards consistent with the "brown-outs,"inadequate domestic water supply,over- City's. crowded schools, or other inadequate public services. This section focuses on basic public facilities and CDD1F. Generally oppose development of services and expresses the intent to ensure that new community septic systems or temporary development will be adequately served without causing sewage disposal facilities within the Sphere a deterioration of service levels in established areas of of Influence. the City. CDD1G. Require annexation before services are ENSURE THE ABILITY OF THE CITY, provided by the City, except under GOAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS, AND OTHER extraordinary circumstances. PUBLIC-SERVICE PROVIDERS TO CDD1H. Support the creation of new, or the EFFICIENTLY PROVIDE EXPECTED expansion of existing, special districts CDD2 AND NECESSARY PUBLIC FACILITIES within the City's Sphere of Influence only AND SERVICES TO THEIR where service agreements already exist. CONSTITUENTS. CDD1I. Require preparation and approval of Policies to achieve this goal are to: specific plans for the Keswick Dam/Quartz CDD2A. Require construction of private Hill Road area and the Oasis Road area development projects to be coordinated prior to annexation. (See Appendix"A") with the timing and location of public The specific plan shall comply with the services. Ensure through a combination of guidelines contained in that appendix. development fees and other appropriate CDD1J. Work with Shasta County to develop and funding mechanisms that development implement a planning strategy that will pays its fair share of the costs of permit the orderly urbanization of key constructing/providing new facilities and areas within the Stillwater Basin and the services as determined by the direct Quartz Hill Specific Plan Area. The impacts that such development has on strategy should include emphasis on these essential services. determining: CDD2B. Ensure that new development will not ▪ The distribution and design of future degrade public services below established arterial and collector streets. service levels, that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate, o Logical extension of utilities such as and that the costs of providing public water and sewer. services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over ► Drainage facilities. the long term. • Residential lot configurations that will accommodate future resubdivision. 20 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 CDD2C. Evaluate public-service impacts as part of Therefore, the Plan seeks to promote community environmental review for proposed development that respects the existing natural terrain. development projects and require smiminum applicants to obtain "will-serve" letters GOAL from service providers prior to receiving ENSURE A PROPER BALANCE approval of a final subdivision map or, in BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AREAS the absence of the need for a final CDD3 AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. subdivision map, prior to receiving mmlimm approval of any required building permits. Policies to achieve this goal are to: CDD2D. Work with school districts in the Planning Area on a continuous basis to determine CDD3A. Prohibit development in natural appropriate sites for new schools; assist floodplains or on hillsides with slope areas Districts by reserving sites as a condition of exceeding 20 percent. Minor development approval in accordance with encroachments into these areas for new applicable State law. developments may be authorized without a General Plan amendment if necessary to CDD2E. Maintain adequate capacity for urban facilitate installation of infrastructure, growth by continuously monitoring and, provide emergency-access opportunities,or when required, increasing the capacity of otherwise facilitate construction of the the City's water, sewer, storm drainage, project as approved by the City. (See electric, and solid waste disposal systems. Policy NR10A.) Where an entire site designated for residential use is subject to CDD2F. Classify City-owned property in Southwest flooding or has slopes over 20 percent, a Oregon Gulch as "PF/I" to reserve it for a density of 1.0 dwelling unit per 20 acres future landfill site or other appropriate may be permitted by use permit subject to public use. appropriate standards. LAND FORM / NATURAL CDD3B. Require buffer areas between development ENVIRONMENT projects and significant watercourses, Natural features have strongly influenced the shape of riparian vegetation, and wetlands in growth and development in Redding. These features accordance with the Natural Resources include the Sacramento River, the river bluffs, the Element. floodplains,and the steeper hills and canyons. As early CDD3C. Preserve natural corridors and linkages as 1970, the City recognized that Redding's complex topography presented significant issues related to safety, between habitat types through project visual quality, and natural resources. That year, the design, key open-space acquisitions, City established a slope development policy which floodplain and slope dedications and denies density or development credits to areas of easements, conservation easements, and property containing slopes exceeding 20 percent and similar mechanisms. substantially limits the types of allowable development WATERWAYS in such areas. From this policy and subsequent floodplain regulations,a strong open-space network has Residents and visitors alike, have come to depend on emerged that many City residents have indicated is the recreational,scenic,environmental,and economic among Redding's most notable and desirable amenities. benefits of the Sacramento River. It is vital that the General Plan ensure that the manmade environment The General Plan continues to recognize the need to does not compromise the values inherent in the river consider topography and other natural features in and that future development complements its natural conjunction with development of the community. assets. Figure 1-2 shows those areas along the river Issues of safety, visual quality, and natural resources that are appropriate for passive uses as well as more have become even more significant since 1970. intense recreational, cultural, and commercial uses. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 21 11 (33-Y,,,p/>>ti\\\44.0r%___.‘\.. .i' 0 .\ i NTO qc 2 '••.� Ir IJ' OLD ALTURAS W EUREKA '1;a Q L ��{ J\ _ a �� �� „ ��`. DANA ��,���� , .: fir. in6 .----r----- LAKE .1....n��'` AL ' CYPRESS AA\RPAR , I7 6G HARTNELL ..... F'Lj. I 0 az D 1 = W Q �_ 0O W I U I O , j 1- _1 I �, Q 6Rp s1 SSR • gONN� RANCHO -0-5-:? \ 4% Y 37 W -A LAJ 111 CC U 1-- u-, cP Er z O = Cl EC GIRVAN 0 Q I CREE K gd ;:�-./� :� CLEAR �� ,, ,.� / • �.thh. 1,ani `aw MEADOWVIE 1111% WATER ORIENTATED COMMERCIAL Q • £) Q CMC AND CULTURAL CENTERSA� •• • C� BOAT RAMP ti •••• ,t-/2 "' GOLF COURSE 9�6q 60& •••• tib PARK �QJ S� &\....... . in ... 0 PUBLIC UTILITY FACIIJTY �j .4) "-- "FUTURE TRAILS oiomm EXISTING TRAILS PLAN AREA BOUNDARY D:\CP\SACAREAS Figure 1-2 Sacramento River Recreational,Cultural,And Commercial Areas N w E Community Development And Design Element 22 s October 3,2000 The following policies recognize the value of the river CDD4D. Establish public open-space and and its tributary streams to the vitality of Redding. pedestrian/bicycle links between the river miland parks, activity centers, schools, and other major open-space areas such as G 0 A L PROTECT AND ENHANCE THE stream corridors. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CITY AND THE SACRAMENTO RIVER. CDD4E. Give priority to the expansion of existing CDD4 vehicle bridges over the construction of iimmi additional bridges. If new bridges are constructed, they should be designed to Policies to achieve this goal are to: complement their surroundings and views of the structure from the river and trails. CDD4A. Preserve significant trees and other vegetation along the banks of the CDD4F. Design open-space accessways to Sacramento River, while emphasizing complement existing development and, passive recreation and providing where applicable, protect the privacy and opportunities for active uses. security of adjoining residences. CDD4B. Continue acquisition of key lands along the river and the other area waterways to G 0 A L ENSURE A PROPER RELATIONSHIP provide passive, nonmotorized public BETWEEN STREAM CORRIDORS AND access and to preserve important URBAN DEVELOPMENT. ecological values and sensitive habitats. CDD5 This may be accomplished by a combination of public and private land Policies to achieve this goal are to: purchases,donations,dedications,granting of public easements, the use of life estates, CDD5A. Establish appropriate development and similar mechanisms. standards along those stream corridors depicted in Figure 1-3 in order to: CDD4C. Continue to develop active and passive ' public-use facilities and trails along ► Promote the aesthetic value of the portions of the riverfront as generally adjacent natural area. depicted on Figure 1-2. Expand public-use areas and pedestrian and bicycle trails as ► Provide public views and access to the additional lands are made available, while stream corridor. limiting impacts to existing wildlife habitat and developed properties. ► Protect the privacy and security of adjacent residences. Two methods of providing public viev J ' ��4 and access to a ste ?� ,� .. "r (Policy` ►t1% , 44 _ .t'' r ,:i ll 7 7 ��li i I I i jam,. .0 IV ta► October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 23 SHASTA DAM cii f 2 `y ` P� to Q; Q O I --\ • mac., X 18 �e t y r op, i 1 la I 4. Opik,..N,:,.. %.1 ij : . '''.1% NI+...1 II e it" i CD C. 1 t%Ili, lck il , .. 1 iz. SHASTA `` SR 29 \Cs. '!-'DAM 2 ✓1 Z ` COMMUNITF �FS� _ /� = COLLEGE - •,r;�• f r4 O�UYER G� 1� 1 C c ‘,, i OG , urI COLLEGE N1EW0 • aRr�, �►I r _ a J B ON rr 7 Z- MIDDLE GREEK k\i.... a SA 299 w— eUREKA gi'q +fit* = OLD%. ALTURAS I orf:, :i �fr ... t ; l V1, ki SO' if la **119; -, % i le i *4&°' MINI ��� p1RPARK ( HAiE P SR 44 9 1 ter,44104/ ..,,,� e/ i t V 1 !_ Io ElLI i i - m ` " r _ gfiANS�E�ER ( O N.rJ\EW - AN H' I a`��,,. 5BN Y t - I.� Y CREEK > 1.1 fin` c '%EC, , 4•1110'' S i i V CO( z Cr' I n D a0 D GIRV- , < RAIDING t ` MUIII�CIPAL �� �� AIRFSRT CLEAR CREEK ♦top,,/".." V* •N'k , , t I ` 1r nr ClompCfleEK _ '` 1\ 14, DERSCH • .q e % I PLAN AREA BOUNDARY s9v a s D:\GP\FIG1-3 Figure 1-3 Primary Stream Corridors N w E Community Development And Design Element 24 s October 3,2000 iiiiimm PROVIDE FUNCTIONAL GOAL AND ATTRACTIVE _ — - STORMWATER , — i Vary side slopes to achieve a DETENTION/RETENTION Maintenanc .- more natural effec - CDD6 y r `.:.-4 y;,^,•• BASIN FACILITIES THAT cress � '�'rr.< 9 .;' mmoism= WILL ALSO ALLOW /- FA RECREATIONAL USES. / Emergency spillway Policies to achieve thisgoal are to: i =`'' Flat basin to accommodate :�r ", 1 various uses M li CDD6A. Limit the use of retention • "'.,.. 1 a■ r::.: basins to those circumstances \ d! "N ..`< j : . where detention facilities are . •� w-, .• r. t. • Riser '; .•a^' :• • not hydrologically feasible or � ''��• : :•�.! Low.4:2 ••��"` -- /. / (} 4117;:s-J-. Embankment where it can be determined ,I.._Landscaped buffer ;1; ;; `" that the proposed retention "`' "`' basin will be an asset to the ...-- Detention Basin Design Concepts development and community. maintained. Some degree of vegetation modification CDD6B. Where practicable, design basins with may be necessary for wildland fire management. minimal depths, natural shapes, and varying side slopes to accommodate limited mai recreational, open-space, and other uses. G O A L RETAIN THE NATURAL Provide landscape to enhance the visual APPEARANCE OF STEEP HILLSIDE appearance of the basin from adjacent AREAS AND DESIGNATED RIDGE development and public areas. CDD7 LINES. CDD6C. Design large detention basins to accommodate active recreational pursuits Policies to achieve this goal are to: such as softball, soccer, and other similar uses. CDD7A. Protect the visual integrity of prominent ridge lines that can be viewed from key HILLSIDES public gathering areas, the river, visitor destinations, and community gateways. Development, as a result of open-space policies These ridge areas are depicted on established in 1970, has established a well-defined Figure 1-4. Utilize one or more of the pattern of open space in and around the City. These following measures to avoid or minimize areas, generally floodplain (see "Waterways" above) development impacts: and steep hillsides,have remained largely undeveloped and thus provide an important network of ► Public or private purchase of lands, interconnected "greenways" throughout the the use of conservation easements, or community. Hillside areas also provide further relief similar measures. from urbanization and lend a natural feel to the community. In order to effectively minimize erosion ► Performance standards, including and the visual impacts which can result from excessive limitations on building heights and/or grading in steeper hillside areas, careful consideration increased ridge-line setbacks and should be given to the design and construction of standards for use of appropriate projects on sites containing average slopes of 8 percent building forms, colors, and materials or more. The following policies are designed to ensure that blend into their surroundings. that the visual and ecological integrity of areas containing steep slopes and important ridges is CDD7B. Establish hillside development standards to: (1) decrease allowable residential October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 25 ir HASTA DAM n $' o ~� W 4 O ti 4r i .r 0 OUART2 HkSHASTA '''''. 1:1) COMMUNITY E \C,F DAM 41.1844c0 Z COLLEGE SR 2g9 0 474 � i2 GO��VER 11 ,1,„:„�, COLLEGE VIEW_'a A \ � o fairr • SR 299 wr .pct* -, OLD ALT RAS 41111.111111111 Rif r°: ua MVO( 1 �S�. 0440 ii CYPRESS0G� Tb La\Anikimplikirl M SR 44G� •z 1 5 •IV zG'C� /�/ 0 Li ii 1 QJ 01061°1°1 I, ` �soorN` do '� RANCHO I 0 5 I ci • cc I dry,,' 'III MUNICIPAL AIRPORT CREEK • ,� I i � CLEAR ' t`. �` oD `' N. DERSCH ..__ _ ___ .... .... �� ,,, z PUN AREA BOUNDARY z ,r PROMINENT RIDGETOPS D:\GP\RIDGETOP Figure 1-4 Prominent Ridgetops N w E Community Development And Design Element 26 s October 3,2000 densities as the slope of a development site downtown development. It also addresses the increases; (2) limit site grading on steep importance of maintaining compatibility of adjacent slopes; (3) require use of multiple levels, land uses. A key element is to provide a flexible means where appropriate,so buildings are set into of achieving a balance between the natural and and step down the hill; and (4) minimize manmade environment and the costs associated with disturbance of native trees and other ensuring distinctive development. (Refer to vegetation outside the building, yard, and Community Design Plan, Figure 1-5.) driveway areas, while providing appropriate levels of wildland fire DEFINING THE COMMUNITY protection. Require revegetation of _ disturbed areas. GOAL PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF A "f4110' COHESIVE,WELL-DEFINED CITY. `'i��trwl �'l_�lll�.�.. A7 o CDD8 .I'AillIt'11' ' i Policies to achieve this goal are to: .�.,.= CDD8A. Maintain well-defined community edges Building set into and stepping using open-space buffers, greenbelts, down the slope agricultural lands, stream courses, clustered development, and other appropriate types of landscape and design CDD7C. Establish alternative road standards in features. hillside developments (split-level road configuration and reduced widths and CDD8B. Provide community"gateway"treatments, design speeds) to reduce grading required - including signage and landscape, for public improvements. particularly in locations depicted on 4 -4 Figure 1-5. Provide Downtown"gateway" •`"vSplit roadway section to treatments at appropriate locations. �` 'ound-off cut slope .— accommodate grade change . CDD8C. Link special community facilities, parks, li and other uses to and through the Yit,. Downtown by establishing clear, Roadway .,,,;.r... a >- convenient, and attractive pedestrian and Roadway "��'' vehicle connections. Split-level street configurations "A: are useful in steep terrain Niiim G 0 A L PRESERVE EXISTING COMMUNITY BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHARACTER AND FABRIC AND PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CDD9 LIVABLE AND COHESIVE Care must be taken to ensure that the manmadeiimm NEIGHBORHOODS AND DISTRICTS. environment complements the City's natural environment. Further,the various elements that make Policies to achieve this goal are to: up the manmade environment influence how the City looks and the image it presents, as well as how various CDD9A. Encourage the preservation and land uses interact with one another. This section rehabilitation of historically or addresses a variety of factors that influence the image architecturally significant districts, of the City from an urban perspective,including streets, buildings, and structures. building heights and setbacks, signs, utilities, and October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 27 • SHASTA DAM h Py7r0� 4 y / ti (....._, _M 4f9 0 Ai CS c' 0 /fr /\ ................................,... Or7 MILS m SHASTA COMMUNITY �`G,�, DAM 2 £ COLLEGE 5R 2g9 E fES /• Z i ��P M 4 co-LYER �� OL .9':.z. ��0 £ i Cp1yEGE NEW o Y •r: all y M 970 \ I Z 9 BENTON -4 C30 SC. it j�r OLD ALT RAS 7 S 299 K• EUREKA iiK �� _ ,►/ 'O Mr lirtr, : ' al ; e� �i k YPRES _ DEVELOP REGIONAL ii SPORTS COMPLEX f, ylG 1 il A ARTNELU �. .p' R A4 UPGRADE Ilp!IIl I aTIGER FIELD QBRAµs101131 Q./ RANCHO 4111. 40:44 ) 1 r 1ro / EEK1 - DOING CR0MUNICIPAL CLEAR I RPORT tV•.‘ 4ii 1- \ DERSCH PLAN AREA BOUNDARY '� CONSTRUCT COMMUNITY' vtAlcr OBTAIN LAND y� - /- GATEWAY GATEWAY SIGNS CONSTRUCT PARKS (�. 91, A PRESERVE RIDGETOP VIEWS 4 ENSURE CONSISTENCY OF VARIOUS s SPECIFIC/DESIGN/NEIGHBORHOOD PLANS SUPPORT CONSTRUCTION OF — LANDSCAPE EXISTING MEDIANS TURTLE BAY MUSEUMS AND ARBORETUM BY THE RIVER ■■-■ CONSTRUCT LANDSCAPE MEDIANS D:\GP\CODESPLN Figure 1-5 Community Design Plan N w E Community Development And Design Element 28 S October 3,2000 CDD9B. Establish standards for infill projects in buildings may be developed with stores on the bottom existing residential neighborhoods that floor and apartments in the upper stories. However, respect existing neighborhood scale and vehicle trips and auto dependency can also be reduced character. by allowing small commercial and service-oriented uses within or adjacent to other residential areas. The use CDD9C. Establish design standards for new of higher residential densities,particularly along major development that will create more livable transportation corridors,can substantially improve the and aesthetically pleasing neighborhoods. use and efficiency of transit systems. In addition, the Promote compatibility between land uses creation of linkages and pathways between by minimizing impacts to privacy, views, neighborhoods and other destination points can be and noise and from intrusion of used effectively to encourage the use of alternative nonneighborhood traffic. modes of transportation. More compact development patterns have also been found to reduce the costs CDD9D. Design projects to provide gradual associated with providing municipal services and transitions between multiple-family and facilities. single-family districts and between commercial and residential districts by The intent in Redding is not to restrict the opportunity considering appropriate techniques such for low-density development throughout the City, but as: to provide incentives for the development of more dense, mixed-use projects which can positively impact ► Density/intensity transitions. the City's transportation system. This approach, ► Landscape buffers/trails. together with some of the other concepts identified ► Building placement. above, will be used to limit sprawl and traffic problems ► Height transitions. which are so prevalent in other communities. PROMOTING COMPACT URBAN Additional benefits will include the preservation of FORM)TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES more open space and creation of a more livable community. The suburban development pattern typical in the PROVIDE FOR A PATTERN OF United States since World War II, has come under GOAL DEVELOPMENT THAT: much criticism in recent years for contributing to excessive dependency on the automobile. The land use ► ESTABLISHES DISTINCT patterns found in most suburban areas use large CDD 10 NEIGHBORHOODS , amounts of land, often at the expense of agricultural DISTRICTS, AND ACTIVITY land and natural habitat areas. Traditional suburban CENTERS. development patterns tend to encourage the use of the automobile by rigidly separating residential, ► LINKS OPEN-SPACE AREAS TO EACH employment, and shopping areas. At the same time, OTHER AND TO DEVELOPED AREAS the lower densities often make alternative modes of SUCH AS PARKS, SCHOOLS, transportation less feasible. It is also felt by many that RESIDENCES, AND COMMERCIAL suburban development patterns promote monotonous DEVELOPMENTS. developments with no social or cultural centers and few distinct neighborhoods or districts. ► PROMOTES MIXED - USE DEVELOPMENTS. More recent urban-design strategies attempt to correct these perceived deficiencies by promoting more ► PLACES EMPLOYMENT, SHOPPING, compact urban land use patterns. This approach ANI) OTHER ACTIVITY CENTERS IN focuses on locating residential, employment, and OR NEAR RESIDENTIAL shopping areas closer to one another. One method NEIGHBORHOODS. used to accomplish this involves provisions which allow mixed-use development patterns. This concept has ► ENCOURAGES WALKING,BICYCLING, historically been applied in downtown areas where AND TRANSIT USE. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 29 Policies to achieve this goal are to: and redevelopment of older projects when consistent with approved transit plans and CDD10A. Where topography, creeks, or other policies. Ensure safe and efficient access, natural features cannot be used,utilize the particularly for handicapped individuals. circulation system and the pedestrian and bicycle pathway systems as important CDD10E. Establish incentives for medium- to high- structural elements to define density, mixed-use developments, where neighborhoods and districts. appropriate, with emphasis on Downtown and in the "Mixed Use Neighborhood CDD 10B. Provide for development of residential uses Overlay" Districts. in conjunction with a mixture of local- serving retail and service uses at CDD1OF. Provide comprehensive transportation appropriate locations• facilities, including bicycle and pedestrian 1.A grid of connected streets links T . ,� neighborhoods to schools,parks, \ • shopping,and jobs. I.-I+ i i• . 2.Street network encourages ,,,�� I 0 `:� walking and bicycling. O .�_ r //i////// //////O3.Sidewalks and walkways provide ill-- �/i//// %71:1 ///// „.: safe and convenient access to all //// ©//// activities in the community. ///// //// //j/ S //// 4.Central area with a mix of 7.:, jjjj/ housing,commercial,and jobs ///// /////becomes an activity center and I //// ��/%transit hub. //// / 111111:::•:' iii //// 5.A small store is located in ' ' QT ////// multi-family area within / / ••///////// -� '• '.•' •' '• '. '.•'.•'.•'. '. ®'///////// walking distance from ,. f .��.� �//////// � single-family residential area. f••, .• .• .•••• / /// 6.Convenient bus service is �// possible to neighborhoods ••."•••••••'..•.'•••' • /// .. and community center / / �'•••. with direct pedestrian 1..'.•. '. //// //////////�•r,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,/,,, ////• / / ////////// // ///`1'•••'..••'•. ••//// ///////// ///// / ///, \ //////d //////////// ///// ,�IW� _ __ ////// :iii Retail/Commercial ommercial ❑ Single Family < ••' '...••'•. .: ////// r1,:-�,� .u1• `� �I. an al Open Space ////i �•T l illiall: '/////vn , • El::'riiiiiI, '�' ::: O•••• cess i` O al • _- ,,,..■.▪ /////// tir� r , • 1�__ :.:.:...:_:.1:.:_:.z litat r— Alin/ / ////• / (o ▪ /////////ice . • . i...', . _ / �/j.,• :y•. •.� t�..:a.;. . •: . . CDD1OC. Establish incentives for infill development and reuse of underutilized parcels in transit routes. Integrate pedestrian and bicycle corridors. routes into developments to provide alternative access to public and private CDD 10D. Incorporate public transit stops and bus parks and open space,transit stops,nearby shelters in the design of new development commercial developments, and schools. 30 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 CDD10G. By use permit, allow small neighborhood- structures, variations in building design, serving stores to be established in all garage placement, usable open space, districts where they will not unduly impact access,and the relationship to surrounding existing neighborhoods. uses. Site constraints may dictate that the maximum number of lots allowed by the RESIDENTIAL LAND USE GUIDELINES General Plan classification for a given parcel of land may not be realized. The density and location of residential land uses is key to effectively implementing the compact urban form CDD 1IC. When zoning single-family residential and transportation alternatives discussed in the areas within designated density ranges,use previous section. However, care must be given to density afforded by the previous General respect the current or desired character of existing Plan. Exceptions will be made where site neighborhoods. The introduction of uses, such as topography, access, availability of utilities, schools, churches, and day-care facilities, can provide and/or existing neighborhood character focal points in residential areas, but also has the indicate that development potential potential to create conflicts or adversely impact those should be either increased or reduced by uses immediately adjacent to them. Therefore, the zoning action. potential impacts of those facilities should be considered and mitigated to the fullest extent possible. CDD1 1D. Allow residential developments to include One of the community's desires is to have more livable a mix of residential densities and dwelling and distinctive neighborhoods which incorporate types, provided that the proposed quality design features and amenities. Strategies to development is in scale with the encourage this type of development focus on incentives neighborhood and that the total dwelling rather than regulatory mandates. unit count is consistent with the applicable General Plan density range depicted on The General Plan Diagram establishes density ranges the General Plan Diagram. within the various residential land use classifications. As a component of the implementation of this Plan,the CDD 11 E. Allow day-care facilities, churches, City will initiate rezonings of residential properties to residential care facilities for the elderly, apply parcel-specific densities within the assigned public and private schools, small grocery density range. Rezoning may also be initiated by stores and other neighborhood-serving individual property owners. uses,and other ancillary uses in residential neighborhoods, provided that they are 111111111111111 ENSURE THAT NEW located and designed to be compatible G 0 A L RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT with the neighborhood. IS WELL-LOCATED AND WELL- CDD 11 DESIGNED AND CAN CDD11F. Allow by use permit guest houses/second ACCOMMODATE A MIXTURE residential units in single-family residential OF HOUSING TYPES AND districts where appropriate. The principle USES. residence must be owner-occupied. Policies to achieve this goal are to: CDD11G. Prohibit the creation of flag lots in developed areas where these lots are not in CDDI IA. Maximum residential densities within a character with the neighborhood. given range are appropriate only for those projects that demonstrate superior design CDD 11 H. Locate multiple-family housing throughout features and amenities. the community, but especially near transportation corridors,Downtown,major CDD1 1B. Establish residential design standards that commercial areas, and neighborhood address natural features, visibility of commercial areas. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 31 NEIGHBORHOOD PRESERVATION AND Building maintenance. ENHANCEMENT ► Yard maintenance. ► Fencing. As part of its efforts to foster community pride and Maintenance of vacant properties. strengthen community identity, the City intends to Assistance programs under appropriate support measures that improve and maintain healthy circumstances. neighborhoods. Signs of a healthy neighborhood Vegetation management fuel- include clean streets, low crime rates, attractive reduction areas. buildings and yards, and active and responsible residents. While a city government cannot create such CDD12F. Establish priorities for infrastructure a neighborhood by itself,it can implement policies that improvements based in part on establish the framework necessary for neighborhoods to neighborhood needs. develop and improve. The policies listed below are intended to aid the efforts of citizens seeking to CDD12G. Enforce minimum housing standards for all enhance the quality of life in their neighborhoods and rental properties. to prevent blight. COMMERCIAL LAND USE GUIDELINES G 0 A L ENSURE THAT NEIGHBORHOODS One of the primary goals of the General Plan is to ARE ATTRACTIVE,SAFE,AND WELL create a balanced economic base to provide a full range MAINTAINED. of employment opportunities for Redding's residents. CDD 12 In order to meet this goal, an appropriate amount of commercial and industrial land needs to be designated in a variety of locations to attract and accommodate Policies to achieve this goal are to: the widest range of potential businesses. The industrial component is addressed in the Economic Development CDD12A. Promote and assist in the establishment of Element of this General Plan. neighborhood and homeowner associations that will provide a focal point and social Within the City's economic development strategy, a structure in neighborhoods. careful balance also needs to be maintained between attracting new businesses and protecting the economic CDD 12 B. Promote neighborhood involvement in the vitality of other parts of Redding, particularly the safety and maintenance of neighborhoods Downtown area. Significant effort and investment has by encouraging the following types of gone into and will continue to be put into revitalizing activities: the heart of the City. Therefore, it is essential that other land use decisions reinforce that objective. ▪ Volunteer services. ► Public parks and facilities renovations. In addition to providing employment opportunities and ► Neighborhood clean-up programs. tax revenues, commercial and industrial land uses can ▪ Neighborhood Watch programs. also have a significant impact on the appearance and image of a community. Careful planning is necessary to CDD12C. Continue selective neighborhood projects ensure that unsightly"strip"development patterns and such as the Community Oriented Policing visual clutter, such as can occur with inappropriate or Program. excessive signage, are not perpetuated. The incorporation of plazas and gathering places within CDD12D. Promote stronger neighborhood/school nonresidential development projects can be used to partnerships, including joint use of City provide additional opportunities for individuals to and school facilities. interact and foster a greater sense of community. The appearance of nonresidential development projects can CDD12E. Adopt a Property Maintenance Ordinance also be improved through implementation of basic or other appropriate mechanisms to design guidelines. All of these actions combined will address: contribute to the successful integration of commercial 32 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 and industrial land uses and the overall goal of ENCOURAGE PROJECT improving the attractiveness of the City. G 0 A L DEVELOPMENT WHICH IS COMPATIBLE WITH SURROUNDING DESIGNATE COMMERCIAL LANDS IN PROPERTIES AND WHICH IMPROVES G 0 A L APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS TO MEET CDD 14 THE IMAGE OF THE CITY. THE PRESENT AND FUTURE NEEDS miimimmem OF REDDING'S RESIDENTS AND CDD 13 VISITORS AND TO IMPROVE THE Policies to achieve this goal are to: CITY'S ECONOMIC VITALITY. CDD14A. Establish design and performance Policies to achieve this goal are to: standards for commercial development to ensure that building and site design are CDD 13A. Ensure that adequate commercial lands are compatible with their surroundings in identified on the General Plan Diagram to terms of scale, mass, building patterns, meet existing and projected market building details, location of parking, demand for local and regional commercial signage,and landscape and enhance views activity. Amendments to the Diagram will from major streets and other public areas. be considered only when there is a demonstrated need for additional CDD14B. Create an incentive program to encourage commercial land.Demonstrating only that proposed projects to provide site amenities, a particular location would be site design,and building design that clearly economically viable for an intended use exceed expected standards by providing: will not constitute sufficient grounds for a General Plan amendment. Unique project relationship to the surrounding community. CDD13B. To the extent feasible, direct regional- serving uses to existing centers prior to ► Strong, consistent design style developing a new regional center. Limit throughout the project. "Regional Commercial" land use to those locations so classified. Imaginative solutions to providing development features such as: CDD13C. Designate land for commercial uses in locations and configurations so as to • Signs. eliminate the potential for new "strip • commercial" development areas. Do not Parking lots. approve subdivisions along arterial streets • Screening and enclosing elements. that will lead to strip commercial development patterns. • Project lighting. CDD 13D. Require overall development plan approval • Public art. for all shopping centers,including regional centers, before allowing the development • Landscape and water features. of individual uses within the center. • On-site and off-site pedestrian CDD13E. Require regional centers to include a mix spaces and linkages. of uses such as recreation, specialty retail, restaurants, offices, and accommodations for transit services and public uses. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 33 CDD14C. Require the design of large commercial STRIKE A BALANCE BETWEEN projects, shopping centers, and regional- G 0 A L BUSINESS NEEDS TO IDENTIFY THEIR scale developments to incorporate plazas, LOCATION TO THE TRAVELING courtyards, and other outdoor gathering PUBLIC AND THE IMPACTS TO THE places and connections to adjacent CDD15 STREET SCENE THAT CAN RESULT residential neighborhoods. Inumi FROM EXCESS OR POORLY DESIGNED SIGNAGE. SIGNS Policy to achieve this goal is to: Signs play a vital role in identifying business locations for the traveling public. However, excess or poorly CDD15A. Ensure that the City's Sign Ordinance designed and placed signs can detract significantly from adequately addresses allowable sign area, placement,and design parameters Mixed use for signs. ii Legend i,1, ,Ilp,;l— .�� STREETS ii ii:. l0. . I ,i. tot $31 08 ili 1 vl �� ;;� �q The memories or impressions that • Restaurant M Grocery - ••,1aa. I I I I I I I I I one has of a city are often based 0:, _ `�, on what is viewed from inside a �u �,,. o� _ _ ;�0 i car. Because streets and their ,, 0�! l 3� I. immediate surroundings p k ran,___-�oo a_-_.__=_=_O • ctiiii „ „ C ;;;IIII;d'w=-Ae%•-•.IiiiG?s=l2=:2; =^w�•�v'ii_ s 1, I, streetscapes ) are important to L I Oh- 'a di ,0'e ��- tili = Drugstore Retail S+t: O e ?�` Bus top _ '' :::� " visitor and resident,it is important C,� a t a _ �1 "" to recognize their value beyond ,v., 0 _I Retail I r ®` .. a just transportation and vehicle r n - - - - .4' P .e _ „w,o uwu� O M S :; ::_::_.:_:-::-::_::; .._.Ill lu:=ummuwWmuni�=_ l'i- -• 11111111. i ? :•...,.,.e { t<'i�:,� °i ;z so "'' ....I....A. safety. Streets shape the #1 I! Retail ® yd'O'•' t s= community in profound ways and :'-: j� ii i .;,rte...; .i:. triewitopoiI� ,,,,,,, create vital links among �••• •,-mi.- _ :: _'"1uiiin :..._._.... - . neighborhoods and between Collector street commercial and other Residential nonresidential areas. The pattern I. A wide,safe walkway and pedestrian plaza in front of stores. of streets in a city, their width and 2. Driveways located away from fronts of stores to minimize conflicts between pedestrians and cars. design elements—like sidewalks, 3. Safe internal pedestrian access and circulation with connections to surrounding properties. 4. Canopies in front of stores offer weather protection to the patrons. curbs, and landscape—are an Illustration courtesy of the Snohomish County Transportation Authority,1993. integral part of creating an attractive and desirable the community. Expensive,well-designed signs can be community. rendered useless if there is too much visual clutter that drowns out the functionality of individual signs or if the Arterial/Collector Streets sign next door blocks the view of the sign. Typically, Arterial streets should be constructed with sufficient the cure has been to install larger more powerful signs visual amenities to improve the experience of both to compete with the motorists eye. The end results are sign clutter; loss of community; wasted advertising vehicle passengers and pedestrians. Generally, this requires the use of landscape to break up and soften the effort; and, of course, greater cost for businesses. street scene by utilizing landscaped medians and sidewalks surrounded by appropriate landscape and an established tree canopy. 34 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 inum known as "residential collectors"), while wider, should GOAL IMPROVE THE VISUAL not have excessive width; visual interest for both Al IRACTIVENESS OF THE CITY'S vehicle passengers and pedestrians can be enhanced ARTERIAL AND COLLECTOR through the use of detached sidewalks (or"parkways"). CDD 16 STREETS; IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN Parkways should be of sufficient width to allow tree- Nommi SAFETY. planting as well as utility trenches if required. The width of a street's paving often correlates with how Policies to achieve this goal are to: fast a driver will feel safe to drive. Streets that are unnecessarily wide tend to encourage faster travel. CDD16A. Determine priorities and establish a Since slower traffic is desirable in residential areas, program to retrofit existing arterial streets allowing narrower street widths and/or installing to include median and street-side appropriate "traffic-calming" mechanisms can help landscape. accomplish that goal. G 0 A L PROVIDE RESIDENTIAL STREETS THAT ARE DESIGNED TO REDUCE l VEHICLE SPEED,THAT ENCOURAGE 9____4=e1,_ CDD 17 PEDESTRIAN USE, AND THAT ARE AESTHETICALLY PLEASING. Before Policies to achieve this goal are to: "NI r CDD17A. Allow a variety of street widths and designs to be incorporated into new residential developments based on the After function of the various streets. Pavement Adding landscape can enhance the attractiveness of streets. width should generally be limited to the minimum necessary to adequately meet circulation demands and emergency- vehicle access. CDD16B. Provide sufficient right-of-way for sidewalks and street-side and median CDD17B. Encourage new neighborhoods to landscape and necessary utilities along new incorporate detached sidewalks and to arterials and new collector streets. Install establish landscaped "parkways" between such improvements with the construction the curb and sidewalk. Continuous and of the street where appropriate. consistent tree-planting to form canopy closure is encouraged. CDD16C. Utilize street tree-planting as a unifying visual element along the streets; establish a street tree-planting and maintenance GOAL REDUCE THE VISUAL IMPACT OF program. UTILITIES AND COMMUNICATION FACILITIES. Residential Streets CDD 18 Residential streets offer their own unique set of challenges to enhance their visual quality. There Policies to achieve this goal are to: should be variety in the streets, both in width and design. Short streets with low traffic volumes should be CDD 18A. Place new electric distribution lines relatively narrow, perhaps with parking restricted to underground in new development. one side only. Higher-level residential streets (also October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 35 momil CDD18B. Place existing overhead distribution lines underground upon development of the G 0 A L HAVE BUILDING SETBACKS AND abutting property where feasible. HEIGHTS REFLECT THE ROLE AND CHARACTER OF THE VARIOUS CDD18C. Establish a mechanism to systematically CDD19 DISTRICTS OF THE CITY. underground distribution lines in existing neighborhoods and commercial areas as funding sources are identified. Policies to achieve this goal are to: CDD18D. Establish standards for communication CDD19A. Establish appropriate standards for towers and equipment to promote the use buildings,massing,height,and setbacks for of screening or other techniques to reduce residential and commercial developments visual impacts. on arterial and collector streets that will define and reinforce the character of CDD18E. Design and locate pump stations, electric development districts in the city. substations, backflow prevention devices, traffic signal controllers, electric boxes, ENLIVEN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN BY and similar utility facilities so as to G 0 A L PROMOTING EXCELLENCE INPUBLIC minimize noise and visual impacts to the ART AS A MEANS OF community. TRANSFORMING PUBLIC SPACES, CDD20 PROVIDING CONTEXT AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND RELEVANCE, AND CONTRIBUTING STREETS TO COMMUNITY INTEREST AND PRIDE. The height of buildings and the distance that they are set back from the street play important roles in the Policy to achieve this goal is to: overall character of a community. For instance, the presence of tall buildings can draw attention to certain CDD20A. Utilize public art to create identifiable districts in the City as viewed from major districts, places, and special locations in thoroughfares. Buildings constructed close to the street the public domain. can contribute to establishing an urban feel in Downtown or,with greater setbacks,a suburban feel to ► Encouraging the integration of art into areas outside of Downtown. For Redding, taller the architecture of municipal buildings with minimal setbacks should be encouraged structures,facilities,parks,open space, Downtown to distinguish it from other commercial and other public areas. districts and to help provide an urban "heart" for the City. Major thoroughfares will generally have larger Involving artists and specialized design setbacks; the buildings shorter in stature. Minimal professionals in the design, setbacks may also be appropriate for new mixed use implementation,and integration of art districts that are contemplated by this Plan. in public projects. 36 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 ADMINISTRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION General Plan Diagram as divided into two or more land use classifications based on The General Plan Diagram identifies the general policies of the General Plan. Such actions distribution of various land use classifications will not constitute a General Plan throughout the Planning Area. Because of the scale,it amendment. may be difficult to determine the precise location of boundaries between map land use classifications and/or Routine review of the General Plan is critical if the City the actual extent of hazard areas associated with steep is to ensure that the Plan continues to be consistent slopes or flooding. In some instances, more than one with community values, social and economic trends, land use classification may be applied to a single parcel and changing technology. Further, routine review of of land, requiring that the appropriate mix of uses and the Plan can identify how well the City implements the allowable density be determined on an individual basis. policies of the Plan. The following policy addresses In order to streamline minor interpretations of the review of the General Plan. General Plan Diagram and reduce the need for General mams Plan amendments in such circumstances, the City of Redding has established the following policies for land GOAL PROVIDE FOR THE ONGOING use administration procedures. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CDD22 GENERAL PLAN. GOAL ENSURE PROPER AND EFFICIENT ADMINISTRATION OF THE GENERAL Policies to achieve this goal are to: CDD21 PLAN DIAGRAM. CDD22A. The Planning Commission shall review the General Plan annually,focusing principally Policies to achieve this goal are to: on actions undertaken in the previous year to carry out the implementation programs CDD21A. Permit the Board of Administrative of the Plan. The Planning Commission's Review and/or Planning Commission to report to the City Council shall include,as reconcile land use classification boundaries the Commission deems appropriate, to coincide with legal parcel boundaries recommendations for amendments to the and actual flood and slope areas provided General Plan. This review shall also be that land use compatibility is maintained, used to satisfy the requirements of Public that the integrity of each land use district Resources Code 21081.6 for a mitigating is maintained, and that there will be no monitoring program. adverse impacts of such boundary adjustment. Such actions will not CDD22B. Conduct a major review of the General constitute a General Plan amendment. Plan every five years and revise it as deemed necessary. CDD21B. Allow the Planning Commission to determine the appropriate mix and density of development on parcels shown on the October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 37 resurrecting Downtown as the social, governmental, and cultural center of the community. FOCUS AREAS To capitalize on the potential afforded by the Downtown, new development in that area should assume a different character than new development in the rest of the community. Downtown Redding should The General Plan Diagram is limited in its ability to be a place for pedestrians first and automobiles second. provide detailed guidance on development at a It should also present a more urban character than the neighborhood level. Likewise,broad,citywide policies rest of the City. Instead of setting buildings far back often cannot adequately convey how the General Plan from the street, they should be close to the street. envisions certain smaller areas of the City to develop. Instead of buildings being far apart, they should be Whether these areas are entire neighborhoods or are close together and continuous. Ground-floor uses limited to a few blocks or parcels, this section of the should be active, including retail, restaurants, and Land Use Element serves to fine-tune the General Plan entertainment. Diagram and policies relating to various portions of the Planning Area. The areas described below have their The most intense and tallest buildings in the City own unique development constraints and should be located in the Downtown core. Buildings opportunities. For purposes of this Plan,these areas are should have several doors for people to enter shops and referred to as "focus areas." businesses instead of a few doors with large expanses of blank walls. The ground floors of buildings should have Each of the identified focus areas is discussed separately clear windows so that inside activity is visible to people in this section. It shows how the existing character of on the street, rather than mirrored glass or opaque each area has been influenced by previous development walls. Building designs should allow for display and how new development can be channeled to resolve windows and other areas of interest to encourage existing problems or capitalize on opportunities. City pedestrians to walk around and shop. policies that direct future development and capital improvements in each area are presented where Because of the desire to establish a strong pedestrian appropriate. Policies discussed within the text of each orientation in Downtown,buildings should be designed focus area are illustrated by accompanying diagrams. so that people are protected from the weather by using overhangs, shade structures, and canopy trees. SPECIFIC FOCUS AREAS Buildings should be designed to encourage midblock pedestrian circulation by utilizing and improving DOWNTOWN FOCUS AREA existing alleyways. The Downtown area includes Redding's original town To create the desired pedestrian atmosphere,on-street site, which was platted in 1872. The early vitality of parking will be retained Downtown. Only limited the town was spurred by railroad activity as well as amounts of parking should be located on individual copper and gold mines located north of town. lots. Most parking will be clustered in common lots or Downtown still contains a number of early century structures. When parking structures are developed, buildings, while the oldest neighborhoods in the City they should include retail frontages on the ground floor. are located nearby. Construction of the Downtown Parking garages without retail frontage have the same Mall in 1973 significantly changed the face and impact as large blank walls—neither presents a vehicular circulation patterns of the Downtown core. pedestrian orientation. Retail activity Downtown began to falter with the The Downtown focus area includes provisions intended construction of Interstate 5, which bypassed the to: (1) encourage redevelopment in the area to Downtown business district. As new retail businesses establish Downtown as the office, entertainment, located(and existing businesses relocated)near freeway government,and cultural center of the City; (2)ensure interchanges, Downtown retail activity began to give that ample land is available Downtown for multiple- way to more and more office uses. Over the past family development;and (3)establish Downtown as an several years, a very strong interest has developed in active, pedestrian-oriented district. 38 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Downtown Focus Area Development Guidelines d. Facilitate redevelopment of the Union Pacific property into a unified, mixed-use D1. Prepare, adopt, and implement a Downtown and/or cultural/entertainment complex Specific Plan. Until such time as the plan is which features ample public amenities and adopted, utilize the following general guidelines attractive streetscapes. for reviewing development proposals: e. Allow development of high-density a. Encourage office building developers to residential projects up to 50 units per acre. provide space for retail businesses to locate in the ground floors of buildings located in f. Promote development of upper-scale the commercial areas of the Downtown garden apartments north and east of the core. Pine Street School;recognize the potential of the school to be the hub of b. Allow development of mid-rise buildings in neighborhood activity. the central portion of the Downtown area up to 8 stories in height. g. Allow outdoor uses such as restaurant seating, flower sales, and similar activities c. Develop Downtown entry features at on private property and, where strategic locations. appropriate, on public property. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 39 / _ r__H„,. i?(,/,( 7/0• ___ ______7 c,siz,„ .„,w ,. :4" Encourage garden apartment allikbr-- INI--- ibi. TRAVELLED wAr or similar development; ------ preserve Pine Street School / r Aftwi SACRAMENTO RIVER IIILI - �,�,moi% %' ;\ RIVER .M9: / e /� 1111 '�y olsr'%;.• % '� Encourage high density Nf. ♦♦Two,m,„A PINE residential uses and *♦�♦ STREET /' \01% retail/office ,�•� S�Hoo� � midrise ;I_ o w^� ♦���� buildings in core area •, #04p,,, '''‘,1N\3, \...y.-) tit .0 akoik....11 vs 4 . 4 A lir . OS 1%\6\0 • ' S>, A .. RA 't1\O .4 1 ', ',' '' ' ,/"- ' 1.41 " e ' 4 " 0'0 AP,,.-_'e •-lt SI°4WI I P PW 04 •01,-- , ins,vA .--,. - _„1-, ,,,;-„,, .0% sss ., -E. . i 10 „mil .0 0$•„,_--, „„i• 'c3, \ '1/iZ/, �i '-,1.ice is, oil, \op �, '% ' /� // �%� /i , R!�j ♦mss Union Pacific �B� i, �,�/.P �i �� �� 00 ►�•1 Y� o ♦ -- svNES` .. property O �� /.% / ♦ N � „,,,,,,„••,,,,,_•/„. �Sz •� � �,-% � i•-•� „orgy, � _0,111 i• • '� �4 :% i'- sooty wit �� I//�• s, e Construct ,, :� �� Kik \� % 4 r 1 grade separated '�S % '�� . .•♦ �s% 0Sii” litj�/II/j � ��II�j jai •\rail crossing N ���� r �� �� //�j ��//// IIII s �♦ ��% ur...�' •♦v 00. .v ��j Int. I/j/� //// / ong st go 0 t•-•.1.1:::::.1 ir\-161 ;elk oa a /hi, • . ss•� • • • :'o 0 %%Wow /w .• + i w �/sig./, /I/j/� Bili ostAL ak_ Sat&oak 0 *4- oil nr N /^J#, 44, silky 411, 4111II� . 1♦diii .lit ``• le :a1• •• Weitk /ViV.r I I I 01"a I 111 II bi i la la"a IA i t lail 1 1%..4-AZ: Z :11.1Palk Z74 Li Ss 14 v_4'' Abh i i Figure 1-6 Downtown Focus Area N W E Community Development And Design Element 40 S October 3,2000 NORTH MARKET STREET North Market Street Development Guidelines At one time the principal visitor-serving area in NM 1. Prepare a comprehensive design plan for Redding,this portion of Old Highway 99 was known as the corridor that incorporates landscape the"Miracle Mile." With the construction of Interstate features,building design,and architectural 5 in the 1970s, through traffic was diverted away from materials. this area, while visitor services were provided at more convenient freeway interchange locations. While the NM2. Establish incentives for visitor-serving uses Miracle Mile has languished over the years,it is poised such as hotels, motels, restaurants, and once again to be a prime location for visitor services. small retail shops and limitations on new The impetus for this revival will be the construction of automobile-related uses. the Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum by the River complex, linked by a world-class pedestrian bridge. NM3. Establish locational criteria for residential The City's riverfront regional park—Lake uses that favor locations outside the North Redding/Caldwell Park—is also adjacent to the Miracle Market Street corridor. Discourage Mile corridor. From this location near the Sacramento residential uses in the North Market Street River, visitors will be able to walk a short distance to corridor area. these major attractions, making it a very convenient location to enjoy these first-class facilities. NM4. In cooperation with Caltrans, modify the existing street section to provide median In order to fully realize the potential, both land uses and street-side landscape improvements; and development design must be given careful work with property owners to provide consideration. Uses should include lodging, landscaping along the street frontages restaurants, and small tourist-serving shops. where feasible; develop a unified plan for Automobile-oriented uses, other than gas stations, landscape improvements. should be discouraged. New development should be NM5. Establish a pedestrian trail along Sulphur unique, well-designed, and should incorporate substantial landscape. The streetscape should be Creek,upstream of Market Street;explore softened by landscaped medians and street-side a pedestrian crossing of North Market planting. Signage should be understated. Street. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 41 VIL*- et',•• .%i `', , % 4lii0 440 K--_, .,„,,,.. Establish J //•, multi-use trail ,N _ `,''�,,, Construct pedestrian! •ni�ni ni,„„„ru crossing of �'"•.,,, North Market Street Ill \ is t .0 or Ill! !! H\J m� .m� e 0 1 Prepare , tomf _ .., 46 41, comprehensive / MIS ,lib • a ��mmm design plan `� /rfor corridorr__Ity dm�p 11� - �,111 L Undergrounda ! IfflII!!!III,4I ""tvIr///IIu.'!■!:;-"-- e ��•overhadw utilities ',��:o����������� ���`��,� , .r�,`.�, _ `� Modify street \Nue*IN) ������ -*• width to ` ` �� •. •,,4,0 ccc.c+a0mEc. provide ,Ammit**41711P4"7111 �. landscape ',,//S`<ph 4R `�//a,/cRFFh'RfVpR IRAI Iy //moi Oft4 SACRAMENTO RIVER \ __._ .....,,--------'L.____. .1-.. , \\Wo v�% Construct vehicle Ar.Vaa'•qt_a0, ___ \--Vbridge D:\GP\NMKTFOCUS Figure 1-7 North Market Street Focus Area N w E Community Development And DcljoiAlsyNnt 42 S PARK MARINA FOCUS AREA Park Marina Area Development Guidelines The Park Marina area is one of the most visible PM 1. Ensure that development within the Park Marina waterfront areas within the community. Its proximity area is designed to maximize the unique to Downtown and Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum opportunities created by its riverfront location by the River makes the Park Marina area a perfect and complement development activities within location for water-oriented businesses and tourist or the Downtown and Turtle Bay Museums and recreation-related facilities. Because of the unique Arboretum by the River. nature of this area and the importance its development will have on the community,a specific plan—known as PM2. Ensure that development in the Park Marina the Redding Riverfront Specific Plan—was prepared area is designed to retain and integrate natural and adopted for the 500-acre area in 1990. To ensure features associated with the riverfront to the that future development in the Park Marina area is fullest extent possible. consistent with other recent community-enhancement and revitalization activities occurring in the vicinity, PM3. Evaluate the Redding Riverfront Specific Plan, the community should reevaluate the existing Redding including plan area boundaries and amend it if Riverfront Specific Plan and modify it as appropriate to necessary to ensure that development within the complement the development theme being created in Park Marina area complements the Downtown surrounding areas. Specific Plan, the Civic Center, and planned development activities at Turtle Bay Museums and Arboretum by the River. The residential densities and commercial intensities contained in the Redding Riverfront Specific Plan will not be reduced. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 43 } w \N L w � 11N11'1 - . • s. :1111 1. tI1B'i e uuusl " W r SACRAMENTO RIVER 1 ***A-i .Q- Mil - .. ‘ ,..."---- Ail .W- %"\, ...4 I �r *Evaluate existing specific pla I� 4, i IV ' ...•44, IMI# ' k4,61,1*•,-i • I A ../iii ! �'�,� •kfit AI _' STggii, ATE HWY 299 W TAO "% %*10 611111111.m.• I-- IWII%011•111 iliol.‘ lip 1 +<�: SEQUOI , 0��,• scHoo �,,,��I� °�ss 0 �•i ;!���i� RIVERFRONT SPECIFIC PLAN oil itiv vrik 0, ,t,.. ...if 1.7 aka 4#• 1 / Vi 6 AAA %S*II k Ificzal.- • ,7 /!ii �i// I.�i, ,. . Retain and inte rat ...07:5• iii II r/&it�. //� ///4i=is �ii***?...1i-; i: .-4-411; natural features " ,4/.44, // 4/.. . .i.„.. ,....., ,. ,,,- -,.1 -. ....„. g ,,,..„,„ . ,., i, *., i - A Ili Oil rp-;1/4.) 'r:1111b 1 71. �� e:114:1=7 ,,RFSS 111. � � Ij 0 � '7.;,_ r 41%,,ekdim 4( OW.= mini Wii •• IQz12). ii,v/ !, . i , Nor -Woe Wilignm LI - me lap4 4., 0- mar , VP -... 11 i '-. Illitr0IN alai ---- . .= j7Y* 4 • • • el r CAD .. `�a•1. �PKRMARFOG�IS % `•` iP; I 1 Figure 1-8 Park Marina Focus Area(Redding Riverfront Specific Plan) N w E Community Development And Design Element s 44 October 3,2000 MAGNOLIA NEIGHBORHOOD FOCUS AREA depicts the entire Neighborhood as single-family, notwithstanding the existing multiple-family uses. The The Magnolia Neighborhood is among the oldest following policies recognize existing multiple-family neighborhoods in Redding. The neighborhood is uses and much of the multiple-family zoning where it replete with examples of turn-of-the-century to post- currently exists in the neighborhood, but restrict the World War II era architecture, including California manner in which those units can be reconstructed in Bungalow, Craftsman style, Prairie style, and the event of severe damage or destruction. The intent Mediterranean Revival, among others. In response to is to ensure that any new multiple-family construction declining housing stock and the establishment of high- in the neighborhood is compatible with the area to the density land uses that were clearly incompatible with maximum extent feasible. the neighborhood, the City adopted the "Magnolia Neighborhood Plan" in 1976. This plan reduced Magnolia Neighborhood Focus Area Development allowable residential densities to prevent the Policies construction of additional high-density apartment projects,while establishing a moderate,multiple-family MN 1. Conserve and enhance the Magnolia residential density throughout the neighborhood. This Neighborhood, as depicted on the Focus Area strategy has met with some success, but has also Diagram, as a"Single Family Residential" area. generated some concerns. On the positive side, the construction of additional three- to four-story MN2. Maintain "Multiple Family" zoning only for apartment complexes was halted. However, smaller existing apartment complexes. Rezone areas multiple-family units have been constructed at that are predominately "Single Family" to a numerous locations in the neighborhood, having a single-family mixed district that accommodates negative impact on the original housing stock in their existing and new uses such as multiple single- immediate vicinity. This is to say that the emergence family dwellings on a lot, guesthouses, and of apartments in the neighborhood acted as a second units. disincentive for residents to make investments in upgrading existing homes due to the uncertainty of MN3. Establish standards for alterations or reconstruction of existing multiple-family what may be constructed nearby. structures to ensure neighborhood compatibility It is the policy of this Plan to recognize and preserve with respect to character, height, mass, form, the single-family housing stock in the Magnolia setbacks, and materials. Neighborhood. To that end,the General Plan Diagram October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 45 / .`;•‘`%, % 'k' 00 ollic3:. I s, 'N SHASTA 6p�' �'I. 4,,` HIGH SCH 00 '[��,;�'';,/, : r FOOTHILL ii W . ' . � �• f HIGH SCHOOL �' ,,AL ,�' II • �• ''�•�, % 'I 11111 EUREKA WA ii, imrs,mo + ' a -iiit 00 soi\O 14ft 0°4°4 i. ... • .,, ,,,,, •AS t * , Afr 0 ....r0T 0** * •• -,0 .0 6 00 v •O. • .0 ‘.• va fo• tf„.:•-100 00.10 011116 ' w lo11*s A0, ' *c8°0 0• 0•. . .0•.• ♦ .11110.ig . . fik 0 AA* 30 Isi-r 0 °. jli % 11111 • 00"••• *OS 0.1,4 *0 ra 0 / to:4 4 . :._. . 00e,-. % .14,.,... ,,,,,•_1.,‘,0,. 6.0-_,14 1„,, ,u, , 11 ... , -7,,,,:'..70.....73.,........ 7-111v*:. ,, ,, -,, 0 „,,s • ....,,.. . ,t, icsao oli ;Pr 0 Imp alk_... rosir.,-- no, iv /010,„ 'SI Ti 0 ftilOttl- "U. 10 0 -10. 0 1 ,.-• I •• 0 a •I *. A 50114.411 •li •� 0 ow- 0 lilligins StotAo 0. 7%' T.. ''.;,' SCHOOL ‘101.1 Pi -01-11110111POimip---,t-to wp w. lop• ipp, *0 ei /3 -, OW 10. IT/ ift, * S 0.1 0° W t 0 73 0 SO s wilt -m $ n 1 0,0 ri• BENTON AIRP• - aiII1lal-••1 ' ,,,llprIN _ ,`'p*iiIk Isoil: illi 4 111: 111.41010Mik ow 0 all . IVIla Vcii. , N i 1 e 41 liell 1116- Rezone blocks or areas that are Establish a single family • .;.II�t�. u predominantly single family to general plan classification -';A� Ow- "R-l" throughout the neighborhood /��'I� ,� . Do not expand multiple- family zoning or increase residential density C:\DU4\MAGF000S Figure 1-9 Magnolia Neighborhood Focus Area N w E Community Development And Design Element s 46 October 3,2000 STILLWATER CREEK/OLD OREGON TRAIL increases to the Stillwater Sewer Treatment Plant as FOCUS AREA integral components of the City's growth strategy. The Stillwater Creek corridor is rural in nature, its Stillwater Creek Focus Area Development main urban feature being Shasta Community College. Guidelines The development pattern typical of the area ranges from rural residential lots (3 to 5 acres) in the vicinity SC1. Consider annexation and urban development of Whispering Oaks Subdivision to much larger hobby when land availability for single-family uses farms and agricultural businesses both north and south elsewhere in the Planning Area declines in of the Community College. Prime agricultural soils can accordance with the policies of this Plan. be found at various locations throughout the corridor. Its rural nature provides a natural edge between SC2. Work with Shasta County to identify those Redding's urban area to the west and the more rural parcels with the greatest likelihood of lands to the east and provides a reserve of lands that accommodating future urbanization. Jointly will become critical for future urbanization. develop a strategy that will facilitate such Although the Planning Area and Sphere of Influence development. for Redding extends east of Stillwater Creek, the General Plan envisions that the area will remain rural SC3. Maintain the rural feel along the Old Oregon over the next ten years or so. The General Plan Trail corridor between Old Alturas Road and Diagram establishes parcel sizes greater than five acres State Route 299E. over much of the area, recognizing that the already SC4. Provide opportunities for the establishment of fragmented ownership pattern will discourage urbanization. As the available land supply for housing commercial services and a mix of housing types in the Planning Area becomes more scarce over the near Shasta Community College. next decade, there will be pressure to urbanize the SC5. Encourage the relocation of the existing larger, currently undeveloped parcels within the Stillwater Creek Focus Area. Construction of the automobile dismantling business along Collyer Stillwater sewer trunk line or pumping into the Chum Drive to an appropriate industrial district. Creek watershed will provide ample capacity to serve SC6. Incorporate Class 1 and 2 bike routes into project this area with sanitary sewer, opening the area to and street designs to facilitate nonmotorized urbanization. The City's Master Sewer Plan includes access to the Community College. the Stillwater trunk line and necessary capacity October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 47 SHASTA DAM 2 e� h 0 to R. =Upgrade bike path system o °ti cw ti A - Establish retail services and /, °��� multiple family opportunities ►, - , near community college "'� Establish trail connections SHAST`,,, to community college 4 --- couuuwm = 29' Wz COU-EGE SR G°L`YE ."3;'...-- Relocate auto dismantling yard ill 1,a MO �� - ° o 0 A % .i z�`� , ss) '' / Develop regional �w I 1 OLD A TURAS I 0)iil ��;= agial \ 1 sports and recreation complex • Igileilrilat . g1` 1 ' - SR as J IL., �� ., - W ■W , U U o5 i1 I _ ‘10 s :. Establish trail connections N with Stillwater Creek LIJ ' tom � /.� 1 6°N Y • H. I 5 W U Z -. C Establish multiple use trails GIRVAN j = a i' • along• Stillwater Creek 'eSt‘, 11 I Pi \-\:r. 1' .44. MEADO i,► BEDDING <L D �� 1�f� MUNICIPAL `4 3 00 AIRPORT v, m 1 �p q syr `�� O Fas c 9 DERSCH p s� `mss D `' ��1 D:\CP\ST1LLFOCUS Figure 1-10 Stillwater Creek Focus Area N w E Community Development And Design Element S October 3,2000 CLOVER CREEK FOCUS AREA had the practical effect of reducing the floodplain to a significant degree, thereby affording properties with The seven-square-mile Clover Creek drainage basin is increased development potential. Assessments were one of the more unique in the Planning Area. It is established based on that increased potential. The home to the majority of"special status"species of plants existence of vernal pools and wetlands adds to the and invertebrates to be found in the area, including challenge of development, often requiring expensive State and/or Federally listed (threatened or mitigation measures and/or preservation of additional endangered) slender orcutt grass and the vernal pool lands. tadpole and fairy shrimps. These species reside in the many vernal pools and vernal pool complexes found Times have changed since development of the basin throughout the basin. Very little riparian vegetation is was initially planned. Channelization is no longer seen associated with the creek;however,"wet meadow"type as a viable option for the Creek from an environmental wetlands are numerous. standpoint. The challenge is to find an acceptable balance between: (1) the development rights accruing The floodplain of Clover Creek is very wide, although to those paying sewer assessments, (2) reducing or the velocity and depth of flooding is minimal. It is eliminating flooding that presently occurs to existing estimated that as many as 100 structures are affected by structures, and (3) the policies of this Plan which the creek's floodplain during a 100-year event,some of restrict floodplain development and which seek to which experience some flooding problems during preserve, where possible, sensitive habitats. The storms of a lesser intensity. following policies provide options for striking that needed balance. In 1987, much of the basin was placed within the Clover Creek Sewer Assessment District. This district Clover Creek Focus Area Development Guidelines facilitated the construction of a trunk sewer line which was needed to open up the area for more intensive CC1. Construct a regional stormwater detention/ industrial, commercial, and residential development. retention facility on Clover Creek that will serve Prior to construction of that line, septic systems were to minimize or eliminate flood hazards and allow the only available means of sewage disposal, which development in accord with this Plan. severely restricted the basin's development potential. Given the proximity to the Redding Municipal Airport CC2. Minimize the use of channelization to contain and the abundance of industrially zoned land, the area flood flows with new development, except those was a logical choice for increasing commercial intended exclusively to facilitate industrial uses. intensities and residential densities. CC3. Establish a continuous trail system from Hartnell A combination of the basin's wide floodplain, vernal Avenue to Clover Creek's confluence with the pools,wetlands,and the sewer assessment district have Sacramento River and require subdivisions to complicated the development process in the basin to an provide adequate access to the Creek corridor extent not foreseen when the District was formed. where appropriate. Sewer assessments were established based on "channelization" of Clover Creek. This would have October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 49 T.!. l l` x •17 '1 .... .,;‘,,;.;:?....L;,....: iiio ;Ir _i Pil \� _l_ �:� 1 F-r=nnnmll SEM 11.11:4 , 14 -- �1i �a�`-�fi.;1' TIM pipit:II wi�luldfuT� -.`7�� 1111=1= Emir e� Construct regional stormwater el Mini !IN•E= _:: .. 1 NE detention / retention basins wiT -_._-Ell_..e:iiiiIMMILlidinfii.== .� �'-t"""""" = Develophabitat conservation plan __ � liiI LI :Al:,,,,.... MUM a'' __ •U> � -•-•=� or similar plan for protection IN �,€ -•lilr, Eag �;�•-_- of vernal pools • :. 0 I. _.1 _1u p ' Encourage "cluster" residential -=CLOVER CREEK ti mmil AN development where appropriate —AIM II IIII21:m111.11111 ! IbuiMinimize use of channels =mom ;• NI Iiir, , for flood control • ma . t ill....11062Provide multiple use trail .i:!!1 � .011 , I. along Clover Creek %L:I.ti.:-!iW"i I r,„__x" C . '11161.=Shri;l1h7k 11 Elei F.St TM„. r..11., .. L. D iINNia1illal ..,10-...111-215moi'. -fill I�►il1=__: . I_. �: lik ,o:l, _ �_ ami.....w i .uuun...�n. ,,11,1,1,■: .....„ -- ,.......... Wit.• ■ --Rif, =:��nui.un..� _�� `.\\.' �!ali ail- �• *w� . t::::_17. 7111 = a•Pt i ...J ib PIIIII .li p.,,ilb,r1 - D:\GP\=FOCUS ' -1 I�: Figure 1-11 Clover Creek Focus Area N w E Community Development And Design Element 50 8 October 3,2000 VICTOR AVENUE FOCUS AREA Victor Avenue Focus Area Development Guidelines This north-south arterial street lies within what was V 1. Acquire sufficient right-of-way to widen Victor once known as Enterprise. This formerly Avenue to four lanes and to construct a frontage unincorporated area was annexed to the City in 1976, road as necessary. well after the land use pattern between Hartnell Avenue and Mistletoe Lane was established. Land uses V2. Subsequent to street widening, allow office along the street are a mix of single-family, multiple- development to occur on the west side of Victor family, and commercial. It is the residential uses that Avenue, generally between Cascade Lane and are most impacted by existing and future traffic Mistletoe Lane subject to the following volumes,both in terms of vehicle noise and difficulty in requirements: accessing adjacent properties. Given projected traffic volumes, the street will eventually need to be widened ' Minimum parcel size: 10,000 square feet. to four lanes; direct street access to single-family residential parcels will not be acceptable. Common driveways may be required between new office uses. To accommodate needed widening along this section of the street, the City has utilized two tools: (1) required Development intensity must be consistent street dedications in conjunction with development with the "Limited Office" classification of projects and (2) the purchase of a substantial number this General Plan and implementing of properties along the west side of the right-of-way zoning. between Hartnell Avenue and East Cypress Avenue. These actions will allow the City to add two lanes to V3. Subsequent to street widening, allow medium the street and provide a frontage road (if necessary) for density residential development (6 to 10 units those residential uses on the east side of the street, per acre) to occur on the east side of Victor south of East Cypress Avenue,as generally depicted on Avenue, generally as depicted on Figure 1-12 the Focus Area Diagram. subject to the following requirements: A different planning solution is proposed for the Minimum parcel size: 10,000 square feet. residential area north of East Cypress Avenue. This Common driveways may be required plan allows a transition of uses from single-family to between residential developments. office uses to occur. The following policies illustrate the two mechanisms described to facilitate street- Development is limited to single-story widening and reduce traffic conflicts along the street. construction. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 51 .s> \ F ti - p - - `yy44 �. II iN I =_______ , , ESTABLISH OFFICE .11111 USES WITH PARCEL , - 1=1- CONSOLIDATION 11414_ ^_ i ; = • ,-mil L.,, _ . T r H OBTAIN ROW I FOR STREET I WIDENING iL E CYPRESS AVE ! 1 I QAC Elm 'BM E 1-=E =mom mum REALIGN VICTOR AVE ri � ,_- 1111111 TO THE WEST ,.. iI:W=;111111 WIDEN TO 4 LANES - n _a 111111 CONSTRUCT FRONTAGE 1 in NE rillniii ROAD TO THE EAST ALLOW OFFICE USES - IS z �� �..C� TRANSITION FROM NIE ME SINGLE FAMILY TO IF SUFFICIENT LAND �� REMAINS AFTER ROAD _ - , MC 115M , MULTIPLE FAMILY USES REALIGNMENT - - -� -- ����111111 �� �� 1111 = AFTER STREET - z ..., D� .� - RECONSTRUCTION me we -- - - � - mom mow al C: 1111 - H ARTNELL AVE D:\GP\viCTORFGCUS Figure 1-12 Victor Avenue Focus Area N 52 w E Community Development And D403ggpent S HILLTOP/DANA DRIVE FOCUS AREA this area as a successful regional commercial center, upgrading its visual appearance, and improving traffic The Dana Drive Focus Area got its start as a regional circulation are critical to presenting a positive regional retail shopping area with the construction of the Mount image. Shasta Mall in 1971. While commercial development along the Hilltop Drive corridor continued, a virtual Hilltop/Dana Drive Focus Area Development explosion in retail development occurred beginning in Guidelines 1988 with the approval and construction of the Food-4- Less, Target, Costco, Wal-Mart, and similar regional- HD1. Retrofit arterial streets where feasible to include scale developments. Much of the infrastructure landscape medians and additional streetside necessary for this growth was derived from actions landscape. taken by the Redding Redevelopment Agency, as well as assessment districts. Today,the Dana Drive/Hilltop HD2. Install traffic light at intersection of Canby Road Drive Focus Area serves the retail shopping needs of and Dana Drive. individuals within a 270-square-mile trade area. This activity not only provides necessary goods and services HD3. Extend Browning Street between Hilltop Drive to a growing community, but makes a significant and Canby Road in a manner that is sensitive to contribution of sales tax dollars to the City to fund existing residential areas on the north side of public safety, planning, parks, and other important the street. municipal functions. HD4. Construct improvements as noted on For many people, especially visitors, this area is the Figure 1-13. gateway through which they see Redding. Maintaining October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 53 It H iii4 tin. it:iik TOP %b �\��1`�o =♦j�je. ��..:*,:; �� 111��1 , O*0 •, ___\ b" H '1 '1 Ifi 41/111Mftw 11 IEto t ...„ 11111111 � .,� ".. �� �� �: �, �� / qrl '' �. IYT11/ • PROTECT EXISTING RESIDENTIAL USE FROM NOISE AND VISUAL IMPACTS , 1 ®" = Pr- I V �i♦ �■� i '4`v�;; Extend Browning Stre-�! 4 ;,' //',, �� to Cance Road ...•�t •s d Q 111111111 O T til „ �1 - , rionzazom 1T� c.c. -: m \►1 T1lia • 4• 12 ESTABLISH . E I II. Num �' 1p� 711 m _PUBLIC STREET II mri��7sgs� '� �i��" ,�- ��It��1 Ian® p, ,. PROVIDE CONNECTO' rs , . °`�q�l WITH SR44 �— �.� Gds . 4\ WIDEN Ilk OVERCROSSING 1 - - ' - Al tit DANAD' �;� DANA DR Mil 1 _ �I .„.,„ !, INSTALL LANDSCAPE MEDIAN ., -�� R.,:r,nr-..,iii:Tsfai404.7g , $ mit ...TY A.1 4 .................., _rill.‘p �` I '®® _ �� 'i�'��..iThFV4tiuiui. - "dill ..•. �►� 11111111 ! -iii "� • D IN l t :►a1,�1M�1111111111 t UNDERGROUND UTILITIES I """""'' ■. ��_ 111111 I - _ i 1 ALONG HILLTOP DRIVE i i IL ;*• L— 1111w 11 ft �g -lil _1 d4r 1111 _ rd 1111 III MERCNAIr�T r„4dI H 1 I i WA L sr— Fit !I. , num 111111 �/ „ m I lin _ E CYPRESS AVE ■ , L 1p 4 1r L 1 -I z: ELe Figure 1-13 Hilltop/Dana Drive Focus Area N itki Vi<14F1 Community Development And Design Element • 54 October 3,2000 OASIS ROAD FOCUS AREA proximity to employment centers and services suggest that this area will be appropriate for a variety of Developed prior to annexation to the City, the Oasis residential products and densities. Land divisions Road Focus Area is dominated by rural residential-type which expand the relatively low-density development parcels, most of which have only deeded easement pattern will foreclose significant opportunities for access. Public water and sewer are available to the redevelopment over the next 20 years. area, but few parcels have taken advantage of the availability of sewer service. Costs associated with Oasis Road Focus Area Development Guidelines providing necessary infrastructure and public roads severely hamper the ability of the area to urbanize, 01. Prepare and adopt a specific plan for a portion of despite its proximity to Interstate 5 and planned future the Oasis Road focus area as shown in neighborhood and regional commercial facilities in the Figure 1-14. vicinity. The General Plan Diagram establishes residential parcel sizes between one and five acres in 02. Provide for a system of multi-use trails along keeping with existing lot sizes. A joint City of creeks within the focus area. Redding/Shasta County redevelopment project has been proposed for the area which, if approved, could 03. Construct one or more regional stormwater detention basins at appropriate locations. facilitate infrastructure upgrades. This General Plan explicitly discourages further 04. Provide generous development setbacks from subdivision of parcels in the area depicted on the Focus creeks. Area Diagram until such time as a development plan is approved for the area. The location, access, and October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 55 Provide large setbacks along creeks Acquire and develop Construct multi-use parksite with development trails along creeks r ill 1/d•nu •OWN 1:01 \ • s moo ... - I.4 MUM 1111"lig AIL ‘ 1.1prrftimiwaiL t .. i - . / A Wr mgA JP r. ... Agra rwir gall k‘ . 0,1E6w ... ,,,L „ints2,-,,,,o)gp,itt vi \ ,20170.;it" .tz: 4033 v .. ,:s__ , . „psi; ...a..2.,Itstat 1, 47. ...„616,0:606 , • Via: priewbi.7,... �9riiia 7.__.......vi.:.....ww el 1 tl INFE.= � ...+: > v"; i ..- , IonaUWE" MIER ••:01 s'nll� ■ g / r� If NW:� : �,.. •11.•11' i ] � •i grb:aaIna ■,P ael � 1 'iI � ia :MIP . �i .. :11111111IPS � ,In�1 .. i 1 I m i ti:57YN.,,.. iii.11.1 1111p,Adi Le.111 wsPitsw IA diniPtifim —01=P.d—lria-elling" 41 su Wit f MI Mt Immonnotop mou-st la r"PP 7\ ... . 0.,.. 12..-Busbi CONSTRUCT REGIONAL PREPARE SPECIFIC PLAN STORMWATER DETENTION BASIN(S) AT APPROPRIATE LOCATION(S) D:\GP\OASISFOCUS Figure 1-14 Oasis Road Focus Area N w E Community Development And Design Element 56 8 October 3,2000 PARKVIEW NEIGHBORHOOD FOCUS AREA activity, the NPU is still faced with a level of calls for assistance that far exceeds other similarly-sized The Parkview Neighborhood is among Redding's older neighborhoods in Redding. neighborhoods. It lies south of Cypress Avenue between the west bank of the Sacramento River and In December 1998, the Redding Redevelopment State Highway 273. Grange Street separates the Agency authorized funding for the development of a primarily residential northern portion from a small revitalization plan for the Parkview Neighborhood. industrial pocket in the south.Commercial/office uses The emphasis of the plan will not only be on halting have developed along the highway frontage and the deterioration process,but also on the development Parkview Avenue. Redding's new Civic Center of a revitalization strategy for both the commercial and complex and South City Park are located immediately residential portions of the neighborhood. From a across Parkview Avenue to the north. positive standpoint, the Parkview Neighborhood is uniquely located in close proximity to the new Civic Parkview has experienced marked deterioration over Center, the Sacramento River and the Park Marina the past twenty years,declining from its heyday status riverfront, and a major City park. in the 1950s and '60s as an attractive, middle-class family residential neighborhood to the Parkview of Parkview Neighborhood Area Development today where criminal activity, cheap rental property, Guidelines and deteriorated infrastructure prevail. It is anticipated that the revitalization plan will The decline is, in part, attributable to the establish specific development policies for the establishment of higher-density land uses, along with neighborhood that will accomplish the following: the transformation of many of the existing single- family homes into rental properties. Of the existing PN I. Preserve and enhance the residential nature of residential units, less than 25 percent are currently the core area through establishment of effective owner-occupied. Coupled with the close proximity of buffer land uses, especially between the industrial and service commercial uses with little or no residential portion and the industrial/service buffer zone, the quality of life within portions of the commercial uses to the south and west and residential neighborhood is poor. Deferred between single- and multiple-family uses, maintenance and/or neglect is evident on many utilizing innovative design features. structures. Property values are low. Because much of the pattern of development occurred prior to PN2. Encourage neighborhood-serving retail uses and establishment of current standards, many developed low-intensity office uses along with multiple- parcels are substandard in size, have inadequate family uses along the frontage of Parkview setback from the street and neighboring properties, Avenue. and have inadequate access. PN3. Establish contiguous, landscaped, setback The neighborhood has been the focus of Redding's pedestrian corridors between the residential area Neighborhood Police Unit (NPU) for several years. and existing adjacent commercial,recreational, While the area is showing positive trends toward and educational facilities. alleviation of most gang- and drug-related criminal October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 57 A _ era 114191 0Awftlii: 4 ISI - 1 Is si Is' lif• 41 iiilsOtr olti &art 4,4, gig,‘i", lit iliame St sil al VI q ' 0" .filoizig all 0::: Zirer� �'� ENCOURAGE A / OF p � ,1 ilt ,w a Seib � •y OFFICE AND R DENTIAir eyp9Essgyf 1111a NI 44 1. �� IIIIMB Wi eti ESTABL NEIGHBO'' $OD lilly,�i • �i ••,����� pqqA „,,,, COMM' ' IAL AREAS Q: ,, iik 407>_, t, 1 iretk iht c.4Q I aft Alipili, raty- r'-4‘./IN, Air i 11111P14: =sem IBA�x/40 ��I/I�� Mir o4 raeu1"'I _ 1_-IM ,Abt# /1■ NI- !iIi:i1 : Z /II;*��'�� ♦�...Air• Na.Y It min =_I- •, till •7 , 0 • is, u El IIP OE '.*ii..,,s-W,.. 4. 11.' ":' ret3' 1\11 II 411 tiiroi? ''' .., / ,,Nt # # • III III it lie * *.tif ; A I* 7 44r4 1! mi a EKE B at Ira \ 014P I. A i. '',#4„ I' 4S 111111 li ... acr: *4' 111 '...::- Val \ "N 4,,, ,•,..• (4 ..„,40, , , ,,,,, Sil alla lift 11 ... - 41.4- 4 #. ms No El 1p 111lo s• * as Ili alum 1A �. �nur,�.y I MIME iitIf2' �� - wo Al Br ill. pi 1011 . rt 4421 AI OS il iiM11i1ii11l frr'fi'tltpLdi6 #4g1egi•l1ii rs1l41vi1,ii:i.l]ialits tu -moi - �� _-.tt — liII NI Figure 1-15 Parkview Neighborhood Focus Area N E Community Development And Design Element 8 58 October 3,2000 ► Land acquisition, parcel-assembly needs. APPENDIX "A" COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Distribution and location of and specifications AND DESIGN ELEMENT for sewer, water, and drainage facilities needed to serve new development. Wherever possible and consistent with public safety consideration, drainage facilities should be designed as natural SPECIFIC PLAN GUIDELINES waterways. In accordance with Policy CDD1I (Community Distribution and location of parks, schools, and Development and Design Element), preparation and other public and quasi-public facilities as approval of specific plans will be required for the areas appropriate. depicted as Specific Plan in this Appendix. The specific plan shall, at a minimum, address the Provisions for linking residential neighborhoods, following: parks, schools, Downtown, shopping areas, and employment centers through a system of ► The distribution, location, and extent of land pedestrian pathways and linear open-space uses, including standards for land use intensity. corridors. ► Compatibility of new development with adjacent Design guidelines for all new public and private existing and proposed development. development and improvements, including landscape, park layout and improvement, ► Establishment of mixed-use areas which provide roadway frontage treatment, subdivision a range of commercial services and housing identification signs and monuments, and walls types. and fences. ► Distribution and location of roadways,including Provisions for development phasing to ensure design standards for and the precise alignment orderly and contiguous development. of arterial, collector, and local streets and bikeways. Provisions for minimizing conflicts between new development and agricultural uses. ► Provisions for the extension of the existing City roadway system into new development areas. Implementation measures necessary to carry out New development shall be linked to adjacent the plan, including a program for financing existing neighborhoods and planned public infrastructure improvements. neighborhoods by collector and local streets. October 3,2000 Community Development and Design Element 59 SHASTA DAM h o 4., x.. ., L. 4, (__________ w,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,, ii r/ a QUARTZ HILL `� A SPECIFIC PLAN / j jj� F iiia./ OASIS QUARTZ �/ H� SPECIFIC PLAN j ckl„ j j/ COMMUNITY SR29/�qM Wit s COLLEGE IF Du f 64'0 iASTA cn Ro ,ii o 13 - NTO VI 4'■� ? r Opipm.\ a fOLD O SR W ��=► r � ALy299 ! " O MINI WillgIVIA: •ik‘ kik.. a .....„0 1 **417i INF! - pIRPARKV.; ..�'IIII B HARTNELL GF� ..� 1L,„ �. SR 44 EL `: - rim;.e..._- r N Q J . . oh .... 1;1" RANCHO 5 /'� 9R c i 00.°C.6 N E.l1 d/ U S0 .44 I W K \ 0 o Cc Z d ' GIRVAN ' < 1 MUNICIPAL VI AIRPORT CLEAR CREEK �,}" I , '••♦ ,ii \iii:mill ....LI,. 1 *ice �� oD G 0 DERSCH SP �.�1 y„('v `� 't... D:\GP\SPEC I FlC P LANAR EAS Appendix A Specific Plan Areas N w E Community Development And Design Element s 60 October 3,2000 I 4 tiO 3 ' i E i Eti T.. i rt isrtañonr s ent Specific topics addressed within the policy document include: INTRODUCTION ▪ Streets and Highways. ► Regional Transportation Planning. ► Neighborhood Streets. 0. Pedestrianism. PURPOSE AND CONTENT Parking. 0. Bicycle System. A city is both defined and constrained by the network ' Public Transportation and Facilities. of highways,roads,trails,railroads, and transit services ► Air Transportation and Facilities. that move its residents and goods in, through, and out ► Railroad Services and Facilities. of the community. A comprehensive, well-planned, and efficiently functioning transportation system is AUTHORITY essential to Redding's long-term growth and vitality. The Transportation Element (referred to by the Pursuant to Government Code Section 65302(b), a Government Code as the Circulation Element) provides general plan is required to include: the necessary framework to guide the growth and development of the Planning Area's transportation- A Circulation Element consisting of the general related infrastructure and integrates land use and location and extent of existing and proposed major transportation planning by ensuring that all existing thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals, and future developments have adequate circulation. and other local public utilities and facilities, all The element is not limited to automobile-related correlated with the Land Use Element of the plan. transportation, but addresses the development of a balanced, multi-modal transportation system for the The provisions of a Transportation Element affect a City, although the street and highway community's physical, social, and economic (circulation/access) system supports the movement of environment and are inexorably linked with a land use all transportation modes, except rail, in Redding. element. Its provisions must also be integrated with Recognition of the regional nature of transportation applicable State and regional transportation plans. facilities that various transport modes use and the need for interagency coordination is also emphasized. The City of Redding has chosen to address utility- oriented facilities,such as energy,water,sewage,storm Background data and information for this element are drainage,and communications,within a comprehensive contained within Chapter 6 of the City of Redding Public Facilities and Services Element. General Plan Background Report. October 3,2000 Transportation Element 1 continuous delays throughout their course of travel. In Redding, most drivers have come to expect virtually GOALS AND POLICIES free-flow traffic, unlike what they may have encountered in larger cities in which they have resided or have visited. But it is important to realize that,while all streets are designed to carry traffic, they are not all the same. Some serve major commercial corridors and STREETS AND HIGHWAYS are directly linked to Interstate 5 and the State highway system. Other streets function as links between places TRAFFIC PLANNING AND LEVEL OF SERVICE of work and residential areas. Still others provide basic organization to areas like Downtown, such as a "grid" Land use planning can have a significant impact on system that have their own flavor and hence a different managing local traffic problems and, to some extent, driving experience. It is not reasonable to expect that regional problems. For instance, this General Plan every street should have free-flow traffic 24 hours a day. includes land use policies aimed at giving more residents the choice of living closer to their jobs. It also Traffic engineers use quantitative measures known as contains policies supporting mixed-use developments, Level of Service (LOS) to describe traffic conditions. higher-density development in the Downtown and Factors taken into consideration include volume of other areas, and locating neighborhood shopping traffic,street and intersection design,signal timing,and facilities closer to residential neighborhoods. These other variables. Each LOS is assigned a letter,ranging policies can be found in the Community Development from"A" (less than a 5-second wait at intersections and and Design Element. But these strategies alone will not no restrictions on speed along arterials)to"F" (delays of solve existing congestion problems nor will they more than one green cycle at intersections and "stop prevent additional circulation problems from occurring and go" movement along the street). LOS is normally in the future. used to describe peak-hour conditions, the morning or afternoon hour when traffic is the heaviest. The A driver's perception of traffic flow is directly related to following table describes the Level of Service expectations. People may expect and accept categories: occasionally heavy traffic, but will not accept 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Table 2-1 Level of Service Descriptions Descriptions of Traffic Conditions Service Level Category Signalized Intersections Arterials (Average Length of Wait') (Average Speed) Most vehicles do not have to stop. On the average, Vehicles can maneuver completely unimpeded and Free-Flowing each driver waits less than 5 seconds to get through without restrictions on speed caused by other cars (LOS A) intersection. and delays at intersections. Cypress Avenue at 7 a.m. on a Sunday. Minimal Delays Some vehicles have to stop,although waits are not Drivers feel somewhat restricted within traffic stream (LOS B) bothersome. Average wait at intersection is 5 to and slightly delayed at intersections. Hilltop Drive at 15 seconds. 10 a.m.on a weekday. Significant number of vehicles have to stop because of Traffic still stable,but drivers may feel restricted in Acceptable Delays steady,high traffic volume. Still,many pass through their ability to change lanes. They begin to feel the (LOS C) without stopping. On the average,vehicles have to tension of traffic. Delays at intersections contribute wait 15 to 25 seconds to get through intersection. to lower average speeds. Cypress Avenue at 11 a.m. Typical LOS at major intersections during mid-day. most weekdays. Many vehicles have to stop. Drivers are aware of High traffic volumes and delays at intersections heavier traffic. Cars may have to wait through more reduce average travel speeds somewhat compared to Tolerable Delays than one red light. Queues begin to form,often on free-flow. Drivers aware of slower pace of traffic. (LOS D) more than one approach. On the average,vehicle wait Cypress Avenue at noon—most intersections. is 25 to 40 seconds. Common afternoon peak-hour LOS at many intersections. Cars may have to wait through more than one red High traffic volume and many signalized intersections Significant Delays light. Long queues form,sometimes on several with long queues reduce average travel speed to one- (LOS E) approaches. Average waits of 40 to 60 seconds. third of free-flow. Cypress Avenue at 5 p.m.at Bechelli Apparent at major arterial intersections at peak hour. Lane. Intersection is jammed. Many cars have to wait through Travel is"stop and go"—one-third or one-fourth of more than one red light or more than 60 seconds. free-flow. Usually caused by a"downstream" Traffic may back up into"upstream"intersections. obstruction,such as lanes reduced from 4 to 3 or a Excessive Delays Generally caused by obstruction or irregular stalled car or signal preemption for a train. At times, (LOS F) occurrence(e.g.,signal preemption for a train). This Cypress Avenue experiences LOS"F"at the freeway condition often viewed as"gridlock." interchange area and when the Cypress Bridge over the Sacramento River is closed to only one lane in a single direction (due to accidents or other problems). "Average wait"is a measure of traffic conditions at intersections. It is an estimate of the average delay for all vehicles entering the intersection in a defined period of time, for example, the evening peak hour. It is expressed as a range rather than a single value. Some drivers will actually wait more or less time than indicated by the range. 2 "Average speed"is a measure of traffic conditions on arterials. "Average speed"is based on the total time it takes to travel a certain distance, including the time spent waiting at intersections. It is determined more by traffic volume and conditions at intersections than by the legal speed limit. Quantitative measures of LOS are useful aids to properties, and other modifications can improve the understanding the community and helping to identify actual operation of a given street or intersection. potential problems with street design and land use Further,LOS describes the conditions based on a"peak impacts. However, LOS is theoretical in nature and hour," usually corresponding to the morning or must be tempered by judgment and interpretation. For afternoon commute. Intersections may be impacted for instance, minor adjustments in signal timing, turning- shorter periods of time without affecting the LOS lane provisions, points of access from adjoining rating. October 3,2000 Transportation Element 3 This General Plan uses a multi-level approach to Traffic Model or other City-approved method. assigning LOS expectations. It recognizes that the Improvements may be deferred by the City same level of service for all streets is not appropriate or upon approval of a Deferred Improvement Plan necessary. For example, moving traffic through which identifies improvements needed, costs, Downtown without delay detracts from efforts to funding sources, and other pertinent data establish an active, pedestrian-friendly area. A required by the City. different level of service is also appropriate at freeway interchanges and certain principal arterial streets as T1C. Obtain needed street right-of-way dedications indicated on Figure 2-1. with ministerial projects and with the approval of subdivisions, use permits, and other discretionary actions. G 0 A L COORDINATE TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE PLANNING;PROTECT T1D. Encourage employers to provide incentives for EXISTING AND PLANNED LAND USES employees utilizing alternatives to the single- T1 FROM TRANSPORTATION-RELATED occupant automobile, such as car pools, van — CONFLICTS;PROMOTE MULTI-MODAL pools, buses, bicycling, and walking. TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS. TIE. Encourage employers, including government Policies to achieve this goal are to: agencies,to allow telecommuting and flex time and to promote staggered shifts or base work T1A. Establish the following peak-hour LOS hours that do not coincide with peak-period standards for transportation planning and traffic to reduce peak-hour trips. project review. They reflect the special circumstances of various areas of the Ti F. Route through truck traffic around existing and community, as depicted in Figure 2-1: future residential neighborhoods and incompatible commercial areas to the extent ► Use LOS "C"—"acceptable delays"—for feasible. most arterial streets and their intersections. T1G. Continue to utilize signage and enforcement to clearly demonstrate the City's intent to reduce I. Use LOS"D"—"tolerable delays"—for the truck traffic and parking in residential districts. Downtown area where vitality, activity, immo and pedestrian and transit use are primary goals. GOAL USE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TO ► Use LOS "D"—"tolerable delays"—for REINFORCE THE URBAN LAND USE streets within the State highway system T2 PATTERN OF DOWNTOWN. and interchanges. mine ► Use LOS "D"—"tolerable delays"—for Policies to achieve this goal are to: river-crossing street corridors whose capacity is affected by adjacent T2A. Retain alleys in the Downtown area to provide intersections. pedestrian circulation and convenient service access to local businesses. T1B. Require development projects to construct both on- and off-site improvements as T2B. Establish motorized and/or nonmotorized necessary to mitigate the effects of increased transportation linkages to connect Downtown traffic generated by the project and maintain Redding to the Park Marina, Turtle Bay, and peak-hour LOS standards established by Policy Civic Center areas;augment the transit system T1A. The traffic analysis used to establish to establish frequent and convenient access to mitigating measures shall be based on the City's these destination areas. 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 SHASTA DAM h, .„ ... c..., $ o 2Wo0 � cowACk£R „t, � y �\— o uc H , ji /1 ' QUART] H2C SHASTA •' COMMUNITY DAM Z, ,Z COLLEGE SR 299 E e ` \..`01_-- ,Bt� '� G Q(/q yfr SR?99k y� A NTO ��pi o..".7.0 k-- 11111 rn E. l ::i b* 0ALT RAS1 . + 3f 41.0 \IVA 1 Wi � -o VI OO :. liat 1 AIRPARK � o 1 ,,■�HARTNELL, et. rI up SR as TG z III! , ,‘i cr ... .- Q`TG� m s2 Ln I a RANCHO BRPKSEER 0.1 ON��6 1111(i S B Cr SI re 0 N. a MREODING UNICIPAL \AI” RPORT CRE .N. I CLEAR t'•j• , MEADOYM 00 Gp ks.141144114., DERSCH ?.).J LOS'D'(INCLUDES ALL DOWNTOWN AREA ARTERAL STREETS) ...4 e-s /3 (UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED ALL STREETS SHOULD MAINTAIN A LOS V) �'� s = D:\GP\LOS Figure 2-1 Peak Hour Level Of Service N w E Transportation Element 5 Octobe, 3,2000 PROVIDING EFFICIENT ROAD SYSTEMS Given significant barriers such as Interstate 5, the Sacramento River,the Union Pacific Railroad,Redding The street network is, and will remain, the basic Cemetery, and often difficult topography, Redding has element of the transportation system for the foreseeable done an admirable job of planning for and constructing future. That network is made up of a number of an efficient system of cross-town arterial streets. Most different types of streets, each performing a special traffic flows smoothly, even during peak hours. The function and serving different types of traffic. The system, however, must be continually enhanced as street classifications Redding uses are listed in the table traffic levels increase. below. Each class,with the exception of Freeways and Expressways, also has subclasses, depending on the nature and quantity of traffic they are designed to carry. G 0 A L BUILD AND MAINTAIN A SAFE AND EFFICIENT LOCAL STREET SYSTEM WITH THE AIM OF MEETING LOS Street Classification System T3 STANDARDS. Freeways. Drivers use freeways primarily for long-distance trips. Cars can enter a freeway only at an interchange;major streets cross only at underpasses or overpasses. Policies to achieve this goal are to: These facilities range from 4 to 6 lanes. Expressways. Drivers also use expressways for regional trips.Other roads may cross T3A. Establish a system of street cross-sections that expressways at intersections with traffic signals,or they may have underpasses or will: overpasses. It is usually not possible to enter an expressway from an adjacent parcel of land. These 4-to 6-lane facilities require right-of-way generally between 110 feet and 150 feet in width. ► Accommodate all improvements necessary to handle forecasted volumes at adopted Arterial. Drivers use these streets to travel to activity centers, freeways, expressways,and other arterials and collectors. Driveways may connect adjacent LOS standards. land uses directly;collector streets conduct traffic to the arterials. Right-of-ways necessary to accommodate traffic projected for these 4-to 6-lane streets generally ► Accommodate bicycles and transit range from 84 feet to 135 feet. facilities. Collectors. Drivers use these streets to travel within and between residential areas and neighborhood commercial areas.Access to adjacent land uses may be restricted ► Attain the design objectives for streets as in residential areas. These streets collect traffic from local streets and route it to arterials. Collector street right-of-ways range from 60 feet for 2-lane residential addressed in the Community Development collectors to 125 feet for 4-lane facilities. and Design Element. Local Streets. Drivers travel on these streets only to reach adjacent land uses. Local streets serving residential areas are designed to protect residents from through T3B. Require streets to be dedicated and improved traffic. Right-of-ways generally range from 28 feet to 60 feet in width. in accordance with adopted street standards; allow modifications to standard street sections when approved by the Planning Commission Figure 2-2 depicts the City's basic circulation system, and City Engineer. including new street links that will be needed between now and buildout of the City. Appendix"A"notes the T3C. Maximize intersection and driveway spacing on types of street improvements that will be needed over arterial and collector streets. Require the next 40 to 50 years. Appendix"B"provides a list of shared/common driveways wherever feasible. the City's expressway, arterial, and collector streets. These improvements have been projected through the T3D. Provide right-turn lanes for arterial-to-arterial use of the City's"Traffic Model." This computer model and arterial-to-collector intersections wherever utilizes existing and planned land uses to estimate feasible. future traffic levels and roadway deficiencies. It is based on a countywide system, thereby taking into T3E. Pursue financing in a timely manner for all account traffic originating from areas outside the city as components of the transportation system to well as those generated from within. achieve and maintain adopted level of service standards. 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 �� 0 0 \`r -d 1 L 90#7 oiifilif • YI is et ;17 •• ,,,[, ' G"ERP,4wq• A U �,�5' t II • a , ; • It 109 a�� iiinot 'L0�1YEF s 111 1\\\ s • rI • ,1 BENTON .4, $IEDPE I""'" wmot_W!Paw it 2 1 OLD ALTORAS C. i 1111111111111 `�isic',��,, 1 lii lilt! : CYPRESS ,,iii CANYON i REEK Rp •+ .moi{ .',......u.•. . KENYON lr, 1 m � ew"" 1. 5 cit 1�11� p • . VI•05 % 1 .. I • ' . �'� i • Hca ,� ♦ ♦� , c I. I i ♦♦I♦♦ 4,.• I MEADOV EW Ii ; • op ♦♦ LEGEND ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦s♦ I ♦♦♦• ,• , 447- t IIMIENNMEN FREEWAY ♦♦ .: R scH IIIIIIIIIIIII EXPRESSWAY 44, \ . • ARTERIAL `� • • FUTURE ARTERAL -,r COLLECTOR fJ FUTURE COLLECTOR D:\CP\FiG2-2 Figure 2-2 Circulation Plan N Ow ,2000 Transportation E1em,nt s T3F. Assess fees on new development sufficient to T4A. Participate in multi-jurisdictional efforts to cover the fair share portion of that plan, upgrade, and expand the regional road development's impacts on the local and network. regional transportation system. Exceptions may be when new development generates T4B. Work closely with Caltrans and the RTPA to significant public benefits (e.g., low-income ensure that State facilities which go through housing, primary-wage-earner employment), the City—including SR 299, SR 44, SR 273, and alternative sources of funding for the Interstate 5, and intersections/interchanges improvements can be obtained to offset that involve those facilities—are maintained at foregone revenues. an acceptable LOS as defined in this element. T3G. Utilize intelligent transportation control T4C. Encourage Caltrans and the RTPA to systems, where appropriate, to improve traffic incorporate desired City design features flow and safety on the street and highway (Intelligent Transportation System programs, system. landscaped medians, Class II bike lanes, and detached sidewalks) within State facilities that T3H. Utilize information in Appendices "A" and"B" function as arterials and gateways through the and Figure 2-2 in addition to any information City. obtained from project-specific traffic studies when determining right-of-way needs and the T4D. Work closely with Shasta County to ensure type/level of improvements required to that adequate street rights-of-way and maintain and upgrade the street system. improvements are provided in areas likely to annex to the City. T3I. Require assurance of long-term, private maintenance for all private streets constructed NEIGHBORHOOD STREETS within the City. Maintaining adequate traffic flows and acceptable REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION levels of service is of primary concern on freeways, PLANNING expressways, arterials, and collectors. However, the focus on residential streets is often to slow traffic down Regional planning is a key element in dealing with and create more livable street environments. Capacity traffic congestion and air pollution that results from thresholds for residential streets are usually designed to vehicle commuting. To address regional transportation ensure that traffic flows remain within acceptable levels issues, Redding works closely with the Shasta County of service. The typical threshold given for local streets Regional Transportation Planning Agency (RTPA). is 3,000 trips per day. Although this figure may This agency coordinates local land use planning and indicate what is generally acceptable in terms of establishes capital improvement programs under a State vehicular levels of service, it is actually much higher referendum approved in 1990. The agency is made up than the traffic volumes that most residents and of representatives from Shasta County and the Cities of pedestrians would find acceptable. In general, Redding, Shasta Lake, and Anderson. residential streets that accommodate more than 2,000 trips per day are viewed as unsafe, noisy, and disruptive to the quality of a residential environment. G 0 A L ENSURE INTERAGENCY AND REGIONAL COORDINATION WITH Even though Redding has a good system of arterials, REGARD TO TRANSPORTATION drivers may be prompted by heavy traffic at some T4 PLANNING AND IMPROVEMENTS. locations to take short-cuts through residential neighborhoods. Excessive traffic can destroy the feeling of comfort,safety,and cohesion in neighborhoods. The Policies to achieve this goal are to: City should use a variety of physical and program options to divert traffic in problem areas. The size and kind of problem should be verified by a special traffic 8 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 study prior to carrying out any options. Careful review considerably higher. Excessive speed not only poses of proposed street designs(including street patterns and serious pedestrian safety concerns,it also detracts from widths) in new subdivisions is also important to avoid the general quality of life within the neighborhood. the creation of new problems. Speed can be controlled through a number of means, The speed vehicles travel in residential neighborhoods including increased enforcement; traffic-calming is a very real concern. Although residential streets are devices, such as roundabouts and neck-downs; and "designed" for a speed of 25 MPH, the average speed narrowing the "pavement width" of the street. The along the City's residential streets is in excess of latter two can work together when designed as an 30 MPH. On certain streets, the average speed is integral component of new neighborhoods as addressed in the Community Development and Design Element. Where problems occur on existing streets, the same Neighborhood Traffic Management types of techniques can be used to"retrofit"the street, Visual Cues thereby slowing vehicle speed. Speed bumps, street Entries- Center island with landscaping closures, and diversions should be used only as a last 01 to slow traffic resort. These devices may cause longer response times " ' entering street, 1 r T and deter through for emergency vehicles and reduce access options. ►�l traffic. _____1:41 1r. ..' • iiIIINIII '=' 'mak GOAL PROTECT RESIDENTIAL NA. IZZI NEIGHBORHOODS FROM EXCESSIVE Me..r. T5 THROUGH TRAFFIC,WHERE FEASIBLE. "Bow-outs"with "Gateway"markers on Policies to achieve this goal are to: landscaping at corners bow-outs to announce to slow traffic entering neighborhood entrance, street,and deter slow and/or deter T5A. Develop neighborhood protection plans when through traffic. through traffic. traffic studies or monitoring confirm excessive Physical Changes traffic volumes, substantial through traffic, Closure- Partial closure speeding, or accidents in specific residential one-way with J• landscaped areas. 1 10;1'k-bow-outs." �i T5B. Emphasize the use of landscape and other visual deterrents to through traffic; install ., physical obstacles only as a last resort. k S • •t ``t" T5C. Establish street design standards and review Complete IP: .w Partial closure closure with r 1 one-way with criteria intended to avoid the creation of local landscaped flexible"knock- streets that will encourage excessive speed cul-de-sac. down"bollards. and/or which will ultimately function as Diverter- I Landscaped collectors. Factors that may contribute to a diverter channels traffic to preferred local street functioning as a collector include: routes. �y = �, ‘,1), ► Excessive length (typically greater than ,c one-half mile). e0 • .: },,..— ► Excessive width. \ 1 ► The lack of other streets which may be used to convey traffic to nearby arterials. October 3,2000 Transportation Element 9 T5D. Encourage new neighborhoods to incorporate those who have a choice. Development of the type of detached sidewalks and to establish landscape pedestrian system described in this section is essential "parkways" between the curb and sidewalk. to increasing the number of individuals choosing to Continuous and consistent tree-planting to walk through the Redding community. The Recreation form canopy closure is encouraged. Element also addresses the establishment of a comprehensive trail system that will complement the T5E. Route through traffic around the perimeters of City's sidewalk system. neighborhoods where possible. PEDESTRIANISM G 0 A L PROVIDE AN ATTRACTIVE,SAFE,AND The popularity of walking is continuing to increase.Not CONTINUOUS SYSTEM OF SIDEWALKS only does walking provide a good form of exercise, it T6 AND OTHER PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES. can also be an effective "commuting" mode if limi complementary land uses are located nearby. In the past, the realm of the pedestrian has often been Policies to achieve this goal are to: overlooked in Redding. In order to be effective, sidewalks and other pedestrian areas need to be T6A. Provide pedestrian-oriented features, such as reasonably attractive, impart a feeling of safety and benches, enhanced landscape, and trash separation from vehicles,and be designed for use by all receptacles,in commercial areas,particularly in individuals,including those with mobility impairments. the Downtown and Park Marina areas. These objectives can largely be achieved through facility design. Factors such as sidewalk width and the T6B. Require new development to provide sidewalks creation of an attractive separation between the or other pedestrian-dedicated facilities on both sidewalk and the curb (usually by a maintained sides of new public streets. Exceptions may be landscape strip) can contribute to the quality and appropriate where topography is difficult, perceived safety of the pedestrian's experience. This is proposed lots are of a rural or semi-rural nature, particularly important on streets which carry heavy or where the development plan illustrates that traffic volumes and/or have relatively high vehicle pedestrians will be accommodated by speeds. alternative means. Sidewalks are particularly critical in areas where young T6C. Work with neighborhoods to decide where children are likely to walk. This would include curbs, gutters, and sidewalks are needed on corridors between residential areas and parks or unimproved local streets and how to pay for schools. The installation of handicapped ramps in the improvements; establish sidewalk accordance with Americans with Disabilities Act continuity wherever feasible. requirements is also important at intersections,so that those with mobility impairments can easily cross the T6D. Pursue funding for the continued replacement street and safely return to a sidewalk system.In order to and repair of sidewalks that have deteriorated encourage the highest level of use,pedestrian facilities due to age and tree-root invasion. need to be linked or connected to areas or destination points that people want to get to. These include, but T6E. Develop and implement a program to identify, are not limited to: a neighborhood store, place of prioritize, and fund the retrofitting of existing employment, neighboring development, intersections that do not currently have educational/recreational facilities, the river, or other handicapped access ramps at the street corners. creekside trail. Policies addressing this issue are included in the Community Development and Design T6F. Require all new or renovated pedestrian Element. facilities to be of a sufficient width to ensure pedestrian comfort and safety and to When walking is not perceived as safe, convenient, or accommodate the special needs of the comfortable,it is not selected as the mode of travel by physically disabled. 10 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 T6G. Restrict speed limits in residential Table 2-1 neighborhoods, Downtown, and Bikeway Classifications other areas of the City where pedestrian activities are strongly Bikeway encouraged to reduce the potential Classification Description of Facility for pedestrian injuries and fatalities. Paths developed within an entirely separate right-of-way PARKING Class I for the exclusive use of bicycles and pedestrians. Except for occasional cross-flow points, these facilities Parking facilities are an important part of the completely separate cyclists from motorists. transportation system. Allowing on-street Lanes within the road right-of-way designated parking along busy arterial streets, for Class II specifically for one-way bicycle use.Class II facilities are instance, increases the possibility of delineated by signs and striping along street shoulders. pedestrian and vehicle conflicts and can Bicycle routes indicated only by posted signs on existing disrupt the flow of traffic. Off-street parking Class III streets. No specific bicycle lane is delineated. often has its own drawbacks, particularly related to conflicts resulting from the number and location of driveways and the appearance they have from the street. The latter issue BICYCLE SYSTEM is addressed in the Community Development and Design Element. In certain areas,such as Downtown, Bicycles can be an integral part of a city's transportation on-street parking is desirable,the conflicts noted above system. As lifestyles and land use patterns continue to notwithstanding. Traffic generally moves at a slower change, there is every reason to expect that this speed in the Downtown area and maintains a small- transportation mode will increase considerably. To town feel to the streets. make the most of commuter bicycle use, a comprehensive system of bikeways needs to be established. There are many opportunities within G 0 A L ENSURE THAT SUFFICIENT, WELL- Redding's existing arterial and collector street system to DESIGNED, AND CONVENIENT ON- establish a viable commuter system. In many instances, STREET AND OFF-STREET PARKING this system can be linked to the system of multi-use T7 FACILITIES ARE PROVIDED TO SERVE trails that have been and will be constructed along the LAND USES THROUGHOUT THE CITY. river,its tributary streams,and other areas. It will take commitment on the part of the City to ensure that Policies to achieve this goal are to: proper facilities are provided as new streets are constructed and to establish an active program to T7A. Maintain adequate on-street and public off- retrofit existing streets to accommodate bike facilities. street parking areas within the Downtown area This work may consist of restriping streets to provide to meet ongoing parking demands. adequate width for bike facilities and/or providing additional paved width along shoulders. The T7B. Generally prohibit on-street parking on arterial preparation of a properly documented Bikeway Plan is streets outside the Downtown area to reduce necessary to identify existing deficiencies, recommend congestion and conflicts. upgrades, and establish timing and funding priorities. T7C. Pursue funding options and strategies for the Until a Comprehensive Bikeway Plan is adopted, construction and maintenance of shared- Figure 2-3 should be used to plan for a well-integrated parking facilities/structures Downtown. bikeway system. The system should include all classes of facilities as addressed in Table 2-1. T7D. Establish maximum and minimum standards for parking spaces in transit corridors and Downtown to promote use of alternate modes. October 3,2000 Transportation Element 11 S pil h�/ ►, ° z Mk, I . j * $ I i _,,�G4' am % SR Zq9 •4te �yrER �� 0044.7? 444 �0 1 1 1 s I,......:. ._ •AGE Nf71' 441k-- -1115° Z r ,,,, ga. . 6EMON -- \ / I i.im10I =I■ .-m. I.y¢ * O 299 w 1 -� )� ow ruRAs Z 010111106 „.,,, ,,.„,,,. ,lrim gra oke4IIILK; ,r , 1111, ..z. 0 j i % lor.- yam-, ilb ,‘,\ ,. , . 8 1 E i j r s: F `i Ilk; -- • 4 • �y I RANCHO • 80051.51 11; s a Li s ' MUNICIPAL wo CREEK �' ...• AIRPORT • IY \ 'r • V J ♦♦ .\, v LEGEND Qt; I' 1111 CLASS 1 EXISTING 1 CLASS 1 PROPOSED CLASS 2 EXISTING sr of • • CLASS 2 PROPOSED N.„.....— __ _WI CLASS 3 EXISTING1,ti 1111111111111111111111111111111 CLASS 3 PROPOSED • SCHOOL D:\GP\BIKEWAYS Figure 2-3 Bikeway System N w E Transportation Element s 12 October 3,2000 services can also enhance the transportation options G 0 A L available to residents and visitors. MAKE IT EASIER AND SAFER FOR _ PEOPLE TO TRAVEL BY BICYCLE. PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN A PUBLIC T8 G 0 A L TRANSIT SYSTEM THAT IS SAFE, - EFFICIENT, COST-EFFECTIVE, AND RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF Policies to achieve this goal are to: T9 RESIDENTS. T8A. Develop and maintain a Comprehensive Policies to achieve this goal are to: Bikeway Plan geared to establishing an integrated bicycle system. T9A. Support the continuation and expansion of private commercial bus operations to provide T8B. Incorporate facilities suitable for bicycle use additional regional transit opportunities for in the design of interchanges, intersections, residents. and other street-improvement/maintenance projects. T9B. Work with the Redding Area Bus Authority (RABA) on an ongoing basis to plan and T8C. Make improvements to streets, signs, and implement additional transit services that are traffic signals as needed to improve bicycle timely, cost-effective, responsive to growth travel. patterns, and meet the needs of existing and T8D. Keep bikeways free of overhanging shrubbery, future transit demand. debris, and other obstacles. T9C. Provide bus pull-outs along arterial streets at T8E. Install bicycle parking in the Downtown area approximately'/a mile intervals or as indicated and at City parks, civic buildings, and other in the Shasta County Transit Development Plan. Determine the precise locations during community centers. development plan review or at the time of T8F. Support the efforts of the Redding Area Bus major street improvement or reconstruction. Authority (RABA) to provide bicycle racks on T9D. Require development to install passenger all buses within the system. amenities at designated bus stops when T8G. Require new development to provide bicycle identified as a mitigating measure. facilities or pay in-lieu fees based on the fair T9E. Provide attractive, well-lighted, comfortable, share of that development's impacts on the and protected waiting areas for bus passengers. bikeway system and needs identified on the Comprehensive Bikeway Plan. T9F. Promote coordination of transit and air PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND transportation services to enhance the transportation options available for residents FACILITIES and visitors to the Redding community. Public transportation, particularly bus service, is AIR TRANSPORTATION AND essential to the circulation system. It is often the only FACILITIES means of transport for people who cannot or choose not to drive, including school children, the elderly, and Redding's two airports—Redding Municipal and disabled persons. In conjunction with fundamental Benton Airpark—provide the community with land use changes that provide adequate densities to transportation options which not all cities have. Not ensure the feasibility of transit, the availability of a only do these facilities provide a base for corporate, quality public transportation system can help reduce recreational,and emergency-response aircraft,they also residents' dependence on the automobile. Coordination between transit and air transportation October 3,2000 Transportation Element 13 mmummi play a key role in serving the commercial aviation needs of businesses and the traveling public. It is important G 0 A L ENCOURAGE MAXIMUM that the community support activities to maintain and AVAILABILITY AND USE OF BOTH expand these facilities as needed in conjunction with FREIGHT AND PASSENGER RAIL the City's growth. T11 SERVICE. PRESERVE AND ENHANCE THE AIR G 0 A L TRANSPORTATION OPPORTUNITIES Policies to achieve this goal are to: PROVIDED BY THE REDDING MUNICIPAL AIRPORT AND BENTON T11A. Support efforts to establish convenient rail T10 AIRPARK, WHILE PROTECTING THE transit service between Redding and the PUBLIC FROM AIRPORT-RELATED Sacramento area. NOISE AND SAFETY HAZARDS. T1 1B. Encourage the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) Policies to achieve this goal are to: and Amtrak to increase passenger service by expanding rail schedules to include a greater TWA. Continue to plan and develop the Redding number of stops and range of connection times Municipal Airport to maximize its and by providing safe and comfortable station contributions to business efficiency, economic facilities. development, and recreational opportunities within the region. T11C. Protect existing rail alignments and facilities through zoning from encroachment by T10B. Encourage the establishment of additional potentially incompatible land uses. commercial airline providers at the Redding T11D. Work with UPRR to identify any surplus right- Municipal Airport to provide the widest range of aviation travel choices to residents and of-way that may be suitable for parking or other businesses within the region. facilities associated with a future light-rail system. T10C. Support Benton Airpark as a public-use, T11E. Seek the cooperation of UPRR in establishing general aviation airport and commercial- reliever facility for the Redding Municipal a rail-side facility for freight container Airport. unloading to augment goods-transportation opportunities. T10D. Protect existing and planned local air transportation facilities from encroachment by mnim potentially incompatible land uses and require G 0 A L IMPROVE SAFETY AT LOCATIONS developers to file an avigation easement with WHERE RAIL AND OTHER the City if a proposed development or TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES expansion of an existing use is located in the T12 INTERFACE. area subject to the overlay district. RAIL SERVICES AND FACILITIES Policy to achieve this goal is to: Redding is bisected by the Union Pacific railroad in a T12A. Provide for additional grade-separated railroad north-south direction. The railroad provides valuable crossings at South Bonnyview Road and in the opportunities for rail transit from several industrial Downtown area. areas and also serves passengers to a somewhat limited extent. 14 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 APPENDIX "A" TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT FUTURE ROADWAY NETWORK Roadway Location Improvements New Roadway Extensions Auditorium Drive Convention Center to North Market Street 2-lane collector Bodenhamer Drive Chum Creek Road to College View Drive 2-lane collector New Salt Creek Bridge Browning Street Chum Creek Road to Hilltop Drive 4-lane arterial Buenaventura Eureka Way to Keswick Dam Road 2-lane collector Boulevard Canyon Creek Road Blazingwood Drive to Placer Road 2-lane collector Cedars Road El Reno Lane to Buenaventura Boulevard 4-lane arterial Chum Creek Road Collyer Drive to Oasis Road 2-lane arterial Creekside Drive Sacramento Street to Bonnyview Road 2-lane collector Dana Drive Ramp Hilltop Drive to SR 299 WB Ramp Freeway- 1-lane ramp Eastside Road Ellis Street to Parkview Avenue 2-lane collector George Drive North terminus to Oasis Road 2-lane collector Hilltop Drive E. Lake Boulevard to Twin View Boulevard 2-lane arterial Industrial Street Bechelli Lane to Hilltop Drive New- 2-lane overcrossing` Kenyon Drive West terminus to Placer Road 2-lane collector Knighton Road Chum Creek Road to Airport Road 4-lane arterial New Chum Creek Bridge Knighton Road I-5 to SR273 2-lane collector Loma Vista Drive Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 2-lane collector Old Oregon Trail Old 44 Drive to Viking Way 4-lane arterial Palacio Drive Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 2-lane collector Parkview Avenue Freebridge Street - Hartnell Avenue New bridge - 2-lane arterial Pine Grove Avenue Cascade Boulevard to Ashby Road 4-lane arterial Santa Rosa Avenue Quartz Hill Road to Lake Boulevard 2-lane collector October 3,2000 Transportation Element 15 FUTURE ROADWAY NETWORK Roadway Location Improvements Shasta View Drive Collyer Drive to Gold Hills Drive 4-lane arterial Shasta View Drive Collyer Drive to north City limits 4-lane arterial Shasta View Drive Rancho Road to Airport Road 4-lane arterial Shasta View Drive Saturn Skyway Street to Galaxy Way 4-lane arterial Tarmac Road Abernathy Avenue to Old Oregon Trail 2-lane collector Unnamed Akrich Road to Pine Grove Avenue 2-lane collector Unnamed Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 2-lane collector Unnamed Eastside Road to Bechelli Lane 2-lane collector Unnamed Keswick Dam Road to Quartz Hill Road 2-lane collector Unnamed Southeast Municipal Airport Service Road 2-lane collector Venus Shasta View Drive to Airport Road 2-lane collector Roadway Widening Airport Road Old 44 Drive to Dersh Road 4-lane expressway Churn Creek Road Old Alturas Road to College View Drive 4-lane expressway Churn Creek Road Arizona Street to S. Bonnyview Road 4-lane arterial Cypress Avenue SR 273 to Hartnell Avenue 6-lane arterial/widen bridge Hartnell Avenue Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 4-lane arterial/widen bridge Hilltop Drive E. Lake Boulevard to E. Palisades Avenue 4-lane arterial/widen bridge Hilltop Drive SR 44 ramp to Dana Drive Left- and right-turn lane Widen freeway overcrossing Interstate 5 Knighton Road to E. Lake Boulevard 6-lane freeway Lake Boulevard North Point Drive to Hilltop Drive 6-lane arterial at approach to Market Street and Hilltop Drive North Market Street Trinity Street to Benton Drive 6-lane arterial Oasis Road Twin View Boulevard to Gold Hills Drive 4-lane arterial/widen bridge Old Alturas Road Bradford Avenue to Victor Avenue 4-lane arterial Placer Street Airpark Drive to Cumberland Drive 4-lane arterial Railroad Avenue Buenaventura Boulevard north 2,000 feet 4-lane arterial S. Bonnyview Road Sacramento River to SR 273 4-lane expressway/railroad overcrossing 16 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 FUTURE ROADWAY NETWORK Roadway Location Improvements Shasta View Drive Tarmac Road north 2,000 feet 4-lane arterial SR 44 Airport Road to Deschutes Road 4-lane expressway SR 44 Interstate 5 to Auditorium Drive Add auxiliary lanes Victor Avenue Old Alturas Road to Hartnell Avenue 4-lane arterial Interchange Improvements Interstate 5 at Cypress Avenue Ramp improvements Interstate 5 at Knighton Road - widening 4-lane freeway overcrossing Interstate 5 at Oasis Road - new bridge 4-lane freeway overcrossing Interstate 5 SR 44 interchange Ramp improvements Downtown Circulation Revision Tehama Street California Street to Market Street 2 lanes eastbound/1 lane westbound Court Street Tehama to Eureka Way New channelization EB 299 East Street to Auditorium Drive Add third lane Market Street Eureka Way to Tehama Street Add one lane Shasta Street Market to Court Street 3-lane one-way (westbound) Gold Street Union Pacific Railroad Undercrossing2 , ' This link may be reexamined if other options for modifying traffic flow in the East Cypress/Hilltop Drive/I-5 interchange area are identified and determined to be feasible. 2 Crossing may be located at a location other than Gold Street. October 3,2000 Transportation Element 17 APPENDIX "B" TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT The following streets will provide the basic framework Hartnell Avenue for the City's expressway, arterial, and collector street South Bonnyview Road systems. Unless otherwise indicated,the ultimate right- Knighton Road of-way should accommodate a minimum of four lanes Rancho Road as well as necessary turn pockets, center medians, and Cedars Road detached sidewalks. Variations in ultimate right-of-way Old Alturas Road Dana Drive width are expected due to circumstances such as Clear Creek Road proximity to existing development, slopes, bridge Bechelli Lane (south of East Cypress Avenue) approaches, and other site-specific factors. Branstetter Lane Quartz Hill Road' ARTERIAL STREETS COLLECTOR STREETS Lake Boulevard Oasis Road Lakeside Drive' Old Oregon Trail Venus Way' Hilltop Drive Alta Mesa Drive' Browning Street Harlan Drivel Eureka Way Cumberland Drive' Buenaventura Boulevard Placer Street EXPRESSWAY Cypress Avenue Churn Creek Road State Route 273 Shasta View Drive Airport Road Victor Avenue Two lanes 18 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 - Resources j Eie 1, I e i Na Resoutcesent ► Mineral Resources. INTRODUCTION Energy Resources and Conservation. o Agricultural Lands. Air quality, which is also considered a resource, is PURPOSE AND CONTENT addressed in a separate Air Quality Element. Park and recreation facilities and programs are addressed within The City of Redding is fortunate to have a wide range the City's Recreation Element. of resources within its Planning Area. These include the Sacramento River, creeks,ponds,wetlands,vernal AUTHORITY pools, and groundwater resources; a variety of vegetation types and communities; wildlife; In accordance with Government Code Sections archaeological,historic,and cultural resources;mineral 65302(d) and 65302(e), a general plan is required to resources; and agricultural lands. include both a Conservation and an Open Space Element. These resources contribute to the City's economy and are important elements of Redding's quality of life. The Conservation Element is required to address the Both responsible management and protection of these conservation, development, and utilization of natural resources are needed. This Plan seeks to balance the resources, including water and its hydraulic force, need to accommodate growth with the need for the forests,soils,rivers and other waters,harbors,fisheries, conservation, protection, and enhancement of the wildlife, minerals, and other natural resources. The area's natural resources. Conservation Element may also cover: Most of the background data and information related ► The reclamation of land and waters. to this element are contained within Chapter 9 of the City of Redding General Plan Background Report. B. Prevention and control of the pollution of streams Information regarding archaeological, historic, and and other waters. cultural resources is contained in Chapter 8 of the same document. Regulation of the use of land in stream channels and other areas required for the accomplishment of Specific topics addressed within the Policy Document the conservation plan. include: o Prevention, control, and correction of the erosion o Surface Water. of soils, beaches, and shores. ► Groundwater. ► Protection of watersheds. o Biological Resources. ► The location, quantity, and quality of rock, sand, and gravel resources. ► Open Space. o Flood control. o Archaeological, Historic, and Cultural Resources. October 3,2000 Natural Resources Element 1 It is the intent of the Legislature that cities preparing space necessary to maintain the public health and general plans recognize open space as a limited and safety. valuable resource to be conserved whenever possible. The Open Space Element is specifically required to The Conservation and Open Space Elements are consider open space for the preservation of natural commonly combined because of the overlapping topics resources (fish and wildlife habitat); open space used each is required to address. The City of Redding has for the managed production of resources (food and chosen to prepare a Natural Resources Element which fiber); open space for outdoor recreation, including effectively meets the statutory requirements of both areas of scenic, historic, and cultural value; and open documents. 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 ► Excessive water consumption. GOALS AND POLICIES Contamination resulting from the improper or excessive use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers in conjunction with large agricultural operations, golf courses, and other urban uses. SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER Contamination resulting from improperly managed RESOURCES urban stormwaterwater runoff, which often contains pesticides, herbicides, oil, grease, and quantity, heavy metals. The availability, q ty, and quality of water resources are vital to natural processes and human Discharge of various chemicals and compounds activities within any urban area. Water is essential to ► the development of housing, commerce and industry, into surface water, groundwater, or storm-drain systems through improper handling and disposal by agricultural operations, recreation, and the maintenance of high-quality fish and wildlife habitats. businesses, industries, or individuals. I. Surface water within the Planning Area consists of the Contamination resulting from high concentrations Sacramento River and numerous tributary creeks. of on-site, sewage-disposal systems or systems There are also a number of ponds, most of which are in installed in areas with unsuitable soils. private ownership. In 1995, 58 percent of the City's I. Leaching of soils that have been contaminated by water supply was drawn from the Sacramento River. Another 18 percent was drawn from the Spring Creek hazardous materials or substances. Conduit, which receives its water from Whiskeytown Erosion and sedimentation control are the primary Lake. The remaining 24 percent of the City's water issues in the Redding area from a water-quality supply was drawn from wells located in the Redding Groundwater Basin. perspective. While the City recognizes the economic importance of allowing grading and other site- In addition to the City of Redding, a number of water development activities to occur during what is districts provide domestic and agricultural water within considered the "rainy season" (typically October 15 the Planning Area. These districts also obtain their through April 15),of equal or greater importance is the protection of our surface-water resources. Siltation of supplies from a variety of sources, including the our waterways has dramatic negative effects on aquatic Sacramento River, Spring Creek Conduit, Muletown Conduit (which is also connected to Whiskeytown wildlife, including Federally protected species of Lake), and wells. anadromous fish. The following policies strike a balance between these objectives. The quality and quantity of water resources can be mosime MINIMIZE SOIL-EROSION AND affected by a variety of activities including, but not 0 0 A L SEDIMENTATION PROBLEMS limited to: RESULTING FROM DEVELOPMENT 1. Sedimentation and siltation resulting from erosion NR1 ACTIVITIES; IMPROVE THE QUALITY caused primarily by grading, construction, and the OF STORMWATER RUNOFF. removal of vegetation. Increased stormwaterwater runoff and reductions Policies to achieve this goal are to: ► in groundwater recharge created by covering the NR1A. Establish a process for the development, soil with buildings, pavement, and other impervious surfaces. review, and approval of erosion- and sedimentation-control plans of single-family residential construction and similar small ► Excessive pumping of groundwater. projects. October 3,2000 Natural Resources Element 3 NR1B. Require development applicants to submit other agents or pollutants entering the and receive Public Works Department surface water system from agriculture, golf approval for erosion- and sediment-control course, and urban runoff. plans prior to undertaking grading activities. NR1 J. Encourage neighboring jurisdictions to adopt NR1C. Minimize soil erosion and sedimentation and enforce consistent erosion- and created during and after construction sediment-control measures. activities to the fullest extent practicable, immeimm using Best Management Practices (BMPs). GOAL DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN NR1D. Make project monitoring and enforcement ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLIES activities a priority to ensure that erosion- 1V N R2 FOR DOMESTIC AND FIRE- control measures are in place prior to the SUPPRESSION PURPOSES. start of the rainy season and function properly and effectively: Policies to achieve this goal are to: ► Installed properly. NR2A. Continue to evaluate options for increasing I. In place prior to the start of the rainy the City's and other water providers' water season. supplies, including, but not limited to, acquiring additional allocations from the ► Functional and effective. Sacramento River,development of additional wells,and enhancement of water-storage and NR1E. Aggressively pursue immediate remediation treatment facilities. when erosion damage is discovered and/or initial control measures fail. NR2B. Encourage water-conservation practices including, but not limited to, use of: NR1F. Establish and levy fines for failure to comply with the requirements of the Grading ► A tiered pricing system for water which Ordinance and/or an approved erosion- and is tied to the amount consumed by a sediment-control plan. household or business. NR1G. Support and/or jointly sponsor erosion- and Native plants or other plants with low sedimentation-control training and water requirements in public and private education activities in conjunction with the development projects. development community. ► Drip irrigation systems. NR1H. Ensure that employees responsible for monitoring and enforcing the City's Grading ► "Gray water" for landscape irrigation if Ordinance receive adequate training approved by Shasta County. regarding erosion- and sediment-control practices. NR2C. Utilize water reclamation projects in landscape and agricultural uses if approved NR1I. Work with Shasta County and other by the California Regional Water Quality regional, State, and Federal agencies to Control Board and State Department of reduce the amount of toxic chemicals and Health Services. NR2D. Support efforts to limit exportation of surface water to other areas of the State and to protect local water rights. 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 immimmo NR4C. Work with appropriate local, State, and G 0 A L PRESERVE AND PROTECT THE Federal agencies to ensure that those QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF responsible for soil, surface-water, and/or GROUNDWATER RESOURCES groundwater contamination are required to NR3 WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA. initiate, monitor, and complete full remediation activities. Policies to achieve this goal are to: NR4D. Work with Shasta County and other appropriate agencies to educate the public NR3A. Provide maximum groundwater-recharge and business owners regarding proper opportunities by maintaining the natural handling and disposal of hazardous materials condition of waterways and floodplains to the and household hazardous wastes. extent feasible given flood-control requirements. NR4E. Establish and enforce penalties for illegal dumping of both hazardous and NR3B. Comply with the Regional Water Quality nonhazardous materials. Control Board's regulations and standards to maintain and improve groundwater quality in BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES the Planning Area. Unlike many urban areas, the Redding Planning Area NR3C. Support the preparation of a groundwater contains a variety of biological and wildlife resources. management plan for the Redding Generalized habitat mapping of the Planning Area has Groundwater Basin that will address long- been completed through the use of three different term sustainability of the resource. processes: Satellite Imagery Mapping, Riparian Mapping, and Vernal Pool Complex Mapping. NR3D. Support efforts to prevent exportation of Methodology for both the Riparian and Vernal Pool groundwater to other areas of the State and Complex mapping efforts involved the use of infrared to retain local control over the resource. aerial photos and field surveys. Although this data should not be considered site-specific, it does provide NR3E. Work with appropriate State, Federal, and a reasonably accurate composite of basic habitat types local agencies to protect, improve, and and their general distribution throughout the Planning enhance groundwater quality in the region. Area. GOAL PREVENT AND REMEDY Major habitat types or communities within the SURFACE - WATER , Planning Area include: GROUNDWATER, AND SOIL ► Woodland (Blue Oak-Grey/Digger Pine). NR4 CONTAMINATION. ► Annual Grasslands. Mixed Chaparral. Policies to achieve this goal are to: ▪ Riparian. ► Aquatic. NR4A. Discourage the establishment of any new 0. Vernal Pools. septic systems, except in areas where Wetlands. residential densities are low (1-5 units per Irrigated Agriculture and Urban Vegetation. acre and larger) and soils are suitable for septic system use. For purposes of this General Plan,the following habitat types are considered sensitive and require special NR4B. Continue to accept, recycle, and/or properly consideration when developing within or in proximity dispose of household hazardous wastes of them: riparian,vernal pools, aquatic, and wetlands. through ongoing operation of the City's Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program. October 3,2000 Natural Resources Element 5 These habitats support a variety of both plant and NR5C. Maintain and update data and information animal species, some of which are classified as special regarding areas of significant biological value status species. Special status species include: within the Planning Area to: P. Species that are listed or proposed for listing as Provide critical information to the Threatened or Endangered under the State or community. Federal Endangered Species Acts. P. Facilitate resource conservation. P. Species that meet the definition of rare,unique,or endangered under the California Environmental P. Facilitate appropriate management of Quality Act (CEQA). development activities. immimmomm ► Species listed as "Species of Special Concern" by PROTECT "SPECIAL STATUS" PLANT the California Department of Fish and Game G 0 A L AND ANIMAL SPECIES;PRESERVE AND (DFG). PROTECT CREEK CORRIDORS, RIPARIAN AREAS, VERNAL POOLS, Potential impacts to sensitive habitats and/or special NR6 AND WETLANDS. status species must be mitigated in accordance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act. Policies to achieve this goal are to: Because the potential for finding special status species NR6A. Preserve watercourses,vernal pools,riparian is particularly high in vernal pools and vernal pool habitat,and wetlands in their natural state to complexes,Figure 3-1 shows the approximate locations the extent feasible. Fully mitigate of known vernal pool resources. These resources are unavoidable adverse impacts such as wetland located within the Stillwater Creek and Clover Creek filling or disturbance. basins. Note that this figure is not intended to NR6B. Provide adequate buffering of sensitive represent the locations of all vernal pools within the habitats whenever necessary. Buffer size Planning Area. Proper field documentation by a should be based upon the type of habitat as qualified biologist or botanist must be provided with all well as its size and habitat value. development proposals located in areas considered to have a high probability of containing vernal pools. NR6C. Ensure that uses allowed within riparian corridors: GOAL PRESERVE AND PROTECT THE P. Minimize the creation of erosion, SIGNIFICANT HABITATS, PLANTS, sedimentation, and increased runoff. AND WILDLIFE THAT EXIST IN THE NR5 PLANNING AREA. ► Emphasize retention and enhancement of natural riparian vegetation. Policies to achieve this goal are to: ► Provide for unimpaired passage of fish NR5A. Minimize the disruption of sensitive habitat and wildlife. caused by new development by encouraging P. Avoid activities or development of new innovative design and site planning and features that result in disturbance or establishing performance standards for dispersal of wildlife. habitat protection. P. Avoid channelization. NR5B. Work to preserve and enhance fisheries in the Sacramento River and those streams or P. Avoid substantial interference with stream segments identified on Figure 3-2. surface and subsurface flows. P. Incorporate natural vegetation buffers. 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 14 ill F 1 "t couYER �i v.\4“ 29 61,0 Cp��EGE v1Ew 0 0 rn0 0 B ON ��� 4 `P 4 v -p 411.1 .Ili i OLD ALTURAS y *\ irJrDN ' 1 gi � ;� CYPRESS _A tg 13 -L i II ,,� HARTNELL f� I sRL. w Iiiz I > •., = ce (n -"- U 0 o U = Q H pNN,N\Ew RANCh�O , • oySO • .. , U ik 1 Y X •s U I— Z \ , CL ' ,tel GIRVAN / 2 a 'DING ICIPL• ORTA4. I "� t. ._ksti , A Ihrl ' .1,41 .'''.‘' MEADOWVIE \ ,' DERSCH i. c13 s� o p. VERNAL POOLS s i D:\GP\VERNAL Figure 3-1 Major Vernal Pool Complexes N w E Natural Resources October 3,2000 7 8 SHASTA DAM i. •'. '1,, Iii 4.0 10 � 4 P° z o _ WACKeR 4 11- �Z 04i ,� c.S- • _ r • • r % <`.‘ • ifi 5::. - • .73 �, GP �i1 n O 7 •�''• • r• QUA'? •, fF • jA tjjj. j al HILL �' '�..., ♦ • 0 ; �-- */ "4 �'� , �f ♦ SHASTA ♦ SR 299 17 ES .�,DSM �O Z !� Z ♦• OMMUNITt>♦ • �\G < • OLLEGE ■ \ - Cid �.. r•l, r� /re F� DYER .i ■ .r 0 NI- e<yo %�, �J GO �� of, p E.G,v�EW 1 .. ? ♦ /� co o • 1 i, o. BENTON .E� O j r MIDDLE CREEK 42- 1 z ♦• I 771_ �, SR ?y, w , (l,�'!'EUREKA a �.A *y ,_ . OLD ALTURAS I y 11 ,►� • 1 ' G ,i• :`Va tom_ i0"r, .. t ♦• 1 to cr j la **atif: . i -z. o uur FIV AIRP AR& „„„,.. -,i, •• INN . KII II ♦ �• % .0 ilhi • ELL/7 II lii - t IIII�`� • • SR 44 CAN EEK - 3 IL, %♦ 1. k ■ se vco z im : N .F°�� ' � • •, co N GUS'0.94-- ICH li . 1 U ?� , • • Q • til X111///// _ j A ��� ` /,` V" m ■ r as LI' %M '•i SSE TIER f.m W.IJ�EW l ` RANCHO 1 i ... !A. I///o BRAN ■/I� 5 B•ON '‘,..7\ t •IN m •{//t OLNEY CREEK j 73 Y`��� c C',y \ i n _ es 73 �/!t EEK A~.2�� i o •m • PSL GR i 3/.eZ4s- a 10D 0 GIR :. t 115 00. Iii ,,% • � �I ••• CLEAR CREEK siva 41 / ss / ?_,r •\ ■ 1 \ • ♦ 1 • I � •• • •• _ REDDING ♦• ,•,.41.34.- \ MUNICIPAL �'�'-� AR CREEK QD AIRPORT •+ GLE P•P • ♦♦ 1 • •• ♦ • DERSCH ♦ 14$1..4 it FISHERIES •-•. STREAM sRus ;•. y� F'P t Z 9f F ,P D:\GP\FlSHERIE Figure 3-2 Fisheries N w E Natural Resources Element 8 s October 3,2000 NR6D. Amend the Municipal Code to implement NR7A. Promote existing native oaks, especially minimum river and creek corridor valley oaks, by establishing standards for the development setbacks (buffer areas) in design of development projects. The accordance with Figure 3-3. These setbacks preservation of stands of trees within may be modified based on project/resource- developments is preferred over preservation of individual trees, with the exception of special-status species and heritage trees. Top of Bank NR7B. Identify and establish appropriate "tree A PI '. ' mitigation areas" to be used for the planting of native trees in concert with development ii I project mitigation. ril D ., IPIGOALRECOGNIZE ANPROTECT HABITAT Buffer;.. >- LINKAGES AND MIGRATORY Area ' NR8 CORRIDORS. Creek Corridor - (Floodplain) Policies to achieve this goal are to: NR8A. Maintain, where possible, the habitat specific circumstances and appropriate linkages/wildlife corridors and sensitive mitigation. These buffer areas should be habitats that are created by the open-space dedicated or a permanent conservation ("Greenway") network established by this easement granted to the City as a General Plan. Require development in areas condition of development approval. depicted as "Greenway"on the General Plan Diagram to consider corridor impacts and, NR6E. Strive to conserve all"special status species" where necessary, provide alternate usable within the Planning Area. Ensure links between habitat types or areas and/or implementation of statutory protection for provide alternate development plans that these species. avoid the open-space network and sensitive habitats. NR6F. Support public and private efforts to establish habitat mitigation banks, habitat NR8B. Maintain and preserve other natural habitat conservation plans,conservation easements, linkages and wildlife corridors in the City and other mechanisms that serve to protect where feasible. Discourage development sensitive habitats and species. impacts to these linkages and corridors and fully mitigate associated unavoidable adverse NR6G. Ensure implementation of policies and impacts. regulations for protection of those wildlife species having statutory protection under local, State, and/or Federal laws. G 0 A L PROMOTE AND FACILITATE HABITAT PRESERVATION, minno RESTORATION , AND G 0 A L RECOGNIZE THE AESTHETIC AND NR9 ENHANCEMENT. BIOLOGICAL VALUES OF OAK WOODLANDS AND OTHER NATURAL NR7 VEGETATION. Policies to achieve this goal are to: mommeom NR9A. Encourage the acquisition, preservation, Policies to achieve this goal are to: restoration, and enhancement of native October 3,2000 Natural Resources Element 9 SHASTA DAM •'♦ S •♦i` 0♦ ' .a ♦♦•• . 4..0.:. r f 2 0 .•. t 0 �� `T ♦ y(Q + (....______ 0 $m (7 ` F �•4 ••♦'i�A • b cam^• _,3 tF .cam iv , •• cam • • GUAR• ♦♦♦♦•,� ..� a ••x •• • klt4 • •m f ST• ■ �\C,I-•DAM C. Ii Z •• C SR Zg9 • f DYER C 1114.....p G "•�� GE 1EW a Q(44/i7? � 4• , CO E N o ■ .0 ♦ ••.M 3 "c•14' MIDDLE CREEK .111110 Jr NTO i ;� � 0 : COa e. C+ Es i oLD• T RAs • • G SR 299 W.. G ,4 i* 1414,-- ��� Ili ��ii • I arc' �t • l�~► r ~® • 7 13 A.c.,°' 0 NA 0 ...,1 A a piRP�K tip•'1�� •• • •• HAR• ELL 1.. ).„,„,.\,,,. ••e&�` !� i sR 44 h- •••C44/�.ON GRA i■: • •• SIM •• ! • CI — %. O ■ r� J • °�� •• ♦C�...•ULC. - NI •• o S .• Q , •� ♦♦i pµ51E�ER 1... ��� • .=CHO ■ .... • OR ■f µNSF' 4 s • D • ••..••t•,. .‘. 7 OLNEY CREEK .. f�Oµ '•Y C'S 1 ••m 40 G n 00- ow ...IOW.. PpL GREEK + j wi►.� ,c-, _ *m 1AO CIR3 ' z •c''..•• Z RING U ( MUIPAL //' : AIR RT ••♦ •4 0_ w : _ CREEK f aro• •w �r • II CLEAR �'f O � • % �• 7 ''.='= •'0 : • ■A* w • CLEAR CREEK op :•♦ • . ■.o '._ •• Planning Area Boundary \\ •• = DERSCH • •• •■■se Main Tributaries _ —__�� 50 toot development setback from Sacramento River sq riparian dripline or 100 feet from Minimum 75 foot development setback „,',r 1- bank bank which ever is greater. from riparin drip line or 150 feet from bank ^,p which ever is greater. J.N. z Secondary Tributaries Water orientated commercial projects '�F 25 foot development setback from in the Cypress Avenue,Park Manna,and s = riparian dripline or 50 feet from Convention Center areas which may have D:\GP\CRKBUFF bank which ever is greater. reduced setbacks Figure 3-3 River And Creek Corridor Buffer Widths N vv E Natural Resources Element 10 s October 3,2000 vegetation with a focus on wetlands and slopes (greater than 20 percent) and areas within the riparian habitat that will improve the 100-year floodplain of the Sacramento River or its biological value and integrity of the City's tributaries. In the interest of public safety and to natural resources. Encourage native reduce the potential for loss of life or property damage landscape in unvegetated, manmade areas from wildland fires or floods, it is essential that such as along streets and in abandoned lots. development restrictions be applied within these hazard areas. NR9B. Encourage education and community involvement in the protection and PRESERVE AREAS CONTAINING enhancement of local biological resources. G 0 A L EXCESSIVE SLOPES OR 100-YEAR FLOODPLAINS AS OPEN SPACE TO OPEN SPACE PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE AND NR10 PROPERTY DAMAGE AND TO In addition to protecting life and property, open-space PROVIDE VALUABLE HABITAT AND areas are essential to the health and livability of a RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES. community. Open space may consist of developed and undeveloped parklands (see Recreation Element). Policies to achieve this goal are to: Open-space lands also include natural areas, either public or private,that have been set aside in perpetuity NR10A. Require as a condition of development for their ecological, visual, or safety-related aspects. approval public dedication (in fee)of flood- prone lands adjacent to the Sacramento Redding is fortunate to have an extensive open-space River and those tributary streams identified network. The heart of this network is the Sacramento on Figure 3-3. Exceptions to this policy may River. Into the river flows numerous tributary streams be made based on: (1) the provisions of any that,for the most part, originate in steep terrain to the adopted specific plan or (2) approval by the west and north of the city. Policies of this and past City in consideration of special General Plans have set aside these slope and stream- circumstances unique to a flood-prone area side areas from development. Together,they represent where the extent of flooding is largely many square miles of open space. These lands are dictated by inadequate drainage depicted on the General Plan Diagram as "Greenway" improvements, where an entire parcel is and are subject to the development constraints constrained by floodplain, and/or where the proposed by this Plan. Figure 3-4 depicts the open- flooding occurs within a developed area. space lands that were under direct public control at the time this Plan was adopted. NR1 OB. Preserve land publicly dedicated under Policy NR10A as open space. Development in While open space is valuable in and of itself, these areas will be restricted to passive, low- connectivity and public accessibility enhance this value impact uses that minimize removal of existing appreciably. Policies contained in the Community vegetation and maintain or increase the Development and Design Element address the need to existing habitat value, while providing provide public access to these open-space corridors. adequate protection from wildland fires. The Recreation Element calls for the development of a comprehensive Trail Master Plan that will eventually NR10C. Require, as a condition of development afford all citizens access to and through many natural approval, that private open-space easements areas that seem remote from the hustle and bustle of be established for significant areas of city life. nondeveloped lands that exceed a slope of 20 percent. Use public dedications and/or As discussed in detail within the Health and Safety trail easements when necessary to connect Element, the Redding Planning Area contains several these areas to existing or proposed public natural features which are considered hazardous for open space. development. These include areas containing excessive October 3,2000 Natural Resources Element 11 SHASTA DAM h ��� A.. 2 y , U P �4� O 7 WqokER ���', I :2 boy o j:oi, i c.TI _ / I 4 OUA li / - RTZ hl tC ��" / Cr / SHASTA H MMUNITY 1 COLLEGE 299E f ,� DAM Z -..- 1 ® SR I VF'\G ` �r jI i ‘I 4 �'V"F 4 COER e�yD �� GE VVEW �/ I °•••.. , . G01.1I ! I 4110 \\ � • ON Z 1� OLD AL RAS SR 299 w 4.� ct* 1 I lir MI I rr , • ,"lid . 0 Sia •IN lige I 1174rdif ION! BL AVRPAR ilia 44 I HARTNELL (,� a .� i� SR w ,_ i lli \ U ._CC F 52 es.r C1_ 1 N 1 pl U TER1rj' / NCHO %/BRp,�dS REDDING RCREEK ir ! ,/4 1 w.v ii-m 1 ' j ih b, � . v.o i l . \P- 1 / 1\ .• ��s •ERSCH PLAN AREA BOUNDARY s' �% ? ® PRIME FARMLAND �� `�� es kr'..‘ -Z 9fs a .1` Z D:\GP\PRIM FARM Figure 3-4 Prime Farmland N w E Natural Resource Element s 12 October 3,2000 moimin State and local registers,either as individual structures GOAL PROMOTE THE PRESERVATION AND or as historic districts. APPROPRIATE PUBLIC USE OF KEY _ OPEN-SPACE LANDS WITHIN THE NR11 COMMUNITY. G 0 A L PROTECT AND ENHANCE HISTORICAL AND CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES WITHIN Policies to achieve this goal are to: NR12 THE PLANNING AREA. NR11A. Develop a Comprehensive Open Space Plan that addresses the following items: Policies to achieve this goal are to: ▪ Framework for open-space lands. NR12A. Ensure protection of prehistoric, cultural, and archaeological resources during the P. Role of public and private open-space lands. development process. P. Agricultural land preservation. NR12B. Refer development proposals that may ▪ Important ecological areas. adversely affect archaeological sites to the California Archaeological Inventory, 1. Acquisitions and management of public Northeast Information Center, at Chico open-space land. State University. ARCHAEOLOGICAL, HISTORIC, AND NR12C. Encourage public and private efforts to CULTURAL RESOURCES identify, preserve, protect and/or restore historic buildings,structures,landmarks,and Due to the presence of the Sacramento River and its important cultural resources. numerous tributary creeks,the Redding Planning Area NR12D. The City shall not knowingly approve any has a relatively high potential for cultural resources. public or private project that may adversely The river, creeks, and old river terraces are prime affect an archaeological site without first locations for cultural resource sites, both prehistoric consulting the Archaeological Inventory, and historic. Through records kept at the Northeast Northeast Information Center,conducting a Information Center at California State University, site evaluation as may be indicated, Chico, 213 prehistoric sites have been located and and attempting to mitigate any adverse documented. Two archaeological sites have been listed impacts according to the recommendations on the National Register of Historic Places. Many of a qualified archaeologist. City more sites are likely to exist and could be susceptible to implementation of this policy shall be guided inadvertent destruction during construction and by Appendix "K" of the CEQA Guidelines. development activities if precautions are not implemented. MINERAL RESOURCES Redding also has numerous historic structures dating Mineral deposits within the Planning Area consist of from the late Victorian period and good examples of copper, gold, tungsten, and gravel. In addition, the architecture dating from the 1920s to the 1940s, area around the Redding Municipal Airport contains including Art Deco and Works Progress Administration gas-bearing strata. The westerly portion of the (WPA) period buildings. Only three of the City's Planning Area has been mined in the past for placer historic structures (Old City Hall-1313 Market and lode gold, tungsten, and copper. Most previous Street; Pine Street School-1135 Pine Street; and the mining efforts did not prove to be economically viable. Frisbie House-1246 East Street) have been listed on However, this is likely to change in the future as the the National Register of Historic Places. However, value of precious metals continues to increase. Gravel- many more of the City's historic structures would likely bearing deposits exist along the Sacramento River, qualify for nomination to the National Register or other October 3,2000 Natural Resources Element 13 Clear Creek,Olney Creek,Churn Creek,and Stillwater ENSURE AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF Creek. G 0 A L MINERAL RESOURCES TO MEET LONG-TERM REGIONAL NEEDS. In 1997, the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (DMG) published a NR13 PROTECT CRITICAL MINERAL DMG Open File Report 97-03 entitled, Mineral Land RESOURCE AREAS FROM Classification of Alluvial Sand and Gravel,Crushed Stone, ENCROACHMENT BY INCOMPATIBLE Volcanic Cinders,Limestone,and Diatomite Within Shasta LAND USES. County, California. The primary purpose of the report is to identify the known or inferred mineral potential of Policies to achieve this goal are to: lands within the County to ensure that the mineral potential of land is recognized by local government NR13A. Focus mineral resource-protection efforts in decision-makers and considered before land use areas identified with a "Critical Mineral decisions are made that could preclude future mining. Resource Overlay" on the General Plan The report also contains 50-year projections for Diagram. Remove the "Critical Mineral population and per capita consumption of aggregate Resource Overlay" when the mineral and a comparison between the estimated 50-year resource is exhausted and reclamation aggregate demand and current reserves. completed. The findings of the report indicate that current known NR13B. Maintain current information regarding the concrete-grade alluvial aggregate reserves within Shasta status and location of mineral deposits within County are calculated to be approximately 30.3 million the Planning Area. tons. Based on a historic aggregate consumption rate NR13C. Prohibit incompatible development in or of 8.0 tons per person per year, the report estimates near areas designated "Critical Mineral that current known reserves are likely to be depleted Resource Overlay." Residential uses within within 17 years. This information highlights the overlay areas should be limited to importance of protecting both known and inferred 1.0 dwelling unit per 40 acres. deposits from encroachment by potentially incompatible land uses. NR13D. Require a use permit to establish new mining operations. The use permit shall contain Land classifications utilized in the referenced DMG conditions necessary to protect the public report are presented in the form of Mineral Resource health, safety, and welfare; to minimize Zones (MRZs). Each zone type relates to the degree of impacts on adjacent land uses; and to knowledge about a mineral resource occurrence and mitigate other potential adverse the economic characteristics of the deposits. Areas of environmental impacts. identified mineral resource significance, either demonstrated/measured or inferred, are classified as NR13E. Outside Critical Mineral Resource Overlay MRZ-2a or MRZ-2b. areas (but within areas classified as Mineral Resource Zones MRZ2a and/or MRZ2b by Although most areas along the Sacramento River are the State Division of Mines and Geology), classified as MRZ-2a or 2b in the 1997 DMG Report, mining may be permitted in the in-stream, the presence of existing incompatible development will floodplain, or gravel bar areas of a river or preclude mineral-extraction activities in those creek provided removal of sand and gravel is: locations. Conversely, areas classified as MRZ-2a and 2b, where mineral-extraction activities are considered Conducted during a declared civil or feasible,have been designated with a"Critical Mineral hazardous material emergency or natural Resources Overlay" on the General Plan Diagram. disaster to relieve or correct potential hazards to the public health, safety, or welfare caused by such emergency or disaster. 14 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 ► For removal of dredger tailings for businesses at the lowest possible rates, while reclamation purposes only. maintaining system reliability in an environmentally responsible manner. System planning and needed 1. To protect a public structure, such as a facilities are addressed in the Public Facilities and bridge, when it is determined to be Services Element. However, there is also a need to necessary by the public entity responsible encourage conservation and the use of alternative for said structure. forms of energy, such as solar, to ensure that energy resources are utilized responsibly and long-term ► To remove a buildup of sand and gravel demands can be met. A similar emphasis on to maintain the channel capacity and conservation should be promoted for all nonrenewable prevent flooding. energy sources. For Items 2, 3, and 4 above, the use Another important energy-conservation strategy is to permit and reclamation plan for mining actively pursue the benefits obtained from resource- of said areas shall be based on a stream recovery and recycling programs. It is well-documented management program, prepared by that in most instances, the reuse of materials utilizes qualified professionals in appropriate less energy (and resources) than producing products disciplines, which includes data and from raw materials. analysis to show that: • There will be no significant adverse REDUCE CONSUMPTION OF impact on in-stream habitat;riparian GOAL NONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES habitat; wetlands; or rare, AND SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT threatened,or endangered species of NR14 AND UTILIZATION OF NEW ENERGY fish, wildlife, or plants. SOURCES. • There will be no significant adverse Policies to achieve this goal are to: impact on existing structures, including bridges or levees. NR14A. Provide an electric usage analysis and efficiency recommendations for those • There will be no significant increase customers who request the service. in bank erosion, deposition, or flooding. NR14B. Encourage electric utility customers to alter their consumption of electric power to • There will be no significant adverse reduce the City's overall and peak electric impacts to surrounding properties, load. including, but not limited to, noise, visual impacts, dust, and similar NR14C. Explore the commercial viability of impacts. extracting natural gas resources within the vicinity of the Redding Municipal Airport. ENERGY RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION NR14D. Continue current source-reduction, recycling, and composting programs that are Electricity within the City limits is provided by the City contained in the joint County of Shasta,City of Redding through its transmission and distribution of Redding, and City of Anderson Source system. Natural gas—and electric service within the Reduction and Recycling Element. (This remainder of the Planning Area—is provided by Pacific element is not a part of this General Plan.) Gas and Electric Company (PG&F). The City's goal is to provide electric service to both residents and NR14E. Encourage design that takes advantage of solar orientation and access. October 3,2000 Natural Resources Element 15 AGRICULTURAL LANDS the Planning Area. These soils are depicted on Figure 3-5. The source of information on soils within the Planning Area used for this General Plan is limited to the soil maps prepared by the Natural Resource Conservation G 0 A L Service (NRCS) and the California Department of PROMOTE THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY Y OF AGRICULTURE IN AREAS SUITED Conservation (CDC) Important Farmland Series NR15 FOR AGRICULTURAL USE. Mapping and Monitoring Program. The NRCS classification system organizes soils into Policies to achieve this goal are to: eight major capability classes designated by Roman numerals I through VIII. Class I and II soils are NR15A. Protect existing prime agricultural soils considered "prime" and have the fewest limitations in outside the primary and secondary growth terms of range of use. The other soil classifications areas and freeway interchange areas with lot have progressively greater natural limitations. sizes (five acres and larger) capable of The CDC Important Farmland Series Mapping and supporting agricultural operations. Monitoring Program designates important farmlands in NR15B. Discourage the cancellation of Williamson California based on NRCS soil surveys and available Act contracts until it is demonstrated that land use data. This system is also classified into eight the lands with such contracts will be needed categories including Prime Farmland, Farmland of for urban development in the immediate Statewide Importance,Unique Farmland, Farmland of future. Local Importance, Grazing Land, Urban Land, Other Land, and Land Committed to Incompatible Uses. NR15C. Establish performance criteria to minimize Acreages associated with each CDC system category impacts of urban development near existing and its percentage of the total acreage of the Planning income-producing agricultural lands on Area are summarized in Table 9-1 in the General Plan agricultural practices and reduce conflicts Background Report. between urban and agricultural uses. According to the referenced information, there are approximately 5,019 acres of Prime Farmland within 16 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 H cil a1 a w i ' I S afe Etc tate t d Safety Ele Health d : ' 9 I ► Crime Prevention. INTRODUCTION Airport-Related Hazards. ► Emergency Response. ► Hazardous Materials. PURPOSE AND CONTENT ► Critical, Sensitive, and High-Occupancy Safety hazards can occur as either a result of the actions Facilities. of nature or works of man. The intent of the Health and Safety Element is to document potential hazards • Evacuation Routes. that must be considered when planning the location, type, and density of development throughout the AUTHORITY Planning Area. A major objective is to reduce loss of life, injuries, and property damage which could result Pursuant to Government Code Section 65302(g), a from a range of both natural and manmade hazards. general plan is required to include: Background data and information for this element are A Safety Element for the protection of the contained within Chapter 10 of the City of Redding community from any unreasonable risks General Plan Background Report. associated with the effects of seismically induced surface rupture, ground-shaking, Specific topics addressed within the Policy Document ground failure, tsunami, seiche, and dam include: failure; slope instability leading to mudslides and landslides; subsidence and other geologic ► Seismic and Geologic Hazards. hazards known to the legislative body; flooding; and wildland and urban fires. It ► Flood Hazards. shall also address evacuation routes, peak- load, water-supply requirements, and ► Dam Failure Inundation. minimum road widths and clearances around structures as those items relate to identified ► Urban and Wildland Fire Hazards. fire and geologic hazards. October 3,2000 Health and Safety Element 1 horizontal motion), are not considered to pose a significant hazard within the Planning Area. GOALS AND POLICIES Information contained within Chapter 9 of the City of Redding General Plan Background Report, indicates that approximately 11,000 acres within the Planning Area contain erosive soils (soils with the greatest SEISMIC AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS potential for erosion, particularly when disturbed by construction or vegetation removal). These soils are Most of the background information concerning typically found on slopes exceeding 15 percent. seismic safety within the Planning Area has been derived from a detailed report entitled Seismic Hazards Seiches (earthquake generated waves within a lake, Assessment for the City of Redding, California,prepared reservoir, or bay) could potentially be generated in both Shasta Lake and Whiskeytown Lake due to very by Woodward-Clyde Federal Services in 1995. That report notes that there are several faults located in the strong ground shaking. The effects of such seiches active would depend on the local conditions at the time. If Redding region and suggests that there are no faults within 30 miles of the City. However, since its either reservoir were filled to capacity, there could be some amount of overspill, most likely by way of the publication, the Redding area has had numerous earthquake events with the strongest reported at a dam spillways rather than by overtopping the dams themselves. It would require a seiche of over 65 feet magnitude 3.5. Little is known about the fault responsible for these events, except that it is located in height to overtop Shasta Dam,even if the reservoir were filled to capacity. In the case of Lake Shasta, it approximately five miles northwest of Redding at a depth of 15.7 miles. is anticipated that Keswick Dam would regulate the excess flow into the Sacramento River, thereby To date, the largest historical earthquake observed in minimizing any inundation hazard. the Redding region was the 1940 magnitude 5.7 Chico event. However, geologic and geophysical evidence Redding is distant enough from the three active cannot preclude the possibility of a larger earthquake. Cascade volcanoes in the region (Lassen Peak,Mount The Woodward-Clyde study reports that the largest Shasta,and Medicine Lake Volcano) that it is unlikely that the Planning Area would be significantly affected potential earthquake which may affect Redding is a magnitude 7 event. by a volcanic eruption. In the case of an eruption of Mount Shasta,volcanic ash may fall into the northern part of the Planning Area,and minor seiches could be Of the various seismic hazards that could impact the generated in Lake Shasta by debris flows into the arms Planning Area, ground-shaking and liquefaction (transformation of water-saturated granular soils to a of the lake where its tributaries enter. liquid state during ground-shaking) are the most significant. Areas with the highest potential for liquefaction are located along the Sacramento River G 0 A L MINIMIZE THE LOSS OF LIFE, IN and its tributaries. Sites with low liquefactionJURY, AND PROPERTY DAMAGE potential are generally located in the gently sloping DUE TO SEISMIC AND GEOLOGIC areas between the river and the foothills. Sites within HS 1 HAZARDS. the foothills are considered to have no liquefaction potential. Figures 4-1 and 4-2 identify areas prone to ground-shaking and liquefaction, respectively. Policies to achieve this goal are to: Seismically-triggered landslides are possible within the HS 1 A. Continue to require that new structures westernmost part of the Planning Area. Other types and alterations to existing structures of ground failure,including expansive soils (those that comply with the seismic safety swell when wet and shrink as they dry) and subsidence requirements of the Uniform Building (gradual settling or sinking of an area with little or no Code (UBC);adopt updated provisions of 2 City of Redding 2000.2020 General Plan October 3,2000 SHASTA DAM n c 2 '2' tir V t (...L____A iSkkep Nt, . ,,.1 , Jo, �cA y , . , OUAg2 Hitt „,,it ,, A , S E '-".-I i ) �1� CCOLLEC- ) S., R 299 + A ... , 4 , -_, . ‘40Altioet-, kt**_,,,A0 **-- 4, - A ii 1 IA V s\ � �e�, A 41.1 1 $R 299 w � iiiirenvzo=wii;;-'14414111 � �� 14 ktirt , t- '- ,, itt Ir iptvitolto,-,:Atim lir vil GF IS71.tiellorfik� \IA SR viii i -- --.r >\,L-, tit L i. Irt \\.' 444,4 , #1,,- ow v ,) ,wt o.,,,,,- - 1..Nv. 1- L 4,r km eitiu- -6 1 Iia � ,� Cr„ , �d� ../...AT-fil pr Vp 1p ( .1 4 ` fainylletk„4,4t, .-.vk A4 a �� \ 1/4 N.i( I I ikt. ..: jr7;404101jc a 411" .” ---P T, .,,‘A., \\! ESTIMATED LEVEIS OF GROUND SHAKING 'IV )i %l`� KI DRESSED AS PEAK HORIZONTAL ACCELERATION 4alrelitc:411 (UNITS in g [980 cm/eec2]) \� A V \ D 'SCH” 0.15 - 0.45 8 'P?› \\ .. a�� B J �����: 0.15 - 0.95E �+ C et, 0.10 - 0.90 = PLAN AREA BOUNDARY 9-, a ,r D:\GP\SEISMIC Figure 41 Ground Shaking Potential N "' a Health And Safety Element October 3,5000 3 SHASTA DAM / pS'r`�L._. ,.. ._.\\ w'1(k �cr o I -,/ °(,ARS Mi(( irt f,-, 5 A \G.i. CO"Ai z OLMI..EC'y/' SR 99 E '1.111: 4 AR ..1,,,,,,,,....„..„ . ,,,„. cou_. 410, . .: , ill \ ‘. :„...;., ..... .4.:: ./ Ze' A. lea -.‘r //////////%iiiiiiiii// .. .. il,/..."4-:., �' Ili SR?8gW �� V,/ /,/ilkv 0®�' ,'\1".> �%' '�. ,I�I ~firiir I. ,,.-r,o IA Zit -4 ,/1.1; j irsim / i 1 717:11s K , "' w.1 i 6tior ill II ���� ., ' t �, SR 44 , , . ',cili , 11111111h- www 4. N . Q viii ii/// ',1� /i - •� ER �II,./. . j i /..•;• ill RANCHO f ,..7 /,,, " ‘:,4./;,,,. :, 4:1:/..,,,, ..---... 7,,. re ihi., .1". 4 ..,/,,,...v i, ci. ce A / 1 /"N.. z4/0.. / /;.1,,4 % `; i `�P k\.../% DERSCH ?.J ,,,///j' �� PLAN AREA BOUNDARY ® HIGH UQUEFACTION POTENTIAL �-73� Z 7 o d. i D:\CP\UQPOT Figure 4-2 Liquefaction Potential N w E Health And Safety Element 4 $ October 3,2000 the UBC related to seismic safety as they than does FEMA and to adopt specific policies become available. designed to reduce flood-hazard potential within the Planning Area. Part of this strategy is to require the HS1B. Require liquefaction mitigation plans for use of storm-water detention facilities to ensure that proposed developments, including flood levels do not increase in elevation. A regional necessary infrastructure in areas approach was determined to be preferable to relying on determined to have a "high" liquefaction individual project facilities; however, this approach is potential. complicated by the fact that significant portions of the region's creeks are located in the jurisdictions of the HS1C. Require determination of the landslide, City of Shasta Lake and the County of Shasta. slope-instability, and erosion potential of Figure 4-3 depicts the 100-year floodplains of the proposed development sites located in Sacramento River and its tributary streams as mapped potential hazard areas. Utilize building by the Citywide Master Storm Drain Study. setbacks, grading techniques, or appropriate measures when constructing in or near unstable areas. G 0 A L PROTECT THE LIVES AND FLOOD HAZARDS PROPERTY OF RESIDENTS AND HS2 VISITORS FROM FLOOD HAZARDS. The Redding Planning Area is traversed by the Sacramento River and a number of streams that are tributary to the river system, each of which has the Policies to achieve this goal are to: potential to damage property and/or result in loss of life from flooding. The Federal Emergency HS2A. Continue to participate in the National Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for Flood Insurance Program to ensure the mapping flood-prone areas under the National Flood availability of Federally-sponsored Insurance Program. FEMA uses a 100-year storm as floodplain insurance for City residents. the basis for its flood determinations and calculates probable inundation profiles for major drainages based HS2B. Continue efforts to reduce flood on existing land uses in each drainage. These profiles insurance premiums for City residents by are projected onto existing topography in each basin. restricting floodplain development and Most of the flooding information provided by FEMA participating in the Community Rating was prepared in 1998, using 1985 land use data in the Service Program. majority of the area's drainage basins. HS2C. Make maps available showing updated In 1993,the City undertook a comprehensive study of flood projections from a 100-year storm all major basins in the City, known as the Citywide event. Master Storm Drain Study (prepared by Montgomery- Watson), to ascertain the effect that post-1985 HS2D. Design both new development and development has had on flood levels. In most redevelopment projects to minimize instances, it was determined that flood elevations hazards associated with flooding. would be higher than those estimated by FEMA, due in large measure to increased urbanization in the area's HS2E. Strictly limit development in areas subject watersheds and more accurate information on storm to flooding from a 100-year storm event. intensity. Allow minor encroachments into floodplains only if it can be demonstrated In 1994, the Redding City Council took a proactive that such encroachments will not impact approach to protect flood-prone areas by amending the other properties or significantly contribute Municipal Code (Floodplain Ordinance) to recognize to a cumulative effect of other studies that establish a higher base flood elevation encroachments. October 3,2000 Health and Safety Element 5 SHASTA DAM h f { �u t _ ��� , lc, o I l E �� pij! (......____ is,A,.. , • �S s� f / I , t "' L ,. Hitt Ae''ill ... . rA t %i..DAM�:;' ... dart ., sR 299 E f�', GOu�ER i 1 0), �"W2 , `` 0 GE V\EW • ti 4. '/ \ 790 N70 Z 9 a SR 299 A OLD ALTU- • At, w !' r as:ce ..I_ a ow y Itifitli lia t ..:).. 13 it lir*110141 1011r4 ,111 ..:..::::::::..... -4 Tr 61 ..... .... .4 mITE ,:.- pill- -::::.:.i.:: 'e,"9'''''( ' 416 - ; li,, _ look • um IF 1 P.' l ,.. ` k iglif , ,' S(E i /, RANCHO X5,014:4\S gON , o i ;fir :• >s3r;:. i -a: / ¢ k; = a CLEAR CREEK ai }�� \ / I LEGEND \ �S� ` DERSCH ::> FEMA 100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN .. , ® MONTGOMERY WATSON FLOOD STUDY ��\ J -, <,,, 93 ., o -34 J = P:\GENPLAN\100FLD Figure 4-3 N w E 100 Year Flood Plain s 6 October 3,2000 HS2F. Continue to utilize the Storm Drain Dams and procedures for the efficient and Utility and Storm Drainage Construction orderly notification and evacuation of Tax, or similar measures, as funding potential dam inundation areas. mechanisms for necessary drainage improvements throughout the City. URBAN AND WILDLAND FIRE HAZARDS HS2G. Establish a regional storm-water detention The Redding area is subject to both urban and system at appropriate locations in area wildland fire hazards. watersheds in cooperation with adjacent jurisdictions. Storm-water basins should Many residential, commercial, and industrial be designed to allow passive or active structures within the City are subject to fire hazards recreational uses. Consider establishing related to electrical shorts,industrial accidents,arson, basins within those areas depicted in or simple carelessness. These risks are generally Figure 4-4. greatest in older structures constructed before strong building, zoning, and fire codes were enacted. HS2 H. Require new development to demonstrate that existing and/or planned (on- or off- Wildland fire hazards also exist within the numerous site) drainage facilities are sized to gulches and heavily wooded slopes found in the accommodate project storm runoff and to Planning Area. Areas of particular concern are those prevent off-site increase in peak runoff where wildland features and urban development rates and flood elevations. interface. The presence of urban uses adjacent to wildlands increases the potential for wildland fires and DAM FAILURE INUNDATION property damage or injury. These interfaces also allow fires to spread more rapidly to other urban and rural The Planning Area's position downstream from two areas. Portions of the Planning Area designated by the major dams (Shasta and Whiskeytown) places it in an State of California with the highest wildland fire unusual category of flood risk. According to 1994 potential are shown on Figure 4-7. modeling studies conducted by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, significant failure of Shasta Dam would have a catastrophic effect on low-lying G 0 A L MINIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR areas within the southern half of the Planning Area. LOSS OF LIFE, INJURY, AND Significant failure of Whiskeytown Dam would also be PROPERTY DAMAGE RESULTING extremely damaging to low-lying areas within the HS4 FROM URBAN AND WILDLAND southern third of the Planning Area. The anticipated FIRES. inundation resulting from the unlikely failure of Shasta Dam is shown on Figure 4-5. Similar information Policies to achieve this goal are to: relating to Whiskeytown Dam is shown on Figure 4-6. HS4A. Maintain an Insurance Service Office (ISO) rating of 3 or better. G 0 A L MINIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR CATASTROPHIC IMPACTS AS A HS4B. Require that all new development and RESULT OF REGIONAL DAM redevelopment meet State and local HS3 FAILURES. standards for fire protection; encourage ommimms the upgrade of existing structures to current standards. Policy to achieve this goal is to: HS4C. Work with local water districts to ensure HS3A. Ensure that the City's Disaster Response that district systems are developed, Plan includes procedures to address maintained, and monitored to provide potential flooding created by uncontrolled minimum fire-flow, rates, and peak-load releases from Shasta and Whiskeytown capacity for fire suppression. October 3,2000 Health and Safety Element 7 SHASTA DA • o w t 0 in .,,, o L-----` w4L)fR .r�`'- ti ,ir P'cy o O cg / c^ 1 / mGc÷�y RFF Ili %.i . es‘ 41.0,,, t 1 1 AI \ -P'. sg .199E ri s, ."oatink11610.0414111iiirr k r . Ci?tt 41kik6N.; difipi ..... .17 ( co.\ kpr 4I' `yam .„ ,,,.._, ,,, r� z SR 299 yy �` !� j a OLD ALT RAS 1.7 03 V)!i *')1,.111` CYPRESSeir, 1 „!ll. a wl 1 5R 44 /•, 1 yam •tiCRE %_�,fl� ,�_ ro�`.. QJ fEK 1� , in y ��1Th *rj � \ („Ft* w-H,-0 0,:,R . ING IRT AL 0 ..�� oo 'P1 \ DERSCH 3.4, .13J'r Z AREAS FOR POSSIBLE STORMWATER rSI� DETENTION AND/OR RETENTION FACILITIES us D:\GP\STORMDENT Figure 4-4 Storm Water Detention/Retention Feasibility Areas N w E Health And Safety Element s 8 October 3,2000 NASTA DAM • h �� O I W O '0 9 It-p, s 1 \) 1A - Jrpf A .... oUgRn �'� SHASTA COMMUNRY � 4.17..., COLLEGESR 299\�%. iS \C DAM •A S -ENC * o kii c -. -.4-- .. ,, �\ �� \ter z 7' G DLD AL RAS G Sr I CO 299 w �tA�sw � � � O italWit . Ut$:S,k • .,. AfrtK !I iiitfi.`' I ` , ppm :...............„ .., oG 1. I.: 44 SR� t\ Iw .11I �� 1.1.11 z il5 �\\ k �� N1 \ o Q `\\` r -. �`; RANCHO ` SPOSIt Ak rr re 4. ,AIIIIM. cLE-_.A.R.."1 s. CREEK "�� ' \11\\\ 'f ,�` ""1 ,s,::,,....,w,, .. •.. .„..,.. .„,..„,... .. •.... ,......z.....,.. . ..........,,,,, ,..„. ..... ..., ,,.... ..................„.... . ,,s..eH ... ....____ , ,. ..:.: \,...... .__=_. ..._,_ _____7._!.,..„„<__ .,..„ , •,..„. ..,.,.. ...z___,...,_... .,::(1, .%, ,, ._ ..,..s. ,::ts :.:i re A SHASTA DAM INUNDATION 4 1" D:\GP\DAMFAIL Figure 4-5 Inundation Area For Shasta Dam Failure N w E Health And Safety Element s October 3,2000 9 HASTA DAM • h tiW 0= W O ti 2 4�D/ O i(k fR c} (......______ _ if ' ,, (filou�„ kiii.z. SHASTA �^ f COMMUNITY r COLLEGE sR 299 \G,� DAM *42 ? o 4 R COYE _ GEV"� o � -O �.\ lit A �y Z P ^� SR 299 �' A ..c* OLD ALT RAS CO G WI 111 I OlititASritti.1.111 � 9V3 Mb K � INN§ ‘9,,. NRPB Y ,ifi� a� i 9 / ^ 1: SR iNlit 'Py " ■�t • 2 ,� 1' pit / 1!yQ' 4; __Ii 11 /�`� RANCHO sossl 0 Il k/./ ;j// j `% REDDING ,-4A111l111I%.P—// / iJ-.u.� // j/'% MUNICIPAL •,•;4!/,./,:.e,.,V i„../-''''„/. 1C_ /// � / AIRPORT j c.,.. IlkDERSCH h /jj j .74'.1%,,,,,,,- 7-, % /ce,,�i,, /, i j, WHISKEYTOWN DAM INUNDATION s % D:\GP\DAMFAIL Figure 4-6 Inundation Area For Whiskeytown Dam Failure N w E Health And Safety Element s 10 October 3,2000 A DAM h �/ f/ ---- 4 ., jai ' j/ • / ... / „,: At,„.„- .,.. .:„'1%% *— F,/ •_,,,,,, -414: SR 299 .daf ,,, ,. zj � . ON; V .,..iii. CO / /� '� '� {;• OLD u RAs o SR s9y W / /, ` :��► cc 1 % G 7-/?,..%,--otoorjrnii la -,/ 44 • 4 IP"744rIlliiiimillie IY litli �, j SR ir ., .• . 3 w Fim icL m K S IRNCHO j 1�' /ii////i) •�//'�%i 11 S 801 D� / /' Y W U O4AL ii VERY HIGH FIRE HAZARD Z •• k.��� O 2� ` , s.. o s D:\GP\WILDFIRES Figure 4-7 Wildland Fire Hazard Areas N w E Health And Safety Element s October 3,2000 11 HS4D. Require remote hillside developments to HS4J. Generally require each residential maintain sufficient water supplies on site, development having 50 or more dwelling when appropriate,to provide wildland fire units and each commercial development protection. Water supplies may be stored employing 150 or more people to have at in the form of ponds, storage tanks, or least two connected points of public other features acceptable to the Fire access as may be determined necessary by Marshal. the Fire Marshal. HS4E. Utilize appropriate techniques, such as HS4K. Maintain and augment mutual and those illustrated in Figure 4-8, to reduce automatic aid agreements with the fire damage in those areas with a high California Department of Forestry(CDF) wildland fire potential. The actual and Shasta County. combination of these and/or other techniques required for a particular HS4L. Continue to promote fire prevention project will be determined by the Fire through education and public-awareness Marshal based on the level of hazard programs. involved. CRIME PREVENTION HS4F. Construct emergency-vehicle access routes to open-space areas at optimal Police officers are among the most visible locations within developments. representatives of City government and largely influence the public's attitude toward the quality of HS4G. Develop a comprehensive vegetation City services. They are responsible for maintaining the management and weed abatement quality of life by protecting people and property, program for open-space areas, including promoting community order through crime prevention those that are located in existing and broad-based outreach and educational programs subdivisions and in new development geared to both children and adults,apprehending and areas. participating in the prosecution of criminals and regulating noncriminal activities such as traffic HS4H. Consider establishing a program to control. construct and maintain fire-access roads in ravine areas considered to have a very As the needs and dynamics within Redding change high fire danger to enhance the ability to over time,the Police Department must find innovative suppress wildland fires. These roads need ways to involve all sectors of the community in its not be surfaced and may also function as crime prevention efforts. Community-oriented part of the City's trail system. Erosion policing,which emphasizes strong citizen involvement, and impacts to native vegetation and is the preferred approach for providing law natural features shall be minimized. enforcement services. Ongoing development and maintenance of partnerships between the Redding HS4I. Amend subdivision regulations to ensure Police Department and individual neighborhoods; that cul-de-sac lengths are generally no Neighborhood Watch groups; businesses; school greater than 600 feet and that sufficient districts; churches; other City Departments; and emergency-vehicle turnaround areas are various local, State, and Federal agencies will be provided. Longer cul-de-sacs may be utilized to implement that approach. Opportunities to considered if fire-protection measures, improve efficiencies and the quality of service through such as residential fire sprinkler systems, the use of improved technology and automation are incorporated to ensure the safety of should also be pursued. residents and emergency-response personnel. This section focuses on the prevention of crime through the use of proven programs, improved technology, proper site planning, and project design. 12 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Variable width (fuel management easement) STREa_-_- Appropriate setback PROPERTY 11111 between structure and > LINE open space easement Non combustible Open Space Fire Protection Measures Easement rear yard fence 4 *Residential Sprinkler Systems with break away gate � *Non-Combustible Building Materials I I *Fire Retardant Roofing � Selectively remove vegetation Note:Specific protection measures to be determined by the Fire Marshal. D:\GP\FlREPROP Figure 4-8 Fire Protection Measures w E Health And Safety Element s October 3,2000 13 memnim HS5E. Continue to maintain, train, and equip GOAL PROVIDE A SAFE AND SECURE special response teams for extraordinary ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE AND emergency incidents. PROPERTY IN THE COMMUNITY. HS5 REDUCE THE POTENTIAL FOR G 0 A L CRIMINAL ACTIVITY AND VANDALISM THROUGH PROPER Policies to achieve this goal are to: SITE DESIGN AND LAND USE H S 6 PLANNING. HS5A. Maintain public confidence in the ability of the Police Department to provide quality police services by ensuring a Policies to achieve this goal are to: customer-based approach in providing services to the community. HS6A. Encourage innovative site planning and design to deter criminal activity in new HS5B. Continue a departmentwide expansion of development. community-oriented policing services and activities that are responsive to citizens' HS6B. Balance the need to provide safety needs. features with other community goals such as developing a citywide trail system. HS5C. Continue to facilitate broad community involvement in reducing crime-producing AIRPORT-RELATED HAZARDS factors within the City by: There are two airports located within the Planning ► Actively working with other City Area. The Redding Municipal Airport,located in the Departments to cooperatively address southeast portion of the City, is designated as a code enforcement issues. certified airport for commercial airline operations. Benton Airpark, located close to Downtown Redding ► Assisting neighborhoods in the civil at Placer Street and Airpark Drive, is a general abatement process. aviation airport which provides commercial reliever support to the Redding Municipal Airport. Safety ► Developing new Neighborhood Watch issues associated with airports are primarily concerned groups and encouraging those groups to with hazards related to flight and hazards related to participate in community revitalization those on the ground within the vicinity of flight efforts. operations. ► Expanding the Neighborhood Police Unit Flight hazards may be: Program. ► Physical (tall structures that could obstruct ► Expanding educational programs designed airspace). to reinforce positive juvenile behavior. ► Visual (glare caused by lights or other bright ► Establishing low-cost or no-cost,clean-up objects). programs throughout the City. ► Electronic (uses that interfere with aircraft HS5D. Coordinate law enforcement planning instruments or communication systems). with local, regional, State, and Federal plans. Airport operations tend to increase with urban growth. These circumstances elevate the potential for aircraft 14 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 accidents because a greater number of operations terminology/procedures which can be applied in a begin to occur in the presence of increased variety of emergency situations. development within the Airport environs. However, the increased risks and flight hazards listed above can Event Specific Plans are included to address: be reduced through a variety of planning methods, including height restrictions, density restrictions, and Imminent/Actual Flooding in the City of the avoidance of incompatible land uses. Redding. ► Hazardous Materials Response. GOAL MINIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR Major Fire Emergency Response. AND DAMAGE RESULTING FROM HS 7 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS. ► Earthquake Emergency Response. Shasta County has adopted a similar document and Policy to achieve this goal is to: acts as the lead agency for the Standard Emergency Management System(SEMS). Local agencies,such as HS7A. Prevent development that could endanger the Cities of Redding,Anderson,and Shasta Lake and the safety of air travelers and persons various special districts, are identified as participants residing or working in the Airport within the system. The County's plan addresses environs by adhering to the land use necessary coordination among the agencies and policies contained in the Comprehensive establishes standard operating procedures. Land Use Plans, Airport Approach Zone provisions of the Municipal Code, and applicable Shasta County Airport Land G 0 A L Use Commission (ALUC) resolutions. MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE THE CITY'S EMERGENCY-RESPONSE EMERGENCY RESPONSE H S 8 CAPABILITIES AND PREPAREDNESS. The administrative draft of the City's Disaster Response Plan was published in May 1997. The plan addresses Policies to achieve this goal are to: Redding's planned response to extraordinary emergency situations associated with natural disasters, HS8A. Maintain and periodically update the technological incidents, and nuclear defense City's Disaster Response Plan. operations. It provides operational checks relating to various emergency situations and identifies the overall HS8B. Encourage the involvement of local responsibilities of the organization and individual hospitals, schools, major businesses, departments for protecting life and property and utilities, the Red Cross, churches, and ensuring the well-being of the population. other service-providers in emergency- preparedness planning and training. Matrices within the plan identify the local agencies and private organizations responsible for accomplishing HS8C. Review periodically, but not less than the activities assigned to each functional branch and annually, emergency-service equipment State and Federal agencies that have capabilities to and shelters to ensure that they are ready support local operations. The document also identifies for immediate operation in the event of circumstances that necessitate activation of the City's an emergency. Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The Incident Command System is utilized for on-scene management HS8D. Require that residences and businesses of field operations. This system provides a maintain visible and clearly legible street standardized organizational structure and address numbers to shorten the response time of emergency personnel. October 3,2000 Health and Safety Element 15 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS project designs and building materials to protect employees and adjacent land uses. Hazardous materials management includes the identification of and proper transport,use,storage,and HS9B. Continue operation of the City's disposal of hazardous materials. Hazardous materials Household Hazardous Waste Collection include liquids,solids,and gases which,by themselves Program. or when placed in contact with other materials, can result in a threat to life, the environment, and/or HS9C. Require that soils containing toxic or property. hazardous substances be remediated to the satisfaction of the agency having The Shasta County Environmental Health Division is jurisdiction prior to the granting of any the primary agency responsible for overseeing the permits for new development. commercial use and storage of hazardous materials within the Planning Area. In addition to use and HS9D. Promote the routing of vehicles carrying storage, hazardous materials are also transported potentially hazardous materials along through the Planning Area by both rail and truck. transportation corridors that reduce the County roads and City streets are used to transport risk of exposure to the public and locally generated wastes from the source to the sensitive environmental areas. regional highway system. HS9E. Implement the Hazardous Materials The City's draft Disaster Response Plan(1997)contains Emergency Response component of the a Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Plan which City's Disaster Response Plan in the event is expected to replace the Hazardous Materials Incident of a hazardous material spill, accident, or Plan that was adopted by the City in 1993. The release within Redding's corporate limits. purpose of the plan is to minimize damage to human health, natural systems, and property caused by the HS9F. Encourage the State to regularly monitor release of hazardous materials. Local responsibilities and report on the types and amounts of are principally focused on discovery, notification, hazardous materials being transported evaluation,initiation of immediate protective actions, through the Planning Area on State and monitoring of recovery operations. The Fire highways and Interstate 5. Department is designated as the Incident Command (IC) authority for all hazardous materials spills and HS9G. Encourage the State Department of emergencies occurring within the jurisdictional limits Health Services and the California of the City, excluding State and Federal lands or Highway Patrol to review permits for property. radioactive materials on a regular basis and enforce public safety standards for the REDUCE THE RISK OF PERSONAL use of these materials, including the G 0 A L INJURY,PROPERTY DAMAGE,AND placarding of transport vehicles. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION RESULTING FROM THE USE, CRITICAL, SENSITIVE, AND HIGH- HS9 TRANSPORT, DISPOSAL, AND OCCUPANCY FACILITIES RELEASE/DISCHARGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. "Critical facilities" are those whose continued functioning is necessary to maintain public health and Policies to achieve this goal are to: safety following a disaster and those whose damage or failure could pose hazards to life and property well HS9A. Require new developments that produce, beyond their immediate vicinity. Examples include store, utilize, or dispose of significant police/fire command and equipment centers,hospitals, amounts of hazardous materials or waste emergency shelters,and utilities,including electricity, to incorporate appropriate state-of-the-art natural gas, water, and sewage treatment. 16 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 "Sensitive facilities" include those used for the emergency. Although it is impossible to identify a set manufacture,storage,or sale of hazardous materials,as of evacuation routes which will apply to all situations, well as socially significant facilities, such as schools; Figures 4-9 and 4-10 identify those routes in,through, nursing homes; and housing for the elderly, disabled, and out of the City considered most suitable for mass or mentally ill. evacuations. This information should be used only as a guide. Specific routes will be determined and "High-occupancy facilities" are public or private publicized on a case-by-case basis during actual structures used for housing or the assembly of large emergencies. groups. Local examples would be the Redding Convention Center and convention facilities It is anticipated that the final version of the City's associated with hotel development. Disaster Response Plan will contain several proposed evacuation routes correlated to specific events, ENSURE THE CONTINUED including regional dam failures, slow-rise flooding, G 0 A L FUNCTIONING OF ESSENTIAL earthquakes, and wildland fire. Adoption of the CRITICAL, SENSITIVE, AND HIGH- Disaster Response Plan, will occur in conjunction with OCCUPANCY FACILITIES adoption of the City's updated General Plan. This H S 10 FOLLOWING A DISASTER. document and its referenced evacuation routes should be used for both disaster-preparedness training and public-awareness programs. Policies to achieve this goal are to: PLAN FOR THE ORDERLY HS 10A. Prevent the placement of new critical, 0 0 A L EVACUATION OF PEOPLE AND sensitive, or high-occupancy facilities THEIR POSSESSIONS DURING within high hazard areas;ensure adequate EMERGENCY AND/OR DISASTER street access. HS 11 SITUATIONS. HS 10B. Encourage owners of existing critical, sensitive, and high-occupancy facilities Policies to achieve this goal are to:: with significant seismic vulnerabilities to upgrade, relocate, or phase out the HS 11A. Ensure that emergency personnel receive facilities as appropriate. adequate training in traffic-control and evacuation procedures as required by the EVACUATION ROUTES City's Disaster Response Plan. As described within the preceding sections of this HS 11 B. Publicize evacuation routes contained element, the Planning Area is subject to a variety of within the City's Disaster Response Plan as potential hazards. Evacuations may be necessary from a general guide for improving the time to time, and the routes utilized will often be awareness and preparedness of residents dependent upon the type, location, and extent of the located in high hazard areas. October 3,2000 Health and Safety Element 17 HASTA DAM ir, ., ATo o0 a c7 w eR N1 ; /e& o / r1 A , ., rI QUART.? hid( 5D, I COMMUNITY \G� DAM :.:1 , COLLEGE SR 2g9 E z 0 -44 /-�'--GE\ACN O �qR� irk . CODE rc $ y r 17. CO iGG, - `� OLD ALT RAS G SR 299 W ..tet �� w� 0 .•MIMENtler ' 1M 17 70 .7.--rvitirr. r.� v ..,.. y�``�� �.IF CYPRESS 10-'4 f) 11�..: 44 3 , 116 ,p� U W `7 Z > ` Q . S i N Q B S .,__ rtER 6 �N�(J� �'•� RANCHO ; S U 1 I I REDDING MUNICIPAL AIRPORT cam CREEK c /; _!` \ ' 6, N. :='-� 1 T: 1ILSCH 'i 1.'`,A `r›. o s Di\GP\EVAC Figure 4-9 Evacuation Routes,Flooding N w E Health And Safety Element s 18 October 3,2000 HASTA DAM h 0 t U Ce 4 O O W tiK fR N,' 1.4 4 ��cti ,> (7 . ;5 /, / 0- ounRn Hid m�^ t COMMUNITY \G� DAld r� A COLLEGE SR 299 E Otikt ` GOJ-Yr`R •- v� o 1� o c Z CP SR 299 W ? ^ 1 r .. r OLD AL RAS y I. O 'illittl.:V, ..1; 4 rimd�F •�� � Iw � SRU U 'm ZZ ILI ii U = O U � .4 s q`' 10/4 �rtER l�� �N�y(J� �, RANCHO SL, 3. ;;5 0 a i REDOING MUNICIPAL I AIRPORT CLEAR CREEK �\ 41,` ''1 1/4 o�..AIIIIIIIIII.11111 111110:\ \111111111111611 1 DERSCH • i ''• • gyp, Z 9 93 tT D:\CP\EVAC Figure 4-10 Evacuation Routes, Wildland Fires N w E Health And Safety Element s October 3,2000 19 • Noise Elecut • 7-1.11 ", sired AUTHORITY INTRODUCTION Pursuant to Government Code Section 65302(0, a general plan shall include: A Noise Element which identifies and appraises noise problems in the community. The Noise PURPOSE AND CONTENT Element shall recognize the guidelines established by the Office of Noise Control in the State The simplest definition of noise is "unwanted sound." Department of Health Services and shall analyze This definition is a subjective one, since people react and quantify,to the extent practicable,current and differently to sounds and even react differently to the projected noise levels for all of the following same sound. However it is perceived, noise is an sources: important factor in the living and work environment. It can have adverse effects on people, including sleep 1. Highways and freeways. interference;communication interference;physiological and psychological stress; and in some cases, hearing 2. Primary arterials and major local streets. loss. Noise decreases the enjoyment of the home environment and recreational activities. Therefore,the 3. Passenger and freight on-line railroad location of existing or planned noise-sensitive land uses operations and ground rapid transit systems. should be considered when placing facilities that generate significant volumes of noise. For purposes of 4. Commercial, general aviation, heliport, this Noise Element, "noise-sensitive areas and uses" helistop, and military airport operations; include residential areas, parks, schools, churches, aircraft overflights;jet engine test stands;and hospitals, and long-term care facilities. all other ground facilities and maintenance functions related to airport operation. The intent of the Noise Element is to document existing noise conditions and identify areas where 5. Local industrial plants, including, but not potential noise problems exist. This information is to limited to, railroad classification yards. be considered when planning the location and type of development throughout the Planning Area. The 6. Other ground stationary noise sources primary objective is to protect people from exposure to identified by local agencies as contributing to excessive noise. the community noise environment. Background data and information for this element are Noise contours shall be shown for transportation- contained within Chapter 11 of the City of Redding related noise sources and stated in terms of General Plan Background Report. community noise equivalent level(CNEL)or day- night average level (Ld"). Noise contours for non- Specific topics addressed within the Policy Document transportation-related noise must be stated in terms include: of the hourly energy-equivalent noise level (Leg). The noise contours must be prepared on the basis ► Noise Environment and Measurements. of noise-monitoring or generally accepted noise- ,. Transportation Noise Sources. modeling techniques for the various sources ► Fixed Noise Sources. identified in paragraphs (1) through (6). October 3,2000 Noise Element 1 Noise contours are to be used as a guide for The Noise Element must also include establishing a pattern of land uses in the Land Use implementation measures or possible solutions that Element that minimizes the exposure of community address existing and foreseeable noise problems. residents to excessive noise. The adopted Noise Element shall serve as a guideline for compliance with the State's Noise Insulation Standards. 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 over time; therefore, other measurements that give an average noise level for a period of time are used. Such GOALS AND POLICIES measurements include the energy-equivalent noise level (Leg), the day-night average noise level (Ldn), and the community noise equivalent level (CNEL). Leq is an hourly average, while Ld„ and CNEL are 24-hour NOISE ENVIRONMENT AND weighted averages. All three of the aforementioned measurements were used in the noise survey conducted MEASUREMENTS for the General Plan Background Report. Ambient noise, which is the total noise in a given Noise-modeling techniques and noise measurements environment, is usually measured with an A-weighted were used to develop generalized noise contours decibel scale (dBA). However, ambient noise varies describing existing conditions for major roadways, railroads, and fixed noise sources (predominantly existing industrial uses) in the Planning Area. The Typical Noise Levels noise-modeling methods closely follow recommendations made by the State Office of Noise Control, supplemented where appropriate by field- measured, noise-level data to account for local 130 Threshold of Pain / conditions. The noise contours are based upon annual � average conditions. Because local topography, 120 7(1, •• ~imr. vegetation, or intervening structures may significantly affect noise exposure at a particular location,the noise • 110 contours should not be considered site-specific. 100 — A community noise survey was conducted to document 1. _ •_ noise exposure in areas containing noise-sensitive land uses. Noise-monitoring sites were selected as 90 representative of typical residential conditions in the City. Community noise-monitoring systems were 80 --- calibrated with acoustical calibrators in the field prior to use. The systems complied with all pertinent 70 — ` requirements of the American National Standards dBA Institute (ANSI) for Type I sound-level meters. 60 !-. ' Generally,noise is generated from two types of sources: transportation sources and fixed sources. These 60 * �• sources are discussed in more detail later in the 14;- element. • 40 — t -u ' 30 'I; F GOAL PROTECT RESIDENTS FROM THE ' �� > HARMFUL AND ANNOYING 20 — C „.N. ••ar EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO T� •.• 411= N1 EXCESSIVE NOISE. 0 Threshold of Hearing Policies to achieve this goal are to: N1A. Monitor and update periodically the community's ambient and fixed noise levels. October 3,2000 Noise Element 3 N 1 B. Adopt a noise ordinance to address the Guidelines for noise measurement and following: monitoring activities. ► Permitted days and hours for Enforcement procedures. nonemergency construction activities (AM starting time to PM cease of Ni C. Require acoustical analysis for new development operations). in locations where exterior and/or interior noise levels will likely exceed the City's noise I. Permitted days and hours of operation for standards to determine appropriate mitigation noise-generating commercial and industrial measures. This analysis must comply with the outdoor equipment (leaf blowers, parking guidelines identified in Table 5-1. Table 5-1 Requirements for an Acoustical Analysis An acoustical analysis prepared pursuant to the Noise Element shall: A. Be the financial responsibility of the applicant. B. Be prepared by a qualified person experienced in the fields of environmental noise assessment and architectural acoustics. C. Estimate the noise levels at affected receivers and the location of existing and projected (20-year) noise contours. Compare those values to the adopted policies of the Noise Element for both interior and exterior exposure levels. D. Recommend appropriate mitigation to achieve compliance with the adopted policies and standards of the Noise Element, giving preference to site planning and building design over mitigation measures which require the construction of unusually large walls or noise barriers. Where the noise source in question consists of intermittent single events, the report must address the effects of maximum noise levels in sleeping rooms in terms of possible sleep disturbance. E. Estimate noise exposure after the prescribed mitigation measures have been implemented. Note: Existing dwellings and new dwellings lot sweepers,etc.)on sites located adjacent constructed under previous approvals are not to residential areas. subject to City review with respect to I. Regulations pertaining to the use of"jake„ satisfaction of the standards of the Noise brakes within the City limits and excessive Element. As a consequence, such dwellings may be constructed in areas where noise levels noise created by vehicular stereo systems. exceed the standards of the Noise Element. It ► Standards that establish limits for peak is not the responsibility of the City to ensure noise emissions measured from the that such dwellings meet the noise standards of property line of the noise-creating use. the Noise Element or the noise standards These standards should be geared primarily imposed by lending agencies such as U.S. toward commercial and industrial uses. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Federal Housing ► Regulations that are tied to criteria such as Administration (FHA), and Cal Vet. If homes those outlined in Table 5-1 of the Noise are located and constructed in accordance with Element. the Noise Element, it is expected that the resulting exterior and interior noise levels will 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 conform to the HUD/FHA/Cal Vet noise all highways and major roadways in the Redding standards. Planning Area. The FHWA Model is the analytical method presently favored for traffic noise prediction by N 1 D. Encourage the use of site planning and building most State and local agencies,including the California materials/design as primary methods of noise- Department of Transportation(Caltrans). The FHWA attenuation. Model predicts hourly Leq values for free-flowing traffic conditions,and it is generally considered to be accurate N1E. Prepare a Noise Attenuation Manual, which within 1.5 dB. To establish the baseline noise illustrates preferred noise mitigation techniques. conditions, traffic data representing annual average N1F. Discourage use of noise barriers and walls traffic volumes for existing conditions on major roadways was obtained from Caltrans, the City of constructed exclusively for noise attenuation Redding, and the files of the General Plan's noise purposes, where possible. In instances where consultants. Using these data and the FHWA Model, noise barriers cannot be avoided, require the use of site planning and building material/design traffic noise levels as defined by Ldn were calculated for features in conjunction with barriers to mitigate existing and projected traffic volumes. Distances from the centerlines of selected roadways to the 60 and visual impacts and reduce the size of barriers. 65 dB Ldn contours are summarized in Table 5-2. Transportation Noise These distances should be treated as estimates, since actual distances may vary due to factors such as road The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) curvature,roadway grade,shielding by local topography Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA- or structures, and elevated roadways. ROAD-77-108) was used to develop Ldn contours for Table 5-2 Existing and Projected Noise Contours For Selected Road Segments NOISE CONTOUR DATA Distance (Feet) from Center of Roadway to Ldn Contours Existing Projected Segment Description 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB I-5 1 Knighton Road to Churn Creek Road 1,666 773 2,065 959 2 Churn Creek Road to East Cypress Avenue 1,733 804 2,065 959 3 East Cypress Avenue to SR 44 1,683 781 1,968 914 4 SR 44 to SR 299 1,803 837 2,139 993 5 SR 299 to SR 273 1,487 690 1,812 841 6 SR 273 to Oasis Road 1,561 724 1,880 872 7 Oasis Road to Pine Grove Avenue 1,385 643 1,743 809 SR 44 8 I-5 to Churn Creek Road 268 125 355 165 9 Churn Creek Road to Old Oregon Trail 289 134 455 211 10 Old Oregon Trail to East Boundary 281 131 316 147 SR 273 11 Canyon Road to Clear Creek Road 284 132 323 150 12 Clear Creek Road to South Bonnyview Road 343 159 367 170 13 South Bonnyview Road to Radio Lane 277 129 351 163 14 Radio Lane to Railroad Avenue 215 100 351 163 15 SR 299 West to Del Mar Avenue 350 163 341 158 16 Del Mar Avenue to SR 299 East 314 146 334 155 17 SR 299 East to I-5 160 74 230 107 October 3,2000 Noise Element 5 NOISE CONTOUR DATA Distance (Feet) from Center of Roadway to La„ Contours Segment Description Existing Projected 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB SR 299 18 East Boundary to Old Oregon Trail 271 126 284 132 19 Old Oregon Trail to I-5 North 345 160 362 168 20 I-5 South to Tehama 539 250 634 294 SR 299 Tehama 21 Pine Street to Liberty Street 230 107 234 _ 109 SR 299 Shasta 22 Liberty Street to Pine Street 221 102 234 109 SR 299 Eureka Way 23 Market Street to Court Street 218 101 251 116 24 Court Street to Buenaventura 250 116 280 130 _ 25 Buenaventura to West Boundary 337 157 367 170 Airport Road 26 SR 44 to Hartnell Avenue 182 84 220 102 27 Hartnell Avenue to Rancho Road 163 76 242 112 28 Rancho Road to Meadow View Drive 142 66 214 99 29 Meadow View Drive to Fig Tree Lane 142 66 191 89 30 Fig Tree Lane to Dersh Road 142 66 _ 189 88 Alta Mesa Drive 31 Galaxy to Hartnell Avenue 52 24 75 35 Angelo Avenue 32 Market Street to Parkview Avenue 66 31 61 28 Athens Avenue 33 Cypress Avenue to Locust Street 118 55 118 55 34 Locust Street to South Street 83 38 57 26 Bechelli Lane 35 Hemsted to Grove Street 66 31 69 32 36 Grove Street to East Cypress Avenue 66 31 69 32 37 East Cypress Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 112 52 105 49 38 Hartnell Avenue to 3rd Street 137 64 125 58 39 3rd Street to Loma Vista Drive 131 61 105 49 40 Loma Vista Drive to South Bonnyview Road 90 42 91 42 Benton Drive 41 North Market Street to Quartz Hill Road 47 22 163 76 Browning Street 42 Hilltop Drive to East End 49 23 91 42 Buenaventura Boulevard 43 Eureka Way to Placer Street 66 31 81 38 44 Placer Street to Canyon Creek Road 47 22 95 44 45 Canyon Creek Road to Railroad Avenue 52 24 75 35 46 Railroad Avenue to Market Street 125 58 152 71 Butte Street 47 Continental Street to Sequoia Avenue 79 37 93 I 43 48 Sequoia Avenue to Auditorium Drive 85 39 108 50 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 NOISE CONTOUR DATA Distance (Feet) from Center of Roadway to Ld„ Contours Existing Projected Segment Description 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB California Street 49 Riverside Drive to Trinity Street 57 26 68 31 50 Trinity Street to Eureka Way 118 55 68 31 51 Eureka Way to Tehama Street 98 45 68 31 Continental Street 52 Placer Street to Butte Street 62 29 72 33 53 Butte Street to Trinity Street 47 22 59 27 Canyon Road 54 West City Limits to SR 273 90 42 100 46 Churn Creek Road 55 Rancho Road to Victor Avenue 83 38 98 45 56 Victor Avenue to South Bonnyview Road 87 40 93 43 57 South Bonnyview Road to Loma Vista Drive 101 47 121 56 58 Loma Vista Drive to Shirley Lane 131 61 144 67 59 Shirley Lane to Hartnell Avenue 166 77 156 72 60 Hartnell Avenue to East Cypress Avenue 166 77 139 65 61 Mistletoe Lane to Dana Drive 183 85 188 87 62 Dana Drive to Old Alturas Road 131 61 155 72 63 Old Alturas Road to Canby Road 105 49 125 58 64 Canby Road to Palacio Drive 105 49 137 64 65 Palacio Drive to College View Drive 105 49 137 64 66 College View Drive to Collyer Drive 87 40 143 67 Clear Creek Road 67 South Market Street to ACID Canal 57 26 49 23 College View Drive 68 Churn Creek Road to Shasta View Drive 47 22 58 27 Court Street 69 Schley Street to South Street 118 55 133 62 70 South Street to Placer Street 118 55 112 52 71 Placer Street to Shasta Street 137 64 131 61 72 Shasta Street to Eureka Way 112 52 131 61 Cypress Avenue and East Cypress Avenue 73 Market Street to Akard Avenue 177 82 203 94 74 Akard Avenue to Athens Avenue 208 97 205 95 75 Athens Avenue to Hartnell Avenue 260 121 264 123 76 Hartnell Avenue to Bechelli Lane 218 101 198 92 77 Bechelli Lane to Southbound I-5 ramps 255 119 226 105 78 Southbound I-5 ramps to Northbound ramp 255 119 237 110 79 Northbound I-5 ramp to Hilltop Drive 208 97 246 114 80 Hilltop Drive to Larkspur Lane 203 94 198 92 81 Larkspur Lane to Churn Creek Road 161 75 166 77 82 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 66 31 143 67 October 3,2000 Noise Element 7 NOISE CONTOUR DATA Distance (Feet) from Center of Roadway to Ld„Contours Existing Projected Segment Description 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB Dana Drive 83 Hilltop Drive to Canby Road 118 55 143 67 84 Canby Road to Churn Creek Road 131 61 118 55 85 Churn Creek Road to Friendly Lane 131 61 160 79 86 Friendly Lane to Bradford Way 75 35 122 56 87 Bradford Way to Victor Avenue 66 31 98 45 East Street 88 Cypress Avenue to South Street 73 34 77 36 89 South Street to Placer Street 83 38 112 52 90 Placer Street to Tehama Street 90 42 105 49 91 Tehama Street to Shasta Street 105 49 98 46 Eastside Road 92 Wyndham Lane to Breslauer Lane 54 25 27 12 93 Breslauer Lane to Radio Lane 73 34 59 27 94 Radio Lane to East Bonnyview Road 60 28 24 11 95 East Bonnyview Road to South Bonnyview Road 47 22 23 10 96 South Bonnyview Road to Girvan Road 66 31 43 20 Freebridge Street 97 Parkview Avenue to Weldon Street 47 22 23 10 Girvan Road 98 Eastside Road to Creekside Drive 57 26 69 32 Hartnell Avenue 99 East Cypress Avenue to Parkview Avenue 143 67 134 62 100 Parkview Avenue to Bechelli Lane 118 55 143 67 101 Bechelli Lane to Churn Creek Road 155 72 146 68 102 Churn Creek Road to Victor Avenue 183 85 152 71 103 Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 137 64 148 69 104 Shasta View Drive to Goodwater Avenue 112 52 103 48 105 Goodwater Avenue to Argyle Avenue 83 38 91 42 106 Argyle Avenue to Airport Road 47 22 60 28 Hilltop Drive • 107 East Lake Boulevard to Peppertree Lane 118 55 161 75 108 Peppertree Lane to Browning Street 125 58 170 79 109 Browning Street to East Palisades Avenue 149 69 155 72 110 East Palisades Avenue to Dana Drive 161 75 172 80 111 Dana Drive to SR 44 Eastbound ramps 183 85 201 93 112 SR 44 Eastbound ramps to I-5 Off-ramp 172 80 193 90 113 I-5 Off-ramp to Mistletoe Lane 172 80 177 82 114 Mistletoe Lane to Industrial Street 143 67 115 53 115 Industrial Street to Cypress Avenue 137 64 107 50 116 Cypress Avenue to Maraglia Avenue 105 49 105 49 8 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 NOISE CONTOUR DATA Distance (Feet) from Center of Roadway to Ld„Contours Existing Projected Segment Description 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB Lake and East Lake Boulevard 117 North City Limits to Oasis Road 112 52 121 56 118 Oasis Road to Keswick Dam Road 118 55 131 61 119 Keswick Dam Road to Panorama Drive 143 67 135 63 120 Panorama Drive to Clay Street 149 69 152 71 121 Clay Street to North Point Drive 166 77 177 82 122 North Point Drive to Masonic Avenue 172 80 177 82 123 Masonic Avenue to North Market Street 232 108 245 114 124 North Market Street to Hilltop Drive 218 101 219 101 125 Hilltop Drive to Southbound I-5 ramp 166 77 165 77 Locust Street 126 East Street to Athens Avenue 47 22 44 20 127 Athens Avenue to Park Marina Drive 57 26 62 29 Mistletoe Lane 128 Hilltop Drive to Chum Creek Road 90 42 115 53 129 Chum Creek Road to Victor Avenue 66 31 72 33 North Court Street 130 Eureka Way to Quartz Hill Road N/A N/A N/A N/A Oasis Road 131 Lake Boulevard to Beltline Road 57 26 64 30 132 Beltline Road to Cascade Boulevard 47 22 68 31 133 Cascade Boulevard to Twin View Boulevard 75 35 152 71 134 Twin View Boulevard to Gold Hills Drive 66 31 143 67 135 Gold Hills Drive to Old Oregon Trail 57 26 100 46 Old Alturas Road 136 Chum Creek Road to Friendly Lane 83 38 117 54 137 Friendly Lane to Browning Street 66 31 112 52 138 Browning Street to Victor Avenue 112 52 112 52 139 Victor Avenue to Shasta View Drive 105 49 112 52 140 Shasta View Drive to Old Oregon Trail 66 31 81 38 141 Old Oregon Trail to East Planning Area Limits 53 25 57 26 Old Oregon Trail 142 SR 44 to Old Highway 44 87 41 151 70 143 Old Highway 44 to Old Alturas Road 62 29 92 43 144 Old Alturas Road to College View Drive 62 29 81 38 145 College View Drive to Collyer Drive 118 55 131 61 146 Collyer Drive to Oasis Road 66 31 85 39 147 Oasis Road to Bear Mountain Road 83 38 98 45 Park Marina Drive 148 Auditorium Drive to SR 299E ramps 90 42 107 50 149 SR 299E Eastbound ramps to Athens Avenue 83 38 92 43 150 Athens Avenue to South Street 125 58 92 43 151 South Street to Locust Street 118 55 82 38 152 Locust Street to Cypress Avenue 66 31 57 26 October 3,2000 Noise Element 9 NOISE CONTOUR DATA Distance (Feet) from Center of Roadway to Ldn Contours Existing Projected Segment Description 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB Parkview Avenue 153 South Market Street to Akard Avenue 101 47 83 38 154 Akard Avenue to Freebridge Street 75 35 75 35 Placer Street 155 West City Limits to Buenaventura Boulevard 66 31 65 30 156 Buenaventura Boulevard to Pleasant Street 131 61 65 30 157 Pleasant Street to Airpark Road 137 64 134 62 158 Airpark Road to Court Street 143 67 172 80 159 Court Street to California Street 118 55 177 • 82 160 California Street to Pine Street 112 52 177 82 161 Pine Street to East Street 66 31 115 53 162 East Street to Sequoia Street 66 31 119 55 Quartz Hill Road 163 Harlan Drive to Benton Drive 66 31 112 52 164 Benton Drive to North Market Street 90 42 72 33 Radio Lane 165 East Bonnyview Road to South Bonnyview Road 47 22 53 25 Railroad Avenue 166 a Canyon Creek Road to Schley Avenue 87 40 122 57 Rancho Road 167 Churn Creek Road to Alta Mesa Drive 75 35 95 44 168 Alta Mesa Drive to Airport Road 57 26 76 35 Shasta View Drive 169 Hartnell Avenue to SR 44 83 38 119 55 170 SR 44 to Old Alturas Road 49 23 70 33 South Bonnyview Road 171 South Market Street to Eastside Road 183 85 169 79 172 Eastside Road to Bechelli Lane 149 69 193 90 173 Bechelli Lane to Southbound I-5 ramp 149 69 183 85 174 Southbound I-5 ramp to Northbound I-5 ramp 125 58 172 80 175 Northbound I-5 ramp to Churn Creek Road 125 58 155 72 South Street 176 Court Street to California Street 118 55 152 70 177 California Street to Market Street 98 45 137 64 178 Market Street to Pine Street 118 55 137 64 179 Pine Street to East Street 83 38 101 47 180 East Street to Athens Avenue 66 31 59 27 181 Athens Avenue to Park Marina Drive 52 24 63 29 Twin View Boulevard 182 North Market Street to Caterpillar Road 75 35 96 44 183 Caterpillar Road to Constitution Way 90 42 121 56 10 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 NOISE CONTOUR DATA Distance (Feet) from Center of Roadway to La Contours Existing Projected Segment Description 60 dB 65 dB 60 dB 65 dB Victor Avenue 184 Churn Creek Road to Hartnell Avenue 66 31 112 52 185 Hartnell Avenue to East Cypress Avenue 66 31 115 53 186 East Cypress Avenue to SR 44 Eastbound ramp 90 42 128 59 187 SR 44 Eastbound ramp to SR 44 Westbound ramp 83 38 142 66 188 SR 44 Westbound ramp to Dana Drive 75 35 128 59 189 Dana Drive to Old Alturas Road 57 26 128 59 Westside Road 190 Kenyon Road to Breslauer Lane 49 23 0 0 191 Breslauer Lane to Buenaventura Boulevard 51 24 0 0 Sources: California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and Brown-Buntin Associates. Rail readings at three locations with such unique characteristics is to provide a general idea about the Railroad activity in the Planning Area is limited location of the referenced contours under different primarily to the Union Pacific (UP) north/south topographical circumstances. This data should be used mainline track, which runs generally parallel to State as a guide for determining the approximate distance to Route 273 until just south of Lake Redding. the 60 dB and 65 dB contours at other locations with UP officials reported that there are 52 freight train similar characteristics. However,preparation of a site- operations per day on the mainline track. This track is specific acoustical analysis is highly recommended for also used by Amtrak for its Coast Starlight train run. projects likely to fall within projected rail contours. To determine the contribution of UP railroad operations to the area noise environment, noise Airports measurements were conducted at three sites on January 11-12, 1996, and April 9-10, 1996. Based on There are two airports within the Planning Area. The the data from these measurements, the Ldn values were Redding Municipal Airport is a commercial service calculated, and the 60 and 65 dB Ldn noise-level primary airport. In 1993-94, there were approximately contours were plotted. The results are shown on 112,500 total aircraft operations. Existing noise Table 5-3. impacts for the Airport were identified in the Redding Table 5-3 Approximate Distances to Union Pacific Railroad Noise Contours Lai,at Distance from RR Track of: Distance to Ldn Contour (feet) Measurement Site 50 feet 100 feet 60 dB 65 dB 3210 Veda Street 72.1 dB 67.0 dB 321 149 West end of Clay Street 81.4 dB 76.9 dB 1,339 621 • Caldwell Park 72.2 dB 67.7 dB 326 151 Source: Brown-Buntin Associates, anua 11-12, 1996, and A ril 9-10, 1996 Municipal Airport Master Plan Report Update, August The monitoring site at Veda Street is located adjacent 1995. Currently, the 60 dB CNEL noise contour does to the tracks. The site at the end of Clay Street is not encroach on existing residential areas. Figures 5-1 located above the tracks, and the site at Caldwell Park and 5-2 show existing and projected noise contours for is located below the tracks. The purpose of taking the October 3,2000 Noise Element 11 the Redding Municipal Airport. Benton Airpark is a basic utility airport used primarily by single-engine and G 0 A L PROTECT RESIDENTS FROM small twin-engine airplanes. There are approximately EXPOSURE TO EXCESSIVE 32,000 annual aircraft operations currently. The TRANSPORTATION-RELATED Comprehensive Land Use Plan for Benton Airpark N2 NOISE. adopted in October 1993, indicates that the Nimomm 60 dB CNEL noise contour may intrude into residential areas north and south of the Airpark when operations Policies to achieve this goal are to: reach a level of 75,000 to 100,000. This level is N2A. Update existing and projected noise contours unlikely to be reached given hangar, tie-down, and periodically for all transportation noise sources. other capacity limitations at the Airpark. A noise measurement conducted at the south end of the N2B. Prevent development of new projects which Airpark produced a measured CNEL of approximately contain noise-sensitive land uses in areas 57 dB. Figure 5-3 depicts projected noise contours exposed to existing or projected levels of noise based on 90,000 operations a year. from transportation sources which exceed the levels specified in Table 5-4, unless the project design includes effective mitigation measures to reduce exterior noise and noise levels in interior spaces to the levels specified in that table. 12 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 _ `LV h\�11J-N..) t______________)____ r Irpo .1tf, JV %- �+ DANA SO LC 1 A al : , ♦ r� WO am= Al ' CYPRESS .� _ 1411 r 1 HARTNELL SR 4� J ;W IS W ■W = Cr W0 U W m z — N I CY Q ((1) 0 U1 U O W I � . g (f) Ili\cril 1 5 Q ��` a 55 CNEL ,00 ''‘rla°° C) RANCHO S 60 CNEL z Y W 65 CNEL y W IE RS fx UO o O Z d C ' GIRVAN z a REDDING �� MUNICIPAL � `I \AIRPORT ,a b- II \, katA er � \--ThMEADOWVIEW .0 kkps S� DERSCH ‘-DoN.... J D:\GP\NUNICONTOUR 0 Figure 5-1 Redding Municipal Airport Existing Noise Contours N w E Noise Element October 3,42000 13 SHAST 42 o W Q Q---------\ fqP o WOK �� :A,,,cp,TDA:afia.... �5 0t w,ouARr2 oN/� co SHASTA r / COMMUNITY \G,, DAM A COLLEGE SR 29945,14 C COe(� 1 GE v�EW o�Z v 0Fi �ZB ON „� �p T. _ 1, ,..,, MIII, 2 r y SR 299 `,^ * OLDALT RAS pw • ...-icc � G :r' �' , �� Z a .\.. �1pill° o; 1 ; =CYPRESS p1RPWK ' „� e& ., b SP0UM 1111 1mm 5 ce IN < II IQJI \ S I t% ' 90 �. t. �'� RANCHO , I H 1.111 S 1 1 1 1 \ W 1 1 1 1 I 0 �1 1 \111, , I REDDING Za 1 1 MUNICIPAL D 1AtAIRPORT U RCREEK CLEA '\• ''\ i 00 1 I 1 1 1 I l \ I \ 1 34> DERSCH ----- FUTURE NOISE CONTOUR yam,,, Z (60 CNEL) _, A s D:\GP\FlJTNOICON Figure 5-2 Future Noise Contour Municipal Airport N w E Noise Element 14 s October 3,2000 DAM v` / Z \(&S A -57 0 Aran 14.* -- .....101 1111111 \ hilir NTON c1� \\\............414........4414.1........... 12114 . • linaft, a_ '` J o EUREKA . II 0 4 Aolga '17 a J� _ Will i • . Viiiirigil SO Q Irr D ta OSX 07-Ai kr X4011 MARY 0 Oil. LAKE 6G i *441110 Ill �� I I. A. CYPRE yi, t 1 P,0:'/°4 D [II Z CC 'Ay I I •0 o - CO W • J Y W W Q = W U Q' Z W U Q CD _I a 60 CNEL rn \ D � U \ * 41k — BRP°°1° �10 o11\. g0NN (J. S D:\GP\NOISE2 Q / Figure 5-3 Future Noise Contour Benton Airpark N W E Noise Element 15 October 2000 Table 5-4 Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure Transportation Noise Sources Land Use Outdoor Activity Areas' Interior Spaces Lda/CNEL, dB Ldn/CNEL, dB Leg, dB2 Residential 603 45 -- Transient Lodging 603 45 -- Hospitals, Nursing Homes 603 45 -- Theaters, Auditoriums, Music Halls -- -- 35 Churches, Meeting Halls 603 -- 40 Office Buildings -- -- 45 Schools, Libraries, Museums -- -- 45 Playgrounds,Neighborhood Parks 70 -- -- ` The exterior noise-level standard shall be applied to the outdoor activity area of the receiving land use. Outdoor activity areas are normally located near or adjacent to the main structure and often occupied by porches, patios, balconies, etc. 2 As determined for a typical worst-case hour during periods of use. 3 Where it is not possible to reduce noise in outdoor activity areas to 60 dB Ldn/CNEL or less,using a practical application of the best-available, noise-reduction measures, higher exterior noise levels may be allowed provided that practical exterior noise-level reduction measures have been implemented and that interior noise levels are in compliance with this table. 4 In the case of hotel/motel facilities or other transient lodging, outdoor activity areas,such as pool areas,may not be included in the project design. In these cases, only the interior noise-level criterion will apply. N2C. Mitigate noise created by new transportation w Where existing traffic noise levels are less noise sources consistent with the levels specified than 60 dB Ldn in the outdoor-activity in Table 5-4 in outdoor-activity areas and areas of noise-sensitive uses, roadway interior spaces of existing noise-sensitive land improvement projects which increase noise uses. levels to 60 dB Ldn will not be considered significant. N2D. Consider the significance of noise-level increases associated with roadway-improvement w Where existing traffic noise levels range projects needed to accommodate buildout of the between 60 and 65 dB Ldn in the outdoor- General Plan. Since it may be impractical to activity areas of noise-sensitive uses, a reduce increased traffic noise to levels in +3 dB Ldn increase in noise levels due to a Table 5-4, the following criteria may be used as roadway-improvement project will be a test of significance for roadway-improvement considered significant. projects: 16 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 ► Where existing traffic noise levels are N2J. Encourage railroad officials to install mitigation greater than 65 dB Ldn in the outdoor- features whenever possible,and instruct railroad activity areas of noise-sensitive uses, a engineers to limit their use of air horns to +1.5 dB Ld„increase in noise levels due to reduce rail-related noise impacts on the a roadway- improvement project will be community. considered significant. Nontransportation Noise N2E. Require acoustical analysis for noise-sensitive Activities at industrial, light industrial, commercial, land uses proposed in areas exposed to existing or projected exterior noise levels exceeding the and public-service facilities often involve processes or levels specified in Table 5-4 or the performance equipment that produce noise. standards of Table 5-5 to determine mitigation Noise measurements were conducted at three sites that for inclusion in the project design. Single-family contained fixed noise sources. These include sand and dwellings on existing lots are excluded from this gravel operations along Clear Creek Road, lumber- review. related industries along Bonnyview Road,and the City of Redding Solid Waste Transfer Station. The Leq N2F. Minimize motor vehicle noise impacts from values obtained at all three sites were between 50 dB streets and highways through proper route and 60 dB, and no measurements of 60 dB, or greater, location and sensitive roadway design by were recorded. Figures 5-4, 5-5, and 5-6 depict the employing the following strategies: 50 dB noise contours around the three sites. ► Consider the impacts of truck routes, the Some existing residential uses are located near existing effects of a variety of truck traffic, and industrial uses on Moore Road and within the future motor vehicle volumes on noise Mountain Lakes Industrial Park. Additional residential levels adjacent to master planned roadways and industrial development within these areas will have when improvements to the circulation to be carefully designed to ensure that future industrial system are planned. uses can operate successfully without exposing ► surrounding noise-sensitive land uses to excessive noise Mitigate traffic volumes and vehicle speed through residential neighborhoods. levels. ► PROTECT THE ECONOMIC BASE OF Work closely with Caltrans in the early stages of highway improvements and GOAL THE CITY OF REDDING BY design modifications to ensure that proper PREVENTING INCOMPATIBLE consideration is given to potential noise LAND USES FROM ENCROACHING impacts on the City. N3 UPON EXISTING OR PLANNED NOISE-PRODUCING USES. N2G. Enforce existing applicable sections of the California Vehicle Code related to vehicle or PREVENT THE INTRODUCTION OF equipment mufflers and modified exhaust NEW FIXED NOISE SOURCES IN NOISE-SENSITIVE AREAS. systems. N2H. Ensure that any municipal vehicles or noise- Policies to achieve this goal are to: generating mechanical equipment purchased or used by the City of Redding complies with N3A. Prohibit the development of noise-sensitive uses acceptable standards. where the noise level due to nontransportation sources will exceed the noise-level standards of N2I. Require that development in the vicinity of Table 5-5 as measured immediately within the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark property line of the new development, unless complies with the noise standards of the effective noise-mitigation measures have been Comprehensive Land Use Plan for each facility. incorporated into the development design to achieve the standards specified in Table 5-5. October 3,2000 Noise Element 17 � � � n ....W.:,.. %�1r • ll�e�' �` � V r �• pI\ yr -Tor ; P' ti4/ .w111111111 ■_ ini - ; .alialimmUs_ I .II 2 111.,• . — 4.., iii7$ 2:■i::i :r ,__` -•.. 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IMMIIIIIIIIIENIMMIll IN �►;'� L - ., .. gym. ..111�I.... !� a y1„ilium —// ��_,.mil.1•. .IIA ,r.,V iii �l�.31 �11���/��� �� /�K �/ n ..n..r.;\:IS•..1 , 111 mi r m:l .1_1:11 � -_ 0.- AW 114..a.:"I 1°' __ .u•.., 1boa - 1 - (I- Irr1 1/11111I'Wi' : ri 1.1 -n• tI!pi..eg nuuwu. 0tit 1 d1`���'un �=j.- -- irEE281u.....atimte c 1,'.."1....:...u vir-A- 4 - -1 i irk‘,:igliP..--'AV!! 41.616 s.a+,' •_A•, :„E _:.-......ro,..,...„....) ,_...,, '•07,7 7. •-•-•ee •i:E=11111SE S 1"111.111.91111r -'" is twati.--: -044:4410:1;Av .� qtiiik ;.:erre'• ,. II , � ��,IFIRIPMF ,, ►'� raw; � 1 l� , ‘ ' 41tEL.L fi(Ai D:\GP\FlG5-5n. 1 1114. 4.11 Figure 5-5 Noise Contours East Bonnyview Road Lumber Industries N w E Noise Element 19 October 3,x2000 I �• �U\�/��i� $, • 1■■■■■■■■.. . - 'Jt1 ■m-- ltk w■O� 1 - ._.ui !Ta�.IIP• - ��N' 4L 2 .uiii �==�..--- ---wi= liam --■111MI Iris .:i ni,intt1l 1111►� ■1 !2.-__ fgzIII = 113 .tt Up 111&ii"IC �11: ._:: : as. ■ 4%1111111 li _ -....._:h.�•� . Iii. 111.11.2111...t11111i■ lig soft - - C:::rill IIMF.9 _r_ —....mummo mac ...ii- :::: - 71_- C�--�'•1tC I//IIII1� �•. � "161;11111:11§ :i1■i1i C . ■m lE 1-111■ 1 III ili 1111111111-11 ►gun u� 1111\i ■ E EMIR ��� •■11■■ ' - =� F. ■.■■■- Mak1 -- �■■■n� 1 II ii: _- - ■ 5m d.. �� �._ __ — mi : �, �- II ��`` _ �� I Suuuun \\ VA\ . ■ 1— • �a— mil t, _-.1.,N, ir Imolai . , �6■■�Ilu111.0t 11� iii Ahlk ' I -. 111. A Mill III g - .U/� - I..r gIIIIIIIIIII�Il �� WC ini7A :10514 .P b. Elir .,___, 1 is 11716 1111ii11mllr = WA11IlliW JIII lti'r�14'ff�tilFF/ - ::::=:uuuuuuul l p 'Be on :11: _ nn■unn■ B__: =iii.. 111:man .•1It111■I nuu11�■■wu■ou' ik,„„ IN U. -i•:: - -.0- -uuuuuu Iplumm.l.. :• ii eia aE iw um i i I I I i i 111 I ■�r111�111PmR "I.- m0■111111111 •i N3B. Mitigate noise created by new proposed N3C. Require acoustical analysis of new nontransportation sources consistent with the nonresidential land uses and the expansion of noise-level standards of Table 5-5 as measured existing nonresidential land uses if likely to immediately within the property line of lands produce noise levels exceeding the performance designated for noise-sensitive land uses. Noise- standards of Table 5-5 within the property line level standards for non-noise-sensitive uses will of existing or planned noise-sensitive uses. generally be 10 dB higher before mitigation is required. Table 5-5 Noise Level Performance Standards for New Projects Affected By or Including Nontransportation Noise Sources Noise Level Descriptor Daytime Nighttime (7 a.m. to 10 p.m.) (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) Hourly Le,,, dB 55 45 Each of the noise levels specified above shall be lowered by five dB for simple tone noises, noises consisting primarily of speech or music, or for recurring impulsive noises (e.g., humming sounds, outdoor speaker systems). These noise-level standards do not apply for residential units established in conjunction with industrial or commercial uses (e.g.,caretaker dwellings). The City can impose noise-level standards which are more restrictive than those specified above based upon determination of existing low ambient noise levels. Industrial, light industrial, commercial, and public-service facilities which have the potential for producing objectionable noise levels at nearby noise-sensitive uses are dispersed throughout the City. Fixed noise sources which are typically of concern include, but are not limited to, the following: HVAC Systems Cooling Towers/Evaporative Condensers Pump Stations Lift Stations Emergency Generators Boilers Steam Valves Steam Turbines Generators Fans Air Compressors Heavy Equipment Conveyor Systems Transformers Pile Drivers Grinders Drill Rigs Gas or Diesel Motors Welders Cutting Equipment Outdoor Speakers Blowers The types of uses which may typically produce the noise sources described above include, but are not limited to: industrial facilities, including lumber mills, trucking operations, tire shops, auto maintenance shops, metal fabricating shops, shopping centers, drive-up windows, car washes, loading docks, public works projects, batch plants, bottling and canning plants, recycling centers, electric generating stations, race tracks, landfills,sand and gravel operations, and athletic fields. October 3,2000 Noise Element 21 N3D. Limit the siting of loading and shipping facilities projects to be responsible for noise mitigations for commercial and industrial land uses adjacent to lessen the impacts from adjacent and nearby to residential parcels, whenever practicable. industrial uses and urban activities when the following conditions exist: N3E. Require that parking areas for commercial and industrial land uses be set back from adjacent I. If, at the time of development, the residential areas to the maximum extent feasible industrial uses complied with all the noise or buffered and shielded by walls,fences,berms, mitigations based on anticipated noise and/or landscape. sources and noise levels. N3F. Require that parking structures serving ► If, at the time of development, adjacent commercial or industrial land uses be designed vacant land is designated for commercial to minimize the potential noise impacts both on or industrial development. site and on adjacent properties. Design measures may include the use of materials that 0. The noise level measured at the residential mitigate sound transmission and the property line exceeds the residential noise configuration of interior spaces to minimize standards due to the cumulative effect of sound amplification and transmission. nearby existing industrial and new industrial noise sources and increased N3G. Encourage existing major fixed noise sources noise levels of urban activities (i.e., traffic, throughout the City of Redding to voluntarily trains, aircraft, etc.) install additional noise-buffering or reduction mechanisms within their facilities to reduce w The industrial use emitting the noise noise impacts to the lowest level practicable. conforms with the land use classification of the General Plan, zoning district, and all N3H. Require the installation of noise-buffering or conditions of City permits. reduction mechanisms, where appropriate, for major fixed noise sources throughout the City 0. The industrial use has not added prior to the approval, amendment, and/or additional noise-producing equipment or issuance of conditional use permits for these substantially changed its hours of facilities. operation from what has been approved by the City. N3I. Require residential development projects,newly developed residential areas, and noise-sensitive 22 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 I , . g Housm_u4,sm_ , 4, each local government shall review its housing element as frequently as appropriate to evaluate the following: INTRODUCTION (1) the appropriateness of the housing goals,objectives, and policies in contributing to the attainment of the State housing goal; (2) the effectiveness of the element in attainment of the community's stated housing goals and objectives; and (3) the progress made in PURPOSE AND CONTENT implementation of the housing element. Complete revisions would normally occur on a five-year schedule; The purpose of the Housing Element of the Redding however,since 1992 the State legislature has approved General Plan is to identify and analyze the City's several modifications to that schedule. The law housing needs; to establish reasonable housing goals presently states that the next mandatory update of and objectives based on those needs; and to develop a Redding's Housing Element shall be adopted by program of action, which, over the stated planning June 30, 2003. period, will advance the City towards achieving the established goals and objectives. CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE GENERAL PLAN LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY Government Code Section 65300.5 states that the The State Legislature has determined that the goals and policies of the Housing Element must be availability of housing is of vital importance to the well- consistent with other elements of the General Plan. being of the State's populace and has mandated the preparation of community housing elements as part of In 1995, Redding embarked upon a complete revision local general plans (Government Code Sections 65302 of its existing General Plan,with adoption occurring in and 65580, et seq.). Under current law, the code 2000. Initially, because no revision was statutorily specifies, in brief, that the Housing Element shall required until 2003,the Housing Element was not to be contain: included in the work plan. Subsequently, it was determined that in order to ensure that internal 1. An assessment of local housing needs and an consistency was maintained between all elements of the inventory of resources and constraints relevant General Plan,including the Housing Element,a limited to the meeting of these needs. update of the Housing Element was considered to be necessary. Specific attention has been given to those 2. A statement of the community's goals, policies, portions of the element that are affected by changes quantified objectives, and financial resources made in the City's General Plan Diagram and related relative to the maintenance, improvement, and development policies. development of housing. Changes have been made to the Housing Element with 3. A program which sets forth a schedule of actions the primary goal of maintaining internal consistency the local government is undertaking or intends between elements of the General Plan as required by to undertake over the planning period to law. Specifically, the COMMUNITY PROFILE section implement the policies and achieve the goals and has been updated to reflect current population and objectives of the Housing Element. growth trends, vacancy rates, income levels, unemployment rates,current dwelling unit counts,and Current State Housing Element Law, as contained in construction figures, as well as to include current Section 65588 of the Government Code,mandates that subsidized housing statistics. The LAND INVENTORY October 3,2000 Housing Element 1 AND SITE AVAILABILITY section was updated to reflect Service; Shasta Housing Development Corporation; changes made to residentially designated vacant land as People of Progress; Legal Services of Northern reflected in the updated General Plan Diagram. The California;Good News Rescue Mission;Shasta County INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS AND LIMITING FACTORS Women's Refuge; Golden Umbrella; City of Redding section was updated to reflect current utility and Housing Authority, Public Works Department, infrastructure capacities and growth figures. A Development Services Department, and Electric complete update of the HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT Department; Shasta County Board of Realtors; and section was not undertaken at this time. The State- Shasta County Mental Health. mandated basis for the analysis of need contained within the HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT section is In October 1999, the Redding Planning Commission statistical data derived from the most recent held a series of noticed public hearings specifically to U.S. Census completed in 1990. Current, gather additional information on issues related to comprehensive, statistically reliable data on which to multiple-family residential development within the base a complete update will not be available until community. The Commission was trying to determine sometime after the 2000 Census is complete. It is whether additional vacant land designated at densities anticipated that a complete update will occur at the suitable for multi-family development was needed time of the next required Housing Element revision in within the community in order to meet the housing 2003. The GOVERNMENTAL CONSTRAINTS TO needs of Redding's current and future population. At MAINTENANCE,IMPROVEMENT,AND DEVELOPMENT the conclusion of the hearings, the Commission OF HOUSING section was updated to reflect the approved the modification of the General Plan Diagram impacts, if any, of new policies contained within the to increase the amount of vacant land designated at a proposed General Plan, primarily within the variety of residential densities throughout the Community Development and Design Element community. (previously, the "Land Use" Element). The GOALS AND POLICIES section was reviewed and updated The current limited amendment of the element will be where appropriate to ensure consistency with other subject to review by the public and other interested goals and policies contained within the updated bodies in conjunction with the public review of the General Plan. proposed revised General Plan. Prior to adoption by the City Council, the complete General Plan has been COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION referred to the Redding Planning Commission for review, revision if appropriate, and additional public The following organizations were among those hearings. consulted during the development of the revised Housing Element: Northern Valley Catholic Social 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 from 1950-1990 and its projected population through 2020. COMMUNITY PROFILE INCOME AND ETHNICITY Current 1998 income figures provided by the U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development HISTORIC AND CURRENT POPULATION through the State Department of Housing and PROFILE Community Development (HCD) indicated that as of January 1998, the median household income in the The 1970 Census established the Redding population City of Redding was $37,100 for a family of four. In at 16,659. The 1980 Census recorded 41,995 persons, comparison,the national median income for a family of an annual average population growth rate of over four as of January 1998 was $45,300. 15 percent. The 1990 Census reported a population of 66,462 (or 26,105 households), an increase of over For demographic purposes, household income can be 58 percent since 1980. In the period since the further broken down into several distinct income levels. 1990 Census,the California Department of Finance has The standard terminology used for these various developed annual population estimates for California income levels is extremely low-, very low-, low-, counties and cities. The Department of Finance moderate-, and above-moderate income. These terms population estimate for the City of Redding is 78,518 as are used to describe relative income ranges tied to the of January 1998 (or 32,935 households). This figure median income of all households within a given implies an average growth rate of 2.2 percent each year community. Thus, "extremely low-income" means since 1990. below 30 percent of the median income; "very low- income" means below 50 percent of the median A study conducted in October 1998 by The Economic income;"low-income,"between 51 and 80 percent;and Sciences Corporation projected the population of "moderate-income," between 81 and 120 percent (for Redding to the year 2020. The projection included Federal programs, between 81 and 95 percent of numerous factors which could affect population growth, median). "Above moderate-income" is generally such as fertility, mortality, in-migration, annexations, 121 percent and above (Federal programs, 96 percent etc. Assuming all factors remain predictable,Redding's and above). The term "lower-income" includes "low- population is projected to reach 113,500 by the year income," "very low-income," and "extremely low- 2020, reflecting a slightly decreased annual average income," or all households that do not exceed growth rate of about 1.7 percent for the next twenty 80 percent of median household income. years. Figure 1 shows Redding's historical population October 3,2000 Housing Element 3 FIGURE 1 HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH 1950 to 2020 130000 : 113500 110000 — 96769 Y1i .0 90000 -.-- 6646• 7851il 81185 f`fC 'fkfk 13 fktfI J, . (hk kfkfk 70000 — k Z �` RfZf1 k k k zcz. 700f�f (fkfk k0.4 fkfk ff 50000 — 30000 -- f f f • f f •T °T I I I I I 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1998 2000 2010 2020 Historical Vf Projected 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 The 1990 Census indicated that approximately previous eleven months, the average annual rate for 8.3 percent of Redding's households were in the 1998 will be lower still. Even with this positive trend, extremely low-income category, 14 percent in the very however, Redding's unemployment rate remains low-income category, 17.8 percent in the low-income substantially above the State average of 6.3 percent for category, and 17.1 percent in the moderate-income 1997 and approximately 6 percent for 1998. (81-120 percent) category. In October 1991,the State Department of Housing and Community Development Redding's current employment opportunities are the (HCD) utilized 1980 income data relative to the actual greatest in the lower-paying industries;these are service County median income adjusted by family size to industries associated with tourism and business services determine the approximate breakdown by percentage and the wholesale and retail trade industry. In addition of each income group within the community. to paying lower overall wages, service and/or retail According to HCD's calculations, in Redding, industries typically have a higher percentage of persons 22 percent of all households are very low-income, working part-time or seasonally than do other types of 19 percent of all households are low-income, industries. 20 percent of all households are moderate-income,and 39 percent of all households are above moderate- The availability of permanent, secure employment income. To the extent that these percentages have not paying a decent wage is a critical factor in the ability of changed over the past seven years, the number of an area's population to secure housing. Conversely,an households in each category in 1998 would be: area's ability to attract new industry and increased job 7,246 very low-income households, 6,258 low-income opportunities for its residents is directly related to the households, 6,857 moderate-income households, and ready availability of decent, affordable housing in the 12,845 above moderate-income households. community. Census figures from 1990 indicate that minorities HISTORIC AND CURRENT HOUSING constitute 10 percent of Redding's population. Of PROFILE these minorities, 4 percent were of Hispanic descent, 3 percent were Asian,2 percent were American Indian, In 1980, the Census recorded 17,932 housing units in and 1 percent were Black. Redding. According to the 1990 Census, in April 1990,there were 27,238 housing units within the There exists a higher proportion of lower-income City of Redding. The State Department of Finance has families among these minority groups than in the estimated the total number of dwelling units within the population at large. According to the 1990 Census, City of Redding as of January 1998 to be 33,423, an 54.6 percent of minority households had incomes at or increase of 6,185 units or 22.7 percent in available below 80 percent of the median income. Among the housing units between 1990-1998. general population as reported in the 1990 Census, 40.1 percent of households were considered lower- New construction is responsible for 98 percent of the income. Minority families,along with all lower-income overall increase in available housing stock.According households of the community, face common problems to figures compiled by the City of Redding and hardships in regard to meeting their housing needs. Development Services Department,6,056 new housing units were constructed from January 1990 through HISTORIC AND CURRENT EMPLOYMENT December 1997. Of the total units constructed, TRENDS 4,585 (75.7 percent) were single-family homes, 1,435 (23.7 percent) were multiple-family units, and The unemployment rate for the Shasta County Labor 36 (0.5 percent) were mobile homes. Market Statistical Area which includes the City of Redding,has slowly declined over the past six years. In TYPE, AGE, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF 1992,the area's annual average unemployment rate was HOUSING STOCK 13.2 percent. The actual average unemployment rate for 1997, the last full year for which the rate has been City of Redding Municipal Utility connection records computed, was down to 9.1 percent. It is likely that as of December 1998,indicate that Redding's housing when statistics for December 1998 are tallied with the stock consists of approximately 33.65 percent October 3,2000 Housing Element 5 multiple-family structures and 66.34 percent single- Housing units are considered substandard if they meet family units. the following definition:Those buildings which exhibit one or more critical structural, plumbing, and/or As reported in the 1990 Census, Redding has electrical deficiency or a combination of intermediate 17,903 housing units which were built prior to 1980. defects in sufficient number or extent to require These 20+year old structures comprise 53.6 percent of considerable repair or rebuilding. Units are also Redding's housing stock. Of these units, 11,603 were considered substandard if they do not provide safe and built between 1960-1979; 5,157 were built between adequate shelter or endanger the health,safety,or well- 1940-1959 (40 to 59 years of age); and 1,143 were being of the occupants. built prior to 1940 (60+ years of age). Overall, approximately 46.4 percent of Redding's available Substandard housing units are further classified into housing stock is less than 20 years old. those that are suitable for rehabilitation and those which are not suitable for rehabilitation. The following There exists a correlation between the age of a definition of"suitable for rehabilitation"is used: Those community's housing stock and the relative condition buildings which exhibit one or more of the deficiencies of that housing stock. Typically, dwelling units over listed under the above definition of substandard, all of 20 years of age are the most likely to need both which can be repaired in conformity with current codes moderate and major rehabilitation work to elevate and ordinances for a sum not to exceed the value of the them to a "standard" condition. building. Buildings are considered "not suitable for rehabilitation" when the cost of the needed repairs CONDITION would exceed the value of the structure. As property values escalate, some buildings previously determined A "windshield survey" conducted by the City of "unsuitable for rehabilitation" become "suitable for Redding Housing Division in 1993 indicated that under rehabilitation." 10 percent of the dwelling units in existence at that time exhibited outward signs of deferred maintenance VACANCY RATES or deficient physical conditions. However,windshield surveys are limited in that both the rear exterior and According to the 1990 Census,Redding's vacancy rate the complete interior of the structure are not evaluated. for all types of dwelling units available for sale or rent in Housing staff estimates that it is likely that 1990 was 2.1 percent. The vacancy rate for all types of 12-14 percent of Redding's current housing stock owner-occupied dwelling units was reported to be would be improved by some level of rehabilitation. approximately 1.5 percent. For rental units alone, the Additionally, it is estimated that approximately reported vacancy rate was approximately 3 percent. 2 percent of the housing stock is in such an extreme state of disrepair that it would not be financially feasible The City of Redding Electric Utility maintains a to rehabilitate the existing structure. comprehensive monthly data base of vacancy rates as well as population and household estimates for the Current City rehabilitation programs are available 33,126 housing units in the City to which it provides citywide and staff monitors conditions present in all service. These units comprise over 99 percent of the neighborhoods on a periodic basis. Of all occupied 33,423 units estimated by the State Department of substandard units, it is estimated that 51 percent are Finance to exist in the City of Redding. The January 1, occupied by lower-income households. 1998, vacancy estimate provided by the State Department of Finance indicates a 4.16 percent overall As reported in the 1990 Census, 41.8 percent of low- dwelling unit vacancy rate in the City of Redding. The income renter households and 28.3 percent of low- State does not differentiate between multiple-family income homeowners occupy units that were unit vacancies and single-family unit vacancies. constructed prior to 1980. In addition to containing possible lead-based paint hazards, this age unit is the In contrast,as of November 30, 1998,Redding Electric most likely to require rehabilitation. Utility records indicate an overall housing unit vacancy rate of 7.8 percent. Further, when examined 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 separately, the vacancy rate for single-family units was According to City of Redding Building Division reported to be 6.5 percent, with the vacancy rate for records, of the 245 multiple-family units built during multiple-family units at 11.8 percent. the 36-month period January 1996 through December 1998,only 8 percent (20) were constructed Vacancy rates, as an indicator of market conditions, with 3+ bedrooms. Larger, low-income families typically run a fine line between an over-built market continue to have little choice of suitable units. (typically considered above 7 percent vacancy) and an under-built market (generally anything under LOW-INCOME ASSISTED HOUSING 3 percent). In a healthy market, there should be some number of vacant units in all sizes, locations,and price As of January 1999, 1,304 very low-income households ranges. within the City of Redding were receiving government- assisted housing subsidies administered through the Redding's housing market has changed substantially Redding Housing Authority. These subsidies are in five over the past 6-8 years. The current vacancy rate for program categories: (1) Aftercare Subsidies; (2) HUD single-family homes seems to indicate an abundance of Section 8 Vouchers; (3) HUD Section 8 Moderate available units that is almost on the verge of hitting the Rehabilitation Subsidies; (4) HUD Section 8 Existing "over-built" threshold. The vacancy rate reported for Certificates; and (5) HOME Two-Year Vouchers. multiple-family units falls substantially in the range that would indicate an oversupply of this type of unit. Assisted units are scattered throughout the City with the highest concentration in neighborhoods with lower Vacancy rates are an important tool used in market priced, multiple-unit complexes available. Another analysis,however,in order to fully analyze the effect of 413 site-specific HUD rental subsidies are available for vacancies upon a specific housing market, it is use at ten multiple-family rental complexes in Redding necessary to delve deeper into vacancy by type, that utilized HUD 811, 202, 231, or 236 financing location, price range, number of bedrooms, and size of assistance. These complexes are Redding Pilgrim unit. There could exist a surplus of units at one level House, Butte House, Cottonwood House, Heritage and a scarcity at another which when averaged Plaza, Redding Gardens, Kutras Gardens, Treehouse together indicate a vacancy rate indicative of neither. Senior Apartments, Wilshire Place, Della Williams There is no information currently available which Gardens, and the Lorenz Hotel. Of the available compares variation in the vacancy rate based on price subsidies, 118 are reserved for seniors, 48 for disabled of unit or size of unit in the Redding area. individuals, 110 for either seniors or disabled, and 137 for families. High vacancy rates, however, do not necessarily mean that rental units will become more affordable as a Currently,priority for rental assistance is determined by private market reaction. Experts suggest that during date of application to the waiting list as well as City of periods of high vacancies, owners of rental properties Redding residency and veteran status. Priority is also will utilize financial incentives such as reduced given to those households who have been displaced by deposits, move-in allowances, even offering periods of local government action. The Redding Housing free rent in order to entice prospective renters rather Authority opened its waiting list to accept new than actually lowering rental rates. applications for a 31-day period starting October 1, 1998. Approximately 1,854 households are now on the Based upon information gathered from its clients in waiting list. As of January 1999, all available subsidies their search for rental housing in the Redding area,the had been completely allocated to eligible households. Redding Housing Authority has indicated that the local The Redding Housing Authority estimates that the rental market remains "tight" for all unit sizes in an average length of time between application date and affordable price range. Further,affordable 3+-bedroom receipt of rental assistance is six months for City of units are very scarce for lower-income families. Redding residents. Approximately 24.6 percent of the households currently on the Housing Authority waiting list qualify As discussed in the previous sections on income and by family size for units of this size. renter status, approximately 22 percent of the population (7,246 households in 1998) in Redding are October 3,2000 Housing Element 7 considered very low-income. Of these, approximately • Section 101 Rent Supplements.* 65 percent (4,710 households in 1998) are renters and potentially eligible for subsidized housing assistance. ► Section 213 Cooperative Housing These figures indicate a gap between the assistance Insurance.* available and the number of households likely to need assistance. • Section 221(d)(3)Below-Market-Interest- Rate Mortgage Insurance Program. AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS ELIGIBLE TO CONVERT TO OPEN MARKET DURING Section 236 Interest Reduction Payment 1992-2002 Program. The State Government Code requires that a • Section 202 Direct Loans for Elderly or community's Housing Element contain analysis and Handicapped. program efforts for preserving assisted housing developments in the community which are eligible to ► Community Development Block Grant convert to non-low-income use within ten years of the Program.* statutory adoption"due date"of the Housing Element. The purpose of the analysis is to identify actions the 2. FmHA Section 515 Rural Rental Housing jurisdiction can take to preserve at-risk units, to Loans.* adequately plan for preventing or minimizing tenant displacement, and to preserve the local affordable 3. State and local multiple-family revenue bond housing stock. programs.* The ten-year period which was covered by the original 4. Redevelopment programs.* analysis was July 1992 through June 2002. To make the analysis useful to the five-year Housing Element 5. Local in-lieu fee programs or inclusionary updates, the inventory was divided into two 5-year programs.* groups,coinciding with the planning periods originally anticipated for the Housing Element. 6. Developments which obtained a density bonus and direct government assistance pursuant to State law requires that the inventory include all Government Code Section 65916.* multiple-family rental units which are assisted under any of the programs listed below: All categories marked with an asterisk (*) do not have units in the community which are considered at-risk 1. HUD Programs: during the subject ten-year period. • Section 8 Lower-Income Rental Assistance Table 1 illustrates the projects which contain affordable project-based programs. units in the community which were identified as being at risk in the City of Redding during the initial ten-year • New Construction.* period. The listed at-risk units are subject to a variety of different regulatory requirements which, when • Substantial or Moderate Rehabilitation. combined with market conditions,determine the actual likelihood of loss of the affordable units. Following the • Property Disposition.* table is a summary of the current status of those units that were listed as being at-risk through 1998. A • Loan Management Setaside. complete analysis of the units remaining at-risk through July 2002 follows that summary. 8 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 TABLE 1 INVENTORY OF WW-INCOME RENTAL UNITS IN THE CITY OF REDDING SUBJECT TO TERMINATION OF FEDERAL MORTGAGE AND/OR RENT SUBSIDIES BY JULY 2002 July 1992 June 1997 PROJECT NAME TYPE OF TOTAL# EARLIEST DATE PROGRAM UNITS OF TERMINATION Moderate Rehabilitation Section 8 48 (18 elderly) 3/31/97 Increment 1 (All subsidized) Redding Gardens Cooperative 221(d)(3) 120 Subsidies: 11/03/96 301 South Street Section 8 (48 subsidized) Mortgage:01/17/14 Redding Downtown Plaza Apartments90 Eligible LIHPRHA 1075 Trinity Street 236(J)(1) Property Redding (No subsidies) Mortgage: 12/19/91 July 1997—June 2002 PROJECT NAME TYPE OF TOTAL# EARLIEST DATE PROGRAM UNITS OF TERMINATION Moderate Rehabilitation Section 8 60 12/31/97 Increment 2 (All subsidized) Moderate Rehabilitation Section 8 51 9/30/98 Increment 3 (All subsidized) Moderate Rehabilitation Section 8 20(5 elderly) 6/30/99 Increment 4 (All subsidized) Moderate Rehabilitation Section 8 48(18 elderly) 9/30/00 Increment 5 (All subsidized) Kutras Gardens 231 Elderly 84(all elderly) Subsidies:07/05/97 540 South Street Section 8 (40 subsidized) Mortgage:06/30/17 Redding Current Status of Units Identified as At Risk its 120 units. In 1992, 48 units at this facility were through 1998 listed as additionally "subsidized." Today, while only 16 of those units remain "subsidized," all the units at While a review of the status of these units is not this facility are substantially below market rate and required until the next mandatory revision of the would, for most very low-income households, be Housing Element in 2003, the following information considered affordable. has been included relative to any changes that may have occurred to these units since the original report in Downtown Plaza Apartments. This facility converted 1992. its 90 units to market-rate in 1992. All eligible tenants (those with household incomes at or below 80 percent Redding Gardens Cooperative. Redding Gardens of median)were offered HUD"Preservation Vouchers" Cooperative is the only facility of its kind within the that could be used to lease in place if the household Redding community.Under the cooperative ownership desired or at a different location of their choice. The of its residents operating through a nonprofit structure, Redding Housing Authority reports that the majority of the facility maintains below market rate "rents" for all eligible households took advantage of this benefit. October 3,2000 Housing Element 9 Kutras Gardens. No changes have occurred at this Of the 58 remaining subsidies, 24 are attached to senior complex over the past eight years. Based upon single-family homes being used as rental units and a recent discussion with the onsite manager, there are 34 are connected to a variety of multiple-family no plans for the subsidized units to be converted to structures. market rate prior to 2017, the date that the HUD mortgage is retired. Cost Analysis of Preserving Versus Replacing At- Risk Units Moderate Rehabilitation Increments 1, 2, 3. In early 1997,HUD made available"Replacement Certificates" According to Section 65583(a)(8)(B) of Housing to the 48 tenant households residing in units subsidized Element Law,the cost of producing new rental housing under Increment 1. These subsidies were able to be comparable in size and rent levels to replace the "at- used by the families to lease in place or at another risk" units and the cost of preserving all the units for location of their choice. Later in 1997, prior to the the planning period, must be included in the Housing expiration of Increment 2 subsidies on 60 units, HUD Element. provided one-year extensions of the existing Moderate Rehabilitation contracts to properties containing 5 or The at-risk units range in size from 1-3 bedrooms and more units and individual family subsidies to tenants are comprised of multiple-family units in 2-5 unit residing in smaller complexes (those with 4 or less configurations and single-family homes. It is assumed units). In September 1998, at the expiration of that if replacement units were to be developed, Increment 3 subsidies on an additional 51 units, HUD multiple-family units would be utilized not single-family provided the same two types of subsidies as provided to homes. For that reason, the following analysis only Increment 2 units and tenants. Further, HUD considers the cost for replacement through multiple- extended the Moderate Rehabilitation contracts for family development. Increment 2 units for an additional 12-month period. General development costs for multiple-family projects Remaining Units At Risk Between January 1999 and are discussed in detail in the sections entitled June 2002. GOVERNMENTAL CONSTRAINTS TO MAINTENANCE, IMPROVEMENT, AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING During the period January 1999 June 2002, only one and NONGOVERNMENTAL CONSTRAINTS TO program is involved, the Moderate Rehabilitation MAINTENANCE,IMPROVEMENT,AND DEVELOPMENT Program with Section 8 project-based subsidies. OF HOUSING. Based upon a low-average construction Increments 4-5,with 58 remaining units under subsidy, cost for multiple-family units of$45 per square foot; a expire during this period. It is extremely likely that low-average land cost of$4,000 per unit;indirect costs HUD will extend these subsidies as it has in the past for (construction interest,off-sites,on-sites, architectural, larger (5+ units) facilities covered under other and civil engineering) of$5,000 per unit; and average increments and provide individual subsidies for those per-unit fees of $6,500, each 800-square-foot, households residing in smaller complexes. If this does 1-bedroom unit would cost approximately $51,500. not happen, the Redding Housing Authority would Replacement cost for each 900-square-foot,2-bedroom consider the following mitigating measures: offering unit would be approximately $56,000; and each non-project-based subsidies,as available,to the affected 1,000-square-foot, 3-bedroom unit would run families to be used in a location of their choice; approximately$61,500. The estimated cost to replace negotiating continued affordability with the owners in the remaining 58"at-risk"units would be approximately exchange for other nonsubsidy program assistance such $3,229,000. as rehabilitation or aiding a nonprofit housing entity to acquire the units in return for continued affordability; As stated previously, all the units are older and many and replacement of the units through support of new are in need of rehabilitation work. Projected affordable housing development. The affected units are acquisition costs must include the cost of any typically older and many are in need of rehabilitation rehabilitation work necessary to bring the units up to a work. standard level. Basic acquisition cost for units of comparable age and condition would be approximately $80,000 for a single-family unit and approximately $31,000 per unit for the multiple-family structures. 10 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 The rehabilitation staff with the City's Housing It is unlikely that sufficient local funding sources will be Division, drawing from many years of experience with available to fully subsidize acquisition,rehabilitation,or rehabilitation programs targeting similar rental units, development of new affordable units to replace those at estimates that the average per-unit rehabilitation cost risk of being lost over the remaining four-year period. for units of comparable size, age, and condition is The City receives approximately $920,000 in Federal approximately$20,000. Using an average acquisition Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds cost of$31,000 per multiple-family unit and $80,000 annually. These funds are allocated through a highly per single-family unit, coupled with an average competitive process and have historically been utilized rehabilitation cost of $20,000 per unit, the cost of for a variety of community projects,including housing. acquiring and preserving the 58 "at-risk" units is approximately$4,134,000. The Redding Redevelopment Agency generates approximately$1,000,000 in its Housing Setaside Fund The cost of keeping the rents at an affordable level for annually. This fund is utilized locally in a variety of units which have been either acquired or newly ways to improve the housing opportunities for the area's constructed is dependent upon the type of financing lower- and moderate-income households. Over the used to purchase or construct the units. Market-rate next four years, approximately $4 million will be financing would require a much larger monthly revenue available for this purpose. stream to cover the higher cost of the financing. It is likely that revenues from affordable rents would not be The Redding Housing Authority administers sufficient to cover the cost of debt service on the units. approximately 1,304 rental subsidies for which it A substantial part of either construction or acquisition receives administrative fees. During FY 97-98, the cost would need to be underwritten by some form of RHA received approximately $660,000 in deep subsidy. A full pro forma on each individual administrative fees. These fees are utilized by the project would be necessary to arrive at more than a Housing Authority to cover the cost of administering broad estimate of costs involved. The following rent the Section 8 rental assistance program in the subsidy cost estimate is based upon the 1998 average community. Over the next four years,it is anticipated annual Section 8 subsidy paid for comparably sized that approximately $2.64 million will be received units. The remaining 58 at-risk units are comprised of through this source. It is not anticipated that funds in 25 one-bedroom units, 16 two-bedroom units, and excess of the amount needed to run the program will be 17 three-bedroom units. The estimated annual subsidy available. cost necessary to keep similar units affordable for very low-income households is $196,536. Several new construction programs funded through the Federal government are currently available for Resources for Preservation affordable housing projects. These offer money at reduced interest rates or on a grant basis in exchange As stated previously, four separate entities have for affordability of units. In addition,various mortgage expressed interest in being notified under the first right bond programs and Federal tax credits might be of refusal option if affordable housing projects become accessed to enhance a project's affordability. Another available in the Redding area. These include the avenue for reducing the cost of development is the use Redding Housing Authority (RHA), the Shasta of the local Density Bonus Program. Housing Development Corporation, as well as two housing development organizations from outside the In summary, creative projects, whether acquisition or area. In addition, Northern Valley Catholic Social new development, which combine a variety of local, Service,a local nonprofit housing service provider,has State, Federal and private dollars have a greater likelihood of success in the current housing market. the ability to acquire and manage assisted housing projects. In order to ensure continued affordability of The City is committed to working towards enhanced the units, acquisition by any of these entities would housing affordability for the community's lower-income very likely require continued rental assistance by HUD households and, as it has in the past, will consider or a deep subsidy from Federal, State, or local sources commitment of housing funds such as the applied towards the acquisition costs. redevelopment low-income housing setaside and its Community Development Block Grant, as well as HOME funds, towards that end. October 3,2000 Housing Element 11 Census data from 1990 showed that approximately 21.8 percent of all homeowners surveyed were HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT overpaying for housing. Among the lower-income homeowners (26.2 percent of all homeowners), 50.9 percent were overpaying for housing. To the extent the 1990 Census statistics are still accurate, in 1998 this would translate to approximately State housing element law requires that a community 3,841 homeowners currently overpaying, out of which analyze both its existing housing needs and its projected approximately 2,350 are lower-income. housing needs for the required planning period. Such existing and projected needs analysis must include A commonly accepted definition of"affordable" as it consideration of the locality's share of the regional relates to housing costs is when a household pays no housing need as provided by the local Council of more than 30 percent of its gross monthly income for Governments or,in Redding's case, as provided by the housing expenses. For a homeowner, these expenses State Department of Housing and Community are principal and interest payments for mortgages, as Development (HCD). well as property taxes,and homeowner's insurance. For a renter, housing expenses include the basic monthly This chapter includes an updated analysis of local rent,plus utility costs. Housing payments totaling more housing market characteristics for both renters and than 30 percent of the household's income constitute homeowners; an analysis of the special housing needs "overpaying." A household with monthly housing costs of the area's population, particularly for the following totaling more than 50 percent of income is considered identified groups—the elderly, the handicapped, large extremely cost-burdened. families, families headed by a single-female parent, minorities, and the homeless; and an analysis of the In Redding, as throughout the country, the dream of projected new construction housing needs of the homeownership is an integral part of American life. It Redding area utilizing the regional housing share figures continues to be a goal for many citizens and, provided by HCD in 1991. It concludes with an historically,has been used as an indicator of status and inventory of residentially classified land based upon the prosperity. General Plan Diagram included in the revised General Plan. According to information provided by the Shasta County Board of Realtors,the median price of a single- At the recommendation of State HCD staff, the family home in the City of Redding in 1998 was analysis of special housing needs has not been $113,000. Only a slight increase in this amount has substantially changed for the 1999 amendment. Much occurred over the past seven years, from$110,000 in of the basis for this section is statistical data provided 1991 to $113,000 today. The average price of a new through the U.S.Census. New census data will not be single-family detached home currently being built available until 2001 or 2002. A complete review and within the City of Redding was reported to be analysis of this topic will be conducted at the time of $155,000. the next mandatory Housing Element revision in 2003. To the extent 1990 Census information was not The area's 1998 median income for a family of four, available at the time the Housing Element was prepared $37,100, generally indicates an ability to purchase a in 1992, that information has now been added. home with a maximum purchase price three (3) times as great or $111,300. While this is slightly below the HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS median price, a substantial number of homes are available in Redding at or below this amount. Homeownership/Housing Costs/Ability to Pay According to the Shasta County Board of Realtors, over a recent twelve-month period ending December In 1990, the Census reported that 53.5 percent of all 1998, 2,378 homes were listed for sale in Redding. Of households in Redding resided in housing units that these,637 (26.7 percent) were listed for a sales price at they owned. Based on 1998 household figures, this or below$95,000. Most homes in this price range are translates into 17,620 owner-occupied households. resale units and would be considered modest in quality. 12 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Current interest rates hover around 7 percent on a several different interest rate scenarios for low-, 30-year fixed rate mortgage. This document assumes median-, and moderate-income households. that these relatively low interest rates will remain steady over at least the next year. As Table 2 illustrates,homeownership opportunities are more limited as incomes decrease and as interest rates Due to Redding's relatively low housing prices,coupled increase. In addition to generally being unable to with the current nationwide low mortgage interest support the level of monthly mortgage payment rates, median- to moderate-income Redding residents required for all but the least expensive homes available, are able to take advantage of homeownership lower-income households have a more difficult time opportunities that are almost unknown in other,higher accumulating the amount necessary for the required priced areas of the State. Table 2 presents the down payment and closing costs. affordability of homes in several price ranges, under October 3,2000 Housing Element 13 TABLE 2 MAXIMUM HOME PURCHASE AFFORDABILITY CHART REQUIRED PURCHASE 5% INTEREST INCOME GROUP PRICE DOWNPAYMENT RATE FIRST-MORTGAGE* LOW(<80%of median) Maximum annual income for family $97,850 $4,650 7% $93,200 ($742.40 PITI) of 4 = $29,700 Maximum monthly income for $90,289 $4,514 8% $85,775 ($742.27 PITI) family of 4 = $2,475 Maximum"affordable" $83,475 $4,175 9% $79,300 ($742.42 PITI) (30%of gross income) housing payment = $742.50 MEDIAN (81 - 100%of median) Maximum annual income for $122,500 $6,125 7% $116,375 ($927.40 PITI) family of 4 = $37,100 Maximum monthly income for $112,750 $5,650 8% $107,100 ($926.82 PITI) family of 4 = $3,092 Maximum"affordable" $104,250 $5,225 9% $ 99,025 ($927.11 PITI) (30%of gross income) housing payment = $927.60 MODERATE (101-120%of median) Maximum annual income for $146,750 $7,350 7% $139,400 ($1,110.90 PITI) family of 4 = $44,500 Maximum monthly income for $135,300 $6,775 8% $128,525 ($1,112.23 PITI) family of 4 = $3,708 Maximum"affordable" $125,000 $6,250 9% $118,750 ($1,111.77 PITI) (30%of gross income) housing payment = $1,112.40 * Assume a 30-year, fixed rate conventional mortgage, listed payment includes monthly property tax and insurance impounds of 0.125%of purchase price. 14 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Rentals/Ability to Pay The incidence of overcrowding is substantially greater for renters as income level decreases and family size According to the 1990 Census, 46.5 percent of all increases. The 1990 Census reported that among all occupied housing was classified as renter-occupied. overcrowded renter households, 9 percent of Using 1998 household figures, this means households with incomes between 51 percent and approximately 15,315 households rent rather than own 80 percent of median income are overcrowded, their principal residence. 9.4 percent of households with incomes between 31 and 50 percent of median income, and 11.2 percent The 1990 Census reported that approximately of households with incomes under 30 percent of 47 percent of all renter households were overpaying for median income. For large renter households (those housing. However, among the lower-income renter households with five or more members) 40 percent are households, approximately 74 percent were paying in overcrowded. Large renter households with incomes excess of 30 percent of the household's monthly under 50 percent of median show severe overcrowding. income for housing. Lower-income renters make up Approximately 63.3 percent of large renter households approximately 57 percent of all renter households. To with incomes between 31 and 50 percent of median are the extent the 1990 Census ratios are still accurate, overcrowded,and for those large families with incomes using 1998 household figures this means there are below 30 percent of median, 72.8 percent are living in approximately 8,730 low-income renter households,out overcrowded conditions. of which 6,460(74 percent)are overpaying for housing. There is a continuing need for rental assistance Based upon the scarcity and cost of larger programs targeting extremely low and very low-income (3+bedrooms)rental units within the City of Redding, renter households. There is also a need for it is likely that some larger families are forced to accept continuation of program assistance which serves to smaller units than what would be the ideal for the increase the affordability of rental units occupied by family size. The Redding Housing Authority reports lower-income households. that a majority of the families on the 4+-bedroom waiting list for subsidies end up renting smaller units Rental prices in Redding have slowly increased over the due to the scarcity of appropriately sized units. past eight years. The 1990 Census reported the median rent paid in Redding to be$373. According to a survey Special Housing Needs conducted by the Redding Housing Authority in 1998, of 92 advertised and available rental units, rent figures Some population subgroups, such as the elderly, ranged from an average of $346 for 1-bedroom persons with disabilities, large families,female-headed apartments to an average of $760 for 3-bedroom households, farm workers, and the homeless have houses. Median rent for all sizes and types of rental special housing needs which may not be addressed by units surveyed was approximately$430. the conventional housing market. As required by State guidelines,the shelter needs of these special groups are Overcrowding discussed in this section. According to the 1990 Census, approximately Elderly 4.5 percent of the general population are living in overcrowded conditions. Using 1998 household According to the 1990 Census, 23.5 percent of figures, this translates to approximately Redding's households are headed by persons 65 years of 1,482 overcrowded households. An overcrowded age and older. Updated by 1998 household estimates, household is one in which more than 1.01 persons this means in Redding 7,740 households are headed by occupies each room of a dwelling unit. The Census a person 65+years of age. Approximately 71.6 percent further documents that of the overcrowded households, are homeowners (5,542 households in 1998) and 82.5 percent (in 1998, 1,223 households) are renters 28.3 percent are renters (2,190 households in 1998). and 17.5 percent (in 1998, 259 households) are homeowners. The 1990 Census reported that 61.2 percent of the elderly household had incomes at or below 80 percent of the area median, of these, 34 percent were either October 3,2000 Housing Element 15 extremely low- or very low-income. Of all very low- Housing Revenue Bonds issued by the Redding income renters, approximately 26.4 percent were Housing Authority). In 1995, the historic Lorenz reported to be elderly. Of all extremely low-income Hotel,located in Redding's Downtown,was completely renters, approximately 14 percent were reported to be rehabilitated by HUD and subsequently sold to a local elderly. Within these two groups, 77.6 percent report nonprofit organization, Shasta Housing Development overpaying for housing. Of all low-income renter Corporation (SHDC). This facility now provides households, 17.4 percent were elderly. Of these, 78 one-bedroom efficiency units for very low-income 67.1 percent reported overpaying for housing with an elderly households at affordable rents. Congregate equally high number reporting other types of housing meals and supportive services for the residents are problems. Approximately 65.6 percent of all very low- available on site. The hotel is also in close proximity to income homeowners were elderly; and of these, medical, retail, and other resources. As of December 58.7 percent reported overpaying. Due to the 1998, all units in the hotel were occupied. disproportionate number of lower-income households within the elderly population, affordability of housing There is an ongoing need for continued community tops the list of critical housing needs for this group. support for the development of additional rental units coupled with supportive services targeted to the very Another housing issue which faces many elderly low-income elderly population. households is the deterioration of their existing shelter. Homes purchased when incomes were in a higher Persons With Disabilities bracket are now unable to be maintained with a smaller retirement income. Many single-elderly householders The special housing needs of the handicapped/disabled find themselves facing the loss of their home due to a population of the area are primarily concentrated in financial inability to maintain it. According to the two areas: (1) availability of affordable units; and 1990 Census, approximately 82.4 percent of extremely (2) accessibility within the housing unit based on low-income elderly homeowners and approximately individual disabilities. Far Northern Regional Center 51.5 percent of very low-income elderly homeowners (FNRC), a nonprofit agency in the Redding area that reported experiencing some housing problems. There works exclusively with the developmentally disabled is an ongoing need for continued rehabilitation population, has stated that these are the two most assistance targeting lower-income homeowners in pervasive housing problems facing the area's general and the elderly component of that population handicapped population. in particular. It has been difficult to find accurate data which Elderly households also have a special need for housing represent the total handicapped population in Redding accessible to public transportation,community medical with special housing needs. Most agencies which serve facilities, retail centers, and possibly with greater than this population specialize in a particular type of normal security. This group on the whole is less mobile disability or age group and do not have the capacity to than the general population and accessibility of the collect overall population data. Information gathered above listed facilities and services is crucial to their by the Census is limited. In 1990, 17.9 percent of the ability to reside in any particular location. general population 16 years of age or older reported either a work-related disability,a mobility limitation,or Several housing complexes located in Redding were a self-care limitation.No information is provided which developed specifically for the elderly population. Two indicates how many of this population are homeowners, complexes, Pilgrim House with 49 units and Tree renters, or at which income level. House Senior Apartments with 63 units, reserve all units for very low-income seniors or handicapped All handicapped/disabled individuals do not have persons, due to requirements of the complexes' long- special housing needs. However, it is generally term financing, (the HUD 202 program). Another, accepted that many individuals with a disabling River Oaks Retirement Center, is obligated to keep physical handicap require some degree of modification 20 percent of its 100 units available to lower-income to their housing unit based upon the limitations of their seniors. This is a condition imposed by the terms of the individual handicap. financing source for the project (Multi-Unit Rental 16 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 In 1984, Title 24 of the State Uniform Building Code for handicapped accessibility for both renters and mandated that all multiple-family residential homeowners. construction projects containing in excess of five units under construction after September 15, 1985, would The Association For Retarded Citizens estimates that conform to specific disabled adaptability/accessibility between 1-3 percent of the general U.S.population has regulations. In 1988, the Federal government enacted a developmental disability. Assuming that the the U.S. Fair Housing Amendment Act, also with the prevalence of persons with developmental disabilities is intent of increasing the number of rental units being the same in Redding as in the general U.S.population, built which would be accessible to handicapped approximately 785-2,356 persons with developmental individuals. In July 1993,the State of California issued disabilities resided in the community in 1998. "California Multifamily Access Requirements" based upon the Act.Unfortunately,the actual increase in the Group-home living quarters for a variety of specific number of handicapped-accessible units available on disabled clientele groups have traditionally been found the current rental market has been small. According to intermixed within Redding's residential neighborhoods. City Building Division officials, less than 2 percent of Larger single-family homes are purchased or leased by the multiple-family units being constructed are,in fact, the supporting agency and house a small group of handicapped accessible. In today's rental market,little handicapped clients along with support personnel. The if any actual incentives exist to encourage a landlord to availability of these larger (4-5 bedroom) homes is cover the extra expense of converting these"adaptable" diminishing, as well as becoming cost prohibitive to units to"accessible" units. purchase and/or lease. By local zoning ordinance, residents are limited to six or fewer in number per The housing needs of several other categories of facility if located within standard single-family zoned disabled persons including those with HIV/AIDS; neighborhoods. developmentally disabled persons, including the mentally retarded;and the mentally ill are typically not A fact that compounds the housing problems of the addressed by Title 24 regulations.The housing needs of disabled population is that many fall into several of the persons with these types of disabilities, in addition to special needs categories. Many of Redding's disabled basic affordability, range from needing slight are also elderly and/or single individuals. Many of these modifications of existing units to the need for a variety households require units with a second bedroom for of supportive housing arrangements. Some of this live-in attendant care. The larger units are population can only live successfully in housing which correspondingly more expensive to rent, making provides a semi-sheltered, semi-independent living housing costs excessively expensive for fixed-income state, such as clustered group housing or other group- households. Standard move-in costs for rental units in living quarters; others are capable of living this area include first and last month's rent and a independently if affordable units are available. substantial security deposit. These amounts are prohibitive to a lower-income household, even if an FNRC reports 925 active adult clients residing in affordable unit is located. Shasta County as of December 1998. FNRC estimates that 65 percent (601 persons) could successfully Large Families transition to independent living situations with appropriate supportive services. FNRC anticipates that HUD defines"large family"as a family consisting of five the number of individuals with developmental or more members. According to the 1990 Census,large disabilities who desire to live independently within the families make up 8.5 percent (2,799 households in community and would be able to accomplish that goal 1998) of the total households in the City. with supportive services, will continue to grow. An Approximately 52.7 percent (1,475 households in increasing number of accessible affordable apartments 1998) are renter households and 47.3 percent in a variety of sizes (single-room occupancy units (1,324 households in 1998) are homeowners. As [SROs], one-, and two-bedroom), rental homes, first- discussed in the previous section on"Overcrowding,"as time homebuyer opportunities, and direct rental income decreases and family size increases, more and subsidies are needed to address the needs of this more families reside in overcrowded conditions.There population. There is also a need for retrofitting units exists in Redding a shortage of large (4+ bedrooms) October 3,2000 Housing Element 17 affordable rental units suitable for housing a "large" Minorities family.The current rent figures for the few units of this size make them unaffordable to lower-income families. The breakdown of Redding's population by ethnic group is presented in an earlier section of this The primary housing need for large families is the document,"Income and Ethnicity." The housing needs development of additional affordable housing units with of these groups are,for the most part,identical to those 4+ bedrooms. of nonminorities in Redding. All low- and moderate- income persons, regardless of ethnicity, face the major Female-Headed Households problem of housing affordability and secondly,the issue of housing availability. Housing problems existing According to the 1990 Census, 30.6 percent of all solely because of race do not appear to be an issue in households in Redding were reported to be headed by the community. a female (10,078 households in 1998). Of these households, 30.2 percent (3,044 households in 1998) Farm Workers have minor children in the household. The Redding Housing Authority reports that more than 55.7 percent Redding is located at the northern end of the of the households currently on the waiting list for Sacramento Valley, which is above the major subsidies are headed by females. agricultural areas of California. In 1990, agricultural employment comprised only 2 percent of the total wage According to the housing report, "Grasping at the and salary employment in the entire County. This Dream, California Housing: Who Can Afford the category of employment, in addition to containing Price?"prepared by the California State Senate Office traditional farm work, includes those individuals of Research in June 1990,several expert sources stated employed in the forestry industry. Individuals that female-headed families are disproportionately employed in the forestry industry typically have affected by high housing costs and are possibly the permanent housing they return to on a daily basis or are group with the most extensive housing needs. housed by the company at the various job sites, the Nationwide, two-thirds (66 percent) of all low-income majority of which are located in the mountainous areas renter families with children are composed of a female outside the County. The primary types of traditional single parent and her children. farm work in Shasta County are jobs related to strawberry plant processing, potato harvesting, and In addition to affordability issues, much of this group apiary (bee-keeping) work. has an added burden of locating units which are suitable for raising children. Features such as an According to the State Employment Development adequate number of bedrooms,play yards,fencing,and Department's (EDD) Agricultural Specialist for Shasta a physically safe neighborhood are critical issues to the County, within the Planning Area of the City of well-being of a family. Most new rental housing is Redding,there are no agricultural operations which use being built with two or fewer bedrooms. As stated temporary,seasonal farm workers. The Region 2 Office previously,according to City Building Division records, of Migrant Child Education also reports that it does not of the 245 new multiple-family units which have been perceive a need for specific housing for farm workers in constructed during the 36-month period,January 1996 the immediate Redding area. Both of these service through December 1998, 92 percent (225) had providers stated that the vast majority of farm workers two bedrooms or fewer. Existing rental units in an residing in this area are permanent, not migratory, affordable price range are typically located in older,less residents. According to both sources, EDD and desirable neighborhoods. Migrant Education, many of the families employed in farm work are of Hispanic or Southeast Asian heritage. Continuation of programs such as Family Self- Because these ethnicities tend to have larger families, Sufficiency and affordable housing new construction the difficulties described in "Large Families" and efforts will help address this group's need for decent, "Overcrowding"would apply. These problems would be affordable larger units, as well as provide access to compounded with any communication difficulties supportive services, such as child care, which are vital related to non-English-speaking households. In order to families with children. to mitigate this last difficulty on City-sponsored 18 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 programs,the Redding Housing Authority has access to clients occurs frequently as many of this population translators for many of the commonly spoken Southeast have multiple unmet needs. Asian dialects,as well as Spanish,if needed. It appears that except for those problems noted above, the Homelessness,by its very definition,implies an absence housing needs of households employed in agriculture do of basic necessities. Lack of shelter typically goes hand not differ from other households of comparable income in hand with lack of adequate food, clothing, employed elsewhere in this area. transportation, and steady income. In addition to the portion of the whole which might be double or triple Persons or Families in Need of Emergency Shelter counted, there also remains a portion of the whole which is more likely not to be counted at all. Those Article 10.6 of the Government Code requires local individuals who choose to separate themselves from governments to plan for the provision of shelters and organized society's efforts to help them remain transitional housing for homeless persons and families. uncounted. In addition,all localities must designate sites suitable to accommodate facilities capable of meeting the Little communitywide data is available to accurately identified need. tally the various categories of homeless persons. Single men, at one time considered to be the primary The following discussion attempts to identify those in component of the homeless population,today comprise the population who are currently in need of emergency only one element of the homeless population. Statistics shelter, and project an estimate of the number of from the 1997-98 winter season for the Armory shelter persons and families who are considered to be in the operated by the Shasta Homeless Shelter Coalition,which "at-risk"category. This last group would be individuals serves singles as well as family groups, reported and families whose current housing situation is so unduplicated individuals served throughout the winter fragile that the likelihood of their requiring emergency season, December 1, 1997—March 15, 1998, totaled shelter in the immediate future is high. A summary of 435, of which 289 (66 percent) were single males. existing programs and services available in the Family groups made up 34 percent of those served. community targeted to the homeless and at-risk population is also included. Complete local statistics do not exist which count the number of homeless with mental illnesses, those with The 1990 Census was the first national effort taken to alcohol or drug addictions,those diagnosed with AIDS enumerate the homeless population. Based upon or related diseases, those fleeing domestic violence, figures from the 1990 Census,the homeless population homeless youth, or any other specific subgroup. count in Redding as of April 1990 was 614 (0.9 percent Program statistics are available for most of these groups of the general population). Of these,282 (46 percent) but these only address the numbers served through were unsheltered and 332 (54 percent) were counted various available programs, not the total population at in shelters. Of the unsheltered, 14 percent were large. As mentioned previously,overlap among clients estimated to be under the age of 18. Of the sheltered between agencies occurs frequently as the vast majority homeless population,almost 34 percent were under the of homeless have many unmet needs. age of 18. The census data also indicates that in Redding, the majority of homeless, both sheltered and While national statistics should be used cautiously unsheltered, are white (86.5 percent). According to when attempting to identify a local need, for the the State in its Comprehensive Housing Affordability following categories no comprehensive local statistics Strategy (CHAS), crude estimates of statewide are available. homelessness on any given day range from 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the general population. ► National statistics generally indicate that approximately 20 percent of the homeless adult It is difficult to accurately document the extent of the population have had at least one hospitalization homeless condition in the area. Service providers for mental illness and approximately 20 percent generally are working with specialized segments of the of the currently homeless show signs and total homeless/at-risk population. Overlap among symptoms of mental illness. Approximately the • October 3,2000 Housing Element 19 same percentage show current signs and in the Life of America,for all reported crimes of domestic symptoms of mental illness and abuse alcohol or violence,there may be three times as many unreported other drugs. crimes of domestic violence. The report estimates that a woman has between a 20-30 percent chance of being • Within the national homeless population, it is physically assaulted by a partner or ex-partner during estimated that about 35-40 percent of homeless her lifetime.Nationwide, there is some indication that adults have at least one indicator of isolated rural areas such as Redding and Shasta County alcohol/other drug abuse. experience even higher incidences of domestic and family violence than do more urban areas. The Shasta ► Nationally,it has been estimated that 50 percent County Women's Refuge provided shelter to over of homeless women and children are fleeing 600 women and children during the 12-month period domestic violence. (7/97-6/98). ► It is estimated that nationally, approximately Another population group which is at risk for 15 percent of the adult homeless population has homelessness are children who have aged out of the HIV/AIDS. foster care system. At age 18,public financial support through the foster care system is withdrawn. Many of It is even more difficult to tally the at-risk portion of the victims of this policy are still in high school with no the population. These people represent a potentially means of personal financial support. Northern Valley huge addition to the overall homeless population. On Catholic Social Service operates the Independent Living the verge of homelessness,many of these at-risk people Skills Program for this population. The Program is able are in a constant state of flux between the two to work with approximately 50 individuals annually. designations. The largest element of the at-risk According to Shasta County Child Protective Services, population is made up of lower-income families, approximately 355 foster children, aged 16 years or tenuously employed or relying on public assistance who older, currently reside in Shasta County. These are currently over-paying for housing. A slight over- individuals are at risk and could potentially benefit balancing in any area of their lives can push them into from affordable housing with a supportive service homelessness. As stated in an earlier section,the 1990 component. Census reports that over 86.5 percent of extremely low- and very low-income households are paying over Many disabled persons are also severely at risk for 30 percent of their income for housing, 59 percent becoming homeless due to a variety of factors, the reported paying over 50 percent of their income to foremost of which is the poverty level income many sustain shelter. Translated into 1998 household subsist on. Other factors can include health and figures,this means approximately 6,287 households are behavioral issues. Many of the most at risk for at risk for homelessness because of high housing costs. homelessness in the disabled population are very often hard to house. There can be an impairment of mental An additional at-risk population group that transcends or emotional functioning to a degree that it interferes income categories is made up of those households with the ability to meet the ordinary demands it takes experiencing domestic violence or abusive relationships to maintain permanent housing. within the family group. These households can "explode" at anytime,fracturing the family unit and its Current programs and resources available in the support structure. Those running from the abusive community to assist the homeless and at-risk situation usually are the female and any dependent populations consist of the following: children. As mentioned previously, it has been estimated that 50 percent of homeless women and ► The Shasta County Social Services Department children nationally are fleeing domestic violence. The assists homeless families through two programs. Redding Police Department reports that they The first provides monetary assistance for shelter responded to 967 calls pertaining to domestic violence (up to 16 days) at local motels. The second in 1998, up slightly from the 925 calls responded to in provides monetary assistance to help with the 1996. According to a report from the U.S. Senate move-in costs associated with securing Judiciary Committee,Violence Against Women: A Week permanent housing. Eligible costs are utility and 20 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 security deposits,as well as the last month's rent, For the 1999 winter season, the Mission will if required. Social Services reports that they are provide the area's only emergency shelters. The able to provide the above assistance to all eligible 14-day maximum stay rule is not in effect during families on a one-time-only basis. Approximately the winter season,which began November 1 and 450 families received assistance to help them is anticipated to end March 1. The Mission has secure permanent housing during 1998. received permission from the Fire Marshal to provide overnight shelter to an additional ► Current emergency facilities to house victims of 20 men and 10 women and children per night,if domestic violence are limited. The Shasta needed, during this period of time. Additional County Women's Refuge's (Refuge) emergency services currently being provided to the homeless shelter, the only 24-hour emergency shelter for and at-risk populations include the use of free victims of domestic violence in Shasta County, shower facilities for nonresidents, operation of a provides 24 beds and some additional crib space. free medical clinic,the provision of free clothing, Up to 35 individuals can be sheltered at this and meal services three times per day. The facility on a nightly basis, if needed. When bed Mission reports that they have been near capacity space is not available,local motels are used. The for shelter services this winter and have a waiting Refuge also offers a 12-month transitional list for individuals to enter into the long-term housing/self-sufficiency program for battered program. They anticipate expansion of the long- women and their children. Presently, the term program during 1999 if additional facility transitional housing is a 1940s, 13-unit motel space can be provided. In addition, the Mission complex on the south side of Redding. will be purchasing a 12-unit older motel facility Additional space and a more appropriate location to house women and children graduating from for the facility are needed. The Refuge is in the long-term program in early 1999. escrow to purchase an existing 12-unit,multiple- family property for this purpose. The Shasta Homeless Shelter Coalition provides a variety of services to the homeless and at-risk ► Year round emergency shelter is available for populations utilizing a continuum of care model. single men and women and children through the Services include: (1)emergency motel vouchers, Good News Rescue Mission. For homeless men, (2) transitional housing, (3) deposit assistance, this evangelical organization operates a 48-bed and (4) eviction prevention. Emergency motel homeless shelter and an 18-bed transitional vouchers currently are only available to those program. Homeless men can receive meals, families or individuals unable to be served by the showers, and a bed for up to 14 days on an winter Mission facility due to its having reached emergency basis. The Mission's long-term capacity,or the size or composition of the family residency program focuses on helping its group, or health issues, or those who have residents overcome substance and alcohol already resided at the Mission facility in excess of addictions. In order to reside at the facility for one week. A limited number of transitional more than 14 consecutive days,individuals must apartment units are available for those families or be willing to work towards ending the homeless individuals who have been assisted either "lifestyle"and commit to a minimum of one year through the Mission facility or with motel in the long-term residency program. The vouchers for in excess of two weeks and who Mission's program is designed to assist residents have agreed to a written case management plan. overcome alcohol/substance abuse problems,gain Families are given first priority for these units. employment skills, and reach independence. Deposit assistance is available for those families and individuals who either have been House of Hope, a sister facility of the same participating in the transitional program or who organization, provides emergency assistance for can demonstrate ability to maintain permanent up to 42 women and children per night and housing with little or no further services. operates a 14-bed transitional program similar to Eviction prevention assistance is available to the men's residency program. families that are currently housed and have an income source sufficient to maintain that October 3,2000 Housing Element 21 housing but have experienced an unusual can be developed in commercial areas with situation resulting in the temporary loss of reduced yard requirements and at densities up to income. 21 units per acre. Various private and governmental agencies Current City zoning and land use ordinances do provide limited emergency shelter to specialized not pose an unreasonable constraint on the client groups apart from the above-mentioned development of homeless facilities. Development facilities. Shasta County Community Mental of new homeless facilities in Redding suffers Health Services is able to temporarily house up primarily from lack of sufficient funding for to 16 client households each night, utilizing projects. motel rent vouchers. In the past, existing structures have primarily New transitional and emergency housing been utilized for both emergency and transitional facilities must comply with current development facilities, such as the National Guard Armory, standards and zoning requirements. Generally, older motels, and older commercial buildings. transitional facilities would be allowed in all Often, acquisition and rehabilitation of under- multiple-family residential districts pursuant to utilized or economically obsolete structures,such adopted development standards and dependent as older motels,single-room occupancy hotels,or upon the type of facility proposed, i.e., mobile older apartment buildings, is more financially home park, apartments, boarding house, etc. feasible than new construction. Emergency shelters would be allowed in commercial districts upon issuance of a use It is important to note that the long-term success permit for the project. The project review of any program for the homeless lies at least in process ensures that common standards are part with its ability to successfully address a wide applied to all projects. Conditions imposed range of nonhousing issues. Successful during the process would be standardized, transitional housing programs must contain a objective,and no more restrictive than those for significant supportive service component that similar projects, such as hotels, apartments, or can identify and assist homeless clients to boarding houses in commercial areas. The overcome individual social, personal, and location of large vacant sites suitable for economic problems. These problems include multiple-family development is depicted in lack of job skills, lack of money management Table 3 and Figure 2. These sites would skills, significant drug and alcohol abuse, lack of generally be suitable for transitional facilities. reliable child care, lack of transportation, insufficient mental and physical health care,and Commercial property often is the most expensive other personal problems. land classification within a community;however, there is commercial land that suffers from poor Long-range alleviation of homelessness also relies exposure or a less than desirable location and upon the availability of affordable housing in the would be correspondingly less valuable. The community and availability of jobs which pay market value is determined on a dollar-per- adequate wages. Without units available at an square-foot basis representative of the affordable price, many families who have attractiveness of the property's location for struggled for months to overcome personal and business trade. Land in the more popular economic problems will find themselves once commercial core areas would very likely be too again back on the streets. For lower-income at- expensive for a homeless project. In Redding, risk households,excessive housing costs often act less expensive commercial sites are available as the agent which pushes them into along the Highway 273 corridor and in the Lake homelessness. Without employment Boulevard area which are adjacent to both opportunities, it is difficult if not impossible to medical and social services for the homeless. sustain stable living arrangements, even when Under the City's Zoning Ordinance, apartments that housing is considered affordable. 22 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Based upon testimony received during a Housing facility for the coordination of social Workshop held by the Redding Redevelopment services; a location for the receipt of mail Agency in July 1998 to discuss community and phone messages (particularly from job housing needs and staff research with the area's prospects);and an on-site,day-care center homeless service providers, there exists a need for the use of homeless children while for the following: parents are seeking employment,accessing social services, attending training, or ► Transitional housing facilities able to arranging for transitional or more house a minimum of 25 families. permanent housing. ► Transitional facilities or other supportive I. Additional supportive housing, whether housing targeting aged-out foster youth. transitional or permanent in nature, targeted to homeless individuals and ► Direct financial assistance with the costs families that are suffering from mental related to securing permanent housing illness, HIV/AIDS, drug and alcohol such as security and other required addiction, or other substantial deposits. symptomatic problems that need to be brought under control. A year-round emergency shelter which can house 60-75 individuals, including Overall increased availability of affordable families, and which can provide a daytime housing in the community. October 3,2000 Housing Element 23 TABLE 3 MAJOR VACANT RESIDENTIAL SITES Proposed Approx. General Site ID Acres Plan Zoning* Description 1 &2 15-20 acres 10-20 u/a U-FP Generally flat terrain. Two sites are to the west of I/5 along Cascade Blvd. Two sites are to the east of I/5 along Twin View Blvd. Development in this area is constrained by the need to have utility services (water,sewer) extended. 3 7 acres 10-20 u/a R3-25-F&C2 Two separate sites—approximately 3.5 acres each. Both with Lake Blvd. frontage, close to services, transit, etc. No physical constraints. Existing commercial zoning on one site inconsistent with proposed General Plan though would allow residential development. 4 37.35 acres 10-20 u/a R1 &R4 Approximately 15 net acres due to steep terrain and flood plain constraints. All services available to site. 5 4.4 acres 10-20 u/a RM-9&C3 Multiple parcels currently held in public ownership. All services available to site. Flat terrain, access off of Railroad Ave.and West St. 6 13 acres 10-20 u/a U Two sites, 8 and 5 acres respectively. Generally flat terrain. All services available to both sites. Utility easement across eastern edge of smaller site. Good access to both sites. 7 30+ acres 10-20 u/a RM-6&U Generally flat terrain. Good access off of main arterial. Close to all services, transit,etc. 8 33 acres 10-20 u/a U,U-FP Multiple adjoining parcels on the south side of Branstetter Lane Flat terrian, services available,close to transit. 9 13.21 acres 10-20 u/a R1,R2 &C2 Good access, flat terrain, all services available. Close to retail and transit.Developing area surrounded by both multifamily residential and commercial. 10 6 acres 10-20 u/a U Similar to Site 9. Good access, flat terrain, all services available. 11 20 acres 10-20 u/a U,U-FP East of Twin View Blvd. off of Poppy Hills Dr.,services available, flat to rolling terrain. 12 20 acres 10-20 u/a U North of Cypress Ave. slightly east of Churn Creek Road. Three separate sites, approximately 11 acres, 8 acres, and 3 acres. Flat terrain, all services available,close to transit. 13 11 acres 10-20 u/a RM-6, RM-12 Residential portion of larger site currently undergoing annexation. Located north of Cypress Ave. east of Victor Ave. Upon annexation, all services available. Flat terrain,close to transit. 14 44 acres 10-20 u/a U,U-FP Multiple adjoining parcels on south side of Harmell Ave.between Shasta View Dr.and Argyle. All services available,flat terrain,close to transit. 14 2.5 acres 20-30 u/a R-3,R-4 Multiple small scattered in-fill sites. All close to transit,flat terrain, all services available. * Current zoning may be inconsistent with proposed General Plan designation. See discussion regarding zoning ordinance update in the "Governmental Constraints"Section. 24 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 SHASTA DAM h h O 'tee W Qy Q w O k____ {yACk fR �\e�` o� C,S, o h c3 .ii _ `© PS\Gi °II QUAPrz H'L4 COMMUNITY IC) COLLEGE SR 299 \G,A DAM Z A Z 3 F r�. AA 13 .. NTOQ, 1 SR 299 K urrE: N• * RAS t` � Oft* 1 13 .... ‘4‘ b. ' .11Ira '.O fi ` •BPAR Alia LLCYPRESSO HARTNE A�� •/ 1111 ` ,4�_ 5R as i: ,II 5 O 6 1=U ce .Q 1 111- 12 9 ` \ 8 g00E�ER �� BONEN �'� RANCHO r I ill W La cc U cc z °a ' z REDOING VAN '. U < 'I MUNICIPAL AIRPORT CREEK `+ • CLEAR /..:� •\ 1 .iii �► 11112 H 'OD 11,11 Gq \\ DERSCH ?, J yT Lis S D:\GP\NACRES Figure 2 Major Vacant Residential Sites N W E Housing Element s 25 October 3,2000 ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE HOUSING NEEDS HCD further estimated the number of new housing BASED UPON REGIONAL SHARE FIGURES units that would be needed to adequately house the larger population. The unit count included additional The regional housing share figures used in this analysis units HCD felt were necessary to address vacancy were provided by the State Department of Housing and deficits identified by HCD in 1991 and a replacement Community Development (HCD) in 1991 based upon factor for units anticipated by HCD to be demolished the growth experienced in the region and throughout over the planning period. Together, these factors the State during the decade of the 1980s and (population growth, vacancy factor, and replacement anticipated at that time to continue into the next factor) resulted in the projected basic construction decade. As current population numbers show,Redding need for Redding of 8,699 additional units. Of these, has experienced slower growth than predicted in 1991. 3,566 units were identified as needed to house lower- Housing starts over the past eight years have also not income households. met 1991 expectations. HCD has stated that no new regional share numbers will be generated until the next In order to bring these figures current, the number of mandated Housing Element revision in 2003. For that actual residential units that have been constructed in reason, HCD has advised that the population Redding since January 1, 1991 (HCD calculations are projections provided in 1991 should continue to be based on existing housing units, vacancy rates, and used. population figures as of January 1, 1991), have been subtracted from the projected need figures in Table 5. In 1991, the State Department of Housing and These constructed units have been designated by Community Development projected that by July 1997, income category. Units constructed utilizing Federal, Redding's population would consist of State, or local funding that required affordability of 34,433 households. (As of January 1, 1998, the State project units; new homeownership units targeted to Department of Finance (DOF) estimated that only low- and very low-income households; and 32,935 households actually resided in Redding.) The manufactured housing units make up the count of low- regional share figures resulted in a net increase of and very low-income units. The remainder of the new 7,098 new households over the 1991 DOF population units constructed were designated moderate and above- estimate. Table 4 illustrates this household projection moderate units. broken down by income group. TABLE 4 California State Department of Housing and Community Development HOUSEHOLD PROJECTION FIGURES FOR REDDING January 1, 1991 to July 1,2003 Number of Percent Anticipated Percent Anticipated Households Number of Increase in of of January 1, Population Households Population Households by 1991 July 1, 2003 Income Group INCOME GROUP Very low 6,014 22 percent 7,575 22 percent +1,561 Other lower 5,193 19 percent 6,542 19 percent +1,349 Moderate 5,467 20 percent 6,887 20 percent +1,420 Above moderate 10,667 39 percent 13,429 39 percent +2,768 TOTAL 27,341 100 percent 34,433 100 percent +7,098 Source: California State Department of Housing&Community Development 26 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 TABLE 5 California State Department of Housing&Community Development BASIC CONSTRUCTION NEEDS FOR REDDING January 1, 1991 to July 1,2003 BY COMPONENTS: (*) Housing Units Household Increase 7,098 1991 Vacancy Need 740 2003 Vacancy Need 439 Replacement Need 1991-2003 422 TOTAL PROJECTED NEED 8,699 (*) Basic Construction Needs were calculated using the following: A homeownership percentage of 53.5; a vacant,not-for-sale-or-rent percentage of 2; and an annual removal rate of.002. Above Very Low Low Moderate Moderate Total BY INCOME GROUP: Income Income Income Income Units Need as of January 1991 1,914 1,652 1,740 3,393 8,699 Constructed January 1991 through 102 72 1,740 2,741 4,655 December 1998 Units Needed from January 1999 to July 2003 1,812 1,580 0 652 4,044 Units Needed Per Year 403 351 0 145 899 Source: California State Department of Housing and Community Development Regional Housing Needs Plan for Shasta County,October 1991; updated 1999 by the City of Redding. Over the past eight years, private construction of expensive to rent. The construction of units affordable residential units has averaged approximately 580 units to the community's lower-income households will most per year. This is far slower that the 1,200 units per year likely come about through public-private partnerships. pace predicted locally in 1991. Looking at the most Based upon past experience, it is likely that additional immediate past four years, 1995-1998, the pace is affordable projects will require the creative use of a slower yet, averaging slightly under 445 residential variety of sources of financing. Federal,State,and local units per year. City of Redding Building Division public funding sources will be highly sought after as will officials feel it is unlikely that this rate will accelerate nontraditional private resources such as banking substantially in the near future. industry lending consortiums and grant funds. Historically, most private market single-family units The City will continue to pursue the provision of have been constructed in the mid to upper price ranges. affordable housing for lower-income residents through Privately built multiple-family units are usually a multifaceted strategy which includes rehabilitation of constructed as for-profit ventures and the rents are the existing housing stock, provision of direct rental structured based upon existing market conditions.In a housing subsidies, operation of supportive housing rental market such as Redding's with high vacancy programs which train families to be economically self- rates, very few new units are being built by the private sufficient, preservation of existing affordable housing market and, those that are, are among the most units, as well as facilitating the construction of new, October 3,2000 Housing Element 27 affordable units. Program efforts to facilitate new anticipated to be needed to house the overall construction of affordable units are discussed in detail population increase projected in the HCD regional in the 1999-2003 ACTION PROGRAM section. As can share figures for Redding. be readily seen from the tables,the projected need over the next four years is far greater than the currently As discussed in previous sections regarding existing and identified sources of financing for affordable projects. projected housing costs within the City of Redding, moderate- and median-income households can LAND INVENTORY &SITE AVAILABILITY generally find affordable housing within the single- family or lower-density (6-10 units per acre) multiple- Residential Classifications Holding Capacity; family categories. The development of housing Inventory of Major Vacant Sites affordable to lower-income households is generally considered to be more likely to occur at higher Housing element law requires the element to contain densities. Development at higher densities can, under an identification of land in the community that is certain circumstances, result in overall lower per-unit suitable for residential development commensurate costs. These savings would be the result of potentially with the community's share of the regional housing lower per-unit/per-acre land costs; possible lower per- need for all income levels. Table 6 reflects the total unit,on-site costs for shared building components such current acreage count for all categories of residentially as common walls, common tenant areas, parking, classified land, the potential number of units which landscaping, etc.; and potentially lower per-unit costs could be developed within each category, and the for required off-site infrastructure such as street estimated population able to be housed under each improvements or utility extensions. The savings, category, as reflected in the revised General Plan conceivably, could pass down to future residents as Diagram. As can readily be seen,there exists sufficient correspondingly lower housing costs. residential land to accommodate the number of units TABLE 6 General Plan Holding Capacity Residential Land Uses Land Use Designations Assumed Typical Acres Dwelling Units Population' Residential Density RESIDENTIAL(dwelling unit per acre [du/a]) 1 du/5 ac 1 du/5 ac 5,747 1,149 2,713 1 du/1 to 5 ac 1 du/2.5 ac 9,645 3,858 9,105 1-2 du/a 1.5 du/a 3,985 5,978 14,107 2-3.5 du/a 2.75 du/a 12,489 34,345 81,054 3.5-6 du/a 4.75 du/a 2,160 10,260 24,214 6-10 du/a 8 du/a 1,700 13,600 32,096 10-20 du/a 15 du/a 1,021 15,315 36,143 20-30 du/a 25 du/a 33 825 1,947 TOTAL N/A 36,780 85,330 201,379 ' Assumes an average of 2.36 persons per dwelling unit. NOTE: Development of mixed-use projects within the"Mixed Use Overlay"Districts and in the Downtown area would increase the buildout population by approximately 10,000 to 15,000 persons. 28 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Two residential land classifications, 10-20 units per higher density classifications primarily on level terrain, acre and 20-30 units per acre are utilized by the very little reduction in gross acreage is anticipated in General Plan to identify locations where higher density this area. Wetland issues are also not anticipated to residential development would be appropriate. affect most of the land in these categories. Table 7 Generally, developments in these ranges would be clearly indicates that sufficient land is available within located on arterial or collector streets,served by public the higher density classifications to accommodate the transit. The highest densities would generally be near anticipated population growth during the planning employment centers and retail facilities. Construction period and into the future. at these densities on slopes exceeding 8 percent would be difficult and cost prohibitive,therefore,the majority As previously noted,Table 3 and Figure 2 identify 15 of of this type of land is relatively level. the more significant multiple-family vacant parcels by location,general plan designation and zoning,acreage, Table 5 previously identified a need to develop 3,392 and development characteristics. The parcels new units over the planning period to adequately house identified in the table and map all lie within the the anticipated growth in lower-income households. existing City limits or are currently undergoing The development of 3,392 units requires a minimum of annexation. All are on or adjacent to major arterials. 339 acres of land at 10 du/a, 226 acres at 15 du/a, and The sites have access to public transportation, and to 170 acres of land at 20 du/a. retail and other service facilities. The terrain varies but is generally level to slightly sloping, allowing for Based upon the General Plan Diagram for the revised potential development of the maximum number of General Plan,Table 7 identifies the total gross acreage units.Parcels in the far northern portion of the City are within the two higher density land classifications, the somewhat constrained by high off-site infrastructure amount of undeveloped acreage currently available for costs related to the extension of water and sewer development, and the number of dwelling units that services. The City and the County have initiated the could potentially be accommodated both in the entire process to establish a joint redevelopment project in the planning area and the existing City limits. As can be vicinity of these properties. Upon adoption, seen from the table, over 467 acres of vacant land is redevelopment resources could assist with the cost of currently available at these densities. Using the infrastructure improvements making development more midrange density calculation as the baseline, between feasible. 7,037-9,375 additional units could be constructed at buildout of the currently available vacant land. There The sites identified at the highest density are all located is sufficient vacant land located within the existing City slightly northeast of downtown Redding within the boundaries to provide for the construction of between urban core and can be characterized as in-fill sites. 6,302-8,395 of these units. These sites are all flat with full urban services available. The inventory of vacant sites classified at these Identification of Sites Appropriate For densities is sufficient to provide for the construction of Intensification of Use substantially more units than have been projected to be needed to adequately house the anticipated population In addition to the vacant sites identified as suitable for growth over the planning period. The number of units new development of multiple-family units,sites located potentially able to be constructed has been determined within several older residential neighborhoods in based upon total gross acreage within each category. Redding might be suitable for redevelopment to higher Local development standards addressing parking, density use. In December 1998, the Redding landscaping, setbacks, or open space do not require a Redevelopment Agency authorized the development of deduction from gross acreage for these items when master plans for several of Redding's older residential calculating the actual development potential of an neighborhoods. It is anticipated that as part of the individual site. Individual site characteristics such as planning process,higher density residential uses will be slope or wetland delineation, however, might reduce considered. The neighborhoods to be studied include the amount of units able to be constructed on specific the Parkview Neighborhood, the Martin Luther King, sites and would be taken into consideration when Jr. Neighborhood, and residential neighborhoods actual development occurs. Due to the siting of the adjacent to the Downtown business core. Additionally, October 3,2000 Housing Element 29 TABLE 7 HIGHER DENSITY CLASSIFICATIONS HOLDING CAPACITY Potential Additional Land Use Designation Total Acres Vacant Dwelling Units Acres Vacant within Acres City's within Sphere City Sphere Sphere City City RESIDENTIAL(dwelling unit per acre [du/a]) 15 du/a 20 du/a 15 du/a 20 du/a 10-20 du/a 1,018 465.0 416.0 6,975 9,300 6,240 8,320 25 du/a 30 du/a 25 du/a 30 du/a 20-30 du/a 33 2.5 2.5 62 75 62 75 TOTAL 1,051 467.5 418.5 7,037 9,375 6,302 8,395 as part of the revised General Plan, a Mixed Use Core The City has owned and operated the community's classification has been applied to the entire Downtown primary water system since 1938. The City water utility area. This classification allows for residential densities supplies water to the majority of City residents and up to 50 dwelling units per acre. Under the Mixed Use businesses. Portions of the City continue to be served Core designation, residential uses could be combined by three independent water districts, Shasta, Bella with a variety of nonresidential uses within a single, Vista,and Centerville. Coordination between the City multistoried building. At this density, there would be and the various districts is generally provided by an emphasis on strong pedestrian orientation, with all "annexation agreements" which ensure that systems amenities located conveniently within walking distance. and fire flows are constructed and maintained in It is anticipated that in order to achieve this density accordance with City of Redding standards. The and optimum configuration,redevelopment of existing principal source of supply for the City's system is the Downtown street patterns and land uses would be Sacramento River, with secondary reliance on a series necessary. The development of a specific plan for the of deep water wells, and Whiskeytown Lake via the Downtown, incorporating the mixed-use concept, has Spring Creek conduit. Annual delivery capacity in been approved by the City Council and is expected to 1998 was over 40,000 acre feet of water from all sources be adopted by December 2000. (sufficient to accommodate approximately 139,000 people). The City operates the system as a INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS AND LIMITING self-supporting utility. Following the completion of the FACTORS General Plan process,the 1989 Water Master Plan will be updated to reflect new growth projections contained The City of Redding provides the majority of utility in the new General Plan. The current capacity is services to residential units within the City limits sufficient to accommodate the level of population including water, electrical service, solid waste disposal growth anticipated during the planning period of the and waste water services. A summary of the current Housing Element. Delivery system expansion will be status of these services and future capacity is provided dependent upon development activity and availability below. Utilities to newly annexed property in the City of funding. are transitioned over time from private vendors to City services. The City of Redding owns, operates, and maintains a power generation,transmission and distribution system 30 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 within its City limits. The City purchases or produces least to the year 2017. In 1995, the City completed wholesale power and delivers it to its customers. All of construction of a new solid waste transfer station. The the power is received at three delivery points: the facility also has the capability of processing materials Western Area Power Administration's (Western) collected by curbside recycling programs and contains Keswick Dam 115kV switchyard, the Western/City a household hazardous waste drop-off area and Airport 230/115kV Substation, and the City-owned temporary storage facility,a drop-off area for recyclable 13.8kV Redding Power Plant. Power is transmitted materials, a green waste drop-off and processing area, from these delivery points over the City-owned and a composting area. The facility is designed to 115kV bulk transmission lines to the City's distribution operate at a 750-ton-per-day (tpd) throughput, which substations. In 1998, Redding served approximately is the anticipated peak tonnage at approximately 38,034 customers (meters). Of these, approximately 20 years of operation. In 1998, the facility processed 83.8 percent were residential units. To continue to and transferred an average of 257 tons of material each provide electric service to both current and anticipated day. residents and businesses at the lowest possible rates, while maintaining system reliability in an All school districts within the City of Redding charge environmentally responsible manner, the City actively school fees to developers to assist with the cost of pursues the development of new power resources. buildings and facilities to accommodate a growing student population. School capacity will continue to be The City of Redding provides all waste water services an issue throughout the planning period. Several within the City limits. The City currently relies upon overcrowded area school districts have attempted two regional wastewater treatment facilities, Clear recent bond issues to help finance facility expansion Creek Treatment Plant and the Stillwater Treatment with mixed success. Several other school districts have Plant, for all its wastewater treatment needs. The two reported declining enrollments over the past two years. plants have a current combined capacity to process 12.8 These latter districts typically are serving a student million gallons of wastewater daily,or 42,200 residential population drawn from both inside and outside the household equivalents. The Clear Creek Plant has Redding Planning Area and have little new been designed for future expansion up to 19.4 million development occurring within their respective district. gallons per day (mgd) (8.8 mgd currently) as City growth requires additional capacity. Stillwater has been The City requires developers of all types of projects to designed for future expansions to 6.0 mgd in the 2003 contribute to the cost of providing streets, street and to 8.0 mgd in the year 2010, as future growth lighting,curb,gutter,and sidewalk improvements, and requires additional capacity. With proposed future other infrastructure, such as storm drains and sewer expansions,the two systems will have sufficient capacity lines impacted by the development. Developer to accommodate population growth forecasted to occur contributions can be in the form of impact fees or during the planning period. It is anticipated that the actual construction or improvement of affected Wastewater Utility Master Plan will be updated by the infrastructure. The City also pursues all available State end of 1999 in conjunction with the adoption of the and Federal funds for these projects. updated General Plan. In summary, while cost factors to provide utility Solid waste disposal services are provided by the City at services, educational services, and an adequate competitive rates for all City residents. Shasta County transportation system will continue to increase over the has contracted with the City for the management and planning period, all these elements will have adequate operation of a jointly used landfill facility. Under capacity to serve the anticipated growth during the existing State permits, the landfill has sufficient same period,as long as adequate funding is available for capacity to accommodate the disposal of solid waste at necessary improvements and extensions. October 3,2000 Housing Element 31 only with availability of essential services; (3) be GOVERNMENTAL CONSTRAINTS TO compatible with the site's natural topography; MAINTENANCE, IMPROVEMENT, (4) protect limited environmental resources; AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING (5) enhance the community's image; (6) preserve existing neighborhoods; (7) assist in the development of transportation alternatives; (8)be distinctive,of high quality, and contribute to the positive image of the Housing affordability is influenced by factors in both City; (9)improve pedestrian safety; (10)be reflective of the private and public sectors. Actions by the City can the neighborhood in which it is located; and have an impact on the price and availability of housing (11) contain aesthetically pleasing roadways. Not all in the City. Land-use controls, such as the development is expected to meet all these goals. In implementation of the City's General Plan,land zoning, many cases there will be a balance struck between building code enforcement, and on- and off-site potentially conflicting goals. For example, achieving a improvement requirements, as well as fees and more compact urban form leads to higher-density infill exactions, permit processing, and other local actions projects, but this must be considered in the context of intended to improve the overall quality of housing,may preserving the character of existing neighborhoods. serve as a constraint to housing development. This Some goals represent absolute thresholds that the chapter discusses these possible constraints to community has requested new development adhere to, development and the actions the City will take or has such as protection of environmental resources. Others taken to mitigate the negative effects. are expressions of an ideal condition to be incrementally achieved over time, such as LAND USE CONTROLS enhancement of the community's image,development of transportation alternatives, and contributing to General Plan overall community aesthetics. The City of Redding General Plan sets forth policies Zoning applicable to nearly all development. The Community Development and Design (CDD) Element of the The Zoning Ordinance is the City's principal tool for General Plan and corresponding zoning provide for a effecting the land use proposals of the General Plan. full range of residential types and densities spread Redding's Zoning Ordinance establishes various zoning throughout the City. Each residential category includes districts which control both land use and development a density range (minimum and maximum densities). standards. Redding's Zoning Ordinance includes a Within the residential categories,density ranges from 1 wide variety of residential districts including both unit per 5 acres to 30 units per acre. Within the Mixed single- and multiple-family development, as well as Use Core designation, residential density may be numerous combining districts which serve to address permitted up to 50 units per acre. Variations in density special residential situations, such as accessory and private market conditions will determine the types apartments, mobile homes, etc. of housing produced. Within any given General Plan density range actual density will depend upon site The City has adopted development standards as part of characteristics, surrounding land use and the site the Zoning Ordinance which address usable open layout. space, slope density standards, and building setbacks. These provide for passive and active recreational The CDD Element of the General Plan contains opportunities,reduce hillside erosion and water course 21 broad goals, each with specific underlying policy siltation, and protect the public health and safety by statements. The goals and policies when adopted, in slowing the spread of fires and ensuring adequate light conjunction with the Zoning Ordinance,will direct the and air passage. form and substance of development activities occurring within the City over the next twenty years. Based upon Development standards for single-family housing are these stated goals,new residential development ideally largely incorporated in the Subdivision Ordinance, should accomplish the following: (1) further the which addresses parks and open space, slope density achievement of a more compact urban form; (2) occur standards, and street design. Development standards 32 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 for multiple-family housing is largely addressed in the of unit. As discussed more fully later in this section, Zoning Ordinance. The current Zoning Ordinance the City has adopted a Density Bonus Program addresses building setback, height, separation, lot pursuant to State law which allows for the reduction of coverage, and minimum lot size requirements. Table 8 development standards, if needed, to assist in the illustrates the general development standards required development of affordable housing units. for various categories of residential development. These development standards are viewed as necessary Building Code Enforcement to protect public health, safety, and welfare and maintain the quality of life, and are not considered Building construction standards in Redding are based constraints to the development of housing. upon the 1994 Uniform Building Code. This code is updated every three years as per State requirements In order to ensure consistency with the new General with subsequent adoption by the City. It is anticipated Plan classification categories and proposed General Plan that the 1997 code will be adopted sometime in 1999. Diagram, the Zoning Ordinance text and map will be The City also utilizes the Uniform Plumbing Code, reviewed and revised as necessary. In December 1999, Housing Code, Electrical Code, Uniform Mechanical the City entered into a contract with an outside Code,and enforces Title 24 regarding accessibility and consulting firm to start this process. energy provisions. Generally,the City does not require stricter construction standards than are contained in Also, to implement policies in the CDD Element, these codes. However,a variety of code revisions have following the adoption of the new General Plan been implemented which address unit security,energy additional residential development standards are conservation, fire safety, and increased structural proposed to be developed and incorporated into the requirements based upon the area's winter climate. City's Zoning Ordinance. Several of the anticipated These revisions are not considered constraints to modifications to the Zoning Ordinance would provide development as the cost factors in meeting the additional opportunities for development of affordable heightened requirements are minor. Redding does not housing. These potential amendments include: enforce a stricter seismic code than required by State law. • Allowing duplexes and other residential dwelling types within appropriate single-family zoning Over the past eighteen months, the City has districts under certain conditions. established a proactive approach to the enforcement of building code standards for existing dwelling units. In • Allowing guest houses/second units in single- the past, existing units were inspected only when family residential districts consistent with complaints were received by the City, or when an Government Code Section 65852.2. owner sought a permit for additional construction. In 1998,the City amended the Municipal Code to reflect ► Allowing reduced parking requirements for the community's desire to address the problem of mixed-use projects. unsightly, unsafe buildings scattered throughout the community. The Code Enforcement staff of the ► Creating an incentive package,possibly through Building Division are charged with the responsibility of amendment of the Zoning Ordinance, to identifying commercial and residential properties encourage infill development. citywide that pose a serious threat to the health,safety, and welfare of the community and resolving the It is anticipated that these amendments could have a situation. Property owners are expected to comply with positive effect upon affordable multiple-family requests to cure identified code violations within a development from the perspective of increasing overall reasonable time frame or full abatement of the structure project quality, improving accessibility, and increasing could occur. To the extent possible, all existing on-site amenities such as open space, parking, storage, program resources are made available to interested landscaping and recreational facilities. To the extent owners to help resolve the code violation issues. that heightened design standards do not render a project economically infeasible, these standards would Code enforcement efforts support the stated General not act as a constraint to the development of this kind Plan goals of preserving and enhancing existing October 3,2000 Housing Element 33 I pio v I.. _ .3 1 L 4, (I, ^0 w v no ° = cci 0 o E 0 0 0 a 5 c* ct -d a : o m -0 ° 7,-,, y y .3 ct U a 0Nant ct 0 E47'" .O Gtis. ppC ° l oa n i rYrrm c (.40 to-0 r1 a °' no aJ 0 a a V H to v C-- v .4e),UN a a a) e3 — E ER N�. NU N A . o �ov =") o • "' 0 6 , E F a '. Q, C G �c � .epCGC1.1CC CCa 4 `° •° Ca a) z aOxa z .2 w - cn U) ' 1�1 O y a) • [L en4. v, O 1-• v1 o Cr) .r ir1 u, �y N ~ TwcnoG `� wuoe4 A cn c%) g u: cn c4 w cn cL w cn a; -- w cn cG N w cn — N A a 7 y V v G .3 a w 77 a• .0 Q. 7 U h >CG U co E-1 r� ad `r u, a ;° a a .tr0 o 'ti v, C > > - u N } . O Ca O z 'tCr O Ov -. paCi e.., O w Q' E C+ L N U, o J °' C C C 0 N go o --d 7. Cr) cn WA > — W0 0 • r:4 r.+ aOM • O y s4::) N v O N O a) w O 8 w O E w E E m . W. E 5 z O E U_ x - ra . - m . - 0 m 3 " - o . E 3 li • W N a1 p > co u > O ••7 O 8 0 O v • p•- o aJ Q cn a, Q � � o C C L 4- c. LCC C v C U , a) 'b `nin `D \O ON p0 0 .b Ooo eV r. C 4 U N M M so - o o O Z U X 0 0 T 0 lJ cE O ca h aJ G v . O wp Xp n.'O a-0 > as U g •,-+ a•� O 4 a C) u C 'n (n C Q .d ro a' ." a y % as N h M C H •e!- g u NC) a4cG cGr� ci' ciC oGriCl C 34 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 neighborhoods; maintaining Redding's basic quality of under specified conditions,provide for modification of life including the availability of affordable and decent the City's development standards and include the housing; and reversing the trend of deterioration in following: some of Redding's neighborhoods. Within the Zoning Ordinance (Municipal Code On-and Off-Site Improvements Section 18.19.095) developers of housing for seniors are allowed an automatic 100 percent increase in Redding, like most cities in California, requires assigned density and granted development standard developers to provide a full complement of on-and off- waivers, such as reduced parking requirements which site improvements including streets, curb, gutter, add to the affordability of projects. sidewalk, street trees, drainage, water, sewer, electric and communication utilities, and in some cases, traffic The City has adopted a Condominium Conversion mitigations. The cost of these improvements is passed Ordinance (Municipal Code Chapter 17.50) which on to the eventual buyers or tenants in the form of encourages new condominium construction rather than higher purchase prices or increased rents. conversions in order to assist in maintaining an adequate supply of rental housing. In addition, a Given the prevailing public sentiment to require new 10 percent density bonus is available under certain development to pay its own way rather than have the conditions. existing residents pay the cost through a broader base of financial support such as local taxes, it is unlikely that The City's Accessory Apartment Ordinance(Municipal the cost burden of site improvements will markedly Code Chapter 18.45) was adopted to allow the decrease in the near future. development of second units adjacent to existing single-family homes under certain conditions. The The City has adopted off-street parking requirements stated purpose was to add inexpensive rental units to for all residential developments (Municipal Code the City's housing stock to meet the needs of smaller Chapter 18.62). These range from two covered spaces low- and moderate-income households; to provide per single-family dwelling,to a formula based number of homeowners of larger homes an opportunity to open spaces required for multiple-family projects based maintain their present home in a more affordable upon the total number of units and bedrooms in the manner; to act as a transition between new higher individual project. It is felt that these requirements density areas and established lower density areas; and guard the public health and safety by discouraging to allow additional development in established single- burglaries,vandalism, and car theft. The initial higher family areas that are classified "multiple family" under cost is offset by long-term savings to the public and in the General Plan. It is anticipated that the current police service costs. These requirements are also seen Municipal Code will be modified in the near future to as a means of enhancing the community's appearance. make it more consistent with State Government Code Some modification of these requirements is allowed for Section 65852.2, regulating this type of development. certain types of development. For example, senior Anticipated changes should make it more likely that citizen projects can be developed at 50 percent of the additional second units will be built. off-street parking required for conventional apartments. Also,there is flexibility to reduce parking for mixed use The City's Planned Development Ordinance development which can lower development costs for (Municipal Code 18.36) allows density bonuses of up to certain categories of development. Table 8 on the 50 percent of the General Plan classification for previous page illustrates the City's parking requirements residential projects built under the "planned for different types of development. development" model. Miscellaneous Finally,the City's Density Bonus Ordinance(Municipal Code 18.07) follows current State law which requires The City of Redding facilitates the development of that density bonuses of at least 25 percent be available affordable housing through the implementation of to developers of both single-family and multiple-family several sections of the Municipal Code.These sections, units if: October 3,2000 Housing Element 35 1. Twenty percent of the developed units are kept fees, traffic impact fees, and school impact fees. It is affordable for lower-income households (income estimated that City development fees contribute less than 80 percent of the median); or approximately 7-10 percent to the overall cost of housing development. 2. Ten percent of the developed units are kept affordable for very low-income households (less Fees collected on zoning and subdivision applications than 50 percent of the area median); or presently do not cover staff costs for processing the application. Building fees represent the estimated cost 3. Fifty percent of the total units are set aside for of service for processing,plan check,inspection,etc. In senior citizens (62 years or older; 55 years or addition to building and development fees,zoning,and older if a senior citizen development). subdivision application fees,subdividers are required to dedicate land to be developed into neighborhood parks The Density Bonus Ordinance allows for the approval or pay a per-unit fee in lieu thereof (or both) as a of additional development concessions if it is shown condition of approval of a final map or parcel map that the affordable project would be financially (Municipal Code 17.42). Current development impact infeasible to develop without the concessions. fees fall short of the amount of money needed to pay for facilities which will be used by new development. In an effort to make this particular mechanism a more effective and more widely used tool for affordable PROCESSING AND PERMIT PROCEDURES housing development, during 2000 Housing Division staff, in conjunction with the City Planning Division, Development within the City of Redding is subject to will review and, where appropriate, revise the Density a review process overseen by the City's Development Bonus Ordinance. It is anticipated that as part of the Services Department. Some form of discretionary process, input will be sought from local residential approval (tentative subdivision map, use permit, developers and from other communities with successful variance, building permit, etc.) must be obtained prior programs. to initiation of most construction activities. Currently, residential development proposals are typically FEES AND EXACTIONS approved at the requested density level, provided the request is consistent with the site's General Plan land Various fees and assessments are charged by the City to use classification and zoning. Independent of the Draft cover the costs of processing permits and providing General Plan policies,City Council has directed staff to services and facilities, such as utilities, schools, and revise sections of the Zoning Code to reduce the infrastructure. Nearly all these fees are assessed amount of development which requires a discretionary through a pro rata share system, based on the permit. magnitude of the project's impact or on the extent of the benefit which will be derived. These fees,however, The review process in Redding is governed by four contribute to the cost of housing and may constrain the levels of decision-making authority: City Council, development of lower priced units. In order to mitigate Planning Commission,Board of Administrative Review, this effect on affordable housing projects, other and the Director of Development Services. In order to programs such as Density Bonuses, State and Federal expedite the processing of routine and simple use funded construction programs, and tax free Mortgage permits and variances (zoning exceptions), the City, Revenue Bond Financing, which all serve to greatly has utilized an administrative permit procedure for the reduce overall production costs, are promoted by the past ten years. These permits may be processed and City. approved by the Director of Development Services instead of the Board of Administrative Review or Table 9 presents typical development fees associated Planning Commission, and do not require a public with the construction of a single-family house of four hearing. various sizes. Similarly,Table 10 summarizes the typical development fees associated with the construction of a A wide variety of discretionary permits are processed by fourplex. The fees include various building permits and the City's Planning Division. Most permits can be plan check fees, development fees, water and sewer processed in from two weeks up to four months if an 36 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 environmental impact report(EIR)or other study is not associated with new multiple-family projects. As of required. This processing time is well within the time January 1999, approximately 75 percent of permit limits established by the Permit Streamlining Act requests were processed within the allotted time. Due (Public Resources Code Section 21100 et. seq.) to the City's efforts to expedite the approval process,it is not felt that the amount of time necessary for The City Building Division has established 10 working processing applications and following existing permit days as its goal for processing permits for new single procedures is a constraint to development. family dwelling units and 15 working days for permits October 3,2000 Housing Element 37 TABLE 9 ESTIMATED FEES FOR TYPICAL SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCE [3-bedroom,2-bath house,2-car (20'x24'garage)] Living Space 1,200 sf 1,500 sf 1,800 sf 2,100 sf Building Fees: Building $ 636 $ 726 $ 804 $ 852 Electric 85 98 110 123 Plumbing 130 130 130 130 Mechanical 55 55 55 55 Plan Check 413 472 522 568 SMIP/microfilm 45 47 50 52 TOTAL $1,364 $1,528 $1,671 $1,780 Development Fees: Park Fund $ 406 $ 406 $ 406 $ 406 Electric Service 100 100 100 100 Capital Improvement 200 200 200 200 Storm Drain 168 198 228 258 Traffic Fees 942 942 942 942 TOTAL $1,816 $1,846 $1,876 $1,906 Water&Sewer Fees: Sewer $2,561 $2,561 $2,561 $2,561 Water Meter 55 55 55 55 Water Connect 2,071 2,071 2,071 2,071 TOTAL $4,687 $4,687 $4,687 $4,687 School Fees: $2,328 $2,895 $3,474 $4,053 TOTALS $10,195 $10,956 $11,708 $12,426 The City of Redding has established benefit districts to fund public improvements that relate to specific geographic areas. These are in addition to the above fees. Such fees apply to storm drainage and street improvements. Source: Development Services Department-Building Division-December 14, 1998 38 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 TABLE 10 ESTIMATED FEES FOR MULTIPLE-FAMILY PROJECT (2-story,fourplex with 1,000 sq.ft.units with one 12'x22'garage per unit-600 sq.ft.on bottom,400 sq.ft.on top, 2-bedroom,2-bathroom,one 100-amp meter each unit,plus a 60-amp house meter.) Sq Ft $Rate/Sq Ft Valuation (from II. Bldg Valuation Data) Multiple Family 4,000 x 56.10 = $224,400 Garages 1,056 x 21.50 = 22,704 Total Value = $247,104 A. Permit Fees 1. Building permit cost from I. Valuation Conversion Data $ 1,362 2. Plan check—65 percent of building fee 885 3. Electrical— .040 x 5,056 sq ft plus$17.70 app fee 220 4. Mechanical— a. Application fee = $17.70 b. 4 furnace heaters x$10.60 = $42.40 c. 4 a/c units x$10.60 = $42.40 d. 12 exhaust fans x$5.30 = $63.60 166 5. Plumbing— a. Application fee = $17.70 b. 8 water closets + 8 bath lavies + 8 tub/showers + 4 kitchen sinks + 4 washing machines x$7.10 =$227 c. 4 water heaters x$8.80 = $35.20 d. Lawn sprinklers = $10.60 e. Sewer pipe = $17.70 f. 8 gas outlets = $7.10 315 SUBTOTAL $ 2,948 B. Development Fees 1. Capital improvement— $200 plus $100 ea unit (4 units x$100 = 400) 600 2. Storm drain— $.10 per square foot 346 3. Park development— $217 per unit plus $27 ea bedroom 976 4. Electric meters— $100 per meter (5 meters x$100) 500 SUBTOTAL $ 2,442 C. School Fees—$1.93 x 4,000 sq ft $ 7,720 D. Sewer Fees—2 HE units (4 units x .5 HE/unit) x$2,561 $ 5,122 E. Water Fees— 1" meter without box $ 100 F. Water Connection Fee $ 5,177 SUBTOTAL $ 10,399 G. Traffic Fees 2,652 TOTAL $ 26,161 October 3,2000 Housing Element 39 three-bedroom home in the City of Redding. These NONGOVERNMENTAL CONSTRAINTS same development factors would affect development of TO MAINTENANCE, IMPROVEMENT, multiple-family units as well. AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING Average construction costs in the City of Redding in 1999 range between $45 and $90 per square foot for single-family residential construction and $45 and Nongovernmental or "market" constraints are those $60 per square foot for multiple-family construction. factors which limit the availability and affordability of housing,but over which the local government has little AVAILABILITY OF FINANCING or no control. State law requires that the Housing Element contain a general analysis of these constraints According to the Shasta County Board of Realtors, as a basis for possible actions by the local government competitive financing is generally available for to offset the effect of these constraints. The three properties within the City of Redding, regardless of market factors which directly affect the availability and location,for both residential construction projects and cost of housing in Redding are the price of land, the home purchase. They report that there is no indication cost of construction, and the availability of financing. of discriminatory lending practices based on property location within the City limits. The interest rates for PRICE OF LAND financing the cost of construction, as well as for long- term home financing, have widely fluctuated over the Residential land prices within the City of Redding vary past 15 years. From 17-18 percent during the 1980s to considerably depending upon several factors. The the dramatically low rates (6 1/2-7 1/2 percent) of the primary factors are: (1) the specific location of the past eighteen months, this single factor plays a major property; (2) the availability of utility services to the role in the affordability of housing. In the previous property; (3) the topography of the property;and (4) if section on Housing Cost, the effect various interest adequate paved access exists. rates have on the ability of low- and moderate-income households to purchase a home is explored. Over the past seven years (1992-98), prices of both single-family lots and multiple-family parcels within the Financing for remodeling or rehabilitation of existing City limits have seen a decrease in price. In 1991, the structures is also reported by the Board of Realtors and cost of a standard City lot in a moderately priced, local lenders to be readily available to qualified residentially zoned neighborhood averaged borrowers throughout the City. Commercial lenders $35,000—$55,000. Similarly located lots today average offer home equity loans at a slightly higher interest rate $25,000—$35,000. The price of land suitable for (7-8 percent) than primary mortgages. These rates multiple-family development is typically broken down reflect the slightly greater risk involved in extending into a per-unit cost. This allows accurate comparison credit secured by a second (or greater) mortgage. In between parcels of different sizes and zoning addition to credit history, standard factors taken into designations. Within the City of Redding, the current consideration for this type of loan are: (1) existing average cost of land able to be developed with multiple- equity in the property and (2) ability of the loan family units averages between$3,500—$6,500 per unit. recipient to repay the increased debt. Many older In comparison, in 1991, the average land cost per unit homes in need of repair are owned by lower-income was $7,000—$8,500. families. These families in many instances have a difficult time meeting commercial lenders' debt-to- COST OF DEVELOPMENT value criteria, as well as having difficulty meeting the income requirements necessary for repayment of the The cost of development is comprised of four major loan. In order to mitigate this constraint, the City components: land, fees, material and labor, and offers a variety of rehabilitation loan programs to assist financing. Of these, material and labor costs make up the lower-income homeowner with necessary repairs. the bulk of the development cost followed by land,fees, The funding sources for these programs include local and financing costs. Table 11 illustrates the redevelopment funds, CDBG, and HOME funds. typical construction costs for a 1,500-square-foot, 40 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 TABLE 11 COST OF DEVELOPMENT, REDDING Single Family Detached (1,500 Square Feet) LAND = $25,000 to$35,000 Includes Development Fees of$1,528 (With Improvements) CONSTRUCTION—$75/SF @ 1500 SF = $112,500 Includes: Construction Fees of$9,428 Materials Labor Profit &Overhead CONSTRUCTION FINANCING = $3,500 Interest on Construction Loan PRICE TO BUYER = $141,000 to 151,000 Source: City of Redding,January 1999 October 3,2000 Housing Element 41 Air Conditioning Load Management Program to ENERGY CONSERVATION reduce peak electrical capacity during the summer months. OPPORTUNITIES Swimming Pool Load Management Program to encourage the use of swimming pool equipment during off-peak hours. The need to conserve and efficiently utilize energy supplies, as well as to develop alternative energy Load Curtailment Program promotes the sources, has been recognized by both government and voluntary reduction of electrical usage by large- industry experts. Short- and long-range solutions to use customers and by the general public. energy problems involve changes in energy- consumption patterns and require willingness on the Street Light Conversion Program is replacing less part of Americans not only to use less energy but to efficient mercury vapor street lamps with more make qualitative changes or adjustments in their efficient high-pressure sodium lights. lifestyles. Examples include changes in consumer preferences such as the use of smaller and more energy- Enforcement of mandatory energy-efficient efficient cars, increased use of public transportation, building and appliance standards for both and shifts to modified or new types of housing that are commercial and residential construction more energy efficient. continue to reduce the energy consumption of space heating, air conditioning, water heating, The City of Redding Electric Department is the major etc. provider of electrical power within the City limits. Occasionally, newly annexed areas will continue to Residential rehabilitation programs for private receive electrical service from a previous provider until and rental housing require inclusion of energy such time as the customers are transferred over to the conservation retrofits and/or repairs when at all City electrical service. The City of Redding Electric feasible. Typical upgrades include insulation; Department reported that in 1998, the City's electric weatherstripping; installation of dual-pane peak load was 208 megawatts,an increase of 26 percent windows; and provision of newer, more energy- from the electric usage reported in 1988. efficient heating and cooling systems. Any forecasts of the City's future need for electricity In addition to the City of Redding, Pacific Gas consider the effectiveness of conservation and load- and Electric Company (PG&F) provides electric management programs. The City has embarked on a service to approximately 35 customers located vigorous campaign to develop future cost-effective within areas that have been annexed to the City. programs and projects. The City employs a full-time PG&F is also the sole provider of natural gas energy conservation specialist to promote community within the City limits. PG&F provides a variety energy awareness and conservation. Current of programs for its customers that promote conservation efforts and programs are listed below: conservation of energy resources,including home energy audit services, weatherization services, ► Residential energy audits and general and insulation rebates. conservation information and materials. 42 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 H2B. Develop and maintain funding sources for new affordable housing development. GOALS AND POLICIES H2C. In accordance with State law, provide density bonuses and other incentives as cost-saving development concessions to encourage the private development of Housing element law requires that a community set affordable housing. forth in the housing element a statement of its goals and policies relative to the maintenance,improvement, H2 D. Develop working partnerships with other and development of housing. This section identifies community providers of housing services in seven primary goals and related policies. These goals order to increase affordable housing and policies will serve to guide the actions of the City opportunities. of Redding over the next planning period in regard to its identified housing needs. H2E. Develop and maintain funding programs that are responsive to identified mmilimm community housing needs. GOAL PRESERVE AND IMPROVE THE H2F. Ensure that adequate residentially EXISTING HOUSING STOCK classified lands at all density levels are H1 identified on the General Plan Diagram to siiims meet existing and projected housing needs. Policies to achieve this goal are to: GOAL H1A. Encourage the private rehabilitation of SUPPORT CREATIVE REUSE OF housing. EXISTING FACILITIES AND LAND H3 H 1B. Develop and maintain effective housing ilm rehabilitation programs funded through Federal, State, and local funding sources. Policies to achieve this goal are to: H 1 C. Support effective code enforcement H3A. Support opportunities and partnerships activities in existing residential that leverage outside resources along with neighborhoods. public funds to accomplish reuse/redevelopment. ismon G 0 A L FACILITATE THE CREATION OF H3B. Develop,maintain,and periodically update NEW AFFORDABLE HOUSING an inventory of existing structures, as well OPPORTUNITIES as vacant or under-utilized land which H2 would be appropriate for specialized _mini residential uses (i.e., shelters, group homes, etc.). Policies to achieve this goal are to: H3C. Use redevelopment powers or other H2A. Develop and maintain efficient and appropriate mechanisms to acquire and/or effective Rental Assistance Programs. assemble sites for residential purposes. October 3,2000 Housing Element 43 needed public improvements and GOAL ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE infrastructure. Where feasible, these WITHIN RESIDENTIAL efforts should help facilitate mixed-use and NEIGHBORHOODS economic development objectives of the H4 General Plan. H5C. Develop incentive package for landlords Policies to achieve this goal are to: participating in the Section 8 program to encourage unit upgrade and ongoing high- H4A. Promote and encourage homeownership quality maintenance of Section 8 rental for all income levels and utilize available units. Federal, State, and local resources to achieve this end. G 0 A L IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS THE H4B. Support neighborhood-based efforts such HOUSING NEEDS OF SPECIAL as community-oriented policing, POPULATION GROUPS WITHIN neighborhood clean-up drives, and watch H6 THE COMMUNITY programs. H4C. Develop and maintain programs that Policies to achieve this goal are to: support the development of culturally diverse, integrated, safe, healthy, and H6A. Develop and maintain programs that attractive neighborhoods. ensure a wide range of housing choices to all in the community. H4D. Develop neighborhood strategic plans for target neighborhoods. H6B. Develop and maintain effective linkages with community service providers to H4E. Implement comprehensive redevelopment special populations. programs for each target neighborhood using the strategic plans as framework. G 0 A L PROMOTE ACHIEVEMENT OF ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY FOR 0 0 A L ACT AS A CATALYST FOR ALL PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS INCREASED PRIVATE INVESTMENT H7 IN THE COMMUNITY H5 Policies to achieve this goal are to: Policies to achieve this goal are to: H7A. Support program efforts that assist in the elimination of barriers to economic self- H5A. Identify opportunities for new private sufficiency. investment in targeted neighborhoods. H7B. Support program efforts that are"hand-up" H5B. Encourage and promote the development rather than "hand-out" oriented. of projects that leverage housing funds into 44 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 local redevelopment funding in addition to Federal sources of development financing. All have 1999-2003 ACTION PROGRAM affordability requirements in excess of 40 years. Of the units, 61 are targeted towards the elderly or disabled populations, 16 will be occupied by households with developmental disabilities,and 20 by mentally disabled households. In late 1998, the Redevelopment Agency REVIEW OF HOUSING ACTIVITIES 1992-1998 approved funding for a proposed 64-unit complex that will provide a mix of affordable rental housing for small This section presents a summary of activities and and large, low-income families and the frail elderly. It accomplishments that have occurred under the various is anticipated that this complex will utilize a programs set forth in the previous Housing Element combination of low-income tax credits and private and undertaken by the City during the past seven-year funding in addition to the redevelopment financing. period, 1992-1998. Housing program efforts which Development of the complex will take place during the resulted in housing units being constructed,conserved, planning period. or rehabilitated both through private endeavors and through public-program assistance are included. A Direct financial assistance was also provided in the cumulative estimate of units developed, conserved, or form of secondary mortgage financing through the rehabilitated, both publicly and privately, is presented Downpayment Assistance Program to 54 households, in Table 12 below. enabling them to purchase new single-family homes. TABLE 12 r- ACCOMPLISHMENTS (1992-1998) Number of Units Affordable to: Type With W/O Total Program Program Very Assistance Assistance Low Low Mod Above Housing New Construction: 151 3,839 3,990 102 63 1,900 1,925 Housing Rehabilitation: 468 est. 1,632 2,100 313 117 956 714 Housing Conservation: 793 Unknown 793 308 233 252 0 Of these households,37 (68.5 percent) had household New Construction Activities incomes under 80 percent of the area median. All of the newly constructed homes had purchase prices at or Over the past seven years, approximately 3,990 new below$95,000. housing units were added to the City's housing stock; 77.6 percent in the form of single-family units, Rehabilitation Activities 21.6 percent as new multiple-family units,and less than 1 percent in the form of new mobile home units. It is estimated that approximately 2,100 housing units (Note: Mobile home units are only counted in the have been rehabilitated in the community over the past Building Division statistics if placed upon a permanent seven years. Of these,486 units were repaired through foundation. Those added to mobile home parks are not the assistance of City-administered rehabilitation counted.) programs and approximately 1,614 units privately. Direct financial assistance was provided to three The City has operated a successful housing affordable rental housing projects, resulting in the rehabilitation program for over twenty-four years. The development of 97 new multiple-family units affordable cornerstone of the City's efforts has been the to very low-income households.These projects utilized Homeowner Rehabilitation Program,primarily funded October 3,2000 Housing Element 45 through the City's Community Development Block downpayment and additional grant funds to be utilized Grant Program, with supplemental funding through a in the purchase. It is anticipated that this program will variety of local, State, and Federal sources. This assist a minimum of 20 disabled households purchase a program was successful in rehabilitating 286 owner- home over the planning period. occupied units over the past seven years. Of these, 87 percent were occupied by lower-income households. The City was successful in each of its six applications to the State for Mortgage Credit Certificates. Over Since 1992,the City has been successful in applying for 300 households received MCCs through the City's and receiving approximately $7 million in HOME efforts, 235 since 1992. In 1998, based upon changes Grant funds. Approximately $2.2 million of these in the debt-allocation process,only a very small amount funds have been used to rehabilitate 114 rental units of MCC allocation was available for use. Due to this which are now rented at a rate which is affordable to situation, the City chose not to apply for additional lower-income households. Another 68 rental units MCCs. were rehabilitated utilizing CDBG, or Federal Rental Rehabilitation grant funding. All of these units will The statewide Rural Gold Program available to low- also be rented at affordable rents by lower-income income, first-time homebuyers was widely used by households. North State lenders. The Rural Gold Program is administered by local participating lenders and provides Conservation Activities low-income homebuyers with funds that can be used in conjunction with the household's savings for the Over the past seven years, the Redding Housing required downpayment. Authority has been successful in applying for and receiving 202 additional rental assistance subsidies for Homeownership efforts will be an essential part of the the very low-income households in the community. City's targeted neighborhood activity in the upcoming Many of these subsidies have been targeted to special planning period.Increasing levels of homeownership in populations such as the frail elderly, the disabled, some of Redding's oldest residential neighborhoods will families in crisis, and others identified with special help to reverse the trend of neglect and deterioration. needs. The Housing Authority's Family Self Sufficiency Program has been identified by HUD as a In 1995, Redevelopment Agency Setaside Funds were exemplary program and currently has 94 households utilized to assist a local nonprofit housing provider in striving to achieve personal goals leading towards the purchase of a 78-unit, senior residential hotel. ultimate freedom from public assistance. In the Financial assistance was needed to cover the start-up upcoming planning period, it is anticipated that this costs during the initial lease-up period of the facility. model will be duplicated as feasible in other program Today, the facility is fully occupied by lower-income efforts. seniors at affordable rents. Utilizing the Downpayment Assistance Program(DAP) A second older residential hotel that provides 94 units and the Mortgage Credit Certificate Program (MCC), of single-room occupancy housing to the lower-income established in 1988 and 1989, respectively, a total of community is being considered for assistance at the 400 low-and moderate-income households were able to present time. The hotel is located in Redding's purchase their own homes, 278 since 1992. Since Downtown and has historical significance to the area. 1988,$1.9 million in HOME funds and$4.2 million in Several options are being explored that would preserve redevelopment funding have been used for this the housing component of the facility and provide purpose. enhanced affordability to the units. At the present time, approximately 36 households are Conservation activities in the upcoming planning assisted each year with DAP loans which average period will continue to include activities to preserve the $15,466. In June 1998,a pilot home purchase program community's affordable housing units which are at risk was established targeting disabled households of converting to market-rate usage during the planning participating through the FannieMae HomeChoice period. Program. The pilot program allows for a lower 46 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 APPROPRIATENESS OF GOALS, POLICIES, & IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS AND OBJECTIVES QUANTIFIED OBJECTIVES 1999-2003 The Housing Element contains housing goals,policies, The following section sets forth the schedule of actions and objectives which were developed in 1998 during a the City of Redding is undertaking or intends to series of housing workshops held by the City Council undertake within the current planning period in order sitting as the Redding Redevelopment Agency. These to implement the previously listed policies and achieve directives, which reflect an acute awareness of the the community's stated housing goals. Included within essential nature of decent, affordable housing will set most action/program descriptions is a quantified the direction and focus of the City's housing efforts objective which states the progress towards the goal the over the planning period, 1999-2003. The goals and City expects to accomplish during the planning period, objectives are consistent with the stated goals and actual accomplishments to date and over the past seven objectives of other elements of the revised General Plan years, and any proposed changes to be implemented with emphasis on the importance of (1) preservation during the current planning period. and revitalization of existing neighborhoods; (2) maximization of funding and other resources Table 13 is a summary of the number of units expected through the establishment of effective and mutually to be constructed, rehabilitated, or conserved both beneficial partnerships with other public and private privately and through implementation of the activities entities;(3)increasing affordable housing opportunities described in this section over the planning period: TABLE 13 SUMMARY OF PROJECTED HOUSING ACTIVITIES 1999-2003 # Units #Units Affordable to: Type With Program Private Total Assistance Development Very Low Low Mod Above Housing New Construction: 220 1,780 2,000 100 140 880 880 Housing Rehabilitation: 356 est. 1,250 1,606 144 212 1,000 250 Housing Conservation: 576 Unknown 576 344 232 0 0 for all portions of the community; and (4) preserving In order to achieve the stated quantified objectives,the and protecting the community's natural resources. City will utilize funding from a variety of sources. The current funding sources utilized by the City on a regular During this period, the City intends to pursue its basis for its housing activities include Federal housing goals through a multifaceted strategy which Community Development Block Grant(CDBG)funds, includes both moderate and substantial rehabilitation Federal HOME funds, Federal Section 8 funds, and of the existing housing stock,provision of direct rental local redevelopment Low- and Moderate-Income subsidies for those groups with the most need, Housing Setaside funds. The combined total available conservation of the community's existing affordable from these sources is approximately $8,500,000 housing stock, and construction of affordable housing annually. A brief description of these sources follows. units. October 3,2000 Housing Element 47 Federal CDBG Funds — The Community for the administration of the Section 8 Program Development Block Grant program was created and direct rental assistance payments on the by Congress in 1974 to permit local government 1,304 Section 8 rental subsidies administered to devise flexible and constructive approaches to through the Redding Housing Authority. prevent and/or correct physical, economic, and Approximately$5.5 million is available annually social deterioration. The program is directed through this program. Administrative funds total toward neighborhood revitalization, creation of approximately 12 percent of the funds available. housing opportunities, economic development, To the extent that administrative costs do not and the provision of improved community total the full 12 percent, the excess funds are facilities and services. Activities funded through able to be utilized on other types of housing this source must meet one of the following three activities. Over the past five years, the costs to national objectives: (1) primarily benefit lower- administer the Section 8 Program has exceeded income persons, (2) eliminate slums or blight,or the amount available through HUD. It is not (3) meet other urgent local community anticipated that excess administrative funding development needs. The City is considered an will be available over the planning period. "entitlement" community by HUD for this program. This means that CDBG funding is Redevelopment Setaside Funds — State law received by the City on a formula basis and does requires redevelopment agencies to provide a not require a competitive application. minimum of 20 percent of their tax-increment Approximately $920,000 annually is available income to increase, improve, and preserve from this source. affordable housing opportunities for low- to moderate-income persons. Approximately ► Federal HOME Funds—The HOME program $1,000,000 in funding for housing is generated was included as part of the Cranston-Gonzalez annually as part of the Redevelopment Agency's National Affordable Housing Act of 1990. The tax-increment income. The Redding legislation authorized funding to states and local Redevelopment Agency oversees the allocation governments to provide incentives to develop of these monies. and support affordable rental housing and homeownership opportunities. Eligible activities It is anticipated that the Setaside Fund will be include:real property acquisition,rehabilitation, utilized to fund a variety of housing activities and construction of affordable housing. over the planning period. These will include,but Distribution of HOME funds is by formula based are not limited to, acquisition, rehabilitation, upon a variety of measures, including local demolition, construction, conservation, and housing market factors, local housing stock development of housing units. The anticipated conditions,cost of producing housing in the local activities and expenditure levels are detailed market,and extent of poverty in the community. within the Agency's adopted Implementation While the City is considered an "entitlement" Plans for the planning period 2000-2004 and are community under this program as under CDBG, summarized as follows: since 1992, the City has chosen to compete on a statewide basis for a larger portion of funds. The Homeownership Assistance- est. $2.2 million City has been successful on each of its (includes program income) application and has received approximately Affordable Housing Development- est. $2 million $1,000,000 annually from this source. The Neighborhood Revitalization- est. $3.4 million Redevelopment Setaside Fund has provided the (includes all activities within targeted required 25 percent local match since the neighborhoods) inception of the program. Other Activities- est. $1.25 million ► Federal Section 8 Funds—These funds make up In order to increase the amount of funds the largest portion of funds available to the City available over the planning period,the feasibility for housing purposes. The funds are restricted of issuing tax-exempt bonds secured by all or a portion of the Setaside Fund will be considered. 48 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 GOAL H1: PRESERVE AND IMPROVE THE EXISTING Objective: To rehabilitate 44 single-family HOUSING STOCK homes per year. Of these, approximately 6 (14 percent) are anticipated to be very low- (See also Activities 4.2, 5.1) income homeowners and 38 (86 percent) are anticipated to be low-income homeowners. 1.1 ACTIVITY: Moderate/Substantial Rehabilitation—Owner-Occupied Units 1.2 ACTIVITY: Moderate/Substantial Rehabilitation—Rentals Units Description: Rehabilitation loans are available to owner-occupants citywide who are at moderate- Description: Rehabilitation of the community's income level or below. These loans are made existing rental stock is accomplished through directly to the homeowner at an interest rate of several different initiatives. Owner-investors 3-5 percent and may be amortized or deferred may access low-interest financing for upgrading depending upon the owner's circumstances. rental units occupied by lower-income tenants. Eligible activities include basic code-related Long-term affordability covenants are recorded repairs; weatherization improvements; site on the assisted properties to ensure affordability improvements such as curbs, gutters, and into the future. Approximately 114 units sidewalks; as well as some general property throughout the City have been rehabilitated improvements. The CDBG-funded under the current HOME-funded program. rehabilitation activity was established in 1975, Since implementation of the program in 1993, with redevelopment setaside funding added in over$1.5 million in loans have been committed 1987 and HOME funds in 1992. Other Federal, along with over $495,700 in private funding. State, and local funding is utilized as it is made Funding is also available to assist in the available. Approximately 890 homes have been acquisition of rental units, with or without rehabilitated to date through this activity, subsequent rehabilitation,in return for long-term 188 since 1992. affordability. Redevelopment Setaside funds can be combined with HOME funds for this purpose. Funding/Administration: Current funding for Nonprofit organizations providing permanent or the activity comes from CDBG transitional living opportunities may also utilize (1998—$138,810); HOME (1998—$113,000), the existing funding. as well as the Rehabilitation Revolving Loan Fund (1998—$430,700). The latter fund Funding/Administration: Local administration consists of amortized payments and lump sum of the activity is through the City's Housing payoffs on existing CDBG rehabilitation loans. Division. As described above, both HOME and Except for rehabilitation efforts to take place redevelopment funding is available. within identified targeted neighborhoods, it is not anticipated that other sources of funding for Proposed Changes: The existing structure of the this effort will be available during the planning current rehabilitation programs will be reviewed period. Local administration is through the in 1999. It is anticipated that additional City's Housing Division. incentives will be developed for those projects located within the identified targeted Proposed Changes: The Division anticipates neighborhoods, projects that provide longer developing additional incentives for those affordability covenants, projects that contain projects that are either located within an units to be occupied by identified special identified targeted neighborhood or are population groups,or projects that provide other complying with the City's code enforcement types of increased public benefit. efforts. These incentives might include more favorable financing terms and possible Objective: To rehabilitate 30 rental units per infrastructure grants. year. Of these,approximately 16 (53 percent)are October 3,2000 Housing Element 49 anticipated to be occupied by very low-income Ultimate action by the City upon noncompliance households and 14 (47 percent) by low-income of the owner is to remove the offending structure households. or condition from the property. The great majority of code enforcement cases are able to be 1.3 ACTIVITY: Minor Rehabilitation—All Units resolved prior to demolition of the structure by the City. Description: In 1996, the City's two small rehabilitation grant programs were consolidated Funding/Administration: The code enforcement into the Emergency Repair Program. The activity is administered by the Code Enforcement current program provides an unsecured loan at Section of the City's Building Division and by the 3 percent interest, up to a maximum of$2,500, City Attorney. Funding for the effort has been to very low-income households on a one-time provided to date through the City's General basis. Eligible repairs must be connected to basic Fund and the CDBG program. health and safety issues. The program can be utilized for needed repairs to owner-occupied, Proposed Changes: As part of the City's conventional dwelling units; mobile homes; or neighborhood revitalization efforts,incentives to rental units. Approximately 177 units have been encourage compliance with code enforcement repaired under these efforts, 98 of these since issues will be included within existing housing 1992. programs. Funding/Administration: Current funding for 1.5 ACTIVITY: Conservation of the Redding Hotel this effort is through the CDBG program (1998—$20,000). The activity is administered Description: The Redding Hotel, a 94-unit by the City's Housing Division. residential hotel located in Downtown Redding, is the focus of a revitalization effort by the City of Proposed Changes: During 1999, it is the City's Redding. The historical hotel is an important intent to modify the renter accessibility source of affordable housing for low-income improvements component of the activity to make seniors and disabled persons in the City and it more effective. It is anticipated that the provides seven commercial spaces for small required match of private dollars by the landlord businesses in the heart of the Downtown will be eliminated in exchange for occupancy business district. The City and the Redding controls in effect for five years following Housing Authority are in the process of assistance. The Division will also explore the discussing possible options for revitalization of feasibility of developing a "handyman" minor the facility with the current owner. repair program for low-income seniors. Funding/Administration: The City's Housing, Objective: To rehabilitate a minimum of Building, and Redevelopment Divisions are 15 units per year. It is anticipated that participating in the discussions regarding 90 percent of these will be very low-income revitalization of this facility. Until a preferred households. solution is arrived at,the specific funding needed to carry it out has not been identified. 1.4 ACTIVITY: Code Enforcement Proposed Changes: New Activity. Description: The Redding Municipal Code provides for City abatement of hazardous Objective: To conserve 94 units of affordable properties/structures through a multiphased SRO housing. hearing process. For residential properties, the goal is to restore units to a liveable condition if at Time Frame: FY 99-02 all possible. Upon initiation of the abatement process, owners are instructed to cure subject properties/structures of the hazardous conditions. 50 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 1.6 ACTIVITY: Conservation of At-Risk Units Funding/Administration: The City of Redding contributes planning staff time for permit Description: During the planning period, processing. Monitoring the compliance of 58 housing units in the community are at risk to developers to the requirements of the density convert to non-low-income use. These units bonus is the responsibility of the Housing represent an important component of the current Division. affordable housing inventory in the City. In order to limit the loss of these units to the Proposed Changes: During 1999, the City's community, a number of actions will be Housing and Planning Divisions will undertake considered. The COMMUNITY PROFILE, a review of the existing Ordinance and will Affordable Housing Units Eligible to Convert to recommend revisions as appropriate. It is Open Market During 1992-2002, section anticipated that changes will be made that will describes these actions as they apply to each provide additional development concessions for at-risk project. affordable housing developments. Funding/Administration: The activity will be Objective: To facilitate the construction of a undertaken by the City's Housing Division. See minimum of 20 affordable housing units per year. discussion in the COMMUNITY PROFILE, Affordable Housing Units Eligible to Convert to 2.2 ACTIVITY: Development of New Affordable Open Market During 1992-2002, section Rental Units regarding possible funding sources for activity. Description: In December 1998, the Redding Proposed Changes: None. Redevelopment Agency approved a set of standards, qualifications, and criteria to be used Objective: To conserve 58 affordable rental when it considers requests for mortgage or units. construction loans to finance new affordable multiple-family development. It is anticipated GOAL H2: FACILITATE THE CREATION OF NEW that the Redevelopment Agency's Setaside Fund AFFORDABLE HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES through the Affordable Housing Development Program will be the primary source of local (See also Activity 4.1) financial assistance to affordable rental housing development projects in the community over the 2.1 ACTIVITY: Revision of the Density Bonus planning period. It is the Agency's goal to help Ordinance facilitate the development of this type of housing through the provision of "gap" or "bridge" Description: The current Ordinance allows for financing. Additional sources of financing such density bonuses of 25 percent over the maximum as Federal, State, and private funding will be land density specified in the General Plan plus leveraged in most cases. The types of assistance additional concessions if needed to enhance able to be provided under this program include affordability of the project OR provision by the predevelopment loans, land purchase loans, City of other incentives of equivalent financial construction loans, and permanent long-term value. Eligible projects are those consisting of loans. 5 or more units where the developer is either: (1) reserving 20 percent of total units Several State and Federal programs are currently constructed for lower-income households or available,specifically designed to assist affordable (2) reserving 10 percent of total units rental construction projects. The City will constructed for very low-income households or continue to endorse the development of new (3) reserving 50 percent of total units multiple-family dwellings under programs such as constructed for seniors. HUD's 202 and 811 programs in order to expand October 3,2000 Housing Element 51 the availability of affordable rental housing in the Development Corporation; Resources for Rural community. Federal tax credits for eligible low- Community Development, Inc.; and Habitat for income rental housing projects are currently Humanity. During the upcoming planning available by application to the State Mortgage period, it is anticipated that these organizations Bond Allocation Committee. Strong will undertake a variety of activities to increase consideration is given to projects which target the availability of affordable housing in the special groups such as large families,homeless,or community. These efforts include acquisition of the at-risk population. existing housing units, development of new housing units, and the provision of Private lenders have also developed several new homeownership opportunities. Partnerships with types of financing that can be accessed for appropriate organizations will allow limited affordable housing projects. Many bankers have resources—both staff and money—to be joined together in lender consortiums specifically maximized. to fund projects that would not be able to access standard sources of funds due to affordability Funding/Administration: These groups will requirements, higher levels of risk, lower cash pursue development and administrative funding flow, etc. from all appropriate local, State, Federal, and private sources. Each entity will administer its Three multiple-family projects with a total of individual projects. 97 units have been constructed over the past five years, utilizing a mix of the above public and Proposed Changes: None. private sources of financing. All of these units are set aside for occupancy by very low-income Objective: To provide,collectively,an additional households at affordable rates for a minimum of 50 units of affordable housing annually. 40 years. Affordability of units will continue to be the focus of all these programs in the future. 2.4 ACTIVITY: HUD Section 8 Rental Assistance Program Funding/Administration: The Redevelopment Setaside Fund will be the primary source of local Description: Provides direct rental assistance to financing for new development efforts. In very low-income individuals and families. addition, HOME or CDBG funds might also be Assistance is offered to eligible applicants based appropriate on specific projects. The on their date and time of application. City of administration of these efforts will be through the Redding residents are offered assistance before all City's Redevelopment and Housing Divisions. other residents. In addition, preference is provided for veterans and local households Proposed Changes: None. displaced through government actions. Objective: To facilitate the development of Funding/Administration: Funding is received 50 new units of multiple-family housing directly from HUD for eligible participants. affordable to lower- and moderate-income Local administration of the program is through households annually. the Redding Housing Authority. The 1998-99 budget for the Housing Authority is$6.6 million. 2.3 ACTIVITY: Partnerships with Local Nonprofit A total of 1,304 rental subsidies are currently Housing Development Entities administered by this office and another 413 project-based rental subsidies are Description: Over the past seven years, several administered directly by HUD. The Housing local organizations have been established or have Authority has experienced continuous growth expanded their scope of services to include over the past 14 years. Since 1985,the Housing development of affordable housing opportunities Authority has been successful in bringing in Redding. These entities include Northern 705 additional subsidies to the community. Valley Catholic Social Services; Shasta Housing 52 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 Proposed Changes: Constant monitoring of the GOAL H4: ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE WITHIN ongoing activity will continue to assure that RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS eligible households are served in as timely and equitable manner as possible. Periodic (See also Activities 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 5.1, adjustments in procedures, etc., will be made as 5.2) necessary. In 1999,serious consideration will be given to organizing caseworkers on a geographic 4.1 ACTIVITY: Increase Homeownership basis. Under this model, staff will become more Opportunities familiar with the available rental units in their particular territory and should be able to serve Description: Since July 1988, with the both participants and landlords more efficiently. implementation of the Downpayment Assistance Program (DAP), the City has recognized the Objective: To serve an additional 35 households need for homeownership assistance for eligible each year. first-time homebuyers. The existing program offers assistance with the downpayment required GOAL H3: SUPPORT CREATIVE REUSE OF EXISTING when purchasing a home. Eligible participants FACILITIES AND LAND must be first-time homebuyers,buying a home in the City of Redding, and be moderate-income or (See also Activities 1.5, 2.3, 4.2, 5.2) less. Assistance is in the form of an equity- sharing mortgage recorded as a second lien on 3.1 ACTIVITY: Develop Inventory of Vacant Land the newly purchased property. Since 1988, and Sites Suitable for Reuse. approximately 400 families have been able to purchase their first home utilizing this program. Description: It is anticipated that as part of the Since 1988, approximately$6.1 million in loans City's neighborhood revitalization efforts,vacant have been expended. All payoffs on existing or under utilized land will be identified and, DAP loans go into a revolving loan fund in order within the scope of the neighborhood master to be utilized for further DAP loans. plan, alternative uses may be proposed. The master plans will be developed utilizing extensive Today, lower interest rates and relatively low community involvement to identify housing prices have lessened the need to provide neighborhood deficiencies and potential public assistance to all but lower-income opportunities for revitalization. It is anticipated households. It is anticipated that DAP that the City will assist in the promotion of the assistance will continue to be available for these identified investment opportunities to the households throughout the planning period. For development community in order to facilitate the the future,homeownership has been identified as revitalization effort. an important tool to be utilized in the stabilization of older, declining neighborhoods. Funding/Administration: It is anticipated that It is anticipated that the current efforts will be development of the targeted neighborhood intensified in selected target neighborhoods in master plans will be overseen by the Housing order to increase the number of owner-occupants Division, Redevelopment Division, and/or the residing in these neighborhoods. Additionally, Planning Division. increasing homeownership among special population groups, historically renters, will be Objective: To stimulate additional private pursued over the planning period. In 1998, a investment in targeted neighborhoods through pilot homeownership loan program was approved the identification of vacant land and sites by the Redding Redevelopment Agency. The suitable for reuse. program, modeled after the highly successful DAP effort,is designed to assist very low-income Time Frame: 99-01 disabled households achieve homeownership. October 3,2000 Housing Element 53 The pilot program partners with the FannieMae Funding/Administration: The development of HomeChoice Program to provide primary and the targeted neighborhood plans will be overseen secondary financing. The homebuyer is provided by staff in the Housing Division and with both pre-and post-purchase counseling to Redevelopment Division. The development of help with the process. the Downtown Strategic Plan shall be overseen by the Redevelopment Division in conjunction Funding/Administration: Current funding for with the City's Planning Division. the DAP activity is through the Redevelopment Housing Setaside Fund and HOME. The Proposed Changes: New Activity program is locally administered by the Redevelopment Agency staff. Objective: To develop a Parkview Neighborhood Master Plan by December 1999,an MLK Master Proposed Changes: It is anticipated that over Plan by March 2001, and a Downtown Specific the planning period, greater emphasis will be Plan by February 2000. given to providing assistance to lower-income households. The current equity-sharing format Time Frame: 99-01 is also to be evaluated and, if appropriate, changes will be proposed. Neighborhood GOAL H5: ACT AS A CATALYST FOR INCREASED revitalization efforts will likely emphasize PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN THE increasing homeownership opportunities within COMMUNITY the targeted neighborhoods. (See also Activities 1.6, 2.1, 4.2) Objective: To assist 45 low- to moderate- income, first-time homebuyers purchase homes 5.1 ACTIVITY: Develop Incentive Program for per year. Section 8 Landlords 4.2 ACTIVITY: Target Neighborhood Master Description: During 1999, the Housing Planning Authority will develop an incentive program that encourages owners of rental units occupied by Description: In support of the stated General Section 8 tenants to maintain units at a standard Plan goal of preserving and improving existing in excess of the minimum required through residential neighborhoods, the development of HUD. Emphasis will be on improving exterior three neighborhood revitalization strategies, or appearance including parking, landscape, "master plans,"will be undertaken over the next common areas,and building exteriors so that the 24 months. The proposed plans will target three facility is a positive influence on the of Redding's older neighborhoods: the Parkview neighborhood. It is anticipated that properties Neighborhood; the Martin Luther King, Jr., located within the targeted neighborhoods will be Neighborhood; and the residential portions of the initial focus of the program. Redding's Downtown. The latter area will be included as part of a Strategic Plan being Funding/Administration: The activity will be developed for the Downtown business core. It is administered by the City's Housing Division. anticipated that the development of the plans Existing rehabilitation funding will be utilized, will involve a high level of community including CDBG, HOME, and redevelopment involvement both in the identification of sources. neighborhood deficiencies and in the development of potential solutions. The Proposed Changes: New Activity. Parkview Neighborhood has been selected for the initial effort, followed by the MLK Objective: To support neighborhood Neighborhood. revitalization efforts through the participation of 6-10 Section 8 landlords annually. 54 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 5.2 ACTIVITY: Acquisition and Assembly of Key Section 8 Program are counseled as to fair Parcels Within Target Neighborhoods housing rights and responsibilities. For the 12-month period ending December 31, 1998,the Description: The Redevelopment Agency program assisted approximately 354 households anticipates the acquisition of property within the with fair housing information. targeted neighborhoods for the purpose of facilitating the redevelopment of such property in Funding/Administration: Funding for this accordance with a neighborhood strategic plan. program is through the City's Community Following such acquisition, development Development Block Grant Program. Local partnerships will be solicited to carry out the administration is by the City's Housing Division. redevelopment envisioned by the plan. Proposed Changes: During 1999, the City will Funding/Administration: This activity will be contract with local providers of legal services to administered by the Redevelopment Division. It provide a one-day workshop on Fair Housing is anticipated that redevelopment funding will be issues. utilized for the property acquisition,relocation of tenants if necessary, and any costs related to Objective: To educate the public regarding fair preparing the property for redevelopment. housing law, including antidiscrimination regulations. Proposed Changes: New Activity 6.2 ACTIVITY: Homeless Assistance Objective: Within 24 months,acquire,assemble, and develop key parcels in the Parkview Description: Several nonlocal funding sources Neighborhood needed to implement the are currently available to developers of projects designed to shelter homeless persons or families, Neighborhood Master Plan. Acquire, assemble, and develop key parcels in other targeted including those with special needs such as neighborhoods consistent with adopted substance abusers and the physically or mentally neighborhood plans. handicapped, on an emergency, transitional, or permanent basis. It is anticipated that a variety GOAL H6: IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS THE HOUSING of local, nonprofit service agencies will apply for NEEDS OF SPECIALPOPULATION GROUPS monies from State or Federal sources such as the WITHIN THE COMMUNITY State Emergency Shelter Program and/or McKinney Act funded programs. (See also Activities 2.3, 4.1) The City's CDBG funds will continue to be 6.1 ACTIVITY: Fair Housing Referral and utilized for a variety of homeless programs. In Information Program the past, applications have been funded for costs related to operating a seasonal homeless emergency shelter, mortgage assistance to Description: The program provides basic purchase a transitional facility, costs related to information about fair housing rights to both landlords and tenants. Referrals are made for operation of a battered women's emergency discrimination in housing complaints to the State shelter, supportive services related to food provision at an emergency shelter, etc. It is Department of Fair Employment and Housing. Special outreach efforts are made to include expected that these types of programs will groups likely to experience discrimination in continue to be funded on an annual basis. housing, including minorities, the elderly, the handicapped, and lower-income families. These Funding/Administration: Both State and Federal efforts include providing staff speakers at service- governments have allocated monies to assist in the provision and operation of housing facilities agency meetings and periodic informational mail- outs to service organizations. In addition, all for the homeless. Administration of individual tenants and landlords participating on the HUD projects will be the responsibility of the nonprofit agency initiating the application. October 3,2000 Housing Element 55 For CDBG funding, application is made by local the receipt of support services needed by the nonprofit organizations to the City of Redding HOPE participant. during the CDBG program's application period, usually in February of each year. All applications Proposed Changes: The HOPE demonstration are considered on a competitive basis. project terminates June 30, 1999. The HOPE coordinator will assist the participants to Proposed Changes: None proposed. transition into the newly funded Multipurpose Senior Services Program (MSSP) to be Objective: To assist in the provision of shelter administered by a local,nonprofit senior-services and services to the area's homeless population. organization, Golden Umbrella. 6.3 ACTIVITY: After-Care Program Objective: To secure project-based subsidies for a to-be-developed affordable housing project to Description: The Redding Housing Authority ensure continued affordability of housing to the currently operates a supportive housing program frail elderly population. for persons with mental, developmental, or physical disabilities. The program is able to offer 6.5 ACTIVITY: Family Unification Program rental subsidies to individuals who are receiving a variety of supportive services through State- Description: The program,which was enacted by approved organizations. The program currently Congress in 1990,is designed to help prevent the has 16 one-bedroom subsidies, 3 two-bedroom unnecessary separation of children from their subsidies, and 1 three-bedroom subsidy. families because of homelessness and housing problems. The program provides housing Funding/Administration: The Redding Housing assistance through the Section 8 Program to Authority administers the housing subsidy families who meet regular eligibility criteria and portion of the program. A variety of service whose children are at risk of placement in out-of- organizations provide the supportive services home care or delayed in returning from care, portion of the program. because of homelessness or severe housing problems. Proposed Changes: None proposed. Funding/Administration: Funding is by Objective: To continue to provide rental competitive application direct to HUD. In 1994, assistance to this targeted population to enable the Redding Housing Authority was awarded them to live independently in the community. 25 certificates under this program. The program is administered by the Redding Housing 6.4 ACTIVITY: HOPE for Elderly Independence Authority in conjunction with the Shasta County Child Protective Services Agency. Description: This program was developed by HUD as part of the overall HOPE legislation in Proposed Changes: The demonstration cycle for 1990. It is considered a demonstration program the Family Unification Program terminates to test the effectiveness of combining rental May 31, 1999. At this time, the Redding assistance with supportive services to help frail Housing Authority is not seeking additional elderly persons live independently. funds for this program. Funding/Administration: Funding for 76 HOPE Objective: The Redding Housing Authority subsidies was received in 1992. The rental successfully completed the five-year subsidies are administered by the Redding demonstration project. During the five-year Housing Authority with the HOPE coordinator period, over 68 households were assisted with function contracted to a local service provider. rental subsidies. The service coordinator is responsible to assess the frail elderly eligibility issue and coordinate 56 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 GOAL H7: PROMOTE ACHIEVEMENT OF ECONOMIC Funding/Administration: Funding is by SELF-SUFFICIENCY FOR ALL PROGRAM competitive application direct to HUD. In July PARTICIPANTS 1992, the Redding Housing Authority received its initial FSS allocation of 35 subsidies,effective (See also Activity 4.1) FY 1993. Since that time, the Redding Housing Authority has increased the number of 7.1 Program Name: Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) participants under this program to Program 94 households. Program Description: This program was Proposed Changes: To the extent possible, the developed by HUD as part of the overall HOPE FSS model of encouraging personal responsibility legislation in 1990. It builds upon the experience towards achieving self-sufficiency will be utilized of two prior HUD initiatives, Project Self- on other subsidy programs. Sufficiency and Operation Bootstrap. Like these . two initiatives, Family Self-Sufficiency strives to Objective: To assist all participants achieve the assist very low-income households achieve highest possible level of self sufficiency and financial independence through a combination of economic independence, free from public rental subsidies and supportive services. assistance. October 3,2000 Housing Element 57 a A 4 I 4 4 i fl i * :4 g * ec .:- i la ' ' 1 ::4. i E 4 e rt4 z .le 1 1 „„ ,. ....„ !, ,, ,. itk i 4 44 L. 'AI ii 4 d 1 a 3 il4Vi q f F1 4 } 5 t 8 ecreaMon I � „en ► Recreation Programs. INTRODUCTION Citywide Trail System. ► Vandalism and User Safety. The Recreation Element is intended to be used as a PURPOSE AND CONTENT coordinating document by all levels of government involved in planning and community development and The purpose of the Recreation Element is to identify the management and development of park,recreation, and document present park facilities; compare such and open-space resources within the Redding Planning facilities with current and long-term needs; establish Area. attainable goals and objectives to meet the community's needs; and develop and adopt programs and plans The Recreation Element should also be consulted by which will accomplish the community's recreation property owners,developers,and public officials before goals. preparing land-use applications for consideration by the City. Whenever community issues affecting park, Background data and information for this element are recreation, or open space are being discussed, it is contained within Chapter 8 of the City of Redding appropriate to refer to the text and map exhibits of this General Plan Background Report. element. Specific topics addressed within this element include: AUTHORITY ► Natural and Scenic Open Areas. Government Code Section 65560(b)(3) specifies that open space for outdoor recreation be addressed in a ► Regional River Parkway. community's General Plan. Although many Archaeological and Historic Resources(as they jurisdictions choose to discuss this topic within their • relate to park and recreation sites). Open Space Element, Government Code • Section 65303 states that the General Plan may include ► other elements, such as a Recreation Element, as long Park Planning and Development. as they relate to the physical development of the City. ► Compatibility with Adjacent Land Uses. Because of the importance of recreation to the Redding community, the City has adopted a separate ► Facility Funding and Management. "Recreation Element”since 1985. October 3,2000 Recreation Element 1 agreements to maximize efficiencies. Implementation of both approaches is considered necessary in order to GOALS AND POLICIES provide and maintain the full range of park and facility types that is desired. As population and the density of development within the Planning Area continue to increase, park, To meet the needs of a growing and diverse population, recreation, and open-space areas will become even recreational programs and park facilities play a critical more important to the community. At the same time, role in community safety and in determining our quality the availability of suitable parklands will decrease as of life. They can provide resources to combat juvenile potential sites are developed. Therefore, it is essential delinquency,gangs,and antisocial behavior. They help that suitable sites for public parks, trails, and other develop values, life skills, and experiences of people, recreational features be identified and acquired well in particularly our youth, that lead to healthy, socially advance of their actual need and, at times, before responsible and productive lives. They can promote funding sources for facility development have been opportunities for citizens to be volunteers and established to ensure that adequate lands will be advocates, enhancing communication and creating a available to meet long-term needs. sense of ownership in our community. This section includes goals and policies designed to Background information for this element identifies address the primary recreation and park development several deficiencies in meeting Redding's park and issues. The goals, policies, and exhibits contained in recreation needs, particularly Neighborhood and this element will serve as the framework for meeting Community Parks. The challenge to recreation and the City's ongoing park and recreation needs. park providers is to balance the community's desire for a full spectrum of park facilities and recreation NATURAL AND SCENIC OPEN AREAS programs with the reality of limited resources. The City of Redding is fortunate to have a variety of It is recognized that new development can be beneficial natural,scenic,and open-space features throughout the to a city. However, it must be balanced with the community. The most important of these is the realization that growth without "quality of life" as a Sacramento River, which essentially bisects the City. critical component is not beneficial and ultimately The river is viewed as a focal point of the community. counterproductive. This is a concern held by many Development of a Regional River Parkway has long Redding residents and community groups. In fact, this been envisioned as a multijurisdictional project that • concern has resulted in several unique private/public would maximize and enhance the recreational potential partnerships to enhance park and recreation facilities of the river. Therefore, efforts to plan and design the such as the Sacramento River Trail, Turtle Bay City's recreational system should focus on maximizing Museum, Redding Arboretum, and Kids Kingdom—a and protecting this resource. portion of Enterprise Community Park. minimmew To meet the community's desire for not only large G 0 A L RECOGNIZE THE SACRAMENTO public parks, but also smaller neighborhood-oriented RIVER AS THE BACKBONE OF THE facilities and improved open space, expansion of the CITY'S PARK SYSTEM. private/public partnership concept and existing public R1 partnerships is proposed within this element. The _ private/public partnership approach places more responsibility on the private sector for providing small Policies to achieve this goal are to: neighborhood-oriented amenities to serve individual subdivisions and allows the City to direct a larger R1A. Prepare a Regional River Parkway Plan for portion of its resources toward the community's broader areas along the Sacramento River between park and recreation needs. Expansion of existing public Shasta Dam and the City of Anderson to partnerships emphasizes the collocation of parks with address: schools and utilization of joint use and maintenance 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 • Resource protection. R2B. Promote the use of native plants, particularly valley oaks, where appropriate in park and ► Recreational opportunities. natural open-space areas. ► Location of existing and proposed ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC facilities. RESOURCES ► Recommendations for speed limits and Redding is rich in both archaeological and historic use restrictions on the River, where resources. Because park and recreational facilities are warranted. often located adjacent to waterways or woodland areas, ► Acquisition of lands. there is a high probability that archaeological, historic, or cultural resources will be encountered within sites ► Management and operations. proposed for park and recreation use. Depending on the type of resource involved, these features can often ► Financing. be incorporated into facility designs. R1B. Preserve native trees and riparian and other natural vegetation along the Sacramento River G 0 A L PRESERVE AND ENHANCE by incorporating these features into park REDDING'S HISTORIC AND designs, where feasible. CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE R3 PROCESS OF PARK DEVELOPMENT. RIC. Plan and implement a public trail along the iimm Sacramento River that also provides connections,where feasible,to school facilities Policies to achieve this goal are to: and other destination points. R3A. Protect and enhance historically-significant RID. Protect and enhance public, fire, and rescue structures and resources located in park and access along the entire riverfront, while open-space lands. minimizing/ mitigating impacts to the fullest extent possible. R3B. Ensure that park-development and parkland- acquisition proposals consider potential R1E. Educate the public on responsible use of the impacts to historical or archaeological river and on the economic benefits, such as resources and minimize or eliminate those • increased tourism, that can result from impacts to the fullest extent possible. protecting and enhancing the Sacramento River corridor. R3C. Integrate historic resources into park developments, where possible. GOAL PRESERVE AND ENCOURAGE THE PARK PLANNING A N D JUDICIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT THOSE NATURAL RESOURCE R2 AREAS WHICH HAVE A UNIQUE The City utilizes the following specific descriptions for - RECREATION POTENTIAL. various types of recreational lands. These descriptions include: Policies to achieve this goal are to: Open Space. R2A. Establish park sites and public open-space ► Neighborhood Parks. areas along the river and tributary creeks through public and private land purchases, Large Community Parks. land dedications, easements, and similar Special Purpose Facilities. mechanisms. Trails. October 3,2000 Recreation Element 3 • Private Neighborhood Parks and Improved and simultaneously with residential development Open Space. projects. Active park facilities and/or passive ► Joint School/Park Facilities. landscaped areas are encouraged. Additional amenities, such as pools, tennis courts, and basketball courts, may also be provided. The size of these parks Open-Space Areas are usually maintained in a varies; however, they are typically smaller than public relatively natural condition and provide for extremely neighborhood parks. low-impact,passive recreation uses. These areas often contain steep slopes, floodplains, scenic viewsheds, or Joint School/Park Facilities include all public park sensitive habitats. Given the natural condition of these areas that are located adjacent to or collocated with areas,open space is not considered as"parkland"under schools. In some instances, the City may not own any Goal R4. of the facilities, but operates programs from school- owned buildings and property. Joint-use agreements Neighborhood Parks are fully developed parks which are typically utilized to address public use of school typically contain a variety of active recreational facilities and maintenance. facilities such as playgrounds,picnic areas,basketball or tennis courts,and open play areas. These facilities are Park and recreation areas have historically been public intended primarily for unorganized recreational facilities. However, in the face of dwindling resources, activities and divided into two categories: new approaches to providing park and recreational amenities are needed. The development and ► Small Neighborhood Parks (generally 5 acres maintenance of small parks or improved open-space or less in size). areas designed to serve an individual subdivision or Large Neighborhood Parks (typically 5 to group of small subdivisions are encouraged to become ► a private-sector responsibility. In turn, the City will 10 acres or more). direct a larger portion of its resources toward addressing broader community needs through the development of Large Community Parks are also fully developed parks,generally 40 or more acres in size,which contain Small Neighborhood, Large Neighborhood, and a variety of active recreational facilities such as sports Community Parks. The City will also attempt to fields, picnic areas, basketball or tennis courts, and maximize facility development and utilization by collocating parks with schools whenever practical. In playgrounds. Unlike both categories of Neighborhood Parks, these facilities are often utilized for organized order to ensure that the needs of all segments of the recreational programs. population are considered, opportunities for public input and participation should be provided during all • Special Purpose Facilities are developed for a focused aspects of park and recreation planning. or highly specialized purpose. Examples include boat ramps, campgrounds, sports field complexes, public Beyond acquisition of adequate parkland, another pools, public golf courses, skateboard parks, indoor or important issue to the community is the need for full development of the land that is acquired. Therefore, outdoor archery facilities, etc. policies have been incorporated supporting Trails are linear facilities that can be single- or construction of new or undeveloped park sites. In multipurpose in nature. Surfacing materials, widths, order to ensure that an adequate amount of improved and designs vary depending on the intended function parkland is provided as growth and development and/or anticipated user group. occurs, many jurisdictions adopt specific standards which identify the community's desired level of Private Neighborhood Parks and Improved Open- improved parkland acreage per 1,000 population. Space Areas are developed,owned,and maintained by Within the City of Redding,the desired standard is ten the private sector. These facilities may include tot lots, acres per 1,000. This figure includes: developed and playgrounds, picnic facilities, open play areas, and/or undeveloped parks that are owned and maintained by streets and other landscaped areas designed for more the City,such as Small and Large Neighborhood Parks; passive recreational uses or visual enhancement. These Community Parks;Special Purpose Facilities;parkland facilities are typically constructed as an integral part of adjacent to schools in instances where the land is 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 publicly owned;and parkland and play areas associated R4G. Disperse park facilities and equipment with school-owned recreational facilities, where long- throughout the community to prevent an term, joint-use agreements have been established; undue concentration in any one area. trails, improved open-space areas within residential developments, and private neighborhood parks. Not R4H. Locate parks adjacent to school facilities, included are (1) school facilities where no long-term, whenever possible, to maximize recreational joint-use agreements are in effect and (2) open space. opportunities and joint use of facilities. The locations of existing public park facilities and/or R4I. Establish agreements with local schools which private facilities accessible to the general public are will allow other agencies, groups, or members shown on Appendix"A." Figure 7-1 identifies general of the public to use special facilities and locations where future parks will be needed based on grounds (such as multipurpose rooms, proposed development densities depicted on the gymnasiums, sports fields, basketball courts, General Plan Diagram. The locations illustrated on etc.) during times when school is not in session Figure 7-1 should not be considered site-specific. The to accommodate additional community and purpose of the figure is to identify the types of public recreational activities. Where such park facilities that will be needed based on buildout of agreements are in effect, the facilities may be the General Plan and their approximate distribution. included in the City's parkland inventory. Imonimmim PROVIDE A MINIMUM OF TEN R4J. Increase the acreage and quality of developed G 0 A L ACRES OF IMPROVED PARKLAND park facilities by placing a priority on: PER 1,000 POPULATION AND A BROAD RANGE OF FACILITY ' Building out existing Large R4 TYPES. Neighborhood and/or Community parks that are underdeveloped. Policies to achieve this goal are to: • Encouraging developers of large residential projects to dedicate land and R4A. Develop and implement a Citywide Parks and build out park sites. Recreation Master Plan. ► Encouraging community-based park R4B. Construct a regional sports complex in the improvements such as gifts or vicinity of Old Oregon Trail and Viking Way community- improvement projects. to meet existing and future needs for softball, • baseball, soccer, equestrian, and similar Coordinating improvements and facilities. programs with nonprofit organizations, schools, other agencies, and private- R4C. Locate at least one Large Community Park in sector providers to avoid duplication of each quadrant of the City (refer to Figure 7-1) facilities and programs. as indicated generally on the General Plan Diagram. R4K. Encourage collocation of public and private parks with flood-control facilities, such as R4D. Accept only parkland that is consistent with stormwater detention basins, where the City's site, locational, and development appropriate, to maximize the efficient use of requirements. land. R4E. Acquire Large Neighborhood and Community R4L. Pursue the acquisition of surplus Federal, Park sites well in advance of their actual need. State, and local lands, where appropriate, to meet present and future park and recreation R4F. Explore nontraditional methods for acquiring needs. park and recreation land. R4M. Work with citizens groups and other agencies to prioritize development of and identify October 3,2000 Recreation Element 5 SHASTA DAM h Ik• 2 ,P �e Q o ` .„,,,,R .,, icy a .. - --\ cfi cr 4 Jfr lNP HILI r9 SHASTA • COMMUNITY DAM Z COLLEGE SR 299 At, 414-e, IF t cCA--‘f5 'kit � C " O�GE '' 0 A ® 0 *ED z B ON 111:\,----:laa,SR 299 ® ` �11 �* ,OLD AL RAS Ill •p��� �A ,Ii DANA 0 Att, %NO A ow t� , I •R 2 411) • p‘RPARK '1��HARTNELL �Lf ' TIM; ` V': SR �4 If� k1./ P.'11,' ` "�4 1= co_ <0, U U W N S �y �A4" STR 11. 5 BO H� 1 + RANCHO 8 aV,\4M o • REDONG MUNICIPAL AIRPORT CLEqRCREEKI/'•d.ii a.•. PLAN AREA BOUNDARY S, DERSCH NP LARGE NEIGHBORHOOD PARK ��,r _C1 \�r'-...., z, LARGE COMMUNRY PARK r10 ^ OR SPECIAL PURPOSE FACILITY .d). a TA S t7` D:\GP\FUTPARK Figure 7-1 Future Parks(Conceptual Locations) N w E Recreation Element 6 a October 3,2000 appropriate locations for Special Purpose Policies to achieve this goal are to: Facilities. Facilities to be considered may include a public golf course, sports field R6A. Monitor population,age,economic,and ethnic complexes,indoor or outdoor archery facilities, ratios to ensure that recreation programs and an indoor or outdoor pool complex. park facilities meet the most pressing needs. im R6B. Explore the creation of recreation-based ENSURE THAT NEW P G 0 A L DEVELOPMENT CONTRIBUTES TO programs and park facilities in conjunction THE PARK, RECREATION, AND with law enforcement, schools, local colleges, IMPROVED OPEN-SPACE NEEDS OF and community groups that address current R5 THE CITY. social concerns for youth violence, crime, and immom drug problems. Policies to achieve this goal are to: R6C. Program recreation activities jointly with schools and local colleges, where possible. R5A. Develop standards that will result in new residential projects providing appropriate levels sime ENCOURAGE SHASTA COUNTY of improved open-space and/or recreational G 0 A L TO PROVIDE PARKLAND AND amenities. RECREATION PROGRAMS IN THOSE UNINCORPORATED R5B. Continue to require developers of residential R7 SECTORS OF THE REDDING property to contribute park sites or pay in-lieu lio PLANNING AREA IN WHICH fees at the maximum rate allowed by State law. URBANIZATION IS PERMITTED BY THE COUNTY. R5C. Provide a partial credit toward in-lieu fees, parkland dedication requirements,and/or park Policy to achieve this goal is to: development fees for: R7A. Encourage the County to acquire and improve I. Construction of private recreation Neighborhood Parks as a part of the facilities, improved open-space areas, subdivision development process. and parks. PROMOTE A REGIONAL • Recreational amenities constructed G 0 A L APPROACH TO RECREATION within existing public park facilities or FACILITY AND PROGRAM schools where a long-term, joint-use PLANNING/DEVELOPMENT. agreement is in effect. R8 • Private development of new public parks. Policy to achieve this goal is to: R5D. Adjust parkland in-lieu fees regularly to reflect R8A. Encourage a regional approach to the current land values. provision, planning, and development of recreation facilities and programs by promoting Nommi CREATE AN AWARENESS THAT cooperation with school districts, special GOAL RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS AND service districts, neighboring communities, PARK FACILITIES SERVE A Shasta County, and the Federal government. COMMUNITY-SAFETY NEED. Recognize that policies and programs restricted R6 PROVIDE A MIX OF RECREATION to jurisdictional boundaries can impede the PROGRAMS AND PARK FACILITIES provision of high-quality facilities and programs imi THAT APPEALS TO ALL AGE, that benefit the citizens of Redding. ECONOMIC,SOCIAL,AND ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE COMMUNITY. October 3,2000 Recreation Element 7 COMPATIBILITY WITH ADJACENT that adequate access and road capacity are LAND USES available to serve the facilities. Although park facilities are typically viewed as an asset R9D. Install signage, traffic safety features, and to the community and its residents, there are some traffic-calming devices as necessary to reduce impacts associated with certain types of park activities traffic speeds in residential areas surrounding and features that may be incompatible with parks and provide for the safety of pedestrians surrounding residential development. The and bicyclists. introduction of night lighting for organized sporting R9E. Provide sufficient off-street parking to events such as softball, football, and soccer; noise accommodate anticipated parking demands generated by organized sport activities that attract large generated by park and recreation facilities. numbers of users or spectators; and increased traffic and parking demands all have the potential to adversely R9F. Locate parking areas for park and recreation impact surrounding residential neighborhoods. uses away from abutting residential uses,where possible. Where no other reasonable location GOAL MINIMIZE THE IMPACTS OF for off-street parking areas exists, screening RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ON shall be provided along adjacent residential ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL properties. Screening may include solid R9 DEVELOPMENT. fencing and/or vegetative buffers. R9G. Locate active recreation features and Policies to achieve this goal are to: amenities, such as sports fields, bleachers, playgrounds, and pools, away from adjacent R9A. Avoid the installation of sports-related lighting residential uses whenever possible. in Neighborhood Parks and elementary schools where it will impact residences of the FACILITY FUNDING A N D neighborhood; appropriate mitigation features MANAGEMENT shall be incorporated where such lighting is allowed. Acquiring adequate funding for park development and ongoing maintenance is a challenge. Since the level of R9B. Minimize to the fullest extent the impacts of funding ultimately determines the level and quality of sports field lighting at Large Community Parks, recreational opportunities that are provided, the City • junior high schools, and high schools on will need to consider and implement a variety of adjacent residential uses. Mitigation may funding and management strategies for its park and include: recreation facilities. ► Restrictions on the height, wattage, or orientation of lighting equipment. G 0 A L ESTABLISH ADEQUATE FUNDING MECHANISMS TO IMPLEMENT THE ► Shielding requirements for light fixtures. FACILITY AND PROGRAM NEEDS R10 IDENTIFIED IN THIS ELEMENT. ► Limitations on the times the lights may be utilized. Policies to achieve this goal are to: ► Installation of vegetative screens where playing fields abut adjacent residential R10A. Adjust park-development fees regularly to uses. reflect current park-development costs. R9C. Locate Large Neighborhood and Community R10B. Explore innovative means of financing new Parks on collector or arterial streets to ensure facilities and maintaining existing and future 8 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 parks such as the creation of a park and Sacramento River and creek corridors, development recreation district or similar measure. has already occurred before dedications and easements for public trail purposes were required. Acquisition in R1OC. Establish an "Adopt a Park" program to these areas will be more challenging and need to occur encourage volunteer groups,service clubs,and on a gradual basis as opportunities arise. It is possible other members of the private sector to assist that formal trail improvements will not be completed at with the development and maintenance of some locations within the projected 20-year life of this park and recreation facilities. If ongoing General Plan. However, the acquisition, land maintenance is an issue, innovative ways of dedications, and easements should still be pursued so providing this service need exploration and that public access opportunities and future options for should not prohibit development of these park additional trail development are protected. Where and recreation facilities. continuous trails cannot be provided or are not feasible, connections to the City street system can serve to link R1 OD. Pursue joint development and service trail sections. agreements with elementary and high school districts. GOAL PROMOTE AND FACILITATE CITYWIDE TRAIL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF A CITYWIDE The topography and natural setting of Redding, R 1 1 RECREATIONAL TRAIL SYSTEM. including the Sacramento River and its numerous tributary creeks, provide outstanding opportunities for Policies to achieve this goal are to: bicycle and pedestrian travel. As discussed earlier in this element,development of a Regional River Parkway R11 A. Develop a Citywide Trails Master Plan to along the Sacramento River between Shasta Dam and specifically locate future trails. In general,the Anderson, has long been envisioned as a trail system should: multijurisdictional project that would maximize and enhance the recreational potential of the river. • Focus on linking neighborhoods to other Development of a citywide recreational trail system, land uses and significant destination which links residential uses to commercial, industrial, points within the community. recreation, and other public uses, is also considered a priority. Additional goals and policies regarding ▪ Separate bicyclists and pedestrians from commuter bicycle and pedestrian facilities are vehicular traffic and pedestrian facilities • contained the Circulation Element. from bicycle facilities,whenever feasible. A conceptual plan for trails is depicted on Figure 7-2. ▪ Provide continuous trail connections, However, a detailed Citywide Trails Master Plan is including a looped system around the needed to more specifically locate, prioritize, and City. identify funding sources for public recreational trail R11 B. Continue development of the Sacramento development. It is also important that the plan address River Trail to establish a common and interfaces between public trails and private property to continuous thread along the river corridor, protect the security and privacy of adjacent residents. connecting recreational,educational,cultural, Similar to the need to acquire suitable lands for public commercial, and residential areas/uses. parks at the earliest opportunity,it is also essential that R1 1C. Until such time as the Citywide Trails Master the City continually work to acquire necessary land Plan is adopted, utilize Figure 7-2 as a guide to dedications and easements for public trails through a establish trails that provide links to schools as combination of direct purchases and the discretionary well as trails and trail connections along open- approval process for new development and redevelopment projects. In many areas along the space corridors. October 3,2000 Recreation Element 9 SHASTA DAM n Yy�O� V k • 0 (1/4„............ W ���' �� cy 10 All slif 1 • -/ ♦ - it - F• I \ SHASTA • I:1.17.17: • DUA(jT7 M/(C ••=, ,~ ' • , COMMUNITY f m� Z, �,coLLEGE 4y �� , S 2gg G�DAM Z A L R 0 ♦• 9Cy„� it 4066....c.i.' '- DO�CE /N • B ON �r&, � • onrio 13 $ V' mt 0 v ra.agau ,, ' Z 133 . •� 1r �� O Q _ o*- , G SR? P {7 • �i., •LD ALTU 099 W cP0REKAEv _ , p: t4`v�imdlii : y 13 4.••• Z 0...., *lik ' iffi - 1/' • • mARy • ot W40'.• ., Pill Imo 10 ., •.r••oSEY DR/pp { LAKE •� �„ Amon.•• • P C )10, i. 1. s R ♦, ,se le ri 1 )11, ,44,),04,.........• 4 •it A , 1 •r `EK . , . I . 0 x1 ) iii 0 • �,• �EREA;• Z • ♦ . TADPp�E GaEE� ,‘II ONLY CPEEK o 1 x S a : : I I z • `1 _ _ �' •� 1 REE( II F.- I IIL ‘ cum?CREEK • '• 1 nnuu...." �1�� �► , un.P•r.. OD ,, • S' DERSCH • ?,, • EXISTING TRIALS/ROAD WAY ACCESS TO TRAILS FORMAL TRAILS(FUTURE) y� .- INFORMAL TRAILS(FUTURE) �,P % (T D:\CP\TRAJLSYS Figure 7-2 Trail System N w E Recreation Element s 10 October 3,2000 R11D. Continue to obtain land dedications and/or misommPROMOTE AND FACILITATE THE easements for the development of public trails G 0 A L DEVELOPMENT OF A REGIONAL and the Regional River Parkway through direct RECREATION AND TRAIL SYSTEM purchases and the discretionary approval THAT WILL COMPLEMENT THE process for new development. Until such time R12 CITY'S TRAIL SYSTEM. as a Citywide Trails Master Plan is developed, Immom utilize Figure 7-2 to determine appropriate trail corridors. Policy to achieve this goal is to: R11E. Pursue funding which can be used for parkway R12A. Encourage efforts to develop recreational and trail-system planning, land acquisitions, opportunities in those natural areas construction, and maintenance. neighboring the City, including the Horsetown-Clear Creek Preserve,the Westside R11F. Design bicycle and trail systems in a manner Trail, the Clear Creek Trail, and extension of that protects the privacy and security of the Sacramento River Trial from Redding to adjacent land uses, allows for easy the Interlakes Recreation Area at Shasta Dam. maneuvering, and promotes user safety. VANDALISM AND USER SAFETY R11G. Encourage the establishment of volunteer bicycle-path/recreation-trail patrols to improve Studies of public attitudes have found that the level of the real and perceived level of safety for users use and enjoyment of recreational facilities are directly of those facilities. related to an individual's perceptions regarding personal safety. Since the City has invested and will continue to REGIONAL RECREATIONAL invest significantly in the development of park and OPPORTUNITIES recreational facilities, it is essential that the topics of vandalism and improved park safety be addressed. This plan envisions that the citywide trail system will imiiimil complement and become an integral component of a regional trail and recreation system. Much work has GOAL REDUCE THE PREVALENCE OF been accomplished to date by various agencies and VANDALISM AND INCREASE THE organizations to lay the foundation for a number of LEVEL OF SAFETY IN PARK recreation/natural areas and regional trails. This R13 FACILITIES AND OPEN-SPACE includes establishment of right-of-way and construction Imi LANDS. • of a portion of the "Westside Trail," organizing efforts to extend the Sacramento River Trail from Redding to Policies to achieve this goal are to: the Interlakes Recreation Area and planning for a trail R13A. Plan for safe and secure park and recreation connection between the Sacramento River and the areas. Whiskeytown National Recreation Area along Clear Creek. Completion of these trails, together with the R13B. Incorporate security lighting and other design City's trail system, will provide invaluable recreational features within park and recreation facilities to opportunities. Further, with the establishment of the reduce vandalism and improve user safety, Horsetown-Clear Creek Preserve, additional public while protecting surrounding residential uses lands are available for passive recreational pursuits. As from excessive light and glare. Redding's population continues to grow in the coming decades, the opportunity these areas will offer will R13C. Consider providing park hosts for all larger become even more appreciated by citizens of Redding. parks. R13D. Establish a policy of zero tolerance for vandalism. October 3,2000 Recreation Element 11 APPENDIX "A" RECREATION ELEMENT PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED PARK SITES Map Park Acres Developed Description of Facilities No. Acres Small Neighborhood Parks 1 Amethyst Park .61 Picnic area,playground area,turf grass,handicapped access 2 Bedrock Park** .50 Undeveloped 3 Benton Airpark* 2.30 Parking lot,picnic area,turf grass 4 Bobwhite Park .43 Playground area,turf grass 5 Carnelian Park .50 Basketball court,picnic area,turf grass 6 Chum Creek Heights** 1.00 Undeveloped 7 Clover Creek Park* 2.75 1.00 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass 8 Country Heights Park 3.59 1.50 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass 9 Creekside Park .87 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass,handicapped access 10 Foothill Park 3.25 Turf grass 11 Foxtail Park 1.00 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass 12 Graham Park .40 Parking lot,picnic area,turf grass 13 Hacienda Heights,Unit 5** 1.23 Undeveloped 14 Hawn Avenue Park .31 Picnic area,playground area 15 Indian Hills Park 1.40 .75 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass,handicapped access 16 Library Park .30 Historical,parking lot,picnic area,turf grass 17 Martin Luther King Jr.Park 3,30 Baseball field,basketball court,horseshoe court,parking lot,picnic area,playground area, restrooms,turf grass,handicapped access,multipurpose building,shade structure 18 Meadow Creek Park* 2.00 Turf grass 19 Minder Park 1.00 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass,handicapped access 20 Northridge Gardens Park .75 Picnic area,turf grass,handicapped access,shade structure 21 Old City Hall Park .10 Historical,arboretum/museum 22 Peppertree Park 2.00 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,trail,turf grass 23 Rancho Estates Park** 3.27 Undeveloped 24 Ravenwood Park .76 Picnic area,playground area,turf grass,handicapped access 25 River Park Highlands** 1.92 Undeveloped 26 River Park Highlands,Unit 2** 1.21 Undeveloped 27 River Ridge Park I** 1.90 Undeveloped 28 River Ridge Park II** 2.00 Undeveloped 29 Rolling Hills Park 1.28 Basketball court,turf grass 30 Rosetree Park** 2.00 Undeveloped 31 Stillwater Heights Park 1.85 1.00 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass,handicapped access 32 Summerfield Meadows** 2.26 Undeveloped 33 Tourmaline Park** .50 Undeveloped 34 T.R.Woods Memorial Park 3.00 Basketball court,parking lot,playground area,turf grass,shade structure 35 Valley Ridge Park 1.47 1.00 Basketball court,picnic area,turf grass 36 Vista Ridge** .92 Undeveloped 37 Waverly Park** .60 , Undeveloped 38 Western Oaks Park 2.10 Basketball court,picnic area,playground,turf grass,handicapped access 12 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED PARK SITES Map Park Acres Developed Description of Facilities No. Acres • 39 Whistling Park** 2.00 Undeveloped 40 Wilson Street Park*• 3.00 Undeveloped 41 Victoria Knolls** 5.00 Undeveloped TOTAL 66.63 Large Neighborhood Parks 42 Alta Mesa Park 6.76 Baseball field,parking lot,picnic area,playground area,restroom,tennis court,turf grass 43 Blossom Park*• 5.90 Undeveloped 44 Hacienda Heights** 6.60 Undeveloped 45 Lake Redding Park 10.00 Historical,horseshoe court,parking lot,picnic area,playground area,restrooms,trail,turf grass,fishing access,shade structure 46 Mary Lake Park* 30.00 25.00 Picnic area,trail,fishing access 47 Ridgeview Park* 6.06 1.90 Basketball court,picnic area,playground area,turf grass,handicapped access 2150 Cumberland Drive TOTAL 65.32 Community Parks 48 Buckeye Park* 30.00 9.40 Baseball field,parking lot,picnic area,restrooms,tennis court,trail,turf grass Baseball field,basketball court,boat ramp,historical,arboretum/museum,parking lot, 49 Caldwell Park 70.00 picnic area,playground arca,restrooms,soccer field,swimming,trail,turf grass,handicap parking,fishing access,multipurpose building 50 Cascade Park* 27.64 4.00 Basketball court,parking lot,picnic area,playground area,trail,turf grass,fishing access 51 Enterprise Park* 94.60 30.00 Basketball court,parking lot,picnic area,playground,restrooms,soccer field,roller hockey,tennis court,turf grass,handicapped parking,shade structure 52 South City Park 20.00 Baseball field,parking lot,picnic area,playground area,restrooms,tennis court,turf grass, multipurpose building 53 Twin View Park** 41.20 Undeveloped TOTAL 283.44 Joint School/Park Facilities 54 Enterprise High School 4.00 Parking lot,soccer field,swimming 55 Parsons Jr.High School 4.00 Baseball field,parking lot,restrooms,soccer field 56 Sequoia Middle School 4.00 Parking lot,soccer field,tennis court TOTAL 12.00 Special Purpose Facilities 57 Community Garden Center' 18.00 10.00 Parking lot,restrooms • 58 Riverfront Park* 17.00 Boat ramp,parking lot,picnic area,restrooms,turf grass,fishing access 59 Riverland Drive** 54.00 Undeveloped 60 Rodeo Grounds 12.00 Rodeo arena,bleachers,restrooms,parking lot 61 Senior Citizen Hall 1.95 Parking lot,restrooms,handicapped access,multipurpose building 62 Softball Park 4.40 Baseball field,parking lot,restrooms 63 South Bonnyview Boat Launch 6.10 5.00 Boat ramp,parking lot,restrooms,handicapped access,fishing access 64 Sulphur Creek Park** 10.00 Undeveloped 65 Treatment Plant*• 272.00 .50 Undeveloped 66 Turtle Bay East* 85.00 Parking lot,fishing access TOTAL 480.45 TOTAL ALL FACILITIES 907.84 * Partially Developed '•Undeveloped 1 If different than total acreage Source: City of Redding Development Services Department.January 1996. October 3,2000 Recreation Element 13 0 SHASTA DAM O� O DAM: .. tiW Qy - 2 9F Wg4.K fR 4�a' Q grie. �'�+ ti U / ��Z ii 0 hi t 3 F > SHASTA COMMUNITY O 4\G,� DAM Z� 3 COLLEGE SR Zg9 E E°' r _ 0�Rntii� �iii„,...„, a ,I LEo 'O 27 / Y A C Cs?..)" W Z 25 26 O�N �� ® cc ,3 Z y� HARIAN . 4p¢ 36 aJ(ia CD �o t� N. 2 13356gg.��� a G 39 ig Ca . ,� o O s7((�,�- * ....1 G SR K. 3q EUREKA .`[my�. �► OLD�y ALTURAS Q ?,, A x Z 11441101\i‘Dri, JP"Eigrialriter:IF Inn elk7,4,„, j11IiIL'HARTNL q0 1011111M. BG �� r® ` V ®i 13 SR �4 Ay�� 1 ® ■(R 411 U § 51 LI 38 N 'y. x s m 0 Q ER �� �EW ® > RANCHO N 0 c 90 �� � Q . K C1ilIC ¢ a i GIRVAN RONIMUNICIPAL .' �, AIRPORT K ilio,ilio,CLEAR CREE '' � A 0,441 co MEADOWVIEW 1 Op I1' FIGTREE GA \\ DERSCH Ss J E` P es i s D:\GP\PARKLOC Apendix A Park Locations N W E Recreation Element 14 s October 3,2000 Econo *C levelopifie s Ele ire Economic Deveioprcnt existing local firms to grow,and ensuring that adequate infrastructure is provided. INTRODUCTION Second, the element places importance on quality of life—on establishing a greater sense of community. It strives to create a city that has ample cultural, entertainment, and recreational opportunities. It also PURPOSE AND CONTENT emphasizes the economic benefits that can be realized from attracting and accommodating additional Economic development has received increasing convention activity. Together with the other elements attention over the past several decades as the region's of this Plan, the strategy also strives to create a more natural resource-based and other industries have visually pleasing community by establishing policies declined. Between 1988 and 1997,Shasta County lost that will result in more attractive streets and a better 30 percent of its manufacturing base, or about harmony between different land uses. In short,creating 1,400 manufacturing jobs. During this same period, a community that will be sought out by business owners employment in the retail/service sector has increased who value these attributes in a community in which dramatically,resulting in an over-concentration of low- they want to live as well as invest. wage jobs. While significant gains have been made over the years to attract additional industries to the Third, the element recognizes the importance of area, it is clear that a multifaceted approach to generalized economic activity such as the retail and economic development will bring increasing benefits. service industries. Service jobs, particularly for the This approach must recognize the importance of medical industries, provide excellent wages and attracting and retaining higher-paying primary industry benefits. A healthy retail base provides the City with and jobs and other types of industry that demonstrate needed sales tax revenue to fund police and fire strong economic benefit to the city and its citizens, services as well as planning, parks, and other vital City while maintaining a commitment to creating a functions. community that is attractive and well-planned. Redding should provide a rich cultural and recreational This General Plan element complements existing City environment and display a commitment to its historic of Redding Council policies and establishes direction Downtown. It will take a sustained effort on these and guidelines concerning how and where the City of fronts to realize the growth in the economy and job Redding's economic development efforts will be base that is considered essential by the community. No concentrated to obtain the greatest potential long-term single policy or approach will be as successful as a returns. Guiding policies include the following topical coordinated effort made in these areas. areas: Business Attraction, Business Retention and Expansion,Use of Incentives for Job Creation,Quality This element establishes the basic framework that will of Life, Retail and Downtown Development, and guide economic growth over the coming years. Its Infrastructure Investments. underlying premise is threefold: First, the element recognizes the importance of attracting(and retaining) The overall goal of this element is to: high-paying, primary industry jobs to the community. It recognizes that the growth in small- and medium- w Develop a strong and competitive economic base. sized businesses will represent the best potential for job growth over the long term. This can be accomplished w Increase the average earnings per worker in the by focusing efforts on attracting new industry, assisting community and number of job opportunities in mid- to higher-wage rate areas. October 3,2000 Economic Development Element 1 ► Provide adequate resources to ensure a high level It is clear that attracting high-wage jobs will have a of public services. positive impact on the retail, services, and tourism industries. It will also lead to an increase in sales tax ► Strike an appropriate balance between economic receipts for the City, since workers have more development efforts and maintaining the discretionary income to spend. However, the City also community's natural and manmade assets. recognizes that additional strategies must be initiated to work in concert with industrial expansions. While the community must focus considerable energy and resources on attracting and promoting higher- AUTHORITY paying industries, it must continue to attract retail, services, and tourist industries. It is these industries In addition to the General Plan elements listed in that currently provide the primary source of Government Code Section 65302, local governments discretionary income for the City. Sales taxes in may adopt "any other elements or address any other particular fund public-safety services,such as police and subjects which . . . relate to the physical development fire, as well as providing funds for community parks, of the county or city" (Government Code Section planning, and other important and necessary services. 65303). The Economic Development Element is an Further, the medical industry has expanded optional element that provides specific guidance on significantly over the past two decades and continues to industrial, retail, and related development in the City. play a vital role in providing relatively high-wage,high- skill employment opportunities. 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 mimmomme ATTRACT NEW PRIMARY AND G 0 A L OTHER INDUSTRIES WHICH ARE GOALS AND POLICIES PROVEN TO PROVIDE HIGHER- PAYING JOBS AND MULTIPLIERS ED 1 THAT WILL CREAT A MORE BALANCED AND STABLE ECONOMY. BUSINESS ATTRACTION , Policies to achieve this goal are to: EXPANSION, AND RETENTION ED IA. Maintain an inventory of developable This section addresses efforts that the City will make in industrial land free of significant development bringing additional primary industries, jobs, and other constraints in order to accommodate types of industry that demonstrate strong economic projected industrial growth over a 20 year benefit to the city of Redding as well as protecting the time frame. job base that we currently have. The principal focus of ED IB. Establish an economic development fund the City's efforts should be on small-and medium-sized using a portion of proceeds from the sale of businesses which demonstrate a long-term commitment surplus property or other appropriate revenue to the community. Accomplishment will require a focused effort on the part of numerous organizations,all sources to acquire/improve industrial sites, provide financial incentives, or to undertake working toward this common goal. other initiatives to accomplish the goals of this It should be noted that there are circumstances where element. it will be in the City's best interest to provide incentives ED1C. Facilitate the acquisition and development of to stimulate the local economy beyond that which one or more large industrial sites as a means of would normally occur without public-sector involvement. Incentives are appropriate when the attracting appropriate industrial or additional revenues or benefits received from a project distribution facilities. are greater than the cost of the incentives provided by ED1D. Continue to utilize the Shasta Metro the City. In exceptional cases, the City may choose to Enterprise Zone, the job credit incentive participate financially in a project in the absence of a program, and other economic incentives to direct employment, revenue, or image-enhancement attract primary and other industries to benefit. Direct City financial participation in a project Redding. • should occur when the City's participation is key to the success of the development and the development ED1E. Work with the Economic Development directly fulfills an important community health,safety, Corporation, Shasta County, the Cities of and well-being goal. Examples may include a project Shasta Lake and Anderson, and other that creates higher-paying jobs or a project that acts as appropriate entities to market the area's a catalyst to bring other desirable projects into the City. opportunities to those industries with the The Redding City Council has adopted numerous highest potential of meeting economic and policies intended to facilitate economic growth. The fiscal goals. following goals and policies are intended to complement and expand upon existing and future ED1F. Facilitate appropriate training for both Council policies regarding economic development. existing jobs and in preparation for the needs of new employers by: ► Supporting practical job training and vocational programs geared to specific industries and occupational needs within the community. October 3,2000 Economic Development Element 3 ▪ Continuing to encourage the ED2B. Foster a better business climate by enhancing development of a four-year university communication among the business within the region. community and City administration. ► Attracting technical and business schools ED2C. Develop a Business Retention and Expansion to the City. Incentive Program for existing primary industries and other industries that provide ED1G. Pursue environmental mitigation strategies higher-paying jobs and multipliers within the designed to remove impediments to industrial local economy. growth, including mitigation banks, habitat conservation plans, regional storm-water UTILIZE ECONOMIC INCENTIVES IN A detention, and air quality programs. G 0 A L COST-EFFECTIVE MANNER; ENSURE THAT THE USE OF INCENTIVE ED1H. Facilitate establishment of air cargo and RESULTS IN SUBSTANTIAL BENEFITS similar transportation- and aviation-oriented ED3 TO THE RESIDENTS OF THE CITY. businesses at the Redding Municipal Airport through appropriate facility planning and expansions. Policies to achieve this goal are to: ED1I. Encourage and facilitate the establishment of ED3A. Utilize City-sponsored incentives for those a rail-side facility for freight-container businesses that demonstrate a long-term loading/unloading in cooperation of the Union commitment to the community. Pacific Railroad to augment rail transportation opportunities. ED3B. Ensure that City-sponsored incentives provided will result in a net economic benefit ED1J. Streamline the development and economic for the City and its residents. development process through code revisions and internal policies and project review ED3C. Utilize incentives in a manner that maintains efficiencies. community standards and a sound financial • base for infrastructure. ED IK. Support public and private efforts to create viable incubator projects and other ED3D. Analyze proposed incentives from both fiscal appropriate programs. and economic perspectives,including using a return on investment methodology. ED 1 L. Explore opportunities to leverage existing utility infrastructure to provide high- ED3E. Leverage funds for City-sponsored incentives bandwidth telecommunication connections to from a combination of sources such as properties in industrial areas. redevelopment, Community Development Block Grant, and other programs where feasible. G 0 A L FACILITATE THE RETENTION AND EXPANSION OF EXISTING COMMUNITY IMAGE BUSINESSES. ED2 The image a community portrays is a vital component immom of economic development. Redding must continue to mature into a city that looks beyond providing basic Policies to achieve this goal are to: needs for its citizens. It must also strive to become a community where excellence in civic, cultural, ED2A. Identify and remedy any City impediments to educational, and the natural environment are the the retention/expansion of existing businesses norm. in Redding. 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 The Community Development and Design Element cultural level of the community and the addresses a number of actions and policies to quality of life. accomplish this end. These include strong code enforcement efforts; provision of adequate RETAIL AND SERVICE INDUSTRIES infrastructure; and supplementation of plans for educational,cultural,and recreational opportunities,as A large portion of the City's revenue is derived from the well as other measures. retail industry.It is this revenue which enables the City to provide a variety of necessary public services such as PRESERVE AND ENHANCE THE police and fire protection, parks, and other services. G 0 A L COMMUNITY ASSETS AND The regional nature of Redding's retail market CHARACTER WHICH MAKE THE (approximately 27,000 square miles) significantly COMMUNITY AN AITRACTIVE AREA enhances the ability of the City to provide public ED4 TO LIVE,WORK,AND INVEST. services at a level that surpasses many similarly sized mommimi cities because of the considerable sales tax that is captured. Policies to achieve this goal are to: The community need not rely solely on the trade area ED4A. Develop and implement plans for noted above for the health of the retail and service enhancement of educational, cultural, and sectors. A tremendous opportunity exists for attracting recreational facilities for the City that attract conventions that bring additional dollars to the visitors and improve the quality of life for community from outside this area. The natural residents, such as: recreational amenities offered by this region, together with an impressive variety of lodging and eating ► Developing a sports complex. establishments,clearly suggest that the potential for an increase in convention activity is untapped. ► Completing the Turtle Bay Museum Complex and Sacramento River pedestrian bridge. G 0 A L MAINTAIN AND EXPAND REDDING'S INFLUENCE AS A REGIONAL RETAIL ► Developing the Park Marina riverfront TRADE CENTER. area. ED5 ► Adding to the existing and proposed trails network Policies to achieve this goal are to: ► Expanding existing and adding new ED5A. Pursue development of a new convention community parks. center and conference facilities in order to remain competitive in the convention ► Integrating public art into the life of the industry. community. ED5B. Encourage proposals for major shopping, ► Providing a full-service library. specialty retail, cultural, entertainment, tourism, and convention facilities that are ► Facilitating community events, such as regional in scope and which will strengthen MarketFest, Kool April Nites, Redding Redding's position as the North State hub for Jazz Festival, and similar events. these activities. ED4B. Develop multi-use, public-assembly facilities ED5C. Consider providing financial incentives for in support of the conventions and hospitality regional retail developments where retail sales industry and as a means of enhancing the leakage will be reduced. Establish return-on- investment criteria for public funds. October 3,2000 Economic Development Element 5 ED5D. Support efforts to increase the number of ED6B. Preserve and enhance historic structures that businesses operating in Redding to generate contribute to the unique character of more sales tax, transient occupancy tax, and Downtown and add to the Downtown business and personal property taxes. pedestrian retail attraction. ED5E. Aggressively promote the City to the visitor ED6C. Explore the feasibility of assuming and convention markets. responsibility for portions of the State highway system in Downtown. ED5F. Support efforts directed at capturing sales taxes from Internet and catalog sales. ED6D. Facilitate additional attractions and amenities that bring people Downtown, including ED5G. Support efforts to expand medical facilities restaurants, local shopping, festivals/special and services in the community. events, and entertainment. DOWNTOWN REVITALIZATION ED6E. Encourage retail diversity, including the establishment of small specialty retail shops in A vibrant downtown says much about a community. It the Downtown and Park Marina Drive areas. is a place where businesses thrive and cultural events and entertainment opportunities abound. It is a setting ED6F. Facilitate and promote the expansion of that provides a true heart to a community and cultural and entertainment opportunities expresses the community's basic values. A strong Downtown that will attract retail customers downtown conveys a positive message to prospective during nonpeak hours. businesses about the community's pride and concern. ED6G. Encourage Shasta College, Simpson College, Esimem ESTABLISH THE DOWNTOWN AREA Chico State University,and other institutions G 0 A L ASA VIBRANT,HEALTHY CITY CORE to conduct evening classes Downtown to THAT SERVES AS THE CITY'S SOCIAL, expand retailing opportunities into the CULTURAL, AND SPECIALTY RETAIL evening hours. ED6 CENTER. Nosimem Policies to achieve this goal are to: ED6A. Facilitate the revitalization and redevelopment of the Downtown Redding core. 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 1)hC Fat* *ties A r a Services N Facilities N it erg 1 1 ent Background data and information for this element is contained within Chapters 5 and 7 of the City of INTRODUCTION Redding General Plan Background Report, although some of that information has been updated to reflect more current conditions. This report describes the full range of facilities and services provided to the citizens of Redding by the City and other agencies. That PURPOSE AND CONTENT information is not repeated in this element. Capital improvements are perhaps the most important Specific topics addressed in the Policy Document investment a City can make in itself. They are also include: the most expensive. Therefore, it is essential that decision-makers and the public have access to • Law Enforcement information regarding anticipated facility needs and 1. Fire Protection i. desired service level standards to ensure that necessary Municipal Water Systems improvements are constructed at the appropriate time. ▪ Sanitary Sewer Collection and Treatment i. This element contains facility descriptions, service Electric Service level standards, and goals and policies designed to • Solid Waste Collection and Disposal assist the City Council, advisory bodies and the city • Storm Drain Facilities management team with decisions related to staffing ▪ Corporation Yard and the construction/improvement of public facilities. ' Streets ▪ Bridges The location,size and timing of needed improvements • Transit Facilities is directly related to the land use patterns identified in ▪ Airport Facilities the Community Development and Design Element ' Parks and service level standards identified within the Public • Large and Small Community Centers Facilities and Services Element. Significant changes • Convention Facilities in land use types, locations or intensities from those • Downtown Improvements • identified within the Community Development and • Libraries Design Element can have a direct impact on public ▪ Funding facility and services planning. When changes to the Community Development and Design Element and/or Discussion of these topics and the issues related to General Plan Diagram are considered, the impacts on providing public facilities and services as a whole has planned public facilities should also be assessed and been grouped within the following Sections: considered as part of the land use change decision- making process. • Establishing and Maintaining Service Levels The biggest challenge Redding faces in providing Public Safety (Law Enforcement and Fire public facilities and services is developing a long-term Protection) funding strategy to pay for those items without creating an undue burden on itself, developers, City Utility Infrastructure and Services (Water, residents and businesses. The second half of this Sewer, Electric, Solid Waste, Stormwater, and element includes a discussion of funding options for Corporation Yard) identified facilities and services and policy guidelines for long-term funding strategies. Transportation Facilities (Streets, Bridges, Transit Facilities, and Airports October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 1 ► Recreational and Cultural Facilities (Parks, AUTHORITY Large and Small Community Centers, Downtown Improvements,Convention Center, Pursuant to Section 65303 of the Government Code, and Libraries) a General Plan may include optional elements such as a Public Facilities Element, as long as the element Funding relates to the physical development of the City. These elements have the same legal status and consistency requirements as mandatory elements. 2 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 PF1C. When reviewing applications for land use designation changes (i.e. zone change, GOALS AND POLICIES General Plan Amendment,Specific Plan), conduct a thorough analysis of the impacts of the proposed changes on all aspects of the City's infrastructure system, and require mitigation as appropriate. ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING SERVICE LEVELS PF1D. Require that the provision of streets, sewer, electric,water,drainage and other The types and levels of public facilities and services needed infrastructure be coordinated in a that are provided in a community often affects not logical manner between adjacent only an individual's thoughts about the quality of life developments so as to reduce design, that the community offers, but can have a direct construction and maintenance costs. impact on economic development efforts. Cities PF1E. Require that infrastructure be designed which maintain higher levels of services and facilities and constructed to meet ultimate capacity typically foster a good deal of civic pride among their needs, pursuant to a master plan, so as to residents, and leave a positive impression with those avoid the need for costly retrofitting. who visit. As Redding continues to evolve into a regional urban center, it is essential that existing PF1F. Utilize reimbursement agreements,where service and facility standards be maintained and/or appropriate, when upgraded or oversized improved. Strategies should also be implemented facilities are installed by an individual which ensure that desired facilities and services are developer and the cost of the facilities provided in the most efficient and cost effective exceeds the development's proportional manner possible. The facility and service thresholds share of responsibility. that follow are intended to guide planning and funding decisions, but not to be proscriptive in nature. PF1G. Direct growth toward areas which already have infrastructure capacity available by ENSURE THAT ADEQUATE PUBLIC providing incentives for quality infill G 0 A L SERVICES AND FACILITIES ARE development. AVAILABLE TO SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT IN AN EFFICIENT PF IH. Encourage clustering of development to PF 1 AND ORDERLY MANNER. maximize the use and efficiency of infrastructure facilities. Policies to achieve this goal are to: PF1I. Regularly update and adopt the City's Capital Improvement Program (CIP) to PF 1A. Require that all new development, prioritize funding for public works projects including major modifications to existing in accordance with the General Plan. development,construct necessary on-site infrastructure to serve the project in PF1J. Recognize the considerable public accordance with City standards. investment made in existing utility and street infrastructure by ensuring that PF1B. Require that all new development, funding for maintaining its integrity, including major modifications to existing reliability,and service levels is on par with development, construct or provide a fair investment in new facilities. share contribution toward the construction of any off-site improvements PUBLIC SAFETY necessary to offset project impacts and/or support the project. Providing public safety services is an important function of any municipality. Safety services are October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 3 typically divided into two broad categories: law ongoing concern, particularly depending on the size enforcement and fire protection. and location of the annexation. Significant increases in population or geographic area are likely to result in LAW ENFORCEMENT the need for additional beats and/or staffing. Otherwise, degradation of existing response times Law enforcement in the Planning Area is provided by would almost certainly occur. two agencies,the Redding Police Department and the Shasta County Sheriffs Department. The Redding GOAL ENSURE A HIGH LEVEL OF POLICE Police Department provides law enforcement services PROTECTION FOR THE CITY'S within the City limits. The Shasta County Sheriffs RESIDENTS, BUSINESSES, AND Department is responsible for services within the PF2 VISITORS. unincorporated areas. mommimmi The Redding Police Department operates primarily Policies to achieve this goal are to: from the main station complex located at 1313 California Street and a satellite investigations PF2 A. Establish the following thresholds for office in the Downtown Mall. The department is police services: organized into three major divisions: Administrative Services, Field Operations and Investigations. Maintain, at a minimum, a sworn officer to population ratio of In 1999,the City employed 107 sworn officers, giving 1.36 officers per 1,000 residents. it a ratio of 1.36 officers per 1,000 residents. This figure is considered average and the minimum amount Respond to 85 percent of Priority necessary to sustain current levels of service. In order 1 calls within 5 minutes of being to improve efficiencies,consolidation of all divisions in dispatched. one location, which will allow for future increases in staffing, is desirable. However, even with the PF2B. Provide police facilities (including patrol conversion of the existing Council Chambers at the and other vehicles,necessary equipment, main station complex and extensive remodeling,a new and support personnel) sufficient to facility is needed today,but funds are not available for maintain the City's standards for law its construction. enforcement services. Other issues for consideration include the need for PF2C. Consider the desirability of establishing additional Field Operations stations as development police substations in certain areas. within the Planning Area continues toward buildout. Colocation of additional police Field Operations PF2D. Consider utilizing developer impact fees facilities with City Fire Stations may provide to finance a portion of police facilities. opportunities to maximize facility investment and simme efficiencies. Other options for increasing the presence GOAL CREATE AND MAINTAIN EFFICIENT and accessibility of law enforcement personnel may POLICE ADMINISTRATION include developing community-oriented substations in FACILITIES. certain areas. PF3 Response Time Policies to achieve this goal are to: The Redding Police Department has established a PF3A. Remodel the"old"City Council Chambers geographic based"beat" system to respond to calls for to provide additional floor area in Fiscal service. There are currently six beats covering the Year (FY) 2000-2001. City's 59 square mile area. Department personnel have expressed concerns with the size of the existing PF3B. Construct a new 48,000-square-foot beats (particularly Beat 1—the largest geographically) police administration building to in the City. Annexation of additional areas is also an 4 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 consolidate services at the new Civic To offset the potential for a reduction in ISO rating, Center complex. additional fire stations and built in fire protection systems will be necessary as the boundaries of the City FIRE PROTECTION expand. immoomme Fire protection within the Planning Area is provided ENSURE ADEQUATE FIRE by three primary agencies. These include the Redding G 0 A L PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY Fire Department (RFD), California Department of MEDICAL RESPONSE F O R Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) and the Shasta RESIDENTS AND BUSINESSES IN County Fire Department (SCFD). The Redding Fire PF4 THE COMMUNITY. Department has the primary responsibility for providing fire protection and emergency services response within the City limits. A mutual aid Policies to achieve this goal are to: agreement is in effect with CDF during the wildland fire season for wildland and structure fires within a one PF4A. Establish the following thresholds for fire mile fringe area surrounding the City. An automatic protection services: aid agreement with the Shasta County Fire Department is also in effect for structure fires outside ' Maintain a community ISO rating of the wildland fire season. Under this agreement the of 3 or better. Redding Fire Department responds within a one mile fringe area surrounding the City and to county islands. Respond to 90 percent of all calls Shasta County Fire Department responds to a small within 5 minutes of being geographic area on the east side of the City. dispatched. The Redding Fire Department has three main PF4B. Endeavor to maintain the minimum divisions: Administration, Operations, and Fire response time for fire calls through Prevention. It operates from seven stations and a Fire adequate staffing, proper distribution of Headquarters at City Hall. fire stations and equipment, and use of automatic aid agreements. Response Time /ISO Rating PF4C. Construct new and possibly relocate The Redding Fire Department has a standard of a five- existing fire stations as needed to minute response time for all emergency calls,although maintain service thresholds. a four-minute response is more desirable for life safety and property conservation. Response time is measured PF4D. Utilize the following factors to determine from the point at which the agency receives the location and type of fire fighting notification from the Shasta Area Communications equipment that is needed: Agency(SHASCOM),which provides a consolidated The concentration of structures in dispatch service. The Department notes annexation activity and population growth have resulted in the a given area. standard not being met in all seven districts. Average The available water supply. response times in 1998/1999 ranged from a low of 5.67 minutes for the response area served by Station 1 The availability of automatic aid. (1335 Shasta Street) to a high of 7.11 minutes for the response area served by Station 6 (4201 Oasis Road). The amount of area to be protected. The City currently maintains an Insurance Services Office (ISO) rating of 3. However, the Fire The kind of fires to be Department has expressed concern over the ability to encountered. maintain this rating as areas are annexed and additional growth occurs in the existing City limits. Desired response times. October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 5 PF4E. Implement ordinances to protect life, Options for meeting anticipated water demand control fire losses and fire protection costs associated with buildout of the General Plan include: through the use of automatic suppression systems. 1. Drilling additional wells. UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE AND 2. Obtaining increased surface water allotments SERVICES from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Urban development requires a wide range of utility 3. Conservation measures. services including water, sewer, solid waste, electric, 4. Transfer agreements with other agencies. and stormwater drainage. The City has historically provided all of these services within its incorporated 5. Treatment and utilization of reclaimed water. area except for independent water districts operated in various areas. Special districts and private utility 6. Development and implementation of policies companies provide these services within the which require new development to install unincorporated portions of the Redding Planning landscape with low water requirements. Area. MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEMS G 0 A L MAINTAIN AN ADEQUATE LEVEL OF SERVICE IN THE CITY'S WATER As of 1999, water service within the Planning Area is SYSTEM TO MEET EXISTING AND provided by five different entities: The City of PF5 FUTURE NEEDS. Redding, Bella Vista Water District, Centerville Community Services District, Shasta Community Services District and the Clear Creek Community Policies to achieve this goal are to: Services District. Coordination between the City and the various districts is generally provided by PF5A. Establish the following thresholds for "annexation agreements" which ensure that water water services and facilities: systems and fire flows are constructed and maintained in accordance with City of Redding Standards. Program planned expansion activities, when demand at an existing treatment The City has three primary sources of water to supply plant reaches within 10 percent plant its municipal water system: capacity. 1. Surface water drawn from the Sacramento Reservoir capacity should be maintained River. This source constitutes approximately at 20 percent of maximum day demand. 59 percent of the City's total supply. ► Develop additional water supplies from 2. Surface water drawn from Whiskeytown Lake wells at least two years prior to a projected via the Spring Creek Conduit. This source water deficit. constitutes approximately 18 percent of the City's total supply. PF5B. Develop and maintain a regular program for systematically replacing deteriorated or 3. Wells located in the Enterprise area provide deficient water pipes. approximately 18 percent of the City's total supply. Wells located in the Cascade system PF5C. Require water distribution systems to be located in south central Redding provide interconnected ("looped") wherever approximately 5 percent of the City's total feasible to facilitate the reliable delivery of supply. water anywhere in the City. 6 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 PF5D. Immediately begin the process to acquire Program planned expansion activities, additional allocations from the U.S. when an existing wastewater treatment Bureau of Reclamation. plant reaches 75 percent capacity based on dry weather flows on an ongoing basis. PF5E. Be actively involved in surface water adjudication which could have a negative PF6B. Monitor operation of the sewage impact on the City's water rights and/or collection and treatment system to allocation. determine when upgrading or expansion of the system is necessary to serve PF5F. Periodically update the City's Master development demands. Water Plan to reflect changes to the General Plan General Plan Diagram, PF6C. Develop and implement a regular program water use pattern changes, regulatory for replacing and upgrading deteriorated changes, or other circumstances. and undersized sewer lines to reduce inflow and infiltration into the system. SANITARY SEWER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT PF6D. Encourage the land application of treated wastewater biosolids and other similar The City of Redding is the sole provider of sanitary activities consistent with standard sewer service within the Planning Area. However, industry practices and permitting by the current policy dictates that except under extraordinary California Regional Water Quality circumstances, sewer service will not be extended Control Board and the Planning unless properties are first annexed to the City. The Commission. Planning Area is divided into two separate service areas known as the Clear Creek Sewer Service Area PF6E. Develop a market and the ability to and the Stillwater Sewer Service Area. deliver reclaimed water for appropriate uses. As of 1999,there were 34,020 HE's within the system. This is 37 percent of the 92,045 HE's estimated for ELECTRIC SERVICE ultimate development of the service area. With proposed future expansions,and correction of current As a California municipal corporation, the City of inflow and infiltration difficulties, the two treatment Redding owns, operates and maintains a power facilities will be able to accommodate the forecasted transmission and distribution system within the City growth. limits. Given the investment in such a system, and a commitment to providing power at the lowest possible MAINTAIN AN ADEQUATE LEVEL rates, it has historically been Redding's policy to be G 0 A L OF SERVICE IN THE CITY'S SEWAGE the sole provider of electric service within the City COLLECTION AND TREATMENT limits. As areas are annexed, City electric service is SYSTEM TO MEET EXISTING AND made available when PGSLF facilities can be purchased PF6 FUTURE NEEDS. or otherwise provided through a logical extension of the City's electric distribution system. Policies to achieve this goal are to: On September 23, 1996, the Governor of California signed into law the landmark electric utility industry PF6A. Establish the following thresholds for restructuring legislation known as AB 1890. Industry sewer facilities: restructuring or deregulation is an effort by the State to lower consumers' energy costs by providing ► Program planned expansion activities competition in the buying and selling of energy. when a trunk line,interceptor line,or lift Deregulation only applies to the generation of energy; station reaches 75 percent of capacity. it does not apply to the distribution of energy. October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 7 As industry restructuring unfolds, the City Electric PF7F. Develop a diverse energy or power supply Utility is committed to be the preferred provider of mix that is competitive with the electric service within the City limits. California market and is environmentally sensitive. To remain competitive and to serve present and future demands for electric service, the City will expand the SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL electric system in a logical manner to reliably deliver energy to its customers and will acquire new energy Solid waste generated in the Planning Area is resources as needed to meet customer energy needs. disposed of at Shasta County's Richard W.Curry/West Central Sanitary Landfill. Under existing state mitmom PROVIDE SAFE, RELIABLE, permits, the landfill has sufficient capacity to G 0 A L COMPETITIVELY PRICED accommodate the disposal of solid waste at least to the ELECTRICITY FOR EXISTING AND year 2017. Expansion of the facility also appears to be FUTURE CITY ELECTRIC plausible at such time as increased capacity is PF 7 CUSTOMERS. warranted beyond the extent of existing permits. Although Shasta County owns the Richard Curry Policies to achieve this goal are to: Landfill,it has contracted with the City of Redding for the operation and management of the facility. This PF7A. Periodically review and update , as arrangement was formalized in 1988. All residential, necessary, the City's Electric Utility commercial and industrial refuse in Redding is Strategic Plan to reflect industry collected by City personnel. The Anderson- restructuring developments and other Cottonwood Disposal Service provides refuse service changing conditions. to those portions of the Planning Area outside the City limits. The City takes over refuse collection and PF7B. Continue to budget capital expenditures disposal responsibilities, as areas are annexed. for buildout of the electric system. Periodically update the system plan to Since 1995, the City has operated it own Solid Waste reflect changes in electric usage patterns, Transfer Station for the transfer of City-collected regulatory changes, changes in General residential, commercial, and industrial refuse and the Plan land use and other circumstances. transfer of self-haul public refuse. The facility also has the capability of processing materials collected by PF7C. Require main electric distribution lines to curbside recycling programs and contains a household be interconnected (looped) wherever hazardous waste drop-off/processing area, and a feasible to facilitate the reliable delivery of composting area. electricity within the City. Recycling efforts within the City currently focus on the PF7D. Design the electric system to allow service collection of residential,curbside recyclables and green to be provided to all electric customers in waste, community education, and operation of a the event of a single contingency failure voluntary drop-off facility at the Solid Waste of a City 115kV power line, substation Transfer/Recycling Facility. Commercial recycling transformer or main 12kV feeder line programs include the collection of corrugated (other than the failed section). cardboard, bar glass, office paper, newspaper, plastic containers, and the diversion of wood and metal PF7E. Regularly inspect overhead and wastes. The Solid Waste Utility is conducting audits underground electric facilities and of businesses' wastes to identify and divert potential continue established programs for recyclables from the waste stream. systematically maintaining and replacing older electric facilities. Maximize Future recycling programs will include automated opportunities for undergrounding collection of green waste and recyclables,which could 12kV distribution lines. increase customer participation and waste diversion 8 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 rates. With the implementation of automated STORMWATER FACILITIES collection of recyclables, the Utility may begin collecting additional recyclables, such as waste paper, The Redding Planning Area contains fifteen junk mail,and additional plastics (Types#3 and#7). hydrologic basins. Storm drainage facilities within the City limits are operated and maintained by the City. PROVIDE FOR EFFICIENT Adjacent to incorporated cities, the responsibility G 0 A L COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF resides with the County of Shasta. As new areas are S OLID WASTE WHILE annexed, the City assumes responsibility for MAINTAINING AN ADEQUATE stormwater management. PF8 WASTE DISPOSAL CAPACITY. Existing storm drainage facilities consist of conventional drop inlet/storm drainage pipeline Policies to achieve this goal are to: collection and conveyance systems located throughout the City. These systems typically outfall into natural PF8A. Establish the following thresholds for solid ravines or tributaries to the Sacramento River where waste collection and disposal facilities: the water is ultimately discharged. Recent studies have indicated that a regional detention/retention ► Prepare necessary studies and obtain approach to stormwater management may be the most appropriate permits to operate a sanitary effective strategy to accomplish adequate flood landfill in Southwest Oregon Gulch or protection within the Planning Area. another appropriate site 5 years preceding the closure of the Richard Curry Landfill. simmemm GOAL ► Pursue expansion of the City's solid waste AVOID INCREASES IN EXISTING transfer station when collection activities 100-YEAR FLOOD LEVELS. approach 85 percent of facility capacity or PF9 additional space is needed to accommodate desired separation and recycling activities. Policies to achieve this goal are to: PF8B. Continue to require solid waste collection PF9A. Establish the following thresholds for service for residential, commercial and stormwater drainage facilities: industrial uses within the incorporated area. Design drainage facilities to convey a 100-year storm. PF8C. Continue to implement the City's Source Reduction and Recycling Element and Until adequate regional stormwater expand identified programs, when facilities are in place, utilize a policy of feasible, in order to meet or exceed state "no net increase in runoff' for mandated waste diversion goals. development projects in all drainage basins where existing development is PF8D. Promote recyclingand other measures within the 100-year floodplain. designed to reduce the generation of solid waste. PF9B. Select and pursue the acquisition of sites considered appropriate for regional PF8E. Continue to work cooperatively with stormwater detention/retention facilities Shasta County to address regional issues within the incorporated area. related to solid waste disposal and waste reduction. PF9C. Construct regional stormwater detention/retention basins at locations that will minimize current flooding risk. October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 9 PF9D. Encourage Shasta County and the City of indoor and outdoor material storage, Shasta Lake to participate in the City's screening, office space, and access and regional systems and/or develop a system storage for vehicles and equipment. of regional detention facilities that will complement the City's system. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES PF9E. Encourage project designs that minimize There are a number of modes of transportation which drainage concentrations and coverage by are utilized within a community. These include, but impermeable surfaces. are not limited to: vehicular, air, transit, rail, bicycle, and pedestrian. Of these items, the most extensive PF9F. Maintain all drainage facilities, including and costly facilities that are provided and maintained detention basins and both natural and by the City are: streets, bridges, airports, and transit manmade channels, to ensure that their facilities. • full carrying capacity is not impaired. Rail service, which is provided by private companies, CORPORATION YARD as well as those features designed to accommodate bicycle,pedestrian and equestrian modes are addressed An often overlooked component of providing a variety as appropriate within the Transportation and of services is the space needed to accommodate and Recreation Elements. Streets and highways,airports, service the vehicles,equipment, and supplies that are and transit services are also addressed in the utilized by various City Departments. The City's Transportation Element. corporation yard currently houses the following types of operations: STREETS ► Public Works Field Operations (water, The City is responsible for ensuring the construction wastewater, streets, electricity) and maintenance of all public streets, sidewalks, bridges, bikeways, traffic signals and street signage ► Parks maintenance. within the incorporated City Limits. The City also maintains a variety of Caltrans facilities consistent ► Fleet maintenance. with the terms of various cooperative agreements. Building maintenance. Developers are either partially or totally responsible for new street construction depending on the type and As the City continues to grow, it must ensure that its location of the project.The City uses public funds to • corporation yard is adequately sized and configured to build or improve major streets when past development accommodate the storage, repair, and operational did not make these improvements as part of their needs of the City. projects. mmoi Nou GOAL ENSURE THAT FACILITIES ARE GOAL MAINTAIN,AND EXPAND WHEN PROVIDED TO ACCOMMODATE NECESSARY, A STREET SYSTEM THE CITY'S STORAGE,REPAIR AND THAT ALLOWS ALL USERS TO PF 10 OPERATIONAL NEEDS. PF 11 TRAVEL SMOOTHLY AND SAFELY. Policies to achieve this goal are to: Policies to achieve this goal are to: PF10A. Prepare a strategic improvement plan for PF11A. Establish the following thresholds for the corporation yard to address long-term streets and intersections: needs including,but not limited to:ultimate 1. land area,types of buildings and structures, Maintain a Level of Service"C"on all City roadways and intersections, 10 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 imiim except at those locations identified ENSURE THAT BRIDGE AND within the Transportation Element, G 0 A L OVERCROSSING IMPROVEMENTS where a LOS "D"is appropriate. WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL TO THE CITY'S CIRCULATION PLAN ARE P. Major arterials and intersections PF 12 PROVIDED. should be programmed for ultimate im lane improvements five years in advance of projections showing LOS Policies to achieve this goal are to: declines below adopted standards. PF12A. Establish the following thresholds for PF11B. Establish a program and funding bridges and overcrossings: mechanism to complete portions of arterials that were not constructed to ► Pursue funding for bridge and ultimate lane widths in conjunction with overcrossing improvements ten years adjacent development and now create in advance of projections showing irregular links or capacity constraints LOS declines below adopted roadway within the system. and intersection standards. PF11C. Reconstruct existing streets as appropriate ► Establish plan lines and begin any to comply with current design standards, necessary right-of-way- acquisition when funding becomes available. Such ten years in advance of the improvements may include, but are not anticipated construction of new limited to: paving, curbs, gutters, bridge and overcrossing facilities sidewalks, signage, landscaping, lighting, identified within the City's raised medians, bikeways and bus Circulation Plan. pullouts. PF12B. Identify appropriate locations for grade PF11D. Establish a program to conduct periodic separations at railroad crossings and street maintenance activities such as pursue their construction. slurry seals, overlays, and pavement PF12C. Consider the location of future bridge and reconstruction to optimize public expenditures and level of service. overcrossing improvements when development is proposed near those areas . PF11E. Develop a program to establish street to ensure that opportunities to construct "plan lines" for future street extensions the facilities will not be precluded in the noted in the Transportation Element. future. BRIDGES AND OVERCROSSINGS TRANSIT FACILITIES The City of Redding is fortunate to have natural Public transportation in the Redding area is provided features, such as the Sacramento River and its by the Redding Area Bus Authority (RABA), which tributaries, traverse through its Planning Area. operates both fixed route and demand response transit However, these features,as well as manmade features services. The fixed route service consists of 13 routes such as Interstate 5 and the Union Pacific Railroad with individual stops at quarter-mile increments. The can also create barriers to vehicular and pedestrian demand response service provides curb-to-curb travel. As Redding develops, it will need to consider transportation for individuals who, because of a and pursue improvements to existing and future mobility impairment or other limitations, are not able bridge/overcrossing facilities if desired access to growth to use a standard fixed route system. areas and roadway Level of Service standards are to be achieved and maintained. RABA began providing service in 1981 and through route extensions, fleet acquisition and facility October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 11 upgrades, continues to meet the challenges of an AIRPORT FACILITIES expanding urban center. There are two airports located within the Planning One of the most significant improvements completed Area. The Redding Municipal Airport, located in the in recent years is Phase I of RABA's new intermodal southeast portion of the City, is designated as a passenger transfer facility which was constructed in certified airport for commercial airline operations. Downtown Redding on the north side of Yuba Street Benton Airpark, located close to Downtown Redding adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad Tracks. at Placer Street and Airpark Drive, is a general aviation airport which provides commercial reliever Construction of Phase II is intended to consolidate support to the Redding Municipal Airport. Both regional and interstate bus lines and passenger rail facilities are owned and operated by the City of service with the RABA system at a single location. Redding. The availability of convenient air The proposed facility would create a more convenient transportation for residents and businesses is an asset link between rail and commercial bus or public transit to the community and can be used as a marketing tool services. in the City's economic development efforts. The 1995 Airport Master Plan outlines future G 0 A L PROVIDE AN EFFICIENT AND improvements planned for the Redding Municipal RELIABLE PUBLIC TRANSIT Airport and Benton Airpark.In addition to a listing of SYSTEM THAT SERVES ALL proposed improvement projects, the Master Plan PF 13 SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY. identifies estimated costs and general time frames (short-term, long-term, etc.) for installation of the improvements. Policies to achieve this goal are to: PF13A. Establish the following threshold for transit G 0 A L PROVIDE CONVENIENT AIRPORT related facilities: SERVICES FOR THE COMMUNITY WITH MINIMAL ADVERSE ► Work to balance required fare box ratios PF 14 IMPACTS. with the desire to reduce headways on momm principal routes to one-half hour to encourage ridership. Policies to achieve this goal are to: PF13B. Complete all planned phases of the City's PF14A. Implement the Airport Master Plan and central intermodal transfer facility. Comprehensive Land Use Plans adopted for Encourage relocation of the existing the Redding Municipal Airport and Benton Greyhound Terminal to the RABA site. Airpark. Periodically update these documents as appropriate. PF13C. Establish secondary transfer facilities at strategic locations throughout the City. PF14B. Continue to upgrade passenger aviation facilities, as funding becomes available,and PF13D. Pursue the establishment of Park-n-Ride pursue expansion of passenger aviation facilities as appropriate throughout the services. community. These activities may include delineation of such facilities within under- PF14C. Identify and pursue the acquisition of utilized parking lots. additional land area determined necessary for the protection of existing airport PF13E. Consider utilizing impact fees to finance operations or anticipated future expansion transit facilities and services. of airport facilities. 12 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 PF14D. Develop strategies to generate ongoing ► Program park development to attain funding for general airport operations and a and maintain a ratio of 10 acres of reserve which can be used to meet the developed parkland for each matching fund requirements of grant 1,000 residents of the City as defined in funding sources. the Recreation Element. RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL PF15B. Work with developers to provide public and FACILITIES private parks and open space (as appropriate) in new neighborhoods. Recreation facilities consisting of public parks and special use facilities, as well as cultural amenities such PF15C. Program the development of a regional as a civic auditoriums and libraries, are essential sports complex as the next "community features which contribute to the overall quality of life park" facility to be constructed. within a community. The City of Redding and other public/private groups and individuals have made a PF15D. Pursue renovation of "The Plunge" and commitment to providing and enhancing the quality reestablish use of the facility as a and availability of these facilities to meet the needs of community swimming pool. City's residents and attract visitors to the region. PF15E. Develop a funding mechanism to cover the PARKS cost of maintaining future parks and recreational facilities on an on-going basis. Redding's parks and improved open space areas are LARGE AND SMALL COMMUNITY CENTERS one of the most visible and valued public amenities provided by the City. Due to the importance of park Another important component of the quality of life in and recreation facilities, Redding's General Plan a community is provided by indoor recreation facilities contains a Recreation Element to specifically address such as large and small community centers. These those facilities and programs. The Element identifies facilities can be designed to provide recreational various types of parks and parkland, as well as opportunities for specific segments of the community suggested sizes for specific park types. The such as teens or seniors. They can also function as recommended acreage of parkland per 1,000 multi-purpose centers with very diverse users. These population is 10 acres. The Element also suggests that facilities may be "stand alone", but are often at least one Community Park, 40 acres in size or constructed within a community park facility. greater, be provided in each quadrant of the City. In • order to maximize efficiencies and reduce maintenance PROVIDE COMMUNITY costs,it is recommended that parks be collocated with G 0 A L CENTERS THROUGHOUT THE schools whenever possible. Strategies which COMMUNITY TO MEET THE encourage private sector development of park facilities INDOOR RECREATION NEEDS and improved open space are also included. PF 16 OF A VARIETY OF USERS. MAINTAIN A PUBLIC PARK G 0 A L AND RECREATION SYSTEM Policies to achieve this goal are to: SUITED TO THE NEEDS OF REDDING RESIDENTS AND PF16A. Distribute community center development PF 15 VISITORS. equitably throughout the City based upon mimm population densities and the demographic characteristics of the majority of nearby Policies to achieve this goal are to: residents (i.e., families, the elderly, etc.) in PF15A. Establish the following threshold for park the anticipated service area. facilities: October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 13 REDDING CONVENTION CENTER PF17C. If a viable site is identified and preliminary negotiations with landowners are successful, The Redding Convention Center is a multipurpose pursue funding and development of new off- building situated in a park-like setting near the site convention facilities. Sacramento River just off Highway 299 West. The 39,000 square foot multi-level building is designed to PF17D. If construction of off-site convention serve as an auditorium,convention center and exhibit facilities is determined infeasible, pursue hall. Moveable walls and seating are used throughout funding for the expansion and upgrading of to provide adaptability to a variety of uses. The existing convention center facilities to Redding Convention and Visitors Bureau was ensure that Redding remains a major established in 1977 to help bolster the convention competitor within the West Coast market. business for the City and increase its popularity as a tourist "destination." As a result, Redding is now a DOWNTOWN IMPROVEMENTS major competitor in the West Coast convention market, competing with cities such as Sacramento, Downtown Redding has historically been the Fresno, Stockton, Bakersfield, Riverside, Anaheim, commercial and cultural core of the City. Although Concord and Santa Rosa. the prominence of Downtown as a retail center declined after Interstate 5 was constructed and new A 1997 study completed by Coopers &Lybrand has shopping center development occurred in other indicated that in comparison to its primary portions of the City,it is important that investment in competitors, the Redding Convention Center ranks Downtown Redding continue to support its visual and relatively low in terms of dedicated and total functional role as the cultural heart of the community. exhibit/multi-purpose meeting and banquet space. Downtown Redding has a distinct character which can Based on a survey of regional and state association be perpetuated and enhanced through a number of meeting planners and local organization mechanisms. In order to be successful,unique features representatives,it is estimated that if additional space such as a large public gathering space,streetscape and recommendations are implemented, average annual pedestrian amenities,and public parking facilities need event levels could increase from 21 to 34 events. to be provided. Locating expanded facilities closer to existing hotel/motel accommodations in the Hilltop Drive area PROVIDE FACILITIES AND where infrastructure is already in place and access to GOAL AMENITIES THAT ENHANCE overnight lodging facilities is improved, could be a THE UNIQUE CHARACTER OF preferred option to expanding the existing Convention DOWNTOWN REDDING AND • Center or developing a new undeveloped site. PF 18 SUPPORT ITS ROLE AS THE HEART OF THE COMMUNITY. ENSURE THAT CONVENTION G 0 A LCENTER FACILITIES CONTINUE Policies to achieve this goal are to: TO MEET THE NEEDS OF REDDING RESIDENTS AND PF18A. Establish the following thresholds for PF 17 VISITORS. Downtown facilities: ► Program the development of a public Policies to achieve this goal are to: parking structures) in Downtown Redding when existing on-street and PF17A. Continue to explore on-site and off-site off-street parking facilities reach options for expansion of convention center 85 percent of capacity during regular facilities. business hours (8AM to 5PM) on an ongoing basis. PF17B. Identify a variety of sites that could accommodate proposed facility development and pursue negotiations with landowners. 14 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 PF18B. Pursue the acquisition and construction of FUNDING a major public gathering space of at least 60,000 square feet in a prominent location One of the most important aspects of facilities and in Downtown Redding. The space shall be services planning is to determine the total anticipated designed as a public square with benches, costs of the desired facilities and services,and identify landscape areas, and fountains/public art. appropriate funding sources for initial construction and long-term maintenance. The following sections PF18C. Program necessary storm-drainage describe existing funding sources utilized by the City improvements needed for the Downtown and general guidelines for future facility and services area. financing. PF18D. Identify potential locations for public OVERVIEW OF CURRENT FUNDING parking facilities and pursue the acquisition MECHANISMS of land as sites become available. Redding finances many of its services and the PF18E. Implement the adopted Specific Plan for construction of some public facilities by various Downtown Redding. methods of cash payment. One of the most well LIBRARIES known sources of cash funding is the City's General Fund. General Fund revenues come from property taxes,sales and use taxes,intergovernmental revenues, Library services within the Planning Area are provided fees, use of property and money, and other smaller by Shasta County. The Main Branch of the library is sources. The bulk of General Fund expenditures are located in downtown Redding at 1855 Shasta Street. devoted to public safety, which includes police, fire Due to funding constraints,the hours of operation for and animal control. The remaining expenditures are library facilities have decreased substantially over the divided among general government, public works, past several years.The City of Redding provides some development services, and recreation. Most General financial assistance for the library. However,the City Fund expenditures are for employee salaries,vehicles, does not anticipate that it will become a direct equipment, and general operations. The General provider of library services and facilities. Fund also contributes to the costs associated with various public facilities, particularly maintenance. GOAL ADVOCATE ADEQUATE However, more of those types of expenses are now LIBRARY SERVICES TO MEET being met by Enterprise Funds and Special Revenue THE NEEDS OF CURRENT AND Funds. PF 19 FUTURE PATRONS. Enterprise Funds are accounts that are self-supporting through user fees. These fees are used for Policies to achieve this goal are to: improvements and to pay debt service on borrowed funds. There are also one-time "hook-up" fees for PF19A. Promote the construction of new libraries or water and sewer service. The City has established the expansion of existing facilities as Enterprise Funds to pay for operations and capital development costs associated with electric utilities, required to meet the needs of the community. water utilities, wastewater utilities, solid waste operations and the storm drainage system. Enterprise PF19B. Work with Shasta County to explore Funds have also been created for Redding's airport options for maintaining/increasing the system, the Redding Area Bus Authority and the number of hours that library facilities are Redding Convention Center. available to the public. Special Revenue Funds are established to account for PF 19C. Encourage the provision of library outreach the proceeds of legally mandated programs or resources services for residents who are unable to visit restricted to a special purpose. Sources for these funds library facilities. include parking-related revenues, Community October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 15 Development Block Grant money, development the vicinity of the Redding Municipal Airport, the impact fees, housing subsidies and transfers from Market Street area in Downtown Redding, and the special purpose State funds. The City currently Canby-Hilltop-Cypress area in eastern Redding. maintains six Special Funds. These include: Parking, Bonds sold for redevelopment in the Market Street Street Maintenance, Community Development, and Canby-Hilltop-Cypress areas have financed Special Development, Housing and General. projects such as parking structures, freeway access ramps, and waterline and drainage improvements. A Although cash funds are used to pay for some projects, fourth area is currently under consideration in north most of the City's capital improvements are financed Redding. If approved, it would be known as the with borrowed money using four basic methods. One Buckeye redevelopment area. method is the sale of general obligation bonds. These bonds are paid off via a secondary property tax levied Private developers also make significant contributions on all properties in the City. General obligation bonds toward the construction of public facilities. When typically fund improvements to parks, libraries, developers construct their projects, they are required schools, police and fire stations, flood control and to install street improvements along the frontage of the some street projects. property and pay fees to help finance citywide facility improvements. Developers dedicate rights-of-way for A second method is the sale of Revenue Bonds. These public streets and utilities, and sometimes land for funds come from a known income stream,such as user parks and schools. They provide street, sidewalk and fees or gasoline tax. This method is typically used to landscaping improvements. They also pay water, finance major street, water, sewer, and electric sewer and school fees to help finance facility improvements. expansions. Additionally,residential developers pay a fee to help finance land acquisitions and construction A third method is the formation of a community of public park facilities. The extent of public facility facilities district. The Mello-Roos Community contributions by developers is generally determined by Facilities Act,enacted in 1982,permits cities,counties set guidelines and ordinances. On occasion, these and special districts to form community facilities contributions are arrived at through detailed districts over specifically defined areas within their negotiations on a case-by-case basis. jurisdictions. These districts, more widely known as "Mello-Roos districts", are special financing entities All major publicly funded facility improvements are through which a local government is empowered to programmed and allocated funds through the City's levy special taxes and issue bonds authorized by two- Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The size of the thirds of the qualified voters of the district. In the CIP fluctuates from year to year, depending on the • past,Mello-Roos districts have provided a viable way improvements needed and the amount of money for the City to fund public facilities and certain available to pay for projects. Very little General Fund services. In addition, City policy has historically money is used for CIP projects. required the formation of a Mello-Roos district within a proposed annexation area to make up for property The City faces a variety of limitations that govern the tax revenues foregone by the City to receive consent funding of capital projects. The State of California for the annexation from Shasta County. places constitutional limits on the City concerning enhancement of revenues. Proposition 13, a A fourth method is redevelopment. Redevelopment constitutional amendment passed in 1978, limits the areas within a city are identified on the basis of need increase of property tax to 2 percent per year,although and prevalence of blighted conditions. Bonds are property may be reassessed when sold. More recently, issued to finance public improvement projects Proposition 218 requires that special assessments and intended to counteract the blight. These bonds are any future increases in those assessments receive voter paid off by the anticipated increase in property tax approval by at least two-thirds of the affected property revenues resulting from increased property values in owners. The voters' authorization for bonds is also redeveloped areas. The City has adopted three followed by several other checks and balances that redevelopment areas:the Shastec redevelopment area, control the expenditure of funds in the CIP. Because a joint project with Shasta County and Anderson, in of these constraints,the City needs to continually look 16 City of Redding 2000-2020 General Plan October 3,2000 for innovative ways to fund facilities and services. In wastewater treatment, storm drainage, order to meet these challenges, the development of transit, and electric facilities. additional public/private partnerships is likely to be explored, as well as the privatization of some services. PF20C. Where appropriate, distribute the responsibility to pay for new public facilities toomm ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN between existing and future development GOAL ADOPTED FACILITY AND based on their respective demands on the SERVICE STANDARDS system. THROUGH THE USE OF PF20 EQUITABLE FUNDING PF20D. Identify and pursue alternative funding METHODS AND INNOVATIVE sources that can be used for: capital STRATEGIES. improvement project construction, staffing and ongoing maintenance of public Policies to achieve this goal are to: improvements. Expand the search for grant funding. PF20A. Determine the demand for new public facilities created by new development as PF20E. Require the preparation of a fiscal impact compared to the demand for new facilities analysis for all specific plans or significant created by the community as a whole. general plan land use amendments and Based on the results, determine the "fair annexations. The analysis will examine the share"of the financial contributions that are fiscal impacts on the City and other service appropriate for both the community at large providers that result from large scale and new development. development. The fiscal analysis shall project a positive fiscal impact form new PF20B. Prepare an updated impact fee ordinance development or include mechanisms to that requires new development to pay its fund projected fiscal deficits. Exceptions "fair share" of the cost to build needed may be made when new development public facility improvements. Facilities to generates significant public benefits be considered include, but are not limited (e.g., low-income housing, primary-wage- to: public safety, parks, streets and earner employment) and when alternative intersections, water treatment and sources of funding can be obtained to offset distribution, sewage collection and fore gone revenues. October 3,2000 Public Facilities and Services Element 17 11 Ele ent e, 5 dLd M>D„""`. 'n.:y�t.rvrv; v-, r v.� '- °. ,e, `fit., ��`w, txp�nX wxn, r.rYs a snn.�8✓`%.✓<-A` R'#'v'°a" %3^a p?",�a.r"NY2.�f P.17'o,' : _SID'�/4'fi*ra3„ Y'Rke�RssvF.w d$°.,?�,E.'?�,,,., ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The preparation of this element was made possible by a grant from the Shasta County Regional Transportation Agency and Air Quality Management District. The grant funds originated from a countywide motor vehicle registration fee authorized by AB 2766. The fees can only be used to fund programs and projects that will reduce air emissions from motor vehicles directly or indirectly. Work on the draft element began in April 1993 with the formation of an advisory committee authorized by the City Council and appointed by Mayor Carl Arness. The Mayor's charge to each committee member set the stage for what was to be several months of meetings and rewrites of the draft document. In brief, the Mayor's charge was: ". . .to study the past and present trends,imagine the future,and propose a policy that will maintain our air quality. All of this must be done without sacrificing jobs,and I encourage you to focus on air quality planning as an opportunity to attract industry by touting the quality of life and air quality we enjoy and plan on protecting. As you approach your charge,please keep in mind that planning means little unless the implementation measures are effective, affordable, and equitable. A strong economy that features clean air and good planning is no small challenge and will be a formidable political challenge for members of the City Council, unless there is a reasonably shared community consensus regarding issues, solutions, and an ultimate vision of the future. Whatever policy and shared vision is developed,it must not jeopardize State and Federal funds for local transportation projects which are keyed to government mandates for improved air quality. Based on the diverse interests and talents of the advisory committee, I feel confident that the draft recommended policy will be the best that we can produce." The following individuals, representing the interests of their affiliated agencies and organizations, accepted this challenge by contributing their time, constructive criticism, and solutions, all of which were sprinkled with many compromises: Advisory Committee Shasta Builders Exchange Citizens at Large Kent Dagg Lou Gerard Greater Redding Chamber of Commerce Shasta County Board of Realtors Tom Semingson, Frank Strazzarino,Jr., Marie Whitacre Michael Green Sierra Club American Association of University Women Kelly Clark, Vi Klasseen Susan Turner,Judy Ceragioli League of Women Voters Shasta Business Council Ruth Wingate Lance Fredricksen Tourism and Convention Commission Sacramento River Council Commissioner Warren Lane Tryg Slettland,John Carr Staff of Reviewing Agencies Shasta County Shasta County Regional Transportation Jim Cook, Deputy Planning Director Planning Agency Dick Curry,John Stokes City of Anderson Tom Hart, Planning Director Caltrans Jerry Severson City of Shasta Lake Joe Hunter, Planning Director Redding Convention and Visitors Bureau John Gorman Redding Area Bus Authority Ray Duryee Redding Housing Authority Larry Morgon, Sarah Haddox Redding Public Works Department Doug Will, Don Curtis Economic Development Corporation Jim Zauher Air Quality Management District Mike Kussow Shasta County Department of Resource Management Russ Mull Redding Planning Department Jim King, Project Coordinator Judy Huskey,Joy Gaskey, Secretaries ii AIR QUALITY PLANNING ELEMENT OF THE REDDING GENERAL PLAN I. INTRODUCTION According to the Air Resources Field Research Office in North Carolina, the Sacramento Valley Air Basin has the highest air pollution potential in the United States because the area has over 70 air inversion days per year. The air basin,comprising 13 counties,is classified as being in violation of State ambient air quality standards. A violation of any one standard is termed "nonattainment." The limits of the air basin are determined by meteorological conditions, emission transport, and topography. The State Air Resources Board (ARB) has further divided the basin into two planning units called the Northern Sacramento Valley Planning Area and the Broader Sacramento Area. These divisions are based on the degree of pollutant transport from one area of the basin to another and the varying degrees of emissions within each area. The northern area, which affects seven counties including Shasta County, is classified as "moderately" nonattainment for ozone and particulates. The southern area affects six counties and is classified as being a "serious" nonattainment area. The air pollution districts of each planning area have different State- mandated planning restrictions which must collectively reduce locally produced pollutants to levels of attainment for the planning areas. The map on the next page depicts the air basin and planning areas.' On a local level, air quality in the Redding metropolitan area of Shasta County is a reflection of the population growth of the region and the surrounding counties and the fact that Redding is a central place for urban demands including medical,retail,government,education,employment,housing,and transportation. The metropolitan area also draws customers from well beyond adjoining counties because of the outdoor recreational attractions of the North State. It should also be noted that the northern part of the valley is subject to significant ozone transport from the Broader Sacramento Planning Area. These factors, coupled with the region's climate, topography, and vast hydrocarbon-rich forest, have caused the air quality of the metropolitan area to become "moderately"polluted with ozone (smog) and particulates (dust and smoke). The "moderate" pollution standard is based on health criteria established by the California Clean Air Act. If nothing is done to decrease pollution levels, then the region will be subject to expensive and punitive mandates of the Federal Clean Air Act including the denial of Federal grants and highway funds for transportation, transit, and sewerage projects. The primary source of ozone pollution is vehicles which account for about 70 percent of the emissions. The remaining 30 percent is due to stationary land-use sources. Another significant County pollutant is particulates. The use of wood heating devices, open burning practices, and road dust all contribute to high particulate levels, especially in the winter months. Based on this, it makes sense to integrate air quality planning from the perspective of the Circulation and Land Use Elements of the City's General Plan. A. PURPOSE AND SUMMARY OF AIR QUALITY ELEMENT GOALS This element provides a program to control or reduce emissions associated with new and modified indirect sources of air pollution. Indirect sources include employment sites,shopping centers,sports facilities,housing developments, airports, places of business, etc. 'The lower thresholds adopted by amendment to the Clean Air Act for ozone has resulted in a recommendation by the Environmental Protection Agency to designate Shasta County nonattainment for ozone. 1 An indirect source control program or rule incorporates strategies to reduce emissions including goals, policies, standards, and implementation measures related to land use and traffic circulation. This policy is intended as part of a comprehensive emissions reduction program which has a goal of achieving air quality attainment. Methods of implementation must focus on threshold standards of pollution from land use and the application of best available mitigation measures (BAMMs) to reduce emissions. In a larger sense, this air quality policy is part of the regional strategy for improving air quality in the northern Sacramento Valley planning area,which includes seven counties. While air quality is often regarded as a regional problem,local land-use and growth decisions by the Cities of Anderson, Shasta Lake, and Redding and the unincorporated area of the County will profoundly affect the success of whatever technology is available regionally to combat air pollution with this in mind: It is the purpose of this air quality policy to protect the health and welfare of our residents,businesses, and industries by promoting development that is compatible with air quality standards of the policy and the County's AQAP. This is to be accomplished by the goals, policies, and implementation strategies of Chapter VI, which are summarized below: 0. Applying transportation control measures (TCMs) and BAMMs through planning to augment the rules of the County's AQAP which are aimed at substantially reducing growth in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and vehicles trips as required by the California Clean Air Act. ► Ensuring that Federal and State entitlement funds and grants for local transportation projects will not be lost, which could happen if the air quality declines to the point where the region becomes nonattainment under the Federal Clean Air Act, and ensuring that industries of the County are not unnecessarily forced to install expensive retrofit equipment to reduce emissions. ► Providing the planning process with necessary guidance to review proposed projects relative to stationary indirect sources of air pollution and guidance in applying mitigation measures to reduce the pollution. • Planning for advancements in transportation technology so that land use and the transportation systems can more easily adapt to the technology. ► Supporting a communitywide program of the Air Pollution Control District aimed at educating developers and the citizenry regarding the need to modify our behavior in order to improve the air quality. 0. Focusing community attention on the need to create a vision of what the metropolitan area should be and look like in the next 45 years relative to air quality, transportation, and land-use patterns. ► The specific standards for measuring the success of the element may be summarized as follows: 1. Strive to achieve 5 percent reduction in emissions per year for NO.and PM 10 averaged over a three- year period. 2. Substantially reduce rate of increase in passenger vehicle trips and miles per trip. 3. Achieve State ozone standards to avoid being reclassified to a"serious"category of nonattainment. 2 4. Avoid mandate of applying emission devices to new sources based on an emissions output of 10 lbs/day. The current standard is 25 lbs/day. 5. Avoid application of expensive retrofit emission technology to existing industries and businesses. 6. Avoid requirement of reducing countywide vehicle miles traveled. 7. Avoid Federal sanctions by being classified as nonattainment under the Federal Clean Air Act. 8. Avoid Federal requirement for emission offsets for new industries. 9. Avoid Federal requirement to achieve a reduction in volatile organic compounds over a six-year period. 10. Avoid the loss of State and Federal transportation funds for local projects. 11. Avoid development moratorium caused by noncompliance with County's Nonattainment Plan and California Clean Air Act. 12. Avoid reduction in tourism and sales tax due to deterioration of our air quality. 13. Maintain community health through improved air quality. 14. Provide a strong basis to justify that the County not be reclassified to a "serious" nonattainment category,even if the County still exceeds State ozone standards. This can be done by demonstrating that the County and its cities have adopted and implemented air quality elements that apply best available mitigations to new projects which reduce vehicle emissions and that continued violation of the State standard is due to ozone transport from Sacramento,which currently is responsible for 90 percent of the days of violation. B. AIR POLLUTION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE There are nine pollutants for which California has established ambient standards. Six of these are also regulated by the Federal government, except that the Federal standards are less restrictive than the State's standard. For Shasta County, the applicable pollutants are ozone (03) and particulates (PM►o)• Ozone Ozone, commonly called smog,is created by a combination of chemical interactions which can concentrate the pollutant low to the ground by the force of inversion or air pressure. Ozone has a slightly pungent, irritating odor. In general, smog may be defined as: Oxides of Nitrogen + Hydrocarbons + Sun = Smog The County's Air Quality District monitors ozone at monitoring stations located in South Redding and in Anderson. Ground-level ozone is distinct from the layer of ozone that is seven or more miles above the earth's surface in the stratosphere and protects the earth from the sun's harmful ultra-violet radiation. Moderate concentrations of ozone can damage materials. For example,it can cause fading in textile materials and will cause rubber products to crack and lose elasticity and strength. 3 Recent clinical studies show that chronic exposure to smog irreversibly reduces lung capacity,lowers stamina, and leaves people more vulnerable to long-term respiratory problems. Smog is especially harmful for children, senior citizens, and those who suffer from heart or lung disease. At high concentrations, ozone causes significant health and environmental problems. It can irritate the respiratory tract; produce impaired lung function such as inability to take a deep breath; and cause throat irritation, chest pain, cough, lung inflammation, and possible susceptibility to lung infection. Smog aggravates existing respiratory conditions like asthma. Smog can reduce the yield of agricultural crops and injure forests and other vegetation. Ozone is the most injurious pollutant to plant life, but oddly enough,plants can assist in the production of ozone through the emission of hydrocarbons which interact with NO),to create smog. The table below illustrates the effects of ozone on selected plants at various concentrations. While Shasta County is not an intense farming region, the table is pertinent because it illustrates the effects of ozone on plant life,which is abundant in the County. For reference purposes, the California standard for ozone is .09 ppm = 176.6 µg/m^3: phm = parts per million; µg/m^3 = micrograms per cubic meter. The Redding Metro area has exceeded ozone concentrations of 200 µg/m^3 on many occasions in the last six years. Shasta County has averaged 0.095 ppm for an 8-hour period during 1997, 1998, and 1999. TABLE 1 POLLUTION EFFECTS OF OZONE ON PLANTS Amount Duration Effect 54 µg/m^3 2 hr 38%leaf damage to some sensitive plants 200 µg/m^3 1 hr minimal visible injury to spinach, radish, oak, and white pine 400 µg/m^3 4 hr 79%leaf injury in pinto bean 560 µg/m^3 4 hr 75%leaf damage to some sensitive plants 700 µg/m^3 2 hr 90%leaf injury in pinto bean Source: Jones &Stokes Assoc. Inc., 1980,Volume I, Basic Ecological Concepts, FWS/OBS-80/45. As noted in the table above, plants have different thresholds of sensitivity to ozone. In general, high and moderately sensitive plants experience visible injury from ozone based on the following concentrations: TABLE 2 HIGH AND MODERATE PLANT SENSITIVITY TO OZONE Exposure Period High Sensitivity (in ppm) Moderate Sensitivity (in ppm) 0.5 hour .25 - .40 4.0 - 5.5 1.0 hour .10 - .25 2.5 - 4.0 2.O hours .07 - .15 1.5 - 2.5 4.0 hours .04 - .10 1.0 - 2.0 8.0 hours .03 - .07 0.7 - 1.5 Source: IBID. 4 California established the health advisory level after medical research showed that ozone posed a health threat at a lower concentration (.09 ppm) than the Federal standard (.12 ppm), especially for children, the elderly, persons with heart or lung disease, and during strenuous exercise. California's ozone standard (9 pphm or.09 ppm) has always been more protective of public health than the Federal standard of 12 pphm (0.12 ppm) or 100 PSI (Pollutant Standards Index). The concentration of ozone in the Redding area (attributed to local sources) has met or exceeded with a reading of 0.13 ppm. The figure below provides some insight into the significance of various levels of pollution based on a standard index. The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) was developed by the Environmental Protection Agency to standardize reporting and to convert air pollution concentrations to a simpler scale. The figure shows how intervals on the PSI scale relate to the potential health effects of ozone at the measured concentrations. FIGURE "A" POLLUTANT STANDARDS INDEX FOR OZONE (PSI scale is a relative number without units) Hazardous over 300 275-Stage II Alert Very (35 parts per hundred million) U n h ea Ithf u l Everyone should remain indoors. 200-299 200-Stage 1 Alert (20 parts per hundred million) General public should avoid strenuous outdoor activities. Unhealthful 0.13 ppm or 13 pphm 101-199 - 138-Health Advisory (15 parts per hundred million) (worst recorded pollution days in Athletes avoid strenuous outdoor activities. Redding) 100-Federal Standard (12 parts per hundred million) 75-State Standard (9 parts per hundred million) Sensitive persons should reduce strenuous outdoor activities. Normal ozone limit of dry air is 0 to 6 pphm. Particulates (PMio) Suspended particulate matter 10 micrometers (millionths of a meter)or less in diameter is referred to as PM10, which consists of a mixture of manmade and natural substances including wood smoke, dust from unpaved roads,construction, and agricultural activities. It comes from a variety of residential,industrial,and mobile sources and may be emitted directly or formed in the air by transformations of gasses. These tiny particles are a potential cause of significant health effects since they can more easily bypass the respiratory tract's natural filtering system and can lodge deep in the lungs. The microscopic particles can affect breathing and respiratory symptoms,causing increased respiratory disease and lung damage and possibly premature death. Children,the elderly,and people suffering from heart or lung disease (like asthma) are especially at risk. The particles also damage paint, soil clothing, and reduce visibility. 5 Federal standard for PM10 is 150 micrograms/cubic meter;the State standard is 50 micrograms/cubic meter. For the Redding area,concentrations of PM10 have been as high as 85 micrograms/cubic meter. These concentrations were attributed to wood smoke from home heating and agricultural burning. C. URBANIZATION, WEATHER, AND AIR QUALITY The foregoing discussion focused on the effects of ozone and particulates because Shasta County exceeds the State's threshold standards of these pollutants. In reality, the effects of air pollution on the County ought to include all categories of pollution, even those for which the State and Federal governments do not have standards. The idea is to develop programs to reduce emissions and threshold violations while ensuring that other pollutants do not exceed threshold levels. If the rate of emissions remains the same for the County relative to the rate of growth, the County will eventually violate all pollutant thresholds of the State and Federal governments. This is because urbanization can increase the volume and concentration of emissions. The table below emphasizes how urbanization can affect weather and increase pollution,urban temperatures, etc. TABLE 3 WEATHER CHANGES CAUSED BY INTENSE URBANIZATION Average Changes Expressed as Percent or Magnitude of Rural Conditions Weather &Climate Elements Annual Cold Season Warm Season Contaminants (Volume) +1000% +2000% +500% Solar Radiation (Langleys) -22% -34% -20% Temperature (°F) +2° +4° +1° Humidity (Relative) -6% -2% -8% Visibility (Frequency) -26% -34% -17% Fog (Frequency) +60% +100% +30% Wind Speed (mph) -25% -20% -30% Cloudiness (Frequency) +8% +5% +10% Rainfall (Amount) +14% +13% +15% Snowfall (Amount) ±10% ±.10% --- Thunderstorms (Frequency) +16% +5% +29% Source: Urban-Industrial Effects on Clouds and Precipitation, Utah State University,Logan,UT, 1973,p 135. Generalized direct and indirect effects of urbanization are outlined below: ► Effects on meteorology: 1. Visibility 2. Cloud/haze/fog formation 3. Urban heat islands ► Effects on materials: 1. Corrosion, pitting, and chemical disintegration 2. Discoloration and fading 3. Embrittlement, cracking, and reduced tensile strength 6 ► Effects on plants: 1. Growth and yield reductions 2. Tissue damage 3. Increased sensitivity to pathogens 4. Altered susceptibility to environmental stresses ► Effects on fish, wildlife, and domestic animals: 1. Direct toxicity and metabolic disruptions 2. Respiratory problems 3. Increased susceptibility to disease 4. Reproductive disruptions or failure 5. Behavioral changes ► Effects on ecosystems: 1. Changes in vegetation composition 2. Changes in fish or wildlife abundance 3. Changes in successional patterns 4. Changes in microclimates and geophysical processes 5. Changes in soil or water chemistry 6. Changes in litter decomposition rates or products 7. Changes in productivity, energy flow, and nutrient cycling ► Effects on human health: 1. Respiratory problems 2. Eye irritation 3. Increased susceptibility to bacterial or viral infections 4. Direct toxicity and metabolic problems 5. Carcinogenic effects 6. Reproductive problems ► Economic Effects: 1. Require industry to retrofit equipment 2. Influence on technological change 3. Creation of the air pollution control industry 4. Influence on site selection and site design for development projects 5. Unmitigated impacts will cause the City/County to lose State and Federal funding for transportation projects. 7 II. STATUTORY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AND MANDATED REQUIREMENTS California began setting air quality standards in 1969 under the provisions of the Mulford-Carrell Act. With the passage of amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1970, the Federal government began adopting such standards for the entire country. As stated by former President Bush, the promise of the 1990 Federal Clean Air Act is "Every American expects and deserves to breathe clean air. . ." Air quality standards define the levels of various types of air pollutants that may not be exceeded for certain periods of time in defined areas. There are State and Federal ambient air quality standards for ozone,carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, PM10, and lead. If standards are met, eye and throat irritation—and more serious health effects—are not expected to appear among even the most sensitive members of the public. Table 4 provides a comparison of State and Federal standards. TABLE 4 FEDERAL AND STATE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Pollutant Averaging California Standard National Standards Time Ozone 1-Hour 0.09 ppm 0.12 ppm (180µg/m3) (235 µg/m3) 8-Hour n/a 0.08 ppm* Carbon 8-Hour 9.0 ppm 9.0 ppm Monoxide (10 mg/m3) (10 mg/m3) 1-Hour 20 ppm 35 ppm (23 mg/m3) (40 Rim') Nitrogen Annual n/a 0.053 ppm Dioxide (100µg/m3) 1-Hour 0.25 ppm n/a (470µg/m3) Sulfur Dioxide Annual n/a 80µg/m3 (0.03 ppm) 24-Hour 0.04 ppm 365 µg/m3 (105µg/m3) (0.14 ppm) 1-Hour 0.25 ppm n/a (655 µg/m3) Particulate Matter- Annual Arithmetic n/a 15 µg/m3 Fine (PM2.5) Mean 24-Hour n/a 65 µg/m3 Suspended Annual n/a 50µg/m3 Particulate Arithmetic Matter (PM,o) Mean Annual 30µg/m3 n/a Geometric mean 24-Hour 50µg/m3 150µg/m3 Notes: Rpm = parts per million mg/m = milligrams per cubic meter µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter * Proposed Federal standard under legal challenge Source: U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,CARB. 8 A. STATE-MANDATED REQUIREMENTS The ambient air quality standards of the foregoing section for the California Clean Air Act must be achieved through a variety of actions by local governments. The scope of this air quality policy focuses on two of many requirements of the County's Air Quality Attainment Plan (AQAP) as discussed below. To assist local governments in meeting ambient air quality standards, the California Clean Air Act of 1988 gave regional air quality management districts new authority to design, adopt, implement, and enforce comprehensive plans for attaining and maintaining both the Federal and the more stringent State air quality standards by the earliest practical date. Among its provisions, the California Clean Air Act provides air quality management districts with the authority to establish controls on mobile and stationary sources of pollution. Each nonattainment district is required to adopt an attainment plan with rules to achieve attainment. For the Northern Sacramento Valley planning area of the air basin, the plans for each of the six counties, including Shasta County, are basically the same and require each district to adopt transportation control measures (TCMs) and an indirect source control program. The 1988 Clean Air Act requires that the County's air quality district adopt a program or air quality attainment plan that will strive to achieve a 5 percent reduction in emissions per year for each nonattainment pollutant averaged every consecutive three-year period. The second mandated requirement occurred as the result of a 1992 amendment to the Clean Air Act (AB 2783,Sher). The amendment requires areas with moderate air pollution that contain an urbanized area of 50,000 people or more to"substantially reduce the rate of increase in passenger vehicle trips and miles traveled per trip"by the earliest practicable date [H&SC 40918(c)]. The State Air Resources Board(ARB) has interpreted this requirement to mean having TCMs sufficient to hold the growth in vehicle miles traveled equal to the population growth rate. In the 1980s, Shasta County averaged annual growth rates of 5.5 percent for vehicle miles traveled (VMT) (Caltrans). Recent VMT trends indicate that growth in VMT is slowing down,which is probably due to the recession; however, TCMs are still needed to achieve ambient air quality standards. This requirement is only applicable to the urbanized area of the County,but may be expanded to include the whole County or district later on if standards are not met. For now, the severity of the TCMs necessary to meet this requirement are left to the discretion of the air district, although the State does have performance standards. The table following this section provides a summary of the various required actions based on the severity of nonattainment. For purpose of this policy, only the required actions dealing with transportation control measures and indirect source control programs will be addressed with the understanding that the other measures are being addressed on a regional level by enforcement actions of the Air Pollution Control District (APCD) based on the County's AQAP. Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan (AQAP) The goal of the plan is to achieve the State's ambient air quality standard for ozone at the earliest possible date. The plan details sources and levels of emissions and provides for control measures in accordance with the 1994 State Implementation Plan and California Clean Air Act. 9 TABLE 5 CALIFORNIA CLEAN AIR ACT SUMMARY MAJOR PLANNING REQUIREMENTS Ozone Classification Moderate Serious Severe Extreme .09-.12 ppm .13-.15 ppm .16-.20 ppm .20 ppm Mandated Date to Achieve Attainment 1997 1997 1997 1997 MANDATED ACTIONS: Attainment Demonstration Air quality plans must demonstrate attainment of the State standards by the earliest practicable date X X X X Transportation Control Measures ► TCMs required in urbanized areas with populations of Z 50,000 to substantially reduce growth in X X X X VMT and vehicle trips ► Prescribed average vehicle ridership (AVR) by 1999 and no net increase in vehicle emissions after 1997 if the district contains Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area of z N/A 1.4 AVR 1.5 AVR 1.5 AVR 250,000 population (see note) New Source Review No net increase permitting program for new/modified sources with prescribed levels (tons/year) of emissions 25 tons/year 15 tons/year 10 tons/year All sources ► Best available control technology (BACT) for new sources with 25 lb/day 10 lb/day 10 lb/day 10 lb/day emissions output as prescribed Retrofit Controls (existing stationary sources) ► Reasonably available control technology (RACT) for MODERATE areas (sources > 250 RACT BARCT BARCT BARCT tons/year must apply BARCT) ► Best available retrofit control technology (BARCT) for SERIOUS and ABOVE areas Area and Indirect Source Control Programs (i.e., Air Quality Policy of General Plan) X X X X Note: Shasta County is a "moderate" nonattainment area under the California Clean Air Act. State law [Health and Safety Code Section 40918(g)] requires "bump-up" to a serious classification if ozone levels are not reduced (i.e., no more than three exceedances per year at any monitor). ppm = parts per million VMT = vehicle miles traveled 10 III. EMISSION INVENTORY, OZONE TRANSPORT, AND EMISSION REDUCTION SCHEDULE A. EMISSION INVENTORY (PAST CONDITIONS) The California Clean Air Act (CCAA) requires that nonattainment districts like Shasta County achieve a 5 percent annual reduction in emissions of nonattainment pollutants until the State ambient air quality standards are met. The benchmark for this reduction standard is the 1990 Emission Inventory, which is documented in the district's Air Quality Attainment Plan. The table below summarizes 1990 emissions for Shasta County and indicates that about 59 tons of ROG and 63 tons of NO.were produced each day. During 1993, 1994, 1995,and 1996, the County had 27 days when ozone levels exceeded the State standard of.09 ppm. The Federal standard of.12 ppm was not exceeded. TABLE 7 NORTHERN SACRAMENTO VALLEY AIR BASIN SHASTA COUNTY EMISSIONS Summary of 1990 Emissions by Major Source Category - Tons per Day (TPD) Source Category ROG NQ Stationary Sources Fuel Combustion 2.24 1.63 Waste Burning 1.85 .18 Solvent Use 4.92 0 Petroleum Processes .3 0 Industrial Processes .02 0 Miscellaneous Processes 1.08 0 Total Stationary Sources 10.41 1.81 Mobile Sources On-Road Mobile 42.85 54.33 Other Mobile 5.54 7.35 Total Mobile Sources 48.39 61.68 Total Shasta County 58.8 63.49 Source: Shasta County Air Quality Attainment Plan. An understanding of how ozone is produced in the northern end of the valley is important. Aside from human-produced hydrocarbons, biogenic hydrocarbon emissions are produced by plants. All of these hydrocarbon emissions are available to react with a small amount of NO.to form ozone. With vast forested areas of the north valley, emission reductions of NO. are preferred over reductions in ROG. Table 7 demonstrates that a primary source of emissions (NO.and ROG) is from vehicles. This is why it is critical to reduce the total number of vehicle miles traveled and cold starts, which can be accomplished through land-use planning and development of a multimodal transportation system. For PM10, the County had a total of 13 days in the 1993-1996 time period when the State standard was exceeded. 11 B. OZONE TRANSPORT The California Clean Air Act requires the State to establish mitigation measures for upwind districts commensurate with the degree of contribution to downwind exceedance of State standards. Since the precise degree of transport contribution is not currently known, the State has adopted three qualitative categories of transport. "Overwhelming," "Significant," and "Inconsequential." "Overwhelming" transport refers to the impacts of transported pollutants or precursors (ROG and NOX) which cause the exceedance in the downwind area, (i.e., ozone transport from the Sacramento area to Redding). "Significant" transport refers to the impacts which contribute to the exceedance in the downwind area, (i.e., the exceedance is caused by both upwind and local sources). "Inconsequential" transport refers to the impacts which do not contribute to the exceedance in the downwind area, but are caused by local sources alone. In 1993,the Bay Area/Broader Sacramento Area to Upper Sacramento Valley Transport working group was formed. The purpose of the group was to analyze transport data in an effort to verify the level of transport- caused exceedances. The working group determined that it is evident that there is transport taking place at the surface and aloft. The transport aloft normally affects the northern upper Sacramento Valley, while surface transport normally affects the southern valley, closer to the metropolitan Sacramento area. Based on the analysis, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) recommended that the ozone violations be classified as"Significant" transport at Redding,Williams,Yuba City, and Red Bluff on some days and on other days, "Overwhelming" transport at Yuba City,Willows, Colusa, Redding, Chico, and Red Bluff. The transport classification of"Inconsequential"was recommended to be discontinued. A Shasta County Air Quality Management District- (AQMD) sponsored field study and data analysis indicated that during the 1994, 1995, and 1996 ozone seasons, Shasta County's ozone problems were exacerbated by substantial transport of ozone and ozone precursors from the southern Sacramento Valley. 12 IV. FUTURE OUTLOOK The shape that the metropolitan area of Redding will take in the next two to three decades will have an important impact on the future of our air quality and traffic management. Research indicates that land-use strategies can reduce vehicle trips, vehicle miles traveled, and the number of engine cold starts. A. VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED (VMT) During the past 20 years, total"vehicle miles traveled"have increased twice as fast as the rate of population growth. We are driving more often, longer distances, and we also tend to be driving alone more often. Nationwide,total VMT increased by 82 percent compared to an increase in population of 23 percent between 1969 and 1990. In California,the total annual VMT more than doubled between 1970 and 1990,increasing from 115 billion to over 250 billion miles of travel per year. During the same period of time, the State's population grew by about 51 percent. (Source: State Air Resources Board.) Starting a vehicle that has not been driven for about one hour produces a significant amount of tail-pipe emissions because the catalyst in the catalytic converter is not yet warm enough to fully combust the exhaust gases. These are often referred to as "cold start" emissions. The cold start typically produced more than one-half of the total emissions from a vehicle trip under 20 miles in length and 78 percent of the emissions from a trip of 2 miles or less. Reducing the number of short vehicle trips can thus help reduce emissions from cold starts. (Source: IBID). The following figure indicates the percentage of personal trips in the State that are five miles or less. The location and configuration of land use in part determines the distances people travel to reach employment sites,stores,houses,and other destinations. These factors also influence which mode of transportation they chose—car, vanpool, bus, walking, or bicycling. (Source: IBID). Personal Trips That are Five Miles or Less 80 --z co70 -. /- 0 cno a 50 U L 40 Work Family&Personal School&Social Social,Rec&Other Trip Purpose 13 Total vehicle miles traveled in Shasta County have steadily increased,but at a declining rate. The following figure shows that the biggest increase for the last four years occurred in 1989-90 with a 6.16 percent increase. The declining rate of increase is probably due to the drought and the recession of the 1990s,which affected tourism. According to a 1991 report on Shasta County Transportation Control Measures,VMT in Shasta County is expected to increase by 25 percent by the year 2010. The report further concludes that the State is stringent on road vehicle emission standards, and the attrition of older less efficient vehicles will result in a decrease in the average emissions per VMT. This may produce a decrease of 35 percent in ROG between 1992 and 2010,but NO.emissions are only expected to decrease moderately through the year 2000 when no further technological improvements are expected. (Source: Transportation Control Measures Plan for Shasta County, by Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Santa Barbara, 1991). The State Air Resources Board has suggested that districts categorized as"moderately"polluted with ozone can judge the annual progress toward meeting attainment by reducing the annual growth rate in VMT to 50 percent of the VMT growth in the 1980s. For Shasta County, this means the annual growth in VMT should not exceed 2.8 percent. According to Caltrans, the average rate for VMT over the last three years (1989-92) has been 3.42 percent, which is not within the State's suggested performance standard. Shasta County-Vehicle Miles Traveled on Highway Network (in millions) 1.69% INCREASE 1040 111111111111102111 10201111110r ",� 1111r=1 ' ■ E1000 a 980 ' ' ■ 960 YEAR °' 940 timaiLL,BASE ■ v 920 > 900 1989 1990 1991 1992 Based on traffic computer modeling of the City's General Plan and growth trends, it is forecasted that the overall trip length for commuters will increase in the years 2000 and 2010. This projection assumes that there is significant investment in transportation infrastructure;otherwise,the trip length will increase dramatically. 14 Average Trip Length for Redding 14 YEARS 1990, 2000, & 2010 13.6 ® 1990 13 12 , 2000 12 12. E 2010 -I-Mir 11 - �� 10.5 •i 1.i i• 1 10 10 10 8 0 0 ai 31 z A 11011 HomeToWork HomeToShopping HomeToOther WorkToOther OtherToOther OverallAverage B. AIR QUALITY AND THE COST OF SPRAWL Less costly land prices in fringe areas of most metropolitan areas,including the fringe areas of Redding,have helped to disperse development patterns and reduce overall regional densities. This pattern of growth has generally resulted in longer travel distances and increased reliance on vehicles for personal mobility and decreased air quality. Also, large areas of low-density housing generally cannot justify or support effective levels of transit service. The minimum density threshold for minimal local bus service to residential areas is between four and six dwelling units per acre. At or above seven dwelling units per acre,bus service may be improved to one-half hour from one-hour headways if this density is clustered and/or maintained over a large enough area to provide sufficient ridership. Clusters of medium-density residential areas that average 7 to 15 dwelling units per acre can generally support frequent local bus service. If such densities are maintained over a large enough area, with good pedestrian accessibility, then light rail transit service may also become feasible. (Source: The Linkage Between Land Use,Transportation, and Air Quality; State Air Resources Board,June 1993.) All this points to the need for local and regional planning that avoids sprawl. Aside from improved air quality and decreased traffic congestion,the benefits of less sprawl mean less cost to City residents. The degree that the County and the metropolitan area of Redding have fostered dependency on the automobile is illustrated by the following chart on transportation modes. The chart also indicates little investment in land-use and multimodal transportation planning. . 15 Method of Transportation To and From Work for Redding and Shasta County Redding 100 ;85 6 85- Shasta County 80 —7% c 60 — a) CL 40 20 � � - g� 10 / 7.,,,/ 2.3�� 0.906 . 0.90.6 ' 2.8 1.3 1v 0 I I Car Pool Bicycle Other Drive Alone Public Transit Walk Development costs vary with lot sizes, distance to central facilities, proximity to existing development, community demographics,existing service capacity,and the requirements of local codes and standards. Yet, numerous studies dating back to 1955 all point toward a similar conclusion—sprawl is a significant burden on both home buyers and taxpayers. While on-site development costs (sidewalks, sewer laterals) are passed on to buyers by developers as part of the price of the home, sprawl-related costs that are off site (trunk sewers,water mains,schools,fire stations, treatment plants,widening roads) are another story. While the City is charging impact fees to developers for hooking up to community infrastructure,it is frequently the case that the full costs of off-site infrastructure (including ongoing maintenance)go unpaid and,as a result,everybody pays—indirectly. (Source: "The Cost of Sprawl," Pas Memo, American Planning Association, February 1993). For example,when new developments are built far from the water and sewer treatment plants or schools,they create higher incremental or"marginal" costs for adding new sewer collection system capacity or operating school buses. By contrast, the marginal cost of new development closer to existing services or facilities is lower. However,because costs currently are evenly distributed among all users by average-cost pricing,those who live farther away pay proportionately less. As a result,some users subsidize other users. Also,it should be noted that the funding for road maintenance is from gas tax and the City's General Fund and the long- term availability and adequacy of the funds relative to the expansion of the street system cannot be guaranteed. C. FUTURE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION Potential advancements, clean-burning fuels, and electrical vehicles (EVs) hold great promise in meeting emission-reduction requirements, beginning in about 20 years. Other auxiliary potential improvements 16 include compressed natural gas vehicles; electric buses powered by in-road, guide-rail paths; and light-rail (electric) multiple-unit commuter systems. While the electrical car has the greatest potential for addressing air quality issues,its omnipresence on roads and general public acceptance parallel to that of the combustion vehicle is probably many years away. Currently, the cost in electrical vehicles is about $20,000 to$60,000 and the range is about 50 miles (top speed 65 mph) with five to eight hours for a recharge. It is anticipated that EVs could have a range of 150 miles on a single charge by the year 2013. Even if the cost through mass-production is lowered, the infrastructure requirements for nationwide service would have to be in place. In the meantime,EV research is being done on a flywheel as an electro-mechanical device,on EV fuel cells, and on advanced EV batteries. Motorists take for granted the infrastructure that supports the nearly 190 million gasoline-powered cars on the road today. There is a gas station at almost every major commercial intersection;mechanics armed with hi-tech equipment can fix problems; and if they want, owners can change their own oil in the driveway. This sophisticated system did not happen over night. It evolved over many years. It is believed that motorists are not going to abandon their current combustion vehicles and this support system without just cause. The electrical-vehicle operator must have the assurance that the infrastructure to support the operation, maintenance, and servicing of electric vehicles is in place when the transition to electrical vehicles is made. Broadly defined infrastructure for electrical vehicles includes techniques and equipment used to recharge the electric vehicle, service and maintenance training for mechanics, and development of safety protocols for rescue personnel responding to accidents involving electrical vehicles. (Source: "Parking Magazine, The Electrical Car: The Next Transportation Revolution,"July/August 1993). If market forces respond favorably to zero-emission vehicles, then most households in California and Shasta County could have at least one EV for short (day-long) commuter trips totaling 30 to 50 miles by the year 2013, which would solve much of the pollution problem caused by cold combustion engine starts. The problem is that there will be significant traffic gridlock caused by too many combustion vehicles and EVs unless the approach to traffic and land-use planning changes. All of this points to the long-term need to reduce VMTs for any type of vehicle including combustion vehicles and possibly EVs, to reduce the number of cold engine starts, to increase the occupancy of commuter vehicles,and to increase development of multimodal transportation—none of which can occur without proper land-use planning, funding for infrastructure, and public acceptance. 17 V. ISSUES, GOALS, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION A. COMMUNICATION, COOPERATION, AND COORDINATION ISSUE: Am POLLUTION IS A COMPLEX PROBLEM WITH MANY POTENTIAL INEQUITIES. ALL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR SOLVING SOME PORTION OF THE PROBLEM. OFTEN THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF ONE LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT OVERLAP WITH ANOTHER. IN ORDER TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS AND REDUCE POLLUTION EMISSIONS,EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION,COOPERATION, AND COORDINATION ARE VITAL. THE PROBLEM OF COOPERATION IN THE AREAS OF LAND-USE AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IS HAMPERED BY THE CONCERN THAT ADJOINING JURISDICTIONS WILL NOT COMMIT TO MUTUAL RESTRAINTS WHICH MAY RESTRICT LIFESTYLE CHOICES,ECONOMIC GROWTH,AND URBAN EXPANSION. GOAL 1: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION,COOPERATION,AND COORDINATION IN DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL AIR QUALITY PROGRAMS. (Discussion: The environmental assessment process required under the California Environmental Quality Act [CEQA] is by far the most important tool for local government to communicate with other agencies and the public the importance of air quality impacts of development. Strong and consistent application of CEQA can make a significant difference in project level air quality impacts. Each jurisdiction is responsible for ensuring that CEQA is mutually complied with.) OBJECTIVE 1A: TO ACCURATELY DETERMINE AND FAIRLY MITIGATE THE LOCAL AND REGIONAL AIR QUALITY IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECTS. Implementation Strategy: ► The goals and objectives of this element can only be achieved if there is adequate funding for the increased responsibilities of the Planning Department imposed by the California Clean Air Act, congestion management legislation, and the County's Air Quality Attainment Plan. Policy 1 (Air Quality Analysis) The City will require an air quality impact analysis using the recommended methods promulgated by the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) for all projects that are subject to CEQA review and which exceed emissions thresholds established by the AQMD. Implementation Strategy: ► The City will follow the air quality analysis processing procedure illustrated in the flow chart at the conclusion of the element and as discussed in Chapter VII. ► Participate with the AQMD in developing and refining existing countywide emission thresholds and procedures for performing air quality impact analysis. These methods are set forth in Chapter VII of this element. ► To meet emission thresholds of Chapter VII,the following standards shall apply to each proposed project as explained in Section I of Chapter VII: 18 1. lithe proposed use does not exceed Level"A"emission thresholds, then the use must at least reduce emissions by 20 percent by applying BAMM (this standard addresses the need to mitigate the cumulative impacts of individual small projects). 2. If,after applying BAMM,the use still exceeds Level"A"threshold,then the use must at least achieve a minimum emission reduction of 20 percent with BAMM. 3. If, after applying BAMM, the use still exceeds Level "B" threshold, then a minimum of 25 percent of the unmitigated emissions exceeding 137 pounds per day must be offset by reducing emission from existing sources of pollution; otherwise, an EIR is required to fully address air quality impacts, emissions, mitigations, and project alternatives. The EIR must also address the reasons why the emission offsets should be waived based on potential overriding considerations (as permitted) and CEQA. Since Level"B"threshold will probably only be triggered by large General Plan amendments as opposed to development projects, it is important that programmatic mitigations be made part of the amendment so that the cumulative impacts of discretionary and nondiscretionary projects are mitigated. 4. If, after applying BAMM to the proposed project, the calculated emissions still cannot at least achieve a 20 percent reduction of Level"A"threshold and the City has determined that all feasible and best available mitigations have been applied, then the City may adopt a mitigated negative declaration. Policy 2 (Report on Cumulative Air Quality Impacts) • The City Department of Planning and Community Development will submit a report to the Planning Commission for approval which identifies the cumulative transportation and air quality impacts of all General Plan amendments approved during the previous year in the Annual General Plan Status Report. Implementation Strategy: ► Continue to improve the City's traffic model that tracks changes in land use by traffic analysis zone. Work with the AQMD in performing air emissions modeling on the cumulative land-use changes. Policy 3 (Tracking Program for Cumulative Air Quality Impacts) The City will establish an information program for decision makers that tracks the cumulative emissions of all approved projects so there is a relative understanding of the impacts of small and large projects as well as proposed projects. Implementation Strategy: ► Work with the County and the AQMD to establish a uniform tracking program similar to the procedure discussed in Chapter VIII, Section"I." Policy 4 (Uniform Air Quality Assessment Guidelines) The City will support the development, refinement, and use of uniform air quality impact-assessment guidelines that will provide standard criteria for determining significant environmental effects, that will provide a uniform method of calculating project emissions,and that will provide standard mitigation measures to reduce air quality impacts. 19 Implementation Strategy: P. Work with the AQMD and other local planning agencies to implement standards that are uniform throughout the County and possibly our air basin as directed by the Air Pollution Control Board. (Discussion: Coordination and cooperation are embraced by all, but we seldom achieve effective coordination and cooperation in government programs. Competitive and adversarial relationships between agencies have proven counterproductive. Working together for a common interest can multiply the resources available to accomplish air quality goals and preserve Federal and State transportation funds.) OBJECTIVE 1B: TO COORDINATE LOCAL AIR QUALITY PROGRAMS WITH REGIONAL PROGRAMS AND THOSE OF NEIGHBORING JURISDICTIONS. Policy 5 (Uniform Countywide Air Quality Programs) The City will coordinate with other jurisdictions in the County to establish parallel air quality programs, application of CEQA,and implementation measures (trip-reduction ordinances,wood stove ordinance,and indirect source programs, etc.). Implementation Strategy: P. Be involved in the rule development process by designating a City staff representative to work with the AQMD. (Discussion: This policy seeks to promote a level playing field for all jurisdictions in the County. Also,large employers prefer uniform programs so compliance is the same at all employment sites.) Policy 6 (Review Projects in Other Jurisdictions) The City will notify and request comments from neighboring cities and the County and affected agencies during review of General Plan amendments involving two acres or more and other significant discretionary projects which may affect the adjoining jurisdiction. Implementation Strategies: ► Create a positive environment that allows and encourages staff members to keep up with activities in neighboring jurisdictions and regional agencies. This should be accomplished by sending representatives to appropriate meetings, by contacting counterparts in other agencies when developing programs, and most important, by active participation in regional programs. P. The City should develop internal procedures to ensure that all affected jurisdictions and agencies are notified of development proposals in accordance with State law. When another agency notifies the City of a pending project, the City should examine air quality related issues such as the following: 1. Congestion on roads (i.e., levels of service) from increased traffic caused by the project. 2. Projected need for deficiency plans. 3. Effects on the viability of transit and pedestrian-oriented developments (i.e., approval of a low- density development on the same transit corridor could reduce the ability of the transit provider to provide reasonable headway). 4. Failure of the other jurisdiction to require the construction of a segment of a bikeway planned in the Regional Bikeway Plan. 20 5. Proposed circulation amendments that may restrict traffic flow to or from the City or that increase urban sprawl. (Discussion: Transportation planning has emphasized the construction of new roadway capacity to reduce congestion and to meet the needs of development. Air quality legislation now mandates all transportation plans to consider air quality. This new emphasis requires land-use and transportation plans to create patterns of development and transportation infrastructure that reduce the need for new capacity and improves air quality.) Policy 7 (Comprehensive Land Use, Transportation, and Air Quality Planning) The City will continue to integrate land-use, transportation, and air quality planning to make the most efficient use of public resources and to carry out the policies and goals of this element. Implementation Strategy: ► Future amendments to the General Plan Diagram will take into consideration the link between land use and circulation and its potential impacts on air quality. ► The City should establish precise zoning districts for property to reflect the long-term policies of the Air Quality, Circulation, and Land Use Elements and other policies of the General Plan. Policy 8 (Regional and Local Plan Consistency) All City submittal of projects to be included in regional transportation plans (Regional Transportation Improvement Plan [RTIP],County's Congestion Management Plan [CMP], etc.) should be consistent with the goals and policies of this General Plan Element. Implementation Strategy: P. Analyze project submittal for consistency. Examples of inconsistent projects are a road-widening project that does not consider transit, bicycling, and pedestrian needs along the route or an intersection signalization project that does not involve the installation of signal actuators that can be activated by bicyclists or pedestrians. (Discussion: This policy attempts to tie the regional transportation planning process back to the General Plan. The concept behind this policy is that projects funded by the RTIP and CMP process have a profound impact on where development will take place and what its composition will be.) Policy 9 (Transit Planning) The City should consult with transit providers to determine project impacts on long-range transit plans and ensure that impacts are mitigated. Implementation Strategy: ► Consult with transit providers during the CEQA process to determine the impacts of development projects on the transit system and require developers to mitigate those impacts. Policy 10 (Consolidation of Transit Services) The City should continue to support the upgrading and consolidation of transit services within the metropolitan area to maximize the efficiency of transit services while minimizing the costs of transit services. This policy would also apply to small transit providers serving special groups like seniors. Consolidating these services can increase ridership per vehicle and reduce miles traveled. 21 Implementation Strategy: ► Encourage the Regional Transportation Planning Agency to include transit consolidation policies in the Regional Transportation Plan,which also calls for the upgrading of services to include comfortable transit stops,express services,and modem equipment to help increase ridership and reduced air emission from transit vehicles. Policy 11 (Transit and Affordable Housing) The City should work with the Housing Authority, transit providers, and developers to accommodate the construction of low-income housing developments that use transit-oriented and pedestrian-oriented design principles. EDUCATION (Discussion: Without the understanding and support of the general public, employers, and project developers,local air quality programs cannot be expected to achieve the desired results. Programs to educate the public on air quality issues are a vital component of a successful air quality program.) OBJECTIVE 1C: TO HELP THE PUBLIC UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF INDIVIDUAL TRANSPORTATION AND LAND-USE DECISIONS ON AIR QUALITY. Policy 12 (Air Quality Education) The City should support and participate in the air quality education programs of the AQMD. The City should assist in educating developers and the public on the benefits of pedestrian and transit-friendly development. Implementation Strategy: To be formed. Policy 13 (New Transportation Technology) The City should anticipate new technology in transportation so that opportunities are not foreclosed by relying on old technology. Implementation Strategy: The City will monitor advancements in new technology regarding electric vehicles and cleaner burning combustion vehicles to ensure that future land-use and transportation systems can easily interface with the technology when it is available;and where reasonable,the City will pursue the development of joint- venture projects involving new technology. PUBLIC FACILITIES/OPERATIONS (Discussion: City govemment shall, as much as possible, take a leadership role in implementing employer- based, trip-reduction programs and fleet operator programs to reduce its own emissions and to provide a model for the private sector.) OBJECTIVE I D: CITY GOVERNMENT SHALL,AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE, OPERATE ITS FACILITIES TO SERVE AS A MODEL FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN IMPLEMENTING AIR QUALITY PROGRAMS. Policy 14 (Trip-Reduction Programs) The City will,as much as possible,take the lead in implementing innovative employer-based,trip-reduction programs by ensuring that employment contracts negotiated with unions are flexible and allow workers to participate in programs that reduce commute trips. 22 Implementation Strategy: ► Work with AQMD transportation specialist in identifying affordable innovative employee-based, trip- reduction programs. Policy 15 (Replacement of Conventional Fuel Vehicles) The City should adopt a schedule to replace or convert conventional fuel vehicles with alternative fuel vehicles as rapidly as feasible based on available funds. Policy 16 (Teleconferencing and Telework Centers) The City should support the development of a teleconference center for the community and small telecommunication work centers in new development. This can be accomplished by working with the telephone company and other interested public and private agencies, developers, and hotel operators in developing a multi-user teleconferencing center and small telework centers. Implementation Strategy: ► Study committee to be formed provided funding for planning and feasibility studies can be obtained from the AQMD. B. LAND USE, TRANSPORTATION, AND AIR QUALITY ISSUE: MOTOR VEHICLE USE IS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF EXCEEDING STATE OZONE STANDARDS IN MOST OF THE NORTHERN SACRAMENTO VALLEY. THE LAND-USE PATTERN AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DEVELOPED OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS HAS LED TO EVER INCREASING VEHICLE TRIPS AND VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED. NEW WAYS OF DEVELOPING THE LAND AND MEETING OUR MOBILITY NEEDS ARE NECESSARY TO REVERSE THIS TREND AND TO IMPROVE OUR AIR QUALITY. GOAL 2: REDUCE MOTOR VEHICLE TRIPS AND VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED AND INCREASE AVERAGE VEHICLE RIDERSHIP (AVR). (Discussion: Policies in this section are divided into two main categories: land use and transportation infrastructure. Land-use policies show a commitment to design future development in ways that encourage alternative modes of transportation and make the most efficient use of land available for development to reduce trips and miles traveled. Transportation infrastructure policies demonstrate the commitment to design and construct our transportation system in ways that promote the use of alternative transportation modes.) LAND USE: LAND-USE PATTERN (Discussion: The existing land-use pattern in the City's planning area could be more conducive to walking, bicycling, and transit use. This realization is reflected in the policies of this General Plan and the land use configurations of the General Plan Diagram. Redding cannot possibly match the success that cities like Portland, Oregon, and Davis, California, have had with bicycle and pedestrian systems because of lifestyle choices, extreme season temperatures, and topography, but the City can do more than it has. Most office developments have low employment densities and are often isolated from commercial services,causing people to drive to eat lunch or to complete errands. In some areas,high-density residential projects often have little if any commercial development nearby or discourage pedestrian access to commercial uses with land-use barriers,block walls,and cul-de-sac streets. The most common single-family lot size of 6,000 to 10,000 square feet leads to population densities [3.0 to 4.0 units per acre] too low to support frequent and direct transit 23 service. The predominant suburban development patterns force all local trips for shopping, recreation, and school as well as commute trips onto the arterial street system. This leads to ever wider, more congested arterial streets which in turn discourage people from walking even when the destination is just across the street.) Policy 17 (Transit and Pedestrian-Oriented Design Guidelines) The City shall make air quality and mobility prime considerations when reviewing any proposed change to the land-use pattern. Such consideration shall include,as much as possible,increased transit and pedestrian mobility. This step shall be part of the CEQA process and apply reasonable Best Available Mitigation Measures (BAMM) to projects that exceed the significance thresholds promulgated by the Air Quality Management District. (Discussion: A comprehensive transit/pedestrian oriented program achieves air quality benefits by creating an environment conducive to the use of alternative modes of transportation. The California Air Resources Board [CARB] estimates that an overall reduction of 10 to 23 percent in regional vehicle travel can be achieved with a combination of land use, transit, and other mode shift strategies. Mixed-use and higher- density strategies can achieve 20 to 50 percent reduction in site specific travel and 4 to 11 percent regionally [CARB 1990]. The wide range of these estimates is due to a large number of factors that can affect travel mode choice at individual sites. The regional reductions are dependent on the extent of implementation throughout a jurisdiction. In addition,as these strategies are implemented throughout the County,potential reductions in site specific travel also become greater.) Policy 18 (High Density and Transit) The City shall, as much as possible, continue to plan high-density development in areas that can be fitted with a transit system. Implementation Strategy: ► Continue to designate high- and medium-density housing at appropriate sites during General Plan updates and developer-initiated General Plan amendments. ► Encourage developers to take advantage of density bonus provisions of the Zoning Ordinance for projects • located around transit hubs or nodes on existing or planned transit corridors. (Discussion: The Institute of Traffic Engineers [ITE] Trip Generation Manual assigns approximately 40 percent fewer trips to apartments and condominiums than it does for single-family housing. To obtain the greatest trip-reduction potential, high-density housing should be oriented to take advantage of public transportation and commercial services within walking distance. Strategies to increase density must be pursued with caution. Apartment projects adjacent to existing residential development frequently arouse fierce neighborhood opposition. Although traffic generated per dwelling unit is significantly less,the greater number of units may still have adverse traffic impacts. The ability of public facilities to absorb increased demand for services must also be considered.) Policy 19 (Mixed Use—Bicyclists and Pedestrians) The City shall continue to encourage mixed-use developments near employment centers that provide commercial services such as day-care centers, restaurants, banks, and stores. Implementation Strategy: ► Maintain the"Mixed Use Village"overlay within the General Plan,which provides significant incentives for developments that permit bicyclists and pedestrians to safely travel between uses and their homes. 24 Tailor the allowed uses to those best suited for a pedestrian environment and designate mixed-use areas on the land-use plan during General Plan updates. ► Adopt zoning regulations that permit upper story residential uses in neighborhood shopping areas. These upper story uses can include residential and office. Policy 20 (Funding for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Mobility) The City should provide funding opportunities and options for the development of pedestrian and bicyclist corridor construction. Implementation Strategy: ► The City should authorize park development fees to be used to develop pedestrian and bicycle landscape corridors between existing commercial developments. This funding could be augmented by other funding sources. Funding could also come from annual assessment fees provided property owners approve of the formation of a landscape maintenance district pursuant to the 1972 Landscape and Lighting Act or through the use of an "in-lieu" fee system. The corridors could incorporate seating, decorative street furniture and paving material,portable fast-food carts for licensed vendors,newspaper and magazine stands, and some shaded area with drinking fountain and possibly a water fountain incorporated into the landscaping. (Discussion: Nationwide, 38 percent of all vehicle trips are for shopping or personal business and about 60 percent of these trips are between one-half mile and five miles in length. By providing the most frequently needed products and services close to residences and by providing direct, safe, and interesting pedestrian or bicycle routes to the commercial area,travel can be reduced. Surveys conducted in five US cities indicated that 70 percent of people surveyed would be willing to walk or bicycle for some personal business and shopping trips if the trips were reduced to one-half mile in length and bicycle paths and pedestrian walkways were provided [CEC 1992].) Policy 21 (Parking and Multi-modal Transfer Sites) The City will work with the Redding Area Bus Authority in planning multi-modal transfer sites that incorporate auto parking areas,bike parking,transit,pedestrian and bicycle paths,and park and ride pick-up points. Implementation Strategy: Identify locations where transportation systems converge and designate the area as a potential multi-modal transfer site in the General Plan. LAND USE: COMPACT DEVELOPMENT (Discussion: Sprawling, low-density development and discontiguous development discourages the use of alternative transportation modes and increases travel distances. Infrastructure costs and environmental impacts are less when development is more compact.) OBJECTIVE 2A: TO PLAN DEVELOPMENT IN A WAY THAT MAKES THE MOST EFFICIENT USE OF THE LAND AND THEREBY CAUSES THE LEAST POSSIBLE IMPACTS TO THE ENVIRONMENT. Policy 22 (Leap-Frog Development) The City shall continue to encourage compact infill development. 25 Implementation Strategy: Support infill projects by ensuring that leap-frog projects pay the full cost of the extended infrastructure and the pro rata share of the cost of increased capacity of sewer, water, electricity, and circulation. Encourage growth to occur in and around activity centers, transportation nodes, under-utilized infrastructure systems, and redevelopment areas. Policy 23 (Higher Densities) The City shall consider redesignating vacant lands suitable for higher densities and transit/pedestrian-oriented developments during future General Plan updates and periodic reviews. Policy 24 (Single-Family and Mixed-Use Conflicts) The City shall encourage projects within urban areas that will improve the effectiveness of the transit system and will not adversely affect existing single-family development. Implementation Strategy: Encourage commercial uses that are complimentary to urban employment centers and residential areas. Strategically locate high-density development so that it doesn't conflict with single-family uses and so that it provides good transit access. Design pedestrian corridors to serve as buffers between mixed uses. Policy 25 (Sphere of Influence) The City will work with the Local Agency Formation Commission,Cities of Anderson,Shasta Lake,and the County in establishing a hard edge urban limit line for the boundary of the metropolitan area of the County and commitment to providing public services only within the urban areas. Implementation Strategy: ► City shall continue its policy of designating water and sewer service areas that closely correspond to the land-use plan. ► Ensure that long-range infrastructure development plans accommodate growth in the desired areas. • Expand public services incrementally to serve contiguous development and encourage the development of services to serve urban densities as opposed to rural fringe areas of the City. TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE: BICYCLE,PEDESTRIAN,AND TRANSIT (Discussion: The transportation infrastructure developed in the metropolitan area of the County supports the automobile at the expense of other modes of transportation. Placing new emphasis on transit,bicycling, and pedestrian infrastructure can relieve pressure from the traditional roadway system and improve air quality.) Policy 26 (Pedestrian, Bicycle, and Transit Funding) The City should ensure that State and Federal funds earmarked for bicycle and transit improvements are used for those purposes and vigorously pursue funds for new bicycle and transit improvements. Policy 27 (Bus Turnouts and Shelters) As a condition of project approval, the City shall require dedication of land for bus turnouts and shelters at sites deemed appropriate and necessary. 26 Policy 28 (Bikeway and Pedestrian Plan) The City shall ensure that the Regional Bikeway Plan and the City's Comprehensive Bikeway Plan include a comprehensive system of bikeways and pedestrian paths which is planned and constructed in accordance with the adopted plan, based on analysis of existing and future use by the area to be served. Implementation Strategy: To maximize bicycle use, the following policies and actions should be included in street design standards, subdivision ordinances, zoning ordinances, and the Circulation Element of the General Plan: ► The bikeways should be part of a network that connects major destination points within the community. The Sacramento River Trail, along with its planned extension,can serve as the arterial for a network of feeder bikeways and pedestrian trails. ► Provide separate bike paths in areas where motor vehicle speed or volume make on-street bike lanes unsafe or unpleasant to use. ▪ Provide automatic traffic signal actuators embedded in the roadway or provide manual signal actuators where cyclists may reach them without leaving the roadway. • Provide bicycle paths along greenbelts, linear parks, public easements, and drainage reserved as open space. ► Use grant and other funds to provide bicycle and pedestrian bridge crossings for creeks and the Sacramento River. ► Provide adequate paved shoulder on arterials and collectors to keep cyclists and motorists separate. ► The City should require developers to provide bicycle racks or enclosed and locked bicycle storage at major activity centers and office and commercial establishments to serve patrons and employees. 0. Do not allow on-street parking on roadways designated with bike lanes whenever possible. ► Increase bicycle use by requiring projects to include the provision for bike racks or enclosed and locked bicycle storage at major activity centers and office and commercial establishments. ▪ The foregoing provisions shall not be applied to projects if there is no likelihood of need, use, or forecasted use by pedestrians or bicyclists. C. FUGITIVE DUST/PMIo ISSUE: THE LEVELS OF PM10 (DUST) AND VISIBILITY REDUCING PARTICULATES IN THE CITY'S AIR BASIN FREQUENTLY EXCEED STATE STANDARDS. CONTROL EFFORTS FOR SOURCES UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF CITIES AND COUNTIES CAN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THESE EMISSIONS. GOAL 3: REDUCE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE CITY. Policy 29 (Reduce Particulates) The City will require measures to reduce particulate emissions from construction, grading, and demolition to the maximum extent feasible. 27 Policy 30 (Unpaved Roads and Alleys) The City will develop a priority schedule for paving roads and alleys based on availability of funds,grants,and cooperation of adjoining property owners. D. WOODBURNING ISSUE: RESIDENTIAL WOOD BURNING CONTRIBUTES TO WINTER CARBON MONOXIDE AND PM10 EMISSIONS AND EXCEEDING STATE STANDARDS. FIREPLACE AND WOOD STOVE TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTS ARE READILY AVAILABLE THAT CAN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THESE EMISSIONS AT A REASONABLE COST. GOAL 4: MINIMIZE AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM WOOD BURNING FIREPLACES AND APPLIANCES. Policy 31 (Phase 2 Wood Stoves) The City will only allow developers to install low-emitting,Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)certified Phase 2 or more stringent fireplace inserts and/or wood stoves or pellet stoves. Implementation Strategy: Adopt a local ordinance,promulgated by the AQMD,requiring new wood burning appliances to be EPA certified. Participate in a public education campaign. Policy 32 (Green or Wet Wood) The City should encourage the AQMD to annually advertise the importance of burning only seasoned dry wood. Implementation Strategy: ► AQMD should utilize radio billboard advertising seasonally to remind and educate residents of the importance of burning only seasoned dry wood as a means to reduce emissions and to educate consumers about the financial and environmental benefits of replacing their old wood heating devices with Phase 2 stoves and fireplace inserts. This program should be coordinated with local wood stove retailers who benefit from such sales. Policy 33 (Changeout) The City should encourage the AQMD to adopt a countywide rule that requires a changeout for existing wood heating devices at the time of change of property ownership. The rule should be proposed if the County continues to exceed State PMIo standards. The community needs a minimum of two years lead time before this rule takes effect. Implementation Strategy: Work with the AQMD, the Shasta Board of Realtors, and the Builders Exchange in developing such a rule when needed. 28 VI. AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS AND BEST AVAILABLE MITIGATION MEASURES The following guide to mitigating motor vehicle-related impacts for proposed residential, commercial, and industrial projects was prepared by the Shasta County Air Quality Maintenance District (AQMD) as a recommended approach to meeting the goals of the City's Air Quality Element. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) states that a public agency should not approve a project unless feasible alternatives are considered and mitigation measures incorporated that would substantially lessen any significant effects on the environment (unless overriding considerations are made pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15093). If the impacts cannot be mitigated below the significance threshold, they must nevertheless be reduced. CEQA describes various types of mitigation as follows: ► Avoiding impacts altogether by not taking a certain action or part of an action ► Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation ► Rectifying impacts by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the impacted environment ► Reducing or eliminating the impacts over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action ► Compensating for the impacts by replacing or providing substitute resources ► Reduce or eliminate impacts by adopting an environmentally superior alternative. Section 15041 (a) of the State CEQA guidelines states that the lead agency has the authority to require changes in any or all activities involved in a project in order to lessen or avoid significant effects on the environment. The AQMD, as a local responsible CEQA agency, has a duty to recommend mitigation to lessen air quality impacts. In addition to CEQA requirements, mitigation of impacts is necessary to achieve the goals of the City's Air Quality Element and the State's ambient air quality standards. Specifically, all future sources of emissions, including those associated with land development, must be mitigated to the greatest extent possible to achieve ambient air quality standards expeditiously. A. CATEGORIES OF MITIGATION MEASURES The BAMM of this chapter are offered as a guide to stimulate the thinking of developers and the City regarding the need to take advantage of existing and built-in project mitigations which would reduce the need to apply more exotic and expensive emission-reducing mitigations. The AQMD-recommended sample mitigation measures are divided into two categories:Standard Mitigation Measures (SMM) and Best Available Mitigation Measures (BAMM). It should be reiterated that the sample mitigation measures of this chapter are only provided to demonstrate the procedure for applying SMM and BAMM. The AQMD recommends that SMM be applied to all projects regardless of the extent of air quality impacts in order to reduce cumulative impacts. The recommended BAMM or equally effective BAMM of the local agency should be applied as appropriate when a project has an impact on air quality above the specified impact threshold levels. All projects contribute to cumulative air quality impacts and should employ the appropriate SMM at a minimum. (See SMM list below.) Cumulative impacts of projects such as convenience markets,small office developments, residential subdivisions of 100 or less, etc., must be mitigated even where a Negative Declaration is deemed the appropriate environmental document. Not only will this approach reduce overall 29 emissions caused by cumulative impacts,but it will also reduce the likelihood that large projects will need to carry a larger burden of mitigation. Assume for example that several small projects are approved without mitigation. A larger project may subsequently be required to mitigate for cumulative impact regardless of shared responsibility. B. PROJECT ANALYSIS The BAMM apply to any residential,commercial,or industrial project which exceeds the above significance thresholds. Determining the mitigation measures that may apply to a specific project requires first operating the URBEMIS model. This model is a California Air Resources Board approved computer program that is used to quantify emissions resulting from increased automobile traffic from new or modified land uses. The program considers the number of vehicle trips generated, vehicle miles traveled for each type of trip taken, and the associated air emissions. The computer model shall be used by the planning department at the beginning stages of a land-use project when the initial study is conducted to determine the air quality impacts on the environment. More advanced URBEMIS models may be used if approved by the State Air Resources Board and accepted by the AQMD. The defaults of the model shall be modified as noted in the conclusion of this chapter. These defaults shall be used unless other defaults are authorized by the AQMD. (The flow chart at the conclusion of this chapter illustrates the stages of air quality analysis for projects.) Once the impacts have been identified using the URBEMIS computer model, the appropriate level of BAMM are applied to the project. The BAMM are applied at specific threshold levels, which are the same for commercial/industrial and residential levels. The following AQMD's thresholds for analysis and mitigation are consistent with the New Source Review Rule 2:1 which the Air Pollution Control Board adopted to comply with the California Clean Air Act: Threshold for BAMM LEVEL"A" 1. 25 pounds per day of oxides of nitrogen 2. 25 pounds per day of reactive organic gases 3. 80 pounds per day of inhalable particulate matter (PMIo) Threshold for Additional Air Quality Analysis and Mitigation Measures LEVEL"B" 1. 137 pounds per day of oxides of nitrogen 2. 137 pounds per day of reactive organic gases 3. 137 pounds per day of inhalable particulate matter (PK) C. STEPS FOR AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS AND PROJECT MITIGATION 1. Run the URBEMIS computer model prior to or at the time the initial environmental study is conducted to determine the total unmitigated project emissions related to motor vehicle trip generation. 2. If a project has emissions less than the Level "A" threshold noted above, only feasible Standard Mitigation Measures (SMM) are required. 3. If a project has emissions greater than the threshold Level"A"noted above, apply all feasible mitigation measures for construction and/or operation from the lists of recommended Standard Mitigation Measures and appropriate Best Available Mitigation Measures as determined by the City. 4. For large projects to be developed in phases, each phase shall be treated as a separate project in terms of providing emission reduction as noted in Table "I" of this chapter. The requirement for an EIR and offsets is still applicable if all the phases exceed Level "B" threshold. 5. Large,phased projects should receive credit for reduced vehicle emissions based on the regional market they serve; however, the project proponent must submit traffic data that documents the reduced VMT 30 for the regional area relative to the 20-year growth forecast of the area. The forecasted traffic data must consider the growth of the area with and without the project. 6. Only feasible mitigation measures listed and Level"B"of this section shall be applied if project emissions exceed the Level "B" threshold. To determine the degree of emission reduction to be mitigated, the following additional analyses should be completed: a. Calculate emission reductions available from each mitigation measure by multiplying the percent efficiency of each mitigation measure by the total unmitigated project emissions. (Reference Emission Tables for the efficiency of each mitigation measure.) If project-specific efficiency is unknown,use the mid-range value in the efficiency range given in the Table unless justification is provided by the applicant to use a higher efficiency. The Planning Department, in consultation with the AQMD, shall determine the efficiency of each mitigation measure. b. To determine mitigated project emissions,subtract total emission reduction from total unmitigated project emissions. c. If the project's impacts are reduced below the 137 pound per day threshold for oxides of nitrogen and reactive organic gases and/or the 80 pound per day threshold for inhalable particulate matter (PMI()), a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) may be appropriate if other impacts are not anticipated. d. Determine if the project's emissions still exceed the above threshold of significance. e. If the project emissions remain above the 137 pound per day threshold,emission offsets are required. A minimum of 25%of the unmitigated emissions exceeding the 137 pound per day threshold must be offset by reducing emissions from existing sources of air pollution. The Shasta County AQMD should be contacted to determine appropriate offsets. If the project emissions still exceed the above threshold with emission offsets credited,an Environmental Impact Report(EIR)should be prepared, focusing on air quality,traffic impacts,and project alternatives. (See attached sample calculation.) f. If air quality impacts are not significant, then a Negative Declaration may be appropriate if other impacts do not exist. D. RECOMMENDED STANDARD MITIGATION MEASURES (SMM) APPLICABLE TO ALL PROJECTS 1. Provide energy-efficient process systems, such as water heaters, furnaces, and boiler units. 2. Apply nontoxic soil stabilizers according to manufacturer's specification to all inactive construction areas (previously graded areas inactive for ten days or more). 3. Reestablish ground cover on the construction site through seeding and watering prior to final occupancy. 4. All grading operations of a project shall be suspended when winds (as instantaneous gusts) exceed 20 miles per hour as directed by the AQMD. 5. All new wood burning devices shall be EPA Phase II certified. 6. Streets should be designed to maximize pedestrian access to transit stops. 7. Large residential,commercial,and industrial projects should include bus shelters at transit access points. 8. Provide temporary traffic control as appropriate during all phases of construction to improve traffic flow (e.g. flag person). 31 9. Schedule construction activities that affect traffic flow to off-peak hours. 10. Water active construction sites at least twice daily as directed by the Public Works Department. 11. All truck hauling dirt,sand, soil, or other loose materials should be covered or should maintain at least two feet of freeboard (i.e., minimum vertical distance between top of the load and the trailer) in accordance with the requirements of CVC Section 23114. This provision is enforced by local law enforcement agencies. 12. Sweep streets at the end of the day if visible soil materials are carried onto adjacent public paved roads (recommend water sweeper with reclaimed water). 13. Install wheel washers where vehicles enter and exit unpaved roads onto paved roads,or wash off trucks and any equipment leaving the site each trip. Note: Additional mitigations may be obtained from the CEQA Air Quality Handbook prepared by the South Coast Air Quality Management District,Diamond Bar,California (April 1993). Copies are available for review in the Redding Department of Planning and Community Development. E. RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS: RECOMMENDED BEST AVAILABLE MITIGATION MEASURES (BAMM) Level"A"Measures 1. Implement all applicable Standard Mitigation Measures. 2. Contribute to traffic-flow improvements that reduce emissions and are not growth-inducing(e.g., right- of-way, capital improvements, etc.). 3. Install an electrical outlet at the front and back of all residential units for electrical yard equipment. Level "B"Measures 1. Implement all applicable Standard Mitigation Measures and Level "A" Mitigation Measures. 2. Construct, contribute, or dedicate land for the provision of off-site bicycle trails linking the facility to designated bicycle commuting routes in accordance with an adopted citywide or countywide plan. 3. Synchronize traffic signals along streets impacted by development. 4. Construct on-site and off-site bus turnouts, passenger benches, and shelters. 5. Provide for pedestrian access between bus service and major points within the development. 6. Construct off-site pedestrian facility improvements such as overpasses and wider sidewalks. 7. Include neighborhood retail sales and services within or adjacent to residential subdivisions. (Note, this provision cannot be applied until the City's Land Use Element has been revised to allow mixed use.) 8. Orient building structures and install landscape that takes advantage of passive solar design principles. 9. Install solar water heaters for at least 25 percent of the residential units in the development. 10. Incorporate mixed use development in order to achieve a balance of commercial, employment, and housing options within the project site. (Note,this provision cannot be applied until the City's Land Use Element has been revised to allow mixed use.) 11. Provide neighborhood park(s) or other recreational options such as trails within development to minimize vehicle travel to other parks or commercial areas. 32 12. Provide densities of six units or greater to support transit. F. COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS: RECOMMENDED BEST AVAILABLE MITIGATION MEASURES (BAMM) Level "A"Measures 1. Implement all applicable Standard Mitigation Measures. 2. Contribute to traffic-flow improvements that are not growth-inducing (e.g., right-of-way, capital improvements, etc.). 3. Provide preferential parking spaces for carpools and vanpools and provide 7-foot 2-inch minimum vertical clearance in parking facilities for vanpool access. Level"B"Measures 1. Implement all applicable Standard Mitigation Measures and Level "A" Mitigation Measures. 2. Telecommuting programs, alternate work schedules, and guaranteed ride home programs shall be established as appropriate. 3. Provide for transit-use incentives such as subsidized transit passes and accommodation of unusual work schedules to encourage transit use. 4. Convert fleet vehicles to clean-burning fuel as appropriate. S. Shower/locker facilities shall be provided when appropriate for bicycling and pedestrian commuters. 6. Construct off-site bicycle and pedestrian facility improvements such as trails linking the facility to designated pedestrian/bicycle commuting routes. 7. Provide on-site services such as cafeterias,food vending machines,automatic tellers,etc.,as appropriate. 8. Contribute to construction of off-site park-n-ride lots. 9. Provide on-site child care and after-school facilities or contribute to off-site development within walking distance. 10. Construct on-site pedestrian facility improvements such as walk paths and building access which is physically separated from street and parking lot traffic. 11. Implement compressed work-week schedules where weekly work hours are compressed into fewer than five days, such as 9/80, 4/40 or 3/36. 12. Construct on-site and off-site bus turnouts,passenger benches, or shelters. 13. Provide adequate bicycle storage/parking facilities. 14. Implement alternative transportation program such as Caltrans rideshare. 33 RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS Sample Mitigation Measure Efficiencies for Controlling Indirect Mobile Source Emissions Emission Reduction Efficiency Mitigation Measures ROG NO, PM, ► Construct on-site or off-site bus turnouts,passenger benches,and shelters 0.2-1.9% 0.2-2.5% 0.2-2.5% • Construct off-site pedestrian facility improvements such as overpasses and wider 0.1-0.3% 0.1-0.4% 0.1-0.4% sidewalks • Contribute to regional transit system improvements(e.g.,right-of-way,capital 4.0-8.0% 4.0-8.0% 4.0-8.0% improvements,etc.) • Synchronize traffic lights on existing streets impacted by development 4.0-8.0% 4.0-8.0% 4.0-8.0% ► Construct,contribute,or dedicate land for the provision of off-site bicycle trails linking 0.1-0.6% 0.1-0.8% 0.1-0.8% the facility to designated bicycle commuting routes • Include retail services within or adjacent to residential subdivisions 1.0-4.0% 1.3-6.0% 1.3-6.0% ► Provide for pedestrian access between bus service and major points within the 0.1-3.0% 0.1-3.0% 0.1-3.0% development(e.g.,sidewalks,paths,walkways) ► Orient buildings for passive solar design 1.0-2.0% 1.0-3.0% 1.0-5.5% • Include neighborhood telecommunication or telework center within residential 1.0-5.0% 1.0-5.0% 1.0-5.0% subdivision ► Include residential development within commercial core area or business district 4.0-13.0% 4.0.13.0% 4.0-13.0% NOTE: The Redding Planning Department, in consultation with AQMD, will determine the degree of efficiency for the mitigations of this table,but generally, the average of the range shall be used. 34 COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS Sample Mitigation Measure Efficiencies for Controlling Indirect Mobile Source Emissions Emission Reduction Efficiency Mitigation Measures ROG NO, PM,, ► Implement compressed work-week schedules where weekly work hours are 1.0-20.0% 1.0-40.0% 1.0-40.0% compressed into fewer than five days • Establish telecommuting programs,alternate work schedules,and guaranteed 0.1-1.6% 0.1-2.1% 0.1-2.1% ride home programs • Provide on-site child care and after-school facilities or contribute to off-site 0.1% 0.1-0.2% 0.1-0.2% development within walking distance • Construct on-site or off-site bus turnouts,passenger benches,or shelters 0.1-1.0% 0.1-1.3% 0.1-1.3% I. Provide on-site employee services such as cafeterias and ATMs 0.2-3.4% 0.3-4.5% 0.3-4.5% ► Provide preferential parking spaces for carpools and vanpools and provide 72" 0.1-1.0% 0.1-1.3% 0.1-1.3% minimum vertical clearance in parking facilities for vanpool access ► Establish alternative transportation program through Caltrans rideshare 0.1-1.6% 0.1-1.6% 0.1-1.6% • Use low-emission fleet vehicles See AQMD See AQMD See AQMD • Provide for transit-use incentives,such as subsidized transit passes and 0.4.1.5% 0.4-1.5% 0.4-1.5% accommodation of unusual work schedules to allow for transit stops ► Contribute to traffic-flow improvements that are not growth inducing 4.0-8.0% 0.4-8.0% 0.4-8.0% • Provide shuttles to major transit stations and multimodal centers 0.1-0.3% 0.1-0.5% 0.1-0.5% ► Include residential units with commercial project 3.1-13.7% 4.0-18.0% 4.0.18.0% ► Utilize parking in excess of code requirements as on-site park-n-ride lots or 0.1% 0.1-0.2% 0.1-0.2% contribute to construction of off-site lots • Any two of the following: -Construct off-site bicycle facility improvements such as bicycle trails linking the 0.2-2.4% 0.3-3.2% 0.3-3.2% facility to designated bicycle commuting routes,or on-site improvements such as bicycle paths -Include bicycle parking facilities such as bicycle lockers and racks see above see above see above -Include showers for bicycling employees'use see above see above see above • Any two of the following: -Construct off-site pedestrian facility improvements such as overpasses,wider 0.2-1.2% 0.2-1.6% 0.2-1.6% sidewalks -Construct on-site pedestrian facility such as a building access physically see above see above see above separated from the street and parking lot traffic and walk paths -Include showers for pedestrian employees'use see above see above see above ► Provide video conferencing facilities 5.0-29.0% 5.0-29.0% 5.0-29.0% NOTE: The Redding Planning Department, in consultation with AQMD, will determine the degree of efficiency for the mitigations of this table,but generally,the average of the two ranges shall be used. 35 G. URBEMIS COMPUTER PROGRAM ASSUMPTIONS AND DEFAULTS Estimates of emissions generated by the traffic of a project shall be accomplished by using the latest version of a computer program called URBEMIS. This model contains default values for much of the information needed to calculate emissions. The Air Quality Management District will provide documentation on the latest assumptions and defaults to be used. This documentation shall consider updated information concerning the following: 1. Project Year. Select the year nearest to the initial project phase scheduled completion year. If this date is indeterminate, use the year nearest to the date of analysis. 2. Vehicle Fleet Mix. Use URBEMIS default values unless project has unusual characteristics and data is available to modify the mix characteristics. 3. Ambient Temperature. As specified by the AQMD. 4. Trip Speeds. Use URBEMIS default values unless project has unusual characteristics and data is available to modify the speeds. Note,the average trip speeds must consider the time delay at intersection stops and acceleration and deceleration times. A typical trip speed for a residential project is 30 to 35 MPH. 5. Project Area. Use RURAL as area selection since this designation more closely corresponds to Shasta County than the other selections available. 6. Trip Lengths. Use URBEMIS default values unless other values have been approved by the Air Pollution Control Officer as a result of special traffic surveys or studies. 7. Percent of Cold Starts and Percent of Trip Types. Same as above. 8. Percent PKo and Percent Sulfur in Fuel. Same as above. 9. Trip Rates. The model lists 41 ITE default trip rates for various types of land use. Trips should be modified according to the City's traffic model for the particular trip zone. In any case, the City shall approve the trip rate used. 36 H. SAMPLE CALCULATION OF EMISSION REDUCTION FROM APPLICATION OF BEST AVAILABLE MITIGATION MEASURES (BAMM) Project: 500 Single Family Residences 1 Community Shopping Center The reader should understand that this example, as well as those on page 48, is only provided to illustrate the methodology. The emissions produced by these sample projects should not be interpreted as the level of emissions that would be calculated using the latest approved URBEMIS model. It is also important to understand that each emission reduction factor to be applied must be documented and justified. 1. Total unmitigated project emissions from URBEMIS computer model: 95.9 #/day TOG 143.2 #/day NOx 18.2 #/day PM10 2. Do project unmitigated emissions exceed Level "A" threshold of 25 #/day NOx, 25 #/day ROG, or 80#/day PM10?Yes. (Assume reactive organic gases [ROG] are equivalent to total organic gases [TOG]. Apply all feasible Level "A" measures for both residential and commercial/industrial projects since this project has features of both types of development. 3. Do project unmitigated emissions exceed Level"B"threshold of 137 #/day of the above pollutants? Yes. Apply all feasible Level "B" measures for both residential and commercial/industrial projects since this project has features of both types of development. 4. The following mitigation measures and associated average emission reductions were selected for this project: a. Synchronize traffic lights on streets near development: TOG Reduction = (95.9 #/day)(.06) = 5.8 #/day NOx Reduction = (143.2 #/day)(.06) = 8.6 #/day PM10 Reduction = (18.2 #/day)(.06) = 1.1 #/day b. Include retail service adjacent to subdivision: TOG Reduction = (95.9 #/day)(.025) = 2.4 #/day NOx Reduction = (143.2 #/day)(.0365) = 5.2 #/day PMi0 Reduction = (18.2 #/day)(.0365) = 0.66 #/day c. Construct on-site bus turnouts and shelters: TOG Reduction = (95.9 #/day)(.0105) = 1.0 #/day NOx Reduction = (143.2 #/day)(.014) = 2.0 #/day PM10 Reduction = (18.2 #/day)(.014) = 0.2 #/day 5. Mitigated project emissions are determined by subtracting total reductions from unmitigated project emissions: TOG Emissions = 95.9 - 5.8 - 2.4 - 1.0 #/day = 86.7 #/day NOx Emissions = 143.2 - 8.6 - 5.2 - 2.0 #/day = 127.4 #/day PM10 Emissions = 18.2 - 1.1 - 0.66 -0.2 #/day = 16.2 #/day 6. Determine if project emissions exceed the 137 #/day emission threshold where emission offsets are required. No. All emissions are below the significance level with applied mitigation. Therefore, a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) is appropriate. 37 F. O o C y ti = til o 7 L O7 L 0 O CO F 0 o L 0 O 7,-- "1-7,. •� iVd + iG a U 0 %j : o ii7:1 i 2 C ... 0 C F G CA 0CO Co^ 0Oo 00 Co 00 'w O «2 - a 2 0-a O �% 0 ° O N 2 ° S' ° ' ` ` avoc.s° c y7 « vN ` o L vo d _ 7 G 2 7 � ti v . 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Ng � � � N � O �yFa T Fo � " a � E oC E o ? � B � og L 0 . .9 0 o 'y " Ow ' « w COCO ' � C C d ai 0. fi° ° . : d " j 00.0 ° c'2a c? vQo� 0 � rr � 6 wto. r:, con e' eovo c 00 c °N a''E 0 a 'E E •a)L ° ` 'n F- 0 o Ac in 0.4 38 J. SOURCES FOR OTHER STANDARD MITIGATION MEASURES (SMM) AND BEST AVAILABLE MITIGATION MEASURES (BAMM) 1. Placer County Air Pollution Control District, "Menu of Mitigation Measures" (9/93) 2. San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District,"Model Air Quality Element-Admin. Draft" (8-19-93) 3. South Coast Air Quality Management District, "1992 Revision of CEQA Air Quality Handbook- Chapter 11" 4. South Coast Air Quality Management District, "1992 Revision of CEQA Air Quality Handbook - Appendix 11" 39 VII. 'TRACKING CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS OF ALL APPROVED PROJECTS Since the County Air Quality Attainment Plan and this element only"strive"to achieve an annual reduction in emissions by applying Best Available Mitigation Measures (BAMM), not all project emissions will be mitigated. Although the California Clean Air Act permits this approach, the County and its cities should at least track the cumulative contribution of unmitigated emissions for all projects. This will enable decision makers to see how much more unmitigated emission is being added to the cumulative emissions of all approved projects relative to a proposed project. In a way, this measure can serve as a gauge for any future adjustments in the mitigations of the Air Quality Element. The most obvious gauge to use for annual cumulative impacts is the threshold level of the "New Source Review Rule," which is 25 tons/year or 137 lbs/day. This threshold coincides with Level "B" of the Air Quality Element in determining when an EIR and offsets are needed (see Chapter VII, Section "B"). Basically, the threshold serves as a level of significance for large and cumulative effects of several small projects. The reader is reminded that large projects must address the impacts of exceeding Level "B," but small projects pending consideration of approval should only be examined relative to their contribution to Level"B" threshold as a matter of information. The annual cumulative contribution of emissions from vehicles and wood heating devices, including fireplaces, should also be traced in accordance with the calculations of this chapter. The information from the following table should be made part of the initial environmental study for each proposed project. At the end of the year, a report of cumulative emissions for that calendar year should be submitted to the Air Quality Management District (AQMD), the Planning Commission, and City Council as a matter of information. Table AIR QUALITY OZONE AND PM,o TRACKING PROGRAM FOR PROPOSED AND APPROVED PROJECTS (Based on Calendar Year) 1. Vehicle emissions of proposed project as quantified by the air quality ( ) URBEMIS computer model. 2. Vehicle emission reductions of proposed project based on proposed ( ) mitigations. 3. Difference in emissions between No. 1 and No.2 for proposed project. ( ) 4. Annual cumulative emissions of all approved projects. ( ) 5. Add No. 3 and No. 4. ( ) 6. Significant project threshold of Air Quality Management District (25 tons/year) (Level"B"). 40 7. Difference in emissions between No. 5 and No. 6 is the amount of ( ) emissions that Cities and County must offset through emission reductions or offsets being applied to new development or modified and/or existing businesses. As noted above, the Level"B"threshold is the same threshold used in the permitting process of the AQMD for stationary sources of pollution from individual businesses and manufacturing plants. The permit requirements,including emission offsets for Level"B"exceedances, apply to new and modified businesses of the County's New Source Review Rule. By using the same threshold for development projects or"indirect sources"of pollution,parity is at least recognized between the two types of projects. The idea is, as much as possible, to make sure new and modified businesses do not carry all the burden of mitigating the emission impacts of indirect sources of pollution from other types of development projects. Another way of justifying this approach is to realize that direct and indirect sources of vehicle and PMi0 emissions share the same overall emissions budget. It should also be recognized that projects that have direct sources of emissions under the California Clean Air Act already have a double requirement of mitigating stationary and indirect sources of emission. The tracking program for PM10 emissions from approved and pending wood heating devices uses the same threshold of 137 lbs/day or a maximum of 423 devices per year as the threshold of approved units. The emission advantages of Phase II stoves is outweighed by this number of devices as indicated by the formula below: (# devices) (1.5 cords) (2.22 tons) (14.6 lbs PM10) ( 1 yr ) _ (# lbs/day) devices cord T 150 days # devices = 423 devices = 137 lbs/day T = EPA AP-42 emission factor for Phase II stove Based on this, the significant threshold for PM10 relative to No. 6 of the table above, is 137 lbs/day. If the number of approved heating devices exceeds 423 per year, then the cumulative effect is considered significant. Since this action of approved devices is only a building permit, CEQA clearance does not apply, but the tracking program should still be followed. 41 GLOSSARY OF AIR QUALITY TERMS INTRODUCTION This glossary is intended to help ordinary citizens understand the most commonly used air pollution terms. The glossary is divided into two sections: 1. GOVERNMENTAL SECTION 2. TECHNICAL SECTION The governmental section gives an overview of the laws, regulations, and government agencies involved in ensuring healthful air quality. The technical section explains some scientific terms used to describe pollutants, the processes that form them, and their effects. 1. GOVERNMENTAL SECTION Introduction to the Regulatory System Federal and state governments have laws and agencies that control air pollution. At the Federal level, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for safeguarding the nation's air quality. Each state must meet the standards set by the EPA. Some states like California have passed standards that are more strict than those set by the EPA, so polluters must also comply with those standards. The EPA works with state and local agencies to make sure that air quality in the state at least meets Federal standards. The state and local agencies monitor pollution and enforce both state and Federal standards. In California, the Air Resources Board (ARB) is the lead agency responsible for air quality. Local counties overseen by the ARB develop and implement local air quality management plans. The counties specifically regulate emissions made by local stationary sources (i.e.,those that don't come from moving objects like cars and trains). In addition to overseeing local regulatory efforts,ARB has direct authority over mobile sources. Together,Federal,state,and local agencies,in coordination with the regulated and general public,are acting to bring the state into compliance with health and welfare-based air quality standards. Under the current regulatory framework, it is expected that California will meet this goal within the next two decades. Governmental Terms Air Toxics"Hot Spots"Information and Assessment Program (AB 2588): A California program(Health and Safety Code Section 44300, et seq.) requiring certain stationary sources to report the type and quantity of specific toxic substances they routinely release into the air. The program identifies high priority facilities and requires facilities posing significant risks to notify all exposed individuals. APCD (Air Pollution Control District): A county agency with authority to regulate stationary, indirect, and area sources of air pollution(e.g.,power plants,highway construction,and housing developments)within a given county, and governed by a district air pollution control board composed of the elected county supervisors. (Compare AQMD). AQMD (Air Quality Management District): A group of counties or portions of counties,or an individual county specified in law with authority to regulate stationary,indirect,and area sources of air pollution within the region and governed by a regional air pollution control board comprised mostly of elected officials from within the region. (Compare APCD). 42 AQMP (Air Quality Management Plan): A plan prepared by an APCD/AQMD for a county or region designated as a nonattainment area for the purpose of bringing the area into compliance with the requirements of the national and/or California Ambient Air Quality Standards. AQMPs are incorporated into the state Implementation Plan (SIP). Attainment Area: A geographic area which is in compliance with the National and/or California Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS or CAAQS). BACT (Best Available Control Technology): The most up-to-date methods, systems, techniques, and production processes available to achieve the greatest feasible emission reductions for given regulated air pollutants and processes. BACT is a requirement of NSR (New Source Review) and PSD (Prevention of Significant Deterioration). CAAQS (California Ambient Air Quality Standard): A legal limit that specifies the maximum level and time of exposure that can occur in the outside air for a given air pollutant and which is protective of human health and public welfare (Health and Safety Code 39606b). CAAQSs are recommended by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and adopted into regulation by the Air Resources Board. CAAQSs are the standards which must be met per the requirements of the California Clean Air Act. CARB (California Air Resources Board): The state's lead air quality agency consisting of a nine-member, Governor-appointed board. It is responsible for attainment and maintenance of state and Federal air quality standards and is fully responsible for motor vehicle pollution control. It oversees county and regional air pollution management programs. CCAA (California Clean Air Act): California law passed in 1988 which provides the basis for air quality planning and regulation independent of Federal regulations. A major element of the act is the requirement that local APCDs/AQMDs in violation of the CAAQS must prepare attainment plans which identify air quality problems, causes, trends, and actions to be taken to attain and maintain California's air quality standards by the earliest practicable date. CEQA (California Environmental Quality Act): A California law which sets forth a process for public agencies to make informed decisions on discretionary project approvals. The process aids decision makers to determine whether any environmental impacts are associated with a proposed project. It requires that environmental impacts associated with a proposed project be eliminated or reduced and that air quality mitigation measures be implemented. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency): The United states agency charged with setting policy and guidelines and carrying out legal mandates for the protection of national interests in environmental resources. FIP(Federal Implementation Plan): In the absence of an approved state Implementation Plan(SIP),a plan prepared by the EPA which provides measures that nonattainment areas must take to meet the requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act. Indirect Source: Any facility, building,structure, or installation, or combination thereof, which generates or attracts mobile source activity that results in emissions of any pollutant (or precursor) for which there is a state ambient air quality standard. Examples of indirect sources include employment sites,shopping centers, sports facilities,housing developments,airports,commercial and industrial development,and parking lots and garages. Indirect Source Control Program: Rules, regulations, local ordinances and land-use controls, and other regulatory strategies of air pollution control districts or local governments used to control or reduce emissions associated with new and existing indirect sources. Indirect source control programs include regulatory 43 strategies such as transportation control measures(e.g.,South Coast's Regulation XV for employer-based trip reduction); parking charges; land-use controls that reduce the need for vehicle travel and increase transit, bicycle, and pedestrian access; and source-specific regulations such as truck idling and travel schedule requirements. Indirect Source Review: A major component of an indirect source control program which applies to new and modified indirect sources. Strategies for indirect source review include permit programs; review and comment on new and modified indirect source projects through the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) process; and coordination of air quality, transportation, and land-use policies through local government general plans. Indirect source review reduces emissions from new and modified sources through best available mitigation measures and additional off-site mitigation such as offsets and mitigation fees. NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards): Standards set by the Federal EPA for the maximum levels of air pollutants which can exist in the outdoor air without unacceptable effects on human health or the public welfare. NSR (New Source Review): A program used to permit new or modified industrial facilities which are in a nonattainment area and which emit nonattainment criteria air pollutants. The two major requirements of NSR are Best Available Control Technology and Emission Offset. Nonattainment Area: A geographic area identified by the EPA and/or ARB as not meeting either NAAQS or CAAQS standards for a given pollutant. SIP (state Implementation Plan): A document prepared by each state describing existing air quality conditions and measures which will be taken to attain and maintain national ambient air quality standards (see AQMP). Transportation Control Measure (TCM): Any control measure to reduce vehicle trips,vehicle use,vehicle miles traveled, vehicle idling, or traffic congestion for the purpose of reducing motor vehicle emissions. TCMs could include encouraging the use of carpools and mass transit. 2. TECHNICAL SECTION Introduction to Technical Terms Air quality management and regulations are dependent on information gathered from a number of technical disciplines. These include the study of the health and environmental effects of pollutants, air quality sampling and pollutant measurement,data management and analysis,and control technology development. This section of the glossary is intended to give the reader a general understanding of the air-related terms most commonly used in these sciences. Technical Terms Acid Rain: Rain which is especially acidic (pH < 5,2). Principal components of acid rain typically include nitric and sulfuric acid. These may be formed by the combination of nitrogen and sulfur oxides with water vapor in the atmosphere. Air Pollutants: Amounts of foreign and/or natural substances occurring in the atmosphere that may result in adverse effects on humans, animals, vegetation, and/or materials. 44 BACT (Best Available Control Technology): The most up-to-date methods, systems, techniques, and production processes available to achieve the greatest feasible emission reductions for given regulated air pollutants and processes. BACT is a requirement of NSR (New Source Review) and PSD (Prevention of Significant Deterioration). CO (Carbon Monoxide): A colorless,odorless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Over 80 percent of the CO emitted in urban areas is contributed by motor vehicles. CO interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the body's tissues and results in numerous adverse health effects. CO is a criteria air pollutant. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide): A colorless,odorless gas that occurs naturally in the earth's atmosphere. Significant quantities are also emitted into the air by fossil fuel combustion. Emissions of CO2 have been implicated with increasing the greenhouse effect. Fugitive Dust: Dust particles which are introduced into the air through certain activities such as soil cultivation, off-road vehicles, or any vehicles operating on open fields or dirt roadways. Greenhouse Effect: The warming effect of the earth's atmosphere on the earth. Light energy from the sun which passes through the earth's atmosphere is absorbed by the earth's surface and re-radiated into the atmosphere as heat energy. The heat energy is then trapped by the atmosphere, creating a situation similar to that which occurs in a greenhouse or a car with its windows rolled up. Many scientists believe that the emission of CO2 and other gasses into the atmosphere may increase the greenhouse effect and contribute to global warming. Hydrocarbon: Any of a large number of compounds containing various combinations of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They may be emitted into the air as a result of fossil fuel combustion, fuel volatization, and solvent use, and are a major contributor to smog. (Also see ROG). Inversion: A layer of warm air in the atmosphere that lies over a layer of cooler air, trapping pollutants. Nitrogen Oxides (Oxides of Nitrogen, NON): A general term pertaining to compounds of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other oxides of nitrogen. Nitrogen oxides are typically created during combustion processes and are major contributors to smog formation and acid deposition. NO2 is a criteria air pollutant and may result in numerous adverse health effects. Ozone: A strong smelling, pale blue, reactive toxic chemical gas consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is a product of the photochemical process involving the sun's energy. Ozone exists in the upper atmosphere ozone layer as well as at the earth's surface. Ozone at the earth's surface causes numerous adverse health effects and is a criteria air pollutant. It is a major component of smog. Ozone Layer: A layer of ozone 12 to 15 miles above the earth's surface which helps to filter out harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. It maybe contrasted with ground-level ozone which exists at the earth's surface and is a harmful component of photochemical smog. A primary concern is that compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in air conditioning systems are depleting the ozone layer. Stringent Federal requirements will phase out production of chlorofluorocarbons in the U.S. by the year 2000. Ozone Precursors: Chemicals such as hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen, occurring either naturally or as a result of human activities, which contribute to the formation of ozone, a major component of smog. 45 PM-10 (Particulate Matter): A major air pollutant consisting of tiny solid or liquid particles of soot, dust, aerosols,fumes,and mists. The size of the particles (10 microns or smaller,about 0.0004 inch or less) allows them to easily enter the air sacs deep in the lungs where they may be deposited to result in adverse health effects. PMI()also causes visibility reduction and is a criteria air pollutant. ROG (Reactive Organic Gas): A reactive chemical gas composed of hydrocarbons that may contribute to the formation of smog. Also sometimes referred to as Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOCs). Smog: A combination of smoke, ozone, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and other chemically reactive compounds which,under certain conditions of weather and sunlight,may result in a murky brown haze that causes adverse health effects. The primary source of smog in California is motor vehicles. Smoke: A form or air pollution consisting primarily of particulate matter(i.e.,particles). Other components of smoke include gaseous air pollutants such as hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. Sources of smoke may include fossil fuel combustion, agricultural burning, and other combustion processes. Stationary Sources: Nonmobile sources such as power plants,refineries,and manufacturing facilities which emit air pollutants. (Contrast with mobile sources.) Toxic Hot Spot: An area where the concentration of air toxics is significantly higher than background levels and where individuals may be exposed to an elevated risk of adverse health effects. Toxic hot spot sources can include landfills, sewage treatment plants, and numerous other operations. 9-28-00 46 ale e tatit I i � N i; I 'rg e ,; a igenta . The following lists implementation programs for the General Plan goals and policies. Implementation programs describe briefly the proposed action, the agencies or departments with primary responsibility for carrying out the program,and the time frame for accomplishing the program. The programs are listed according to the types of policies which they implement. Note that the implementation programs for the Housing and Air Quality Elements are contained in those elements. The following abbreviations denote those departments responsible for carrying out the implementation of this Plan: DSD = Development Services Department P = Police DPW = Department of Public Works GS = General Services OCM = Office of City Manager CS = Community Services F = Fire RRA = Redding Redevelopment Agency (COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN) ELEMENT P Oju RESPONSIBILITY TY 1. Establish project review procedures to ensure that new development will not degrade Ongoing DSD public services below established service levels,that it contributes to the enhancement of services as appropriate,and that the costs of providing public services do not exceed anticipated revenue from the development of the project over the long term. (Pol. CDD2B) 2. Prepare basic development standards and design criteria for development of"Mixed Use 2001 DSD Villages." The guidelines should address appropriate site characteristics, mix of uses, densities and intensities, building siting, circulation, transit, open space, and related items. (Pol. CDD9C) 3. Review and revise,as necessary,the Zoning Ordinance and map to ensure consistency 2000 DSD with the General Plan and to specifically accomplish the following purposes: o Ensure consistency with the General Plan in terms of zoning districts and development standards. o Ensure consistency with the General Plan in terms of the distribution and boundaries of zoning districts. • Create new zoning districts as needed. ▪ Liberalize the nonconforming use provisions of the Zoning Ordinance to allow nonconforming uses to continue subject to obtaining a use permit.(Various Policies) 4. Review and revise,as necessary, the Subdivision Ordinance to implement the policies 2000 DSD of and ensure consistency with the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance. Add requirements for determining whether adequate public facilities meeting established service level standards will be available at time of development and mandatory denial unless the subdivider agrees to provide them, consistent with General Plan policies. (Various Policies) 5. Prepare comprehensive Land Use Plans for the Municipal Airport and Benton Airpark 2002 DSD as necessary to ensure consistency with the adopted Plan and to submit the plans to the Airport Land Use Commission for approval. (Various Policies) October 3,2000 Implementation—Community Development and Design 1 TIMIN ELEMENT PROBITY RESPONSIBILITY 6. Require preparation and approval of specific plans for those areas shown on Appendix As needed DSD "A." Specific plans shall comply with State law requirements and the specific plan guidelines contained in Appendix"A"of the Policy Document. (Pol. CDDII) 7. Prepare and publish design standards for storm-water detention basins which address the 2002 DPW; DSD following: P. Depth, shape,side slopes. P. Landscape and plant materials. ► Multiuse recreational concepts. ► Pollution-filtration concepts. (Pol.CDD6B, 6C) 8. Prepare and adopt Hillside Development Standards for inclusion in the Subdivision 2002 DSD; DPW Ordinance. These standards should include,but not be limited to, provisions for the following: 1. Appropriate densities based on degree of natural slope. P. Parameters for street, utility, and building-site grading. ▪ Erosion and sediment control. P. Surface and subsurface drainage. P. Vegetation removal and revegetation requirements. (Pol. CDD7B) 9. Prepare and adopt provisions to be included in the Zoning Ordinance,including an 2001 DSD incentive program to encourage mixed-use projects—particularly in the Downtown area. Such a program should identify appropriate geographic locations for the use of incentives and parameters for receiving them. Specific incentives to be considered include,but are not limited to: P. Amending the Zoning Ordinance to provide for increases in allowable commercial floor area when a building or project also contains residential uses. P. Amending the Zoning Ordinance to establish reduced parking requirements for mixed-use projects. P. Modifying the Traffic Impact Fee program to reflect the reduction in vehicle trips that can be expected to be attained. P. Utilizing Redding Redevelopment Agency funds to assemble and develop key properties in cooperation with the private-sector development community. ► Establishing criteria to expedite the development review process. (Various Policies) 10. Prepare and adopt an incentive package,either by amendment of the Zoning Ordinance 2001 DSD or by City Council Policy, to encourage infill development of vacant or underutilized parcels. (Pol. CDDIOC) 11. Amend the Zoning Ordinance as necessary to allow, and provide parameters for, the 2000 DSD establishment of small neighborhood-serving stores within residential districts. The ordinance should address the following minimum elements: P. Maximum size of facilities. P. Allowable and inappropriate uses. P. Parking. P. Compatibility with adjacent land uses. (Pol CDDI0G) 12. Amend the Zoning Ordinance as necessary to allow guest houses/second units in single- 2000 DSD family residential districts consistent with Government Code Section 65852.2. (Pol. CDD I 1 F) 13. Develop and implement a self-supporting program of rental housing inspections which 2003 H; DSD includes requirements for upgrading property to meet minimum standards. (CDD I2G) 2 Implementation—Transportation October 3,2000 ELEMENT TIMING/ RESPONSIBILITY PRIORITY 14. Develop guidelines for preparation of the independent market analysis required in 2001 DSD conjunction with General Plan amendment requests for significant retail and office commercial land. These guidelines should identify the project-size thresholds and the specific type and level of market information required. (Pol. CDD13A) 15. Prepare and adopt comprehensive design criteria to be applied to the development of 2001 DSD public and private projects,including single-family subdivisions,multiple-family housing, and commercial development. The guidelines should not attempt to regulate or dictate architectural design,but establish parameters relating to scale,mass,building patterns, landscape,parking areas,views,and other appropriate topics. Integrate design standards into the site-plan and development-review process. (Pol. CDD14A) 16. Prepare and adopt new street standards that include revised cross-sections for residential 2001 DSD; DPW streets. The standards should consider the hierarchical nature of residential streets by establishing parameters for reduced street widths. The standards should also accommodate the use of landscaped parkways and appropriate traffic-calming devices. (Pol. CDDI 7A) 17. Develop a citywide plan, priority system, and funding program for systematically 2003 E undergrounding overhead utility lines in existing neighborhoods and commercial areas. Emphasis should be placed on undergrounding in those areas which are visible to the greatest number of residents and visitors or locations where road-improvement projects are already planned. (Pol. CDDI 8C) 18. Prepare and adopt a Specific Plan and Development Guidelines for Downtown Redding 2000 RRA; DSD to address: ► Appropriate land use classifications. ► Desired mixed-use concepts. ► Public gathering places. ► Building scale and mass. P. Facade and overhang treatments. P. Downtown circulation and streetscape. ► Parking and parking structures. P. Linkage to other districts. (Pol. CDD-D1) 18. Review the General Plan annually, focusing principally on actions undertaken in the Annually DSD previous year to carry out the implementation programs of the Plan. The Planning Commission's report to the City Council shall include, as the Commission deems appropriate,recommendations for amendments to the General Plan. This review shall also be used to satisfy the requirements of Public Resources Code §21081.6 for a mitigation monitoring program. (Pol. CDD22A) 19. The City shall conduct a major review of the General Plan every five years and revise 2 0 0 0 ; DSD it as deemed necessary. (Pol. CDD22B) every five years thereafter 20. Implement the provisions of this General Plan through its ongoing project review Ongoing DSD process. (Various Policies) October 3,2000 Implementation—Community Development and Design 3 (TRANSPORTATION) ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Prepare and adopt a Right-of-Way Dedication Ordinance defining procedures 2000 DSD; DPW and standards for street dedications. (Pol. TIC) 2. Revise the City's current Construction Standards to incorporate: 2001 DPW; DSD o Desired design features for arterials, including landscape strips between the curb and sidewalk, Class II bicycle lanes, and landscaped medians. Transitions between standard sidewalk layouts and the new designs should also be addressed. (Policy T3A) ► Standards for the full range of potential bicycle and pedestrian facilities expected to be developed within the City. (Policy T6A,T8A) ► Criteria for Planning Commission and/or City Engineer approval of exceptions to standard street dedication and improvement requirements. 3. Reevaluate the City's existing Traffic Impact Fee program and modify it if 2000 OCM; DPW; necessary to ensure that the fees collected actually cover the costs of identified DSD improvements needed to maintain adopted levels of service. (Pol.T3E,T3F) 4. Periodically update the City's traffic model by incorporating new road Ongoing DPW improvements and land use modifications. This type of maintenance will ensure that the model continues to function as an accurate and effective planning tool. (Pol. TIB) 5. Evaluate and establish as necessary a central control system to synchronize 2001 and ongoing DPW traffic signals along major transit routes. (Pol. T3G) 6. Prepare and implement a Comprehensive Bikeway Plan to specifically locate, 2002 CS;DPW;DSD prioritize,and identify funding sources for commuter and recreational bicycle facilities. (Pol. T8A) 7. Monitor aviation activity and needs on an ongoing basis. Periodically update Ongoing DSD local Airport Land Use Plans and Airport Master Plans to address changing conditions and/or new opportunities for airport improvements. (Pol. Ti OA) 8. Develop strategies to generate ongoing funding for general Airport operations Ongoing DSD and a reserve which can be used to meet the matching fund requirements of grant funding sources. (Pol. TI OA) 9. Complete a project study report and secure funding for a Gold Street 2002 DPW undercrossing (or other appropriate location) and South Bonnyview Road overcrossing of the Union Pacific Railroad. (Pol. TI 2A) 4 Implementation—Transportation October 3,2000 (NATURAL RESOURCE) ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Modify the City's Grading Ordinance to: 2001 DPW; DSD ▪ Require that grading or other site work undertaken during the rainy season be subject to an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan that has been approved by a Certified Erosion and Sediment Control Specialist and the City's Public Works Department. • Establish erosion-control requirements and review process for small projects, including the construction of single-family residences. (Pol.NR IA) 2. Amend the City's "Open Space" Zoning District as necessary to 2002 DSD incorporate stream corridor/riparian vegetation buffer provisions and to establish appropriate uses within these areas. (Pol. NR6D) 3. Modify Chapter 18.63 "Surface Mining and Reclamation"of the 2001 DSD City's Municipal Code to be consistent with the General Plan. (Pol. NR I3A) 4. Prepare a Comprehensive Open Space Plan that addresses the 2001 DSD; CS following: ► Open-space framework. ► Role of public and private open-space areas. • Agricultural land preservation. ► Important ecological areas. • Acquisition and management of public open-space lands. (Pol. NR I IA) October 3,2000 Implementation Section—Natural Resources 5 (HEALTH AND SAFETY) ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Maintain copies of the Seismic Hazards Assessment for the City of Ongoing DSD Redding,prepared by Woodward-Clyde Federal Services(1995),and any other current seismic and geologic studies at locations accessible to the general public and developers,including the main branch of the Shasta County Library and the Building and Planning Divisions of the City of Redding Development Services Department. (Pol.HS I A, I B) 2. Continue to implement the City's Floodplain Ordinance and Ongoing DSD undertake any other actions necessary to comply with Federal and State floodplain requirements or to maintain the City's eligibility under the National Flood Insurance Program. (Pol. HS2A) 3. Periodically review and update the Citywide Master Storm Drain Ongoing DPW Study to reflect items such as: • Improved modeling techniques and projections. ► Changes in established flood elevations resulting from increased development. ► Modifications to identified hazard areas resulting from the installation of new flood-protection facilities and drainage improvements. ► Additional improvements that may be needed to enhance flood- protection capabilities. (Pol. HS2C) 4. Undertake additional studies necessary and implement a regional 2000 DPW storm-water detention system. Such studies should address appropriate locations,sizes,designs,funding,maintenance,and other pertinent information. (Pol. HS2G) 5. Rezone newly identified flood-hazard areas as "Open Space." (Pol. Ongoing DSD HS2C, HS2E) 6. Review and update the City's Disaster Response Plan to address 2001 F incidences of flooding created by uncontrolled releases from Shasta Dam and coordination with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, notification procedures,and preferred evacuation routes in the event of a dam failure at either Shasta or Whiskeytown Dams. Periodically update the City's Disaster Response Plan, as necessary, to ensure that an adequate plan and program can be activated in response to a variety of emergency situations. (Pol. HS3A) 6 Implementation Section—Health and Safety October 3,2000 ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 7. Develop and adopt a Comprehensive Fire Protection and 2001 F; DSD Management Manual which addresses items including,but not limited to: ► Specific building materials, site-design features, setbacks and preferred landscape materials/ placement that can be used to protect development in high wildland fire-hazard areas. o Circumstances when cul-de-sacs longer than 600 feet in length may be considered. o Appropriate locations for unpaved fire-access roads in high wildland fire-hazard areas. (Pol. HS4E) 8. Continue to identify existing crime patterns, particularly those Ongoing P involving career criminals, and study methods to further enhance community-oriented policing and other programs geared to this group. (Pol. HS5C) 9. Pursue incorporation of advanced technology systems and automation Ongoing P to improve efficiencies and the quality of service provided. Such systems may include,but are not limited to: o A Single Entry Electronic Information System. o A new Records Management System (RMS). ► A Mobile Data System. ► A Voice Recognition System. ► Driver's License Scanners. (Pol. HS5C) 10. Acquire funds for the purchase of identified acquisition zones north Ongoing DSD and south of the Redding Municipal Airport to reduce noise and safety impacts. (Pol. HS7A) 11. Forward all proposed development projects which involve the Ongoing DSD manufacture, use, and storage of hazardous materials to the Shasta County Environmental Health Division. This procedure will ensure that all appropriate business and emergency plans are required and any other special requirements or mitigation measures are incorporated into conditions of approval for the project. (Pol.HS9A) 12. Continue to publicize the City's Household Hazardous Waste Ongoing GS Collection Program, including information regarding the types of materials accepted and days and hours of facility operation, to encourage maximum participation by residents. (Pol. HS9B) 13. Require appropriate City staff to undergo regular disaster-preparedness Ongoing F training, including the staging of simulated disaster and response drills. (Pol. HS9E) October 3,2000 Implementation Section—Health and Safety 7 (NOISE) ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Develop and publish a Noise Attenuation Manual which illustrates 2003 DSD preferred site planning and building materials/design techniques to effectively mitigate noise impacts. (Pol. N1E) 2. Record changes that occur in the community's noise environment by Ongoing DSD reviewing available technical and acoustical data and studies conducted for proposed development projects. (Pol. N1A) 3. Maintain and periodically update existing local noise maps as new Ongoing DSD information about the community's noise environment becomes available to ensure accuracy in land use compatibility planning and appropriate mitigation of noise impacts. (Pol.N1A) 4. Implement the noise policies set forth in the City's Comprehensive Ongoing DSD Land Use Plans for Benton Airpark and Redding Municipal Airport. (Pol. N2A) 5. Amend sections of the Zoning Ordinance pertaining to industrial and 2000 DSD commercial development standards to require that proposed projects be designed in a manner to minimize potential noise impacts on adjacent noise-sensitive uses. (Pol. N3B) 6. Adopt the Noise Ordinance to establish appropriate standards for 2003 DSD various noise-generating uses throughout the community. (Pol.Ni B) 7. Use the development and environmental review process to ensure Ongoing DSD that noise impacts are adequately addressed and sufficiently mitigated in accordance with the State's Noise Insulation Standards and with the policies set forth in the Noise Element of the General Plan. (Various Policies) 8 Implementation Section—Noise October 3,2000 (RECREATION) ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Amend the Open Space Ordinance as necessary to permit limited 2000 DSD development of river and creek corridor areas for trails;safety;and other low- impact,public-use activities. (Pol. CDD5A) 2. Prepare and adopt Citywide Recreation and Trails Master Plans that address: 2001 CS; DSD o Specific locations where trails will be developed, including the type of trail that is planned(single-purpose,multipurpose,paved,unpaved,etc.). The City's trail system should focus on linking neighborhoods to other land uses and significant destination points within the community. o Open-space areas where land dedications and easements should be acquired to provide public access, but where no formal trail improvements are planned. o Incorporation of the Sacramento River Trail within the Regional River Parkway. o Separation of bicyclists and pedestrians from vehicular traffic,whenever feasible. o Separation between pedestrian,skater,and bicycle facilities to the extent necessary for safety. • A priority system for the development of trails and trail connections, including a City-looped system. Emphasis should be placed on connecting existing trails, when possible, prior to constructing new, disconnected trail segments. o Identification of funding sources for trail development. • Incentives to encourage private property owners to dedicate lands for public trail purposes. o Interfaces between public trails and private property, including recommended features or strategies designed to protect the security and privacy of adjacent residents. o Short-and long-term maintenance costs. The plan should be developed in conjunction with Federal,State,and local agencies; private property owners; and community groups. (Pol. R1 IA) October 3,2000 Implementation Section—Recreation 9 ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 3. Prepare and adopt a Citywide Parks and Recreation Master Plan that 2001 CS addresses: ► Updated site-selection and development standards for the park types listed in this element. ► A priority system for the acquisition and improvement of parklands. I. A system for providing partial land,in-lieu fee,and/or park development credits for: • Private park and recreation facilities. • Recreation amenities contributed to existing public parks or schools where long-term,joint-use agreements with the City are in place. • Private development of public parks. ► Strategies to address existing sites in the City's inventory of undeveloped parkland which are found to be unsuitable for the public park types described in this element. (Pol. R4A) 4. Continue to require new residential development to dedicate land or pay in- Ongoing DSD; CS lieu fees toward the provision of parks at the maximum land-dedication ratios allowed under State law to offset projected impacts on the public park system. (Pol. R5B) 5. Pursue both existing and alternative sources of funding to provide parklands Ongoing CS and facilities which will adequately meet community needs. The following new sources of funds should be given careful review: P. Establishment of a Parks and Recreation District. ► Higher percentage of redevelopment funds. ► Open-space and park bonds. (Pol. R1OB) 6. Conduct periodic surveys to determine the recreation desires of the citizens Ongoing CS of Redding. Design and implement recreation programs which are responsive to the desires reflected by the majority of survey respondents. (Pol. R4A) NOTE: The implementation strategies for the Housing Element and Air Quality Element are contained within those elements. 10 Implementation Section—Recreation October 3,2000 CCONOMIC DEVELOPMENT) ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Utilize a prioritized ranking system which will ensure that substantial 2000 OCM financial incentives such as infrastructure improvements, land buy- downs, loans, and other nonprogrammatic incentives are provided primarily to those industries and businesses that will demonstrate net economic and social benefits to the community. (Pol.ED3A,ED3B, ED3C, ED3D) 2. Leverage City economic development funds for attracting industry by Ongoing OCM participating in national, state, regional, and county business attraction marketing organizations which have significant promotional budgets and compatible key industry targets. (Pol. ED3E) 3. Continue direct personal contact with existing businesses,small and Ongoing OCM large, and those which have growth potential. Commit resources to address problems identified in business retention surveys and assist businesses wishing to expand. (Pol. ED2B) 4. Place a priority on processing development permits for industrial- Ongoing DSD; OCM related projects and/or expansions and assist businesses throughout the process. (Pol. ED 1J) 5. Develop a formalized process to assist those business representatives 2001 OCM that contact the City for business relocation, expansion, or similar information. P. Train appropriate staff in available economic development and incentive programs. P. Maintain strong coordination between the Economic Development Director and staff involved in the development process. w. Develop standard promotional materials for use with business attraction prospects. (Pol. ED2B) 6. Where feasible,participate financially in public/private partnerships Ongoing OCM with the private sector on significant economic development projects that represent a good investment for the City as well as the company, investors, and/or developers in accordance with adopted policies. (Pol. ED3A) 7. Create and maintain a database of local industrial lands information 2001 OCM which will be available to all interested parties. The database should include relevant demographic, environmental, and economic information,including aerial photographs where appropriate. (Various Policies) 8. Continue to implement the Development Services Department's Ongoing DSD Service Enhancement Program to enhance service to the development industry. (Pol.ED2B) October 3,2000 Implementation Section—Economic Development 11 ELEMENT TIMING/PRIORITY RESPONSIBILITY 9. Modify the City's jobs credit incentive program such that it is 2000 OCM administered by and incentives are authorized by the City Manager, rather than by case-by-case action of the City Council. (Pol.ED3A) 10. Conduct periodic "business roundtable" meetings to foster Ongoing OCM communication between the City and local businesses. (Pol. ED2B) 11. Explore the feasibility and preferred locations for construction of a 2003 CS new convention facility. (Pol. ED5A) 12. Develop a strategy for the rehabilitation or adaptive reuse of 2002 DSD; RRA commercial centers that are experiencing decline or substandard economic performance. (Pol. ED5D) 12 Implementation Section—Economic Development October 3,2000 (PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES) ELEMENT RESPONSIBILITY PRIORITY 1. When reviewing applications for land use designation changes (i.e. zone change, Ongoing DSD General Plan Amendment, Specific Plan), conduct a thorough analysis of the impacts of the proposed changes on all aspects of the City's infrastructure system, and require mitigation as appropriate. (Pol. PF IC) 2. Regularly update and adopt the City's Capital Improvement Program (CIP) to Ongoing DPW prioritize funding for public works projects in accordance with the General Plan. (Pol. PF I I) 3. Implement ordinances to protect life, control fire losses and fire protection costs 2002 FD through the use of automatic suppression systems. (Pol. PF4E) 4. Periodically update the City's Master Water Plan to reflect changes to the General Ongoing DPW Plan General Plan Diagram,water use pattern changes,regulatory changes,or other circumstances. (Pol. PF5F) 5. Periodically review and update,as necessary,the City's Electric Utility Strategic Plan Ongoing ED to reflect industry restructuring developments and other changing conditions. (Pol. PF7A) 6. Select and pursue the acquisition of sites considered appropriate for regional 2002 DPW, DSD stormwater detention/retention facilities within the incorporated area. (Pol.PF9B) 7. Construct regional stormwater detention/retention basins at locations that will 2004 DPW minimize current flooding risk. (Pol. PF9C) October 3,2000 Implementation Section—Public Facilities and Services 13 GIsA ss !!' A THE CALIFORNIA GENERAL PLAN GLOSSARY Abbreviations ADT: Average daily trips made by vehicles or persons in a 24-hour period ALUC: Airport Land Use Commission BMR: Below-market-rate dwelling unit CBD: Central Business District CC&Rs: Covenants,Conditions,and Restrictions CDBG: Community Development Block Grant CEQA: California Environmental Quality Act CFD: A Mello-Roos Community Facilities District CHFA: California Housing Finance Agency CIP: Capital Improvements Program CNEL: Community Noise Equivalent Level CMP: Congestion Management Plan COG: Council of Governments CRA: Community Redevelopment Agency dB: Decibel dBA: "A-weighted"decibel EIR: Environmental Impact Report (State) EIS: Environmental Impact Statement (Federal) FAR: Floor Area Ratio FAUS: Federal Aid to Urban Systems FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency FHWA: Federal Highway Administration FIR: Fiscal Impact Report FIRM: Flood Insurance Rate Map FmHA: Farmers Home Administration GMI: Gross Monthly Income HAP: Housing Assistance Plan HCD: Housing and Community Development Department of the State of California HOV: High Occupancy Vehicle HUD: U.S.Dept.of Housing and Urban Development JPA: Joint Powers Authority LAFCo: Local Agency Formation Commission La,,: Day and Night Average Sound Level Lam: Sound Energy Equivalent Level LHA: Local Housing Authority LOS: Level of Service LRT: Light (duty) Rail Transit NEPA: National Environmental Policy Act OPR: Office of Planning and Research,State of California PUD: Planned Unit Development SRO: Single Room Occupancy TDM: Transportation Demand Management TDR: Transfer of Development Rights TSM: Transportation Systems Management UBC: Uniform Building Code UHC: Uniform Housing Code UMTA: Urban Mass Transportation Administration VMT: Vehicle Miles Traveled Page 1 California General Plan Glossary Acceptable Risk A hazard deemed to be a tolerable exposure to danger given the expected benefits to be obtained. Different levels of acceptable risk may be assigned according to the potential danger and the criticalness of the threatened structure. The levels may range from "near zero"for nuclear plants and natural gas transmission lines to"moderate"for open space,ranches and low-intensity warehouse uses. Access/Egress The ability to enter a site from a roadway and exit a site onto a roadway by motorized vehicle. Acres,Gross The entire acreage of a site. Most communities calculate gross acreage to the centerline of proposed bounding streets and to the edge of the right-of-way of existing or dedicated streets. Acres,Net The portion of a site that can actually be built upon. The following generally are not included in the net acreage of a site:public or private road rights-of-way,public open space,and flood ways. Active Solar System A system that uses a mechanical device,such as pumps or fans run by electricity in addition to solar energy,to transport air or water between a solar collector and the interior of a building for heating or cooling. (See"Passive Solar System.") Adaptive Reuse The conversion of obsolescent or historic buildings from their original or most recent use to a new use. For example, the conversion of former hospital or school buildings to residential use,or the conversion of an historic single-family home to office use. Adverse Impact A negative consequence for the physical,social,or economic environment resulting from an action or project. Affordability Requirements Provisions established by a public agency to require that a specific percentage of housing units in a project or development remain affordable to very low-and low-income households for a specified period. Affordable Housing Housing capable of being purchased or rented by a household with very low, low,or moderate income,based on a household's ability to make monthly payments necessary to obtain housing. Housing is considered affordable when a household pays less than 30 percent of its gross monthly income (GMI) for housing including utilities. Agency The governmental entity,department,office,or administrative unit responsible for carrying out regulations. Agricultural Preserve Land designated for agriculture or conservation. (See"Williamson Act.") Agriculture Use of land for the production of food and fiber,including the growing of crops and/or the grazing of animals on natural prime or improved pasture land. Agriculture-related Business Feed mills, dairy supplies, poultry processing, creameries, auction yards, veterinarians and other businesses supporting local agriculture. Air Pollution Concentrations of substances found in the atmosphere that exceed naturally occurring quantities and are undesirable or harmful in some way. Air Rights The right granted by a property owner to a buyer to use space above an existing right-of-way or other site,usually for development. Airport-related Use A use that supports airport operations including,but not limited to,aircraft repair and maintenance,flight instruction,and aircraft chartering. Alley A narrow service way,either public or private,which provides a permanently reserved but secondary means of public access not intended for general traffic circulation. Alleys typically are located along rear property lines. Alluvial Soils deposited by stream action. Alquist-Priolo Act, Seismic Hazard Zone A seismic hazard zone designated by the State of California within which specialized geologic investigations must be prepared prior to approval of certain new development. Ambient Surrounding on all sides; used to describe measurements of existing conditions with respect to traffic, noise, air and other environments. California General Plan Glossary Page 2 Annex,v. To incorporate a land area into an existing district or municipality,with a resulting change in the boundaries of the annexing jurisdiction. Apartment (1) One or more rooms of a building used as a place to live,in a building containing at least one other unit used for the same purpose. (2)A separate suite,not owner occupied,which includes kitchen facilities and is designed for and rented as the home, residence,or sleeping place of one or more persons living as a single housekeeping unit. Approach Zone The air space at each end of a landing strip that defines the glide path or approach path of an aircraft and that should be free from obstruction. Appropriate An act,condition,or state that is considered suitable. Aquifer An underground,water-bearing layer of earth,porous rock,sand,or gravel,through which water can seep or be held in natural storage. Aquifers generally hold sufficient water to be used as a water supply. Arable Land capable of being cultivated for farming. Archaeological Relating to the material remains of past human life,culture,or activities. Architectural Control;Architectural Review Regulations and procedures requiring the exterior design of structures to be suitable,harmonious,and in keeping with the general appearance,historic character,and/or style of surrounding areas. A process used to exercise control over the design of buildings and their settings. (See"Design Review.") Area;Area Median Income As used in State of California housing law with respect to income eligibility limits established by the U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),"area"means metropolitan area or non-metropolitan county. In non-metropolitan areas,the "area median income"is the higher of the county median family income or the statewide non-metropolitan median family income. Arterial Medium-speed(30-40 mph),medium-capacity(10,000-35,000 average daily trips)roadway that provides intra-community travel and access to the county-wide highway system. Access to community arterials should be provided at collector roads and local streets,but direct access from parcels to existing arterials is common. Artesian An aquifer in which water is confined under pressure between layers of impermeable material. Wells tapping into an artesian stratum will flow naturally without the use of pumps. (See"Aquifer.") Article 34 Referendum Article 34 of the Constitution of the State of California requires passage of a referendum within a city or county for approval of the development or acquisition of a publicly financed housing project where more than 49 percent of the units are set aside for low-income households. Articulation Variation in the depth of the building plane,roof line,or height of a structure that breaks up plain,monotonous areas and creates patterns of light and shadow. Assessment District (See"Benefit Assessment District.") Assisted Housing Generally multi-family rental housing,but sometimes single-family ownership units,whose construction,financing,sales prices, or rents have been subsidized by federal,state,or local housing programs including,but not limited to Federal Section 8 (new construction,substantial rehabilitation,and loan management set-asides),Federal Sections 213,236,and 202,Federal Section 221(d)(3) (below-market interest rate program),Federal Section 101 (rent supplement assistance),CDBG,FmHA Section 515, multi-family mortgage revenue bond programs,local redevelopment and in lieu fee programs,and units developed pursuant to local inclusionary housing and density bonus programs. By January 1, 1992,all California Housing Elements are required to address the preservation or replacement of assisted housing that is eligible to change to market rate housing by 2002. Auto Mall A single location that provides sales space and centralized services for a number of automobile dealers,and which may include such related services as auto insurance dealers and credit institutions that provide financing opportunities. Automobile-intensive Use A use of a retail area that depends on exposure to continuous auto traffic. Base Flood In any given year,a 100-year flood that has 1 percent likelihood of occurring,and is recognized as a standard for acceptable risk. Page 3 California General Plan Glossary Baylands Areas along a bay that are permanently wet or periodically covered with shallow water,such as saltwater and freshwater marshes, open or closed brackish marshes,swamps,mudflats,and fans. Bed and Breakfast Usually a dwelling unit,but sometimes a small hotel,which provides lodging and breakfast for temporary overnight occupants,for compensation. Below-market-rate (BMR) Housing Unit (1)Any housing unit specifically priced to be sold or rented to low-or moderate-income households for an amount less than the fair-market value of the unit. Both the State of California and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development set standards for determining which households qualify as"low income"or"moderate income." (2)The financing of housing at less than prevailing interest rates. Benefit Assessment District An area within a public agency's boundaries that receives a special benefit from the construction of one or more public facilities. A Benefit Assessment District has no legal life of its own and cannot act by itself. It is strictly a financing mechanism for providing public infrastructure as allowed under the Streets And Highways Code. Bonds may be issued to finance the improvements,subject to repayment by assessments charged against the benefitting properties.Creation of a Benefit Assessment District enables property owners in a specific area to cause the construction of public facilities or to maintain them(for example,a downtown,or the grounds and landscaping of a specific area) by contributing their fair share of the construction and/or installation and operating costs. Bicycle Lane (Class II facility) A corridor expressly reserved for bicycles,existing on a street or roadway in addition to any lanes for use by motorized vehicles. Bicycle Path (Class I facility) A paved route not on a street or roadway and expressly reserved for bicycles traversing an otherwise unpaved area. Bicycle paths may parallel roads but typically are separated from them by landscaping. Bicycle Route (Class III facility) A facility shared with motorists and identified only by signs,a bicycle route has no pavement markings or lane stripes. Bikeways A term that encompasses bicycle lanes,bicycle paths,and bicycle routes. Biomass Plant material,used for the production of such things as fuel alcohol and non-chemical fertilizers. Biomass sources may be plants grown especially for that purpose or waste products from livestock, harvesting, milling, or from agricultural production or processing. Biotic Community A group of living organisms characterized by a distinctive combination of both animal and plant species in a particular habitat. Blight A condition of a site,structure,or area that may cause nearby buildings and/or areas to decline in attractiveness and/or utility. The Community Redevelopment Law (Health and Safety Code,Sections 33031 and 33032)contains a definition of blight used to determine eligibility of proposed redevelopment project areas. Bond An interest-bearing promise to pay a stipulated sum of money,with the principal amount due on a specific date. Funds raised through the sale of bonds can be used for various public purposes. Buffer Zone An area of land separating two distinct land uses that acts to soften or mitigate the effects of one land use on the other. Building Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. Building Height The vertical distance from the average contact ground level of a building to the highest point of the coping of a flat roof or to the deck line of a mansard roof or to the mean height level between eaves and ridge for a gable, hip,or gambrel roof. The exact definition varies by community. For example,in some communities building height is measured to the highest point of the roof, not including elevator and cooling towers. Buildout;Build-out Development of land to its full potential or theoretical capacity as permitted under current or proposed planning or zoning designations. (See"Carrying Capacity (3).") Business Services A subcategory of commercial land use that permits establishments primarily engaged in rendering services to other business .establishments on a fee or contract basis, such as advertising and mailing; building maintenance; personnel and employment services; management and consulting services; protective services; equipment rental and leasing; photo finishing; copying and printing;travel;office supply;and similar services. Busway A vehicular right-of-way or portion thereof--often an exclusive lane--reserved exclusively for buses. California General Plan Glossary Page 4 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) A State law requiring State and local agencies to regulate activities with consideration for environmental protection. If a proposed activity has the potential for a significant adverse environmental impact,an Environmental Impact Report(EIR)must be prepared and certified as to its adequacy before taking action on the proposed project. General Plans require the preparation of a"program EIR." California Housing Finance Agency (CHFA) A State agency,established by the Housing and Home Finance Act of 1975,which is authorized to sell revenue bonds and generate funds for the development,rehabilitation,and conservation of low-and moderate-income housing. Caltrans California Department of Transportation. Capital Improvements Program (CIP) A program,administered by a city or county government and reviewed by its planning commission,which schedules permanent improvements,usually for a minimum of five years in the future,to fit the projected fiscal capability of the local jurisdiction. The program generally is reviewed annually,for conformance to and consistency with the general plan. Carbon Dioxide A colorless,odorless,non-poisonous gas that is a normal part of the atmosphere. Carbon Monoxide A colorless,odorless,highly poisonous gas produced by automobiles and other machines with internal combustion engines that imperfectly burn fossil fuels such as oil and gas. Carrying Capacity Used in determining the potential of an area to absorb development: (1) Thelevel of land use,human activity,or development for a specific area that can be accommodated permanently without an irreversible change in the quality of air,water,land,or plant and animal habitats. (2) The upper limits of development beyond which the quality of human life, health, welfare, safety, or community character within an area will be impaired. (3)The maximum level of development allowable under current zoning. (See"Buildout.") Caulking A waterproof compound or material used to stop up and make tight against leakage (as the cracks in a window frame). Census The official decennial enumeration of the population conducted by the federal government. Central Business District (CBD) The major commercial downtown center of a community.General guidelines for delineating a downtown area are defined by the U.S.Census of Retail Trade,with specific boundaries being set by the local municipality. Channelization (1)The straightening and/or deepening of a watercourse for purposes of storm-runoff control or ease of navigation. Channelization often includes lining of stream banks with a retaining material such as concrete. (2) At the intersection of roadways, the directional separation of traffic lanes through the use of curbs or raised islands that limit the paths that vehicles may take through the intersection. Character Special physical characteristics of a structure or area that set it apart from its surroundings and contribute to its individuality. Circulation Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan,it contains adopted goals,policies,and implementation programs for the planning and management of existing and proposed thoroughfares,transportation routes,and terminals,as well as local public utilities and facilities,all correlated with the land use element of the general plan. City City with a capital"C"generally refers to the government or administration of a city.City with a lower case"c"may mean any city or may refer to the geographical area of a city (e.g.,the city bikeway system.) Clear Zone That section of an approach zone of an airport where the plane defining the glide path is 50 feet or less above the center-line of the runway.The clear zone ends where the height of the glide path above ground level is above 50 feet. Land use under the clear zone is restricted. Clustered Development Development in which a number of dwelling units are placed in closer proximity than usual,or are attached,with the purpose of retaining an open space area. Cogeneration The harnessing of heat energy,that normally would be wasted,to generate electricity--usually through the burning of waste. Collector Relatively-low-speed(25-30 mph),relatively-low-volume(5,000-20,000 average daily trips)street that provides circulation within and between neighborhoods. Collectors usually serve short trips and are intended for collecting trips from local streets and distributing them to the arterial network. Page 5 California General Plan Glossary Combined Sewer/Combination Sewer A sewerage system that carries both sanitary sewage and stormwater runoff. Commercial A land use classification that permits facilities for the buying and selling of commodities and services. Community Care Facility Elderly housing licensed by the State Health and Welfare Agency,Department of Social Services,typically for residents who are frail and need supervision. Services normally include three meals daily,housekeeping,security and emergency response,a full activities program,supervision in the dispensing of medicine,personal services such as assistance in grooming and bathing,but no nursing care. Sometimes referred to as residential care or personal care. (See"Congregate Care.") Community Child Care Agency A nonprofit agency established to organize community resources for the development and improvement of child care services. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) A grant program administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) on a formula basis for entitlement communities, and by the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for non-entitled jurisdictions. This grant allots money to cities and counties for housing rehabilitation and community development,including public facilities and economic development. Community Facilities District Under the Mello-Roos Community Facilities Act of 1982 (Government Code Section 53311 et seq),a legislative body may create within its jurisdiction a special district that can issue tax-exempt bonds for the planning,design,acquisition,construction,and/or operation of public facilities,as well as provide public services to district residents. Special tax assessments levied by the district are used to repay the bonds. Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) A 24-hour energy equivalent level derived from a variety of single-noise events,with weighting factors of 5 and 10 dBA applied to the evening(7 PM to 10 PM)and nighttime (10 PM to 7 AM)periods,respectively,to allow for the greater sensitivity to noise during these hours. Community Park Land with full public access intended to provide recreation opportunities beyond those supplied by neighborhood parks. Community parks are larger in scale than neighborhood parks but smaller than regional parks. Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA) A local agency created under California Redevelopment Law,or a local legislative body that has elected to exercise the powers granted to such an agency, for the purpose of planning, developing,re-planning, redesigning, clearing, reconstructing, and/or rehabilitating all or part of a specified area with residential,commercial,industrial,and/or public(including recreational)structures and facilities. The redevelopment agency's plans must be compatible with adopted community general plans. Community Service Area A geographic subarea of a city or county used for the planning and delivery of parks,recreation,and other human services based on an assessment of the service needs of the population in that subarea. Commute-shed The area from which people do or might commute from their homes to a specific workplace destination,given specific assumptions about maximum travel time or distance. Comparison Goods Retail goods for which consumers will do comparison shopping before making a purchase. These goods tend to have a style factor and to be"larger ticket"items such as clothes,furniture,appliances and automobiles. Compatible Capable of existing together without conflict or ill effects. Composting The treatment of solid organic refuse through aerobic,biologic decomposition. Condominium A structure of two or more units,the interior spaces of which are individually owned;the balance of the property(both land and building) is owned in common by the owners of the individual units. (See"Townhouse.") Congestion Management Plan (CMP) A mechanism employing growth management techniques,including traffic level of service requirements, standards for public transit, trip reduction programs involving transportation systems management and jobs/housing balance strategies, and capital improvement programming,for the purpose of controlling and/or reducing the cumulative regional traffic impacts of development. AB 1791,effective August 1, 1990,requires all cities,and counties that include urbanized areas,to adopt by December 1, 1991, and annually update a Congestion Management Plan. Congregate Care Apartment housing, usually for seniors, in a group setting that includes independent living and sleeping accommodations in conjunction with shared dining and recreational facilities. (See"Community Care Facility.") California General Plan Glossary Page 6 Conservation The management of natural resources to prevent waste,destruction,or neglect.The state mandates that a Conservation Element be included in the general plan. Conservation Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan,it contains adopted goals,policies,and implementation programs for the conservation,development, and use of natural resources including water and its hydraulic force,forests,soils,rivers and other waters,harbors,fisheries,wildlife,minerals,and other natural resources. Consistent Free from variation or contradiction. Programs in the General Plan are to be consistent,not contradictory or preferential. State law requires consistency between a general plan and implementation measures such as the zoning ordinance. Convenience Goods Retail items generally necessary or desirable for everyday living,usually purchased at a convenient nearby location. Because these goods cost relatively little compared to income,they are often purchased without comparison shopping. Conveyance Tax A tax imposed on the sale,lease,or transfer of real property. Cordon Count A measurement of all travel (usually vehicle trips, but sometimes person trips) in and out of a defined area (around which a "cordon"is drawn). County County with a capital"C"generally refers to the government or administration of a county. County with a lower case"c"may mean any county or may refer to the geographical area of a county (e.g., the county road system). Covenants, Conditions,and Restrictions (CC&Rs) A term used to describe restrictive limitations that may be placed on property and its use,and which usually are made a condition of holding title or lease. Criterion A standard upon which a judgment or decision may be based. (See"Standards.") Critical Facility Facilities housing or serving many people,which are necessary in the event of an earthquake or flood,such as hospitals,fire,police, and emergency service facilities, utility "lifeline" facilities, such as water, electricity, and gas supply, sewage disposal, and communications and transportation facilities. Cul-de-sac A short street or alley with only a single means of ingress and egress at one end and with a large turnaround at its other end. Cumulative Impact As used in CEQA,the total impact resulting from the accumulated impacts of individual projects or programs over time. dB Decibel; a unit used to express the relative intensity of a sound as it is heard by the human ear. dBA The "A-weighted"scale for measuring sound in decibels; weighs or reduces the effects of low and high frequencies in order to simulate human hearing. Every increase of 10 dBA doubles the perceived loudness though the noise is actually ten times more intense. Dedication The turning over by an owner or developer of private land for public use, and the acceptance of land for such use by the governmental agency having iunsdiction over the public function for which it will be used. Dedications for roads,parks,school sites,or other public use.often arc made conditions for approval of a development by a city or county. Dedication,In lieu of Cash payments that may be required of an owner or developer as a substitute for a dedication of land,usually calculated in dollars per lot,and referred to as in lieu fees or in lieu contributions. Defensible space (1)In fire-fighting and prevention,a 30-foot area of non-combustible surfaces separating urban and wildland areas. (2) In urban areas,open spaces,entry points,and pathways configured to provide maximum opportunities to rightful users and/or residents to defend themselves against intruders and criminal activity. Density,Residential The number of permanent residential dwelling units per acre of land. Densities specified in the General Plan may be expressed in units per gross acre or per net developable acre. (See"Acres,Gross,"and"Developable Acres,Net.") Density Bonus The allocation of development rights that allow a parcel to accommodate additional square footage or additional residential units beyond the maximum for which the parcel is zoned,usually in exchange for the provision or preservation of an amenity at the same site or at another location. Under California law,a housing development that provides 20 percent of its units for lower income households,or 10 percent of its units for very low-income households,or 50 percent of its units for seniors,is entitled to a density bonus. (See"Development Rights,Transfer of.") Page 7 California General Plan Glossary Density, Control of A limitation on the occupancy of land. Density can be controlled through zoning in the following ways: use restrictions,minimum lot-size requirements,floor area ratios,land use-intensity ratios,setback and yard requirements,minimum house-size requirements, ratios comparing number and types of housing units to land area,limits on units per acre,and other means. Allowable density often serves as the major distinction between residential districts. Density,Employment A measure of the number of employed persons per specific area (for example,employees/acre). Density Transfer A way of retaining open space by concentrating densities—usually in compact areas adjacent to existing urbanization and utilities—while leaving unchanged historic,sensitive,or hazardous areas. In some jurisdictions,for example,developers can buy development rights of properties targeted for public open space and transfer the additional density to the base number of units permitted in the zone in which they propose to develop. Design Review;Design Control The comprehensive evaluation of a development and its impact on neighboring properties and the community as a whole,from the standpoint of site and landscape design,architecture,materials,colors,lighting,and signs,in accordance with a set of adopted criteria and standards."Design Control"requires that certain specific things be done and that other things not be done. Design Control language is most often found within a zoning ordinance. "Design Review"usually refers to a system set up outside of the zoning ordinance,whereby projects are reviewed against certain standards and criteria by a specially established design review board or committee. (See"Architectural Control.") Destination Retail Retail businesses that generate a special purpose trip and that do not necessarily benefit from a high-volume pedestrian location. Detachment Withdrawal of territory from a special district or city. Detention Basin Dams may be classified according to the broad function they serve,such as storage,diversion,or detention. Detention dams are constructed to retard flood runoff and minimize the effect of sudden floods. Detention dams fall into two main types. In one type, the water is temporarily stored,and released through an outlet structure at a rate which will not exceed the carrying capacity of the channel downstream. Often,the basins are planted with grass and used for open space or recreation in periods of dry weather. The other type,most often called a Retention Pond,allows for water to be held as long as possible and may or may not allow for the controlled release of water. In some cases, the water is allowed to seep into the permeable banks or gravel strata in the foundation. This latter type is sometimes called a Water-Spreading Dam or Dike because its main purpose is to recharge the underground water supply. Detention dams are also constructed to trap sediment. These are often called Debris Dams. Developable Acres,Net The portion of a site that can be used for density calculations. Some communities calculate density based on gross acreage. Public or private road rights-of-way are not included in the net developable acreage of a site. Developable Land Land that is suitable as a location for structures and that can be developed free of hazards to, and without disruption of, or significant impact on,natural resource areas. Developer An individual who or business that prepares raw land for the construction of buildings or causes to be built physical building space for use primarily by others,and in which the preparation of the land or the creation of the building space is in itself a business and is not incidental to another business or activity. Development The physical extension and/or construction of urban land uses. Development activities include:subdivision of land;construction or alteration of structures,roads,utilities, and other facilities;installation of septic systems;grading;deposit of refuse,debris,or fill materials; and clearing of natural vegetative cover (with the exception of agricultural activities). Routine repair and maintenance activities are exempted. Development Fee (See"Impact Fee.") Development Rights The right to develop land by a land owner who maintains fee-simple ownership over the land or by a party other than the owner who has obtained the rights to develop. Such rights usually are expressed in terms of density allowed under existing zoning. For example,one development right may equal one unit of housing or may equal a specific number of square feet of gross floor area in one or more specified zone districts. (See"Interest,Fee"and"Interest,Less-than-fee,"and"Development Rights,Transfer of [TDR].") Development Rights,Transfer of(TDR) Also known as"Transfer of Development Credits,"a program that can relocate potential development from areas where proposed land use or environmental impacts are considered undesirable (the"donor"site) to another ("receiver") site chosen on the basis of its ability to accommodate additional units of development beyond that for which it was zoned,with minimal environmental, social,and aesthetic impacts. (See"Development Rights.") California General Plan Glossary Page 8 Discourage, v. To advise or persuade to refrain from. Discretionary Decision As used in CEQA,an action taken by a governmental agency that calls for the exercise of judgment in deciding whether to approve and/or how to carry out a project. Dissolution Elimination of a special district; the opposite of formation. Distribution Use (See"Warehousing Use.") District (1)An area of a city or county that has a unique character identifiable as different from surrounding areas because of distinctive architecture,streets,geographic features,culture,landmarks, activities,or land uses. (2) A portion of the territory of a city or county within which uniform zoning regulations and requirements apply; a zone. Diversion The direction of water in a stream away from its natural course (i.e.,as in a diversion that removes water from a stream for human use). Diversity Differences among otherwise similar elements that give them unique forms and qualities.E.g.,housing diversity can be achieved by differences in unit size, tenure,or cost. Duet A detached building designed for occupation as the residence of two families living independently of each other,with each family living area defined by separate fee title ownership. Duplex A detached building under single ownership that is designed for occupation as the residence of two families living independently of each other. Dwelling Unit A room or group of rooms (including sleeping,eating,cooking,and sanitation facilities,but not more than one kitchen),which constitutes an independent housekeeping unit,occupied or intended for occupancy by one household on a long-term basis. Easement Usually the right to use property owned by another for specific purposes or to gain access to another property. For example,utility companies often have easements on the private property of individuals to be able to install and maintain utility facilities. Easement,Conservation A tool for acquiring open space with less than full-fee purchase,whereby a public agency buys only certain specific rights from the land owner. These may be positive rights(providing the public with the opportunity to hunt,fish,hike,or ride over the land),or they may be restrictive rights (limiting the uses to which the land owner may devote the land in the future.) Easement, Scenic A tool that allows a public agency to use an owner's land for scenic enhancement, such as roadside landscaping or vista preservation. Ecology The interrelationship of living things to one another and their environment; the study of such interrelationships. Economic Base Economic Base theory essentially holds that the structure of the economy is made up of two broad classes of productive effort—basic activities that produce and distribute goods and services for export to firms and individuals outside a defined localized economic area,and nonbasic activities whose goods and services are consumed at home within the boundaries of the local economic area. Viewed another way,basic activity exports goods and services and brings new dollars into the area;non-basic activity recirculates dollars within the area. This distinction holds that the reason for the growth of a particular region is its capacity to provide the means of payment for raw materials,food,and services that the region cannot produce itself and also support the nonbasic activities that are principally local in productive scope and market area. (See"Industry,Basic"and"Industry,Non-basic.") Economic Development Commission (EDC) An agency charged with seeking economic development projects and economic expansion at higher employment densities. Ecosystem An interacting system formed by a biotic community and its physical environment. Elderly Housing Typically one-and two-bedroom apartments or condominiums designed to meet the needs of persons 62 years of age and older or,if more than 150 units,persons 55 years of age and older,and restricted to occupancy by them. (See"Congregate Care.") Emergency Shelter A facility that provides immediate and short-term housing and supplemental services for the homeless. Shelters come in many sizes,but an optimum size is considered to be 20 to 40 beds. Supplemental services may include food,counseling,and access to other social programs. (See"Homeless"and"Transitional Housing.") Page 9 California General Plan Glossary Eminent Domain The right of a public entity to acquire private property for public use by condemnation,and the payment of just compensation. Emission Standard The maximum amount of pollutant legally permitted to be discharged from a single source,either mobile or stationary. Encourage, v. To stimulate or foster a particular condition through direct or indirect action by the private sector or government agencies. Endangered Species A species of animal or plant is considered to be endangered when its prospects for survival and reproduction are in immediate jeopardy from one or more causes. Energy Benefit,Net The difference between the energy produced and the energy required for production,including the indirect energy consumed in the manufacture and delivery of components. Enhance,v. To improve existing conditions by increasing the quantity or quality of beneficial uses or features. Environment CEQA defines environment as"the physical conditions which exist within the area which will be affected by a proposed project, including land,air,water,mineral,flora,fauna,noise,and objects of historic or aesthetic significance." Environmental Impact Report (EIR) A report required of general plans by the California Environmental Quality Act and which assesses all the environmental characteristics of an area and determines what effects or impacts will result if the area is altered or disturbed by a proposed action. (See"California Environmental Quality Act.") Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Under the National Environmental Policy Act,a statement on the effect of development proposals and other major actions that significantly affect the environment. Erosion (1)The loosening and transportation of rock and soil debris by wind,rain,or running water. (2)The gradual wearing away of the upper layers of earth. Exaction A contribution or payment required as an authorized precondition for receiving a development permit;usually refers to mandatory dedication (or fee in lieu of dedication) requirements found in many subdivision regulations. Expansive Soils Soils that swell when they absorb water and shrink as they dry. Export-employment Use An activity that produces and/or distributes goods and services for export to firms and individuals outside of the city(or county). (See Economic Base.) Expressway A divided multi-lane major arterial street for through traffic with partial control of access and with grade separations at major intersections. Fair Market Rent The rent, including utility allowances, determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development for purposes of administering the Section 8 Existing Housing Program. Family (1) Two or more persons related by birth,marriage,or adoption [U.S. Bureau of the Census]. (2) An individual or a group of persons living together who constitute a bona fide single-family housekeeping unit in a dwelling unit,not including a fraternity, sorority,club,or other group of persons occupying a hotel,lodging house or institution of any kind [California]. Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) A federal agency providing loans and grants for improvement projects and low-income housing in rural areas. Farmland Refers to eight classifications of land mapped by the U.S.Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service. The five agricultural classifications defined below -- except Grazing Land -- do not include publicly owned lands for which there is an adopted policy preventing agricultural use. Prime Farmland Land which has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for the production of crops. It has the soil quality,growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce sustained high yields of crops when treated and managed, including water management,according to current farming methods. Prime Farmland must have been used for the production of irrigated crops within the last three years. Farmland of Statewide Importance Land other than Prime Farmland which has a good combination of physical and chemical characteristics for the production of crops. It must have been used for the production of irrigated crops within the last three years. California General Plan Glossary Page 10 Unique Farmland Land which does not meet the criteria for Prime Farmland or Farmland of Statewide Importance,that is currently used for the production of specific high economic value crops. It has the special combination of soil quality,location,growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce sustained high quality or high yields of a specific crop when treated and managed according to current farming methods. Examples of such crops may include oranges,olives,avocados,rice,grapes,and cut flowers. Farmland of Local Importance Land other than Prime Farmland,Farmland of Statewide Importance,or Unique Farmland that is either currently producing crops,or that has the capability of production. This land may be important to the local economy due to its productivity. Grazing Land Land on which the existing vegetation,whether grown naturally or through management,is suitable for grazing or browsing of livestock. This classification does not include land previously designated as Prime Farmland, Farmland of Statewide Importance,Unique Farmland,or Farmland of Local Importance,and heavily brushed,timbered,excessively steep,or rocky lands which restrict the access and movement of livestock. Fast-Food Restaurant Any retail establishment intended primarily to provide short-order food services for on-site dining and/or take-out,including self- serve restaurants (excluding cafeterias where food is consumed on the premises),drive-in restaurants, and formula restaurants required by contract or other arrangement to offer standardized menus,ingredients,and fast-food preparation. Fault A fracture in the earth's crust forming a boundary between rock masses that have shifted. Feasible Capable of being done, executed, or managed successfully from the standpoint of the physical and/or financial abilities of the implementer(s). Feasible,Technically Capable of being implemented because the industrial,mechanical,or application technology exists. Field Act Legislation, passed after a 1933 Long Beach earthquake that collapsed a school, that established more stringent structural requirements and standards for construction of schools than for other buildings. Finding(s) The result(s)of an investigation and the basis upon which decisions are made. Findings are used by government agents and bodies to justify action taken by the entity. Fire Hazard Zone An area where, due to slope, fuel, weather, or other fire-related conditions, the potential loss of life and property from a fire necessitates special fire protection measures and planning before development occurs. Fire-resistive Able to withstand specified temperatures for a certain period of time,such as a one-hour fire wall;not fireproof. Fiscal Impact Analysis A projection of the direct public costs and revenues resulting from population or employment change to the local jurisdiction(s) in which the change is taking place. Enables local governments to evaluate relative fiscal merits of general plans,specific plans, or utects. Fiscal ;:.apact Report (FIR) A:port projecting the public costs and revenues that will result from a proposed program or development. (See"Fiscal Impact Analysis.") Flood, 100-Year The magnitude of a flood expected to occur on the average every 100 years,based on historical data. The 100-year flood has a 1/100,or one percent,chance of occurring in any given year. Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) For each community,the official map on which the Federal Insurance Administration has delineated areas of special flood hazard and the risk premium zones applicable to that community. Flood Plain The relatively level land area on either side of the banks of a stream regularly subject to flooding. That part of the flood plain subject to a one percent chance of flooding in any given year is designated as an"area of special flood hazard"by the Federal Insurance Administration. Flood Plain Fringe All land between the floodway and the upper elevation of the 100-year flood. Floodway The channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the"base flood" without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than one foot. No development is allowed in floodways. Page 11 California General Plan Glossary Floor Area Ratio (FAR) The gross floor area permitted on a site divided by the total net area of the site,expressed in decimals to one or two places. For example,on a site with 10,000 net sq.ft.of land area, a Floor Area Ratio of 1.0 will allow a maximum of 10,000 gross sq.ft.of building floor area to be built. On the same site,an FAR of 1.5 would allow 15,000 sq.ft.of floor area;an FAR of 2.0 would allow 20,000 sq.ft.;and an FAR of 0.5 would allow only 5,000 sq.ft. Also commonly used in zoning,FARs typically are applied on a parcel-by-parcel basis as opposed to an average FAR for an entire land use or zoning district. Footprint;Building Footprint The outline of a building at all of those points where it meets the ground. Freeway A high-speed,high-capacity,limited-access transportation facility serving regional and county-wide travel. Such roads are free of tolls, as contrasted with"turnpikes" or other"toll roads" that are now being introduced into Southern California. Freeways generally are used for long trips between major land use generators. At Level of Service "E," they carry approximately 1,875 vehicles per lane per hour,in both directions. Major streets cross at a different grade level. Freeway A high-speed,high-capacity,limited-access transportation facility serving regional and county-wide travel. Such roads are free of tolls, as contrasted with "turnpikes"or other"toll roads" that are now being introduced into Southern California. Freeways generally are used for long trips between major land use generators. At Level of Service "E," they carry approximately 1,875 vehicles per lane per hour,in both directions. Major streets cross at a different grade level. Friction Factor Constraint applied in a traffic model to introduce an approximation of conditions that exist on streets in a city or county. These conditions reduce the speed of traffic and the desirability of specific links in the network upon which the traffic model distributes trips. Examples are frequency of low-speed curves, frequency of driveways, narrowness of lanes, and lack of turning lanes at intersections. Gateway A point along a roadway entering a city or county at which a motorist gains a sense of having left the environs and of having entered the city or county. General Plan A compendium of city or county policies regarding its long-term development,in the form of maps and accompanying text. The General Plan is a legal document required of each local agency by the State of California Government Code Section 65301 and adopted by the City Council or Board of Supervisors. In California, the General Plan has 7 mandatory elements (Circulation, Conservation, Housing, Land Use, Noise, Open Space, Safety and Seismic Safety) and may include any number of optional elements (such as Air Quality,Economic Development,Hazardous Waste,and Parks and Recreation). The General Plan may also be called a"City Plan,""Comprehensive Plan,"or"Master Plan." Geologic Review The analysis of geologic hazards,including all potential seismic hazards,surface ruptures,liquefaction,landsliding,mudsliding,and the potential for erosion and sedimentation. Geological Pertaining to rock or solid matter. Goal A general,overall,and ultimate purpose,aim,or end toward which the City or County will direct effort. Granny Flat (See"Second Unit.") Grasslands Land reserved for pasturing or mowing,in which grasses are the predominant vegetation. Greenhouse Effect A term used to describe the warming of the Earth's atmosphere due to accumulated carbon dioxide and other gases in the upper atmosphere. These gases absorb energy radiated from the Earth's surface,"trapping"it in the same manner as glass in a greenhouse traps heat. Groundwater Water under the earth's surface,often confined to aquifers capable of supplying wells and springs. Groundwater Recharge The natural process of infiltration and percolation of rainwater from land areas or streams through permeable soils into water- holding rocks that provide underground storage ("aquifers"). Group Quarters A residential living arrangement,other than the usual house,apartment,or mobile home,in which two or more unrelated persons share living quarters and cooking facilities. Institutional group quarters include nursing homes, orphanages, and prisons. Non-institutional group quarters include dormitories,shelters,and large boardinghouses. California General Plan Glossary Page 12 Growth Management The use by a community of a wide range of techniques in combination to determine the amount,type,and rate of development desired by the community and to channel that growth into designated areas. Growth management policies can be implemented through growth rates,zoning,capital improvement programs,public facilities ordinances,urban limit lines,standards for levels of service,and other programs. (See"Congestion Management Plan.") Guidelines General statements of policy direction around which specific details may be later established. Guideway A roadway system that guides the vehicles using it as well as supporting them. The "monorail"is one such system. The most familiar and still most used guideway is the railroad. Most guideway transit systems make use of wayside electrical power for propulsion. Habitat The physical location or type of environment in which an organism or biological population lives or occurs. Handicapped A person determined to have a physical impairment or mental disorder expected to be of long or indefinite duration. Many such impairments or disorders are of such a nature that a person's ability to live independently can be improved by appropriate housing conditions. Hazardous Material Any substance that,because of its quantity,concentration,or physical or chemical characteristics,poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if released into the workplace or the environment. The term includes,but is not limited to,hazardous substances and hazardous wastes. High-Occupancy Structure All pre-1935 buildings with over 25 occupants,and all pre-1976 buildings with more than 100 occupants. High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Any vehicle other than a driver-only automobile (e.g.,a vanpool,a bus,or two or more persons to a car). Highway High-speed,high-capacity,limited-access transportation facility serving regional and county-wide travel. Highways may cross at a different grade level. Hillsides Land that has an average percent of slope equal to or exceeding fifteen percent. An historic building or site is one that is noteworthy for its significance in local,state,or national history or culture,its architecture or design,or its works of art,memorabilia,or artifacts. Historic Preservation The preservation of historically significant structures and neighborhoods until such time as,and in order to facilitate,restoration and rehabilitation of the building(s) to a former condition. Home Occupation A commercial activity conducted solely by the occupants of a particular dwelling unit in a manner incidental to residential occupancy. Homeless Persons and families who lack a fixed,regular,and adequate nighttime residence. Includes those staying in temporary or emergency shelters or who are accommodated with friends or others with the understanding that shelter is being provided as a last resort. California Housing Element law,Section 65583(c)(1)requires all cities and counties to address the housing needs of the homeless. (See"Emergency Shelter"and"Transitional Housing.") Hotel A facility in which guest rooms or suites are offered to the general public for lodging with or without meals and for compensation, and where no provision is made for cooking in any individual guest room or suite. (See"Motel.") Household All those persons--related or unrelated--who occupy a single housing unit. (See"Family.") Householder The head of a household. Households,Number of The count of all year-round housing units occupied by one or more persons.The concept of household is important because the formation of new households generates the demand for housing. Each new household formed creates the need for one additional housing unit or requires that one existing housing unit be shared by two households. Thus,household formation can continue to take place even without an increase in population,thereby increasing the demand for housing. Housing and Community Development Department of the State of California (HCD) The State agency that has principal responsibility for assessing,planning for,and assisting communities to meet the needs of low- and moderate-income households. Page 13 California General Plan Glossary Housing Authority, Local (LHA) Local housing agency established in State law,subject to local activation and operation. Originally intended to manage certain federal subsidies,but vested with broad powers to develop and manage other forms of affordable housing. Housing Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it assesses the existing and projected housing needs of all economic segments of the community,identifies potential sites adequate to provide the amount and kind of housing needed,and contains adopted goals,policies,and implementation programs for the preservation,improvement,and development of housing. Under State law,Housing Elements must be updated every five years. Housing and Urban Development,U.S.Department of(HUD) A cabinet-level department of the federal government that administers housing and community development programs. Housing Unit The place of permanent or customary abode of a person or family. A housing unit may be a single-family dwelling,a multi-family dwelling,a condominium,a modular home,a mobile home,a cooperative,or any other residential unit considered real property under State law. A housing unit has,at least,cooking facilities,a bathroom,and a place to sleep. It also is a dwelling that cannot be moved without substantial damage or unreasonable cost. (See"Dwelling Unit,""Family,"and"Household.") Hydrocarbons A family of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in various combinations. They are emitted into the atmosphere from manufacturing,storage and handling,or combustion of petroleum products and through natural processes. Certain hydrocarbons interact with nitrogen oxides in the presence of intense sunlight to form photochemical air pollution. Identity A consistent quality that makes a city,place,area,or building unique and gives it a distinguishing character. Image The mental picture or impression of a city or place taken from memory and held in common by members of the community. Impact The effect of any direct man-made actions or indirect repercussions of man-made actions on existing physical,social,or economic conditions. Impact Fee A fee,also called a development fee,levied on the developer of a project by a city,county,or other public agency as compensation for otherwise-unmitigated impacts the project will produce. California Government Code Section 66000 et seq specifies that development fees shall not exceed the estimated reasonable cost of providing the service for which the fee is charged. To lawfully impose a development fee,the public agency must verify its method of calculation and document proper restrictions on use of the fund. Impacted Areas Census tracts where more than 50 percent of the dwelling units house low-and very low-income households. Impervious Surface Surface through which water cannot penetrate,such as roof,road,sidewalk,and paved parking lot. The amount of impervious surface increases with development and establishes the need for drainage facilities to carry the increased runoff. Implementation Actions,procedures,programs,or techniques that carry out policies. Improvement The addition of one or more structures or utilities on a parcel of land. Incineration The burning of refuse at high temperatures to reduce the volume of waste. Incorporation Creation of a new city. Incubator Space Retail or industrial space that is affordable to new,low-margin businesses. Industrial The manufacture,production,and processing of consumer goods. Industrial is often divided into"heavy industrial"uses,such as construction yards, quarrying, and factories; and "light industrial" uses, such as research and development and less intensive warehousing and manufacturing. Industrial Park; Office Park A planned assemblage of buildings designed for"Workplace Use." (See"Workplace Use.") Industry,Basic The segment of economic activity that brings dollars to a region from other areas. Traditional examples are manufacturing,mining and agriculture. The products of all of these activities are exported(sold)to other regions. The money thus brought into the local economy is used to purchase locally-provided goods and services as well as items that are not available locally and that must be imported from other regions. Other, less traditional examples of basic industry are tourism,higher education, and retirement activities that also bring new money into a region. California General Plan Glossary Page 14 Industry,Non-basic The segment of economic activity that is supported by the circulation of dollars within a region. Examples are the wholesale,retail, and service functions that supply goods and services to local sources of demand such as businesses,public agencies,and households. Infill Development Development of vacant land (usually individual lots or left-over properties) within areas that are already largely developed. Infrastructure Public services and facilities,such as sewage-disposal systems,water-supply systems,other utility systems,and roads. In Lieu Fee (See"Dedication,In lieu of.") Institutional Use (1) Publicly or privately owned and operated activities that are institutional in nature,such as hospitals,museums,and schools; (2)churches and other religious organizations;and(3)other nonprofit activities of a welfare,educational,or philanthropic nature that can not be considered a residential,commercial,or industrial activity. Inter-agency Indicates cooperation between or among two or more discrete agencies in regard to a specific program. Interest,Fee Entitles a land owner to exercise complete control over use of land,subject only to government land use regulations. Interest,Less-than-fee The purchase of interest in land rather than outright ownership;includes the purchase of development rights via conservation, open space,or scenic easements. (See"Development Rights,""Easement,Scenic,""Lease,"and"Leasehold Interest.") Intermittent Stream A stream that normally flows for at least thirty (30) days after the last major rain of the season and is dry a large part of the year. Issues Important unsettled community matters or problems that are identified in a community's general plan and dealt with by the plan's goals,objectives,policies,plan proposals,and implementation programs. Jobs/Housing Balance;Jobs/Housing Ratio The availability of affordable housing for employees. The jobs/housing ratio divides the number of jobs in an area by the number of employed residents. A ratio of 1.0 indicates a balance. A ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a net in-commute; less than 1.0 indicates a net out-commute. Joint Powers Authority (JPA) A legal arrangement that enables two or more units of government to share authority in order to plan and carry out a specific program or set of programs that serves both units. Land Banking The purchase of land by a local government for use or resale at a later date. "Banked lands"have been used for development of low- and moderate-income housing, expansion of parks, and development of industrial and commercial centers. Federal rail- banking law allows railroads to bank unused rail corridors for future rail use while allowing interim use as trails. Landmark (1)A building,site,object,structure,or significant tree,having historical,architectural,social,or cultural significance and marked for preservation by the local,state,or federal government. (2) A visually prominent or outstanding structure or natural feature that functions as a point of orientation or identification. Landscaping Planting—including trees,shrubs,and ground covers—suitably designed,selected,installed,and maintained as to enhance a site or roadway permanently. Landslide A general term for a falling mass of soil or rocks. Land Use The occupation or utilization of land or water area for any human activity or any purpose defined in the General Plan. Land Use Classification A system for classifying and designating the appropriate use of properties. Land Use Element A required element of the General Plan that uses text and maps to designate the future use or reuse of land within a given jurisdiction's planning area. The land use element serves as a guide to the structuring of zoning and subdivision controls,urban renewal and capital improvements programs,and to official decisions regarding the distribution and intensity of development and the location of public facilities and open space. (See"Mandatory Element.") Land Use Regulation A term encompassing the regulation of land in general and often used to mean those regulations incorporated in the General Plan, as distinct from zoning regulations (which are more specific). Page 15 California General Plan Glossary Ld, Day-Night Average Sound Level.The A-weighted average sound level for a given area (measured in decibels)during a 24-hour period with a 10 dB weighting applied to night-time sound levels.The Ldn is approximately numerically equal to the CNEL for most environmental settings. Lease A contractual agreement by which an owner of real property (the lessor) gives the right of possession to another (a lessee) for a specified period of time (term) and for a specified consideration (rent). Leasehold Interest (1) The interest that the lessee has in the value of the lease itself in condemnation award determination. (2) The difference between the total remaining rent under the lease and the rent the lessee would currently pay for similar space for the same time period. The energy equivalent level,defined as the average sound level on the basis of sound energy (or sound pressure squared). The L,is a"dosage"type measure and is the basis for the descriptors used in current standards,such as the 24-hour CNEL used by the State of California. Level of Service (LOS) (1) A scale that measures the amount of traffic a roadway may be capable of handling on a roadway or at the intersection of roadways. Levels range from A to F,with A representing the highest level of service,as follows: Level of Service A Indicates a relatively free flow of traffic,with little or no limitation on vehicle movement or speed. Level of Service B Describes a steady flow of traffic,with only slight delays in vehicle movement and speed. All queues clear in a single signal cycle. Level of Service C Denotes a reasonably steady, high-volume flow of traffic, with some limitations on movement and speed, and occasional backups on critical approaches. Level of Service D Denotes the level where traffic nears an unstable flow. Intersections still function,but short queues develop and cars may have to wait through one cycle during short peaks. Level of Service E Describes traffic characterized by slow movement and frequent(although momentary) stoppages.This type of congestion is considered severe,but is not uncommon at peak traffic hours,with frequent stopping,long-standing queues, and blocked intersections. Level of Service F Describes unsatisfactory stop-and-go traffic characterized by "traffic jams" and stoppages of long duration. Vehicles at signalized intersections usually have to wait through one or more signal changes,and"upstream"intersections may be blocked by the long queues. (2)Some communities in California are developing standards for levels of service relating to municipal functions such as police, fire,and library service. These standards are incorporated in the General Plan or in separate"Level of Service Plans." Life-cycle Costing A method of evaluating a capital investment that takes into account the sum total of all costs associated with the investment over the lifetime of the project. Light (duty) Rail Transit (LRT) "Street cars"or"trolley cars"that typically operate entirely or substantially in mixed traffic and in non-exclusive,at-grade rights-of- way. Passengers typically board vehicles from the street level(as opposed to a platform that is level with the train)and the driver may collect fares. Vehicles are each electrically self-propelled and usually operate in one or two-car trains. Linkage With respect to jobs/housing balance,a program designed to offset the impact of employment on housing need within a community, whereby project approval is conditioned on the provision of housing units or the payment of an equivalent in-lieu fee. The linkage program must establish the cause-and-effect relationship between a new commercial or industrial development and the increased demand for housing. Liquefaction The transformation of loose water-saturated granular materials (such as sand or silt) from a solid into a liquid state. A type of ground failure that can occur during an earthquake. Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) A five-or seven-member commission within each county that reviews and evaluates all proposals for formation of special districts, incorporation of cities,annexation to special districts or cities,consolidation of districts,and merger of districts with cities. Each county's LAFCo is empowered to approve, disapprove, or conditionally approve such proposals. The five LAFCo members generally include two county supervisors, two city council members, and one member representing the general public. Some LAFCos include two representatives of special districts. California General Plan Glossary Page 16 Lot (See"Site.") Lot of Record A lot that is part of a recorded subdivision or a parcel of land that has been recorded at the county recorder's office containing property tax records. Low-income Household A household with an annual income usually no greater than 80 percent of the area median family income adjusted by household size,as determined by a survey of incomes conducted by a city or a county,or in the absence of such a survey,based on the latest available eligibility limits established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for the Section 8 housing program. (See"Area.") Low-Income Housing Tax Credits Tax reductions provided by the federal and State governments for investors in housing for low-income households. L10 A statistical descriptor indicating peak noise levels—the sound level exceeded ten percent of the time. It is a commonly used descriptor of community noise,and has been used in Federal Highway Administration standards and the standards of some cities and counties. Maintain,v. To keep in an existing state. (See"Preserve,v.") Mandatory Element A component of the General Plan mandated by State Law. California State law requires that a General Plan include elements dealing with seven subjects--circulation,conservation,housing,land use,noise,open space and safety--and specifies to various degrees the information to be incorporated in each element. (See"Land Use Element.") Manufactured Housing Residential structures that are constructed entirely in the factory,and that since June 15,1976,have been regulated by the federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 under the administration of the U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). (See"Mobile Home"and"Modular Unit.") Marsh Any area designated as marsh or swamp on the largest scale United States Geologic Survey topographic map most recently published. A marsh usually is an area periodically or permanently covered with shallow water,either fresh or saline. May That which is permissible. Mean Sea Level The average altitude of the sea surface for all tidal stages. Median Strip The dividing area,either paved or landscaped,between opposing lanes of traffic on a roadway. Mello-Roos Bonds Locally issued bonds that arc repaid by a special tax imposed on property owners within a"community facilities"district established by a governmental entity. The bond proceeds can be used for public improvements and for a limited number of services. Named after the program's legislative authors. Mercalli Intensity Scale A subjective measure of the observed effects(human reactions,structural damage,geologic effects)of an earthquake. Expressed in Roman numerals from I to XII. Merger (District) Elimination of a special distnct by transferring its service responsibilities to a city government. The merging district's territory must be totally included inside the city. Metropolitan Of,relating to,or characteristic of a large important city. Microclimate The climate of a small,distinct area,such as a city street or a building's courtyard; can be favorably altered through functional landscaping,architecture,or other design features. Mineral Resource Land on which known deposits of commercially viable mineral or aggregate deposits exist. This designation is applied to sites determined by the State Division of Mines and Geology as being a resource of regional significance, and is intended to help maintain the quarrying operations and protect them from encroachment of incompatible land uses. Minimize,v. To reduce or lessen,but not necessarily to eliminate. Mining The act or process of extracting resources,such as coal,oil,or minerals,from the earth. Minipark Small neighborhood park of approximately one acre or less. Page 17 California General Plan Glossary Ministerial (Administrative) Decision An action taken by a governmental agency that follows established procedures and rules and does not call for the exercise of judgment in deciding whether to approve a project. Mitigate,v. To ameliorate,alleviate,or avoid to the extent reasonably feasible. Mixed-use Properties on which various uses,such as office,commercial,institutional,and residential,are combined in a single building or on a single site in an integrated development project with significant functional interrelationships and a coherent physical design. A"single site"may include contiguous properties. Mobile Home A structure,transportable in one or more sections,built on a permanent chassis and designed for use as a single-family dwelling unit and that (1) has a minimum of 400 square feet of living space; (2) has a minimum width in excess of 102 inches; (3) is connected to all available permanent utilities;and (4)is tied down(a) to a permanent foundation on a lot either owned or leased by the homeowner or(b)is set on piers,with wheels removed and skirted,in a mobile home park. (See"Manufactured Housing" and"Modular Unit.") Moderate-income Household A household with an annual income between the lower income eligibility limits and 120 percent of the area median family income adjusted by household size, usually as established by the U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for the Section 8 housing program. (See"Area"and"Low-income Household.") Modular Unit A factory-fabricated,transportable building or major component designed for use by itself or for incorporation with similar units on-site into a structure for residential,commercial,educational,or industrial use. Differs from mobile homes and manufactured housing by (in addition to lacking an integral chassis or permanent hitch to allow future movement) being subject to California housing law design standards. California standards are more restrictive than federal standards in some respects(e.g.,plumbing and energy conservation). Also called Factory-built Housing and regulated by State law of that title. (See "Mobile Home" and "Manufactured Housing.") Motel (1)A hotel for motorists. (2)A facility in which guest rooms or suites are offered to the general public for lodging with or without meals and for compensation,and where guest parking is provided in proximity to guest rooms. Quite often,provision is made for cooking in individual guest rooms or suites. (See"Hotel.") Multiple Family Building A detached building designed and used exclusively as a dwelling by three or more families occupying separate suites. Multiplier Effect The recirculation of money through the economy multiplies its impact on jobs and income. For example,money paid as salaries to industrial and office workers is spent on housing,food,clothes and other locally-available goods and services.This spending creates jobs in housing construction,retail stores(e.g.,grocery and drug stores)and professional offices. The wage paid to workers in those industries is again re-spent,creating still more jobs.Overall,one job in basic industry is estimated to create approximately one more job in non-basic industry. Must That which is mandatory. National Ambient Air Quality Standards The prescribed level of pollutants in the outside air that cannot be exceeded legally during a specified time in a specified geographical area. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) An act passed in 1974 establishing federal legislation for national environmental policy,a council on environmental quality,and the requirements for environmental impact statements. National Flood Insurance Program A federal program that authorizes the sale of federally subsidized flood insurance in communities where such flood insurance is not available privately. National Historic Preservation Act A 1966 federal law that established a National Register of Historic Places and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation,and that authorized grants-in-aid for preserving historic properties. National Register of Historic Places The official list,established by the National Historic Preservation Act,of sites,districts,buildings,structures,and objects significant in the nation's history or whose artistic or architectural value is unique. Natural State The condition existing prior to development. Necessary Essential or required. California General Plan Glossary Page 18 Need A condition requiring supply or relief. The City or County may act upon findings of need within or on behalf of the community. Neighborhood Park City-or County-owned land intended to serve the recreation needs of people living or working within one-half mile radius of the park. Neighborhood Unit According to one widely-accepted concept of planning,the neighborhood unit should be the basic building block of the city. It is based on the elementary school,with other community facilities located at its center and arterial streets at its perimeter. The distance from the school to the perimeter should be a comfortable walking distance for a school-age child; there would be no through traffic uses. Limited industrial or commercial would occur on the perimeter where arterials intersect. This was the model for American suburban development after World War II. Nitrogen Oxide(s) A reddish brown gas that is a byproduct of combustion and ozone formation processes. Often referred to as NOX,this gas gives smog its"dirty air'appearance. Noise Any sound that is undesirable because it interferes with speech and hearing,or is intense enough to damage hearing,or is otherwise annoying. Noise,simply,is"unwanted sound." Noise Attenuation Reduction of the level of a noise source using a substance,material,or surface,such as earth berms and/or solid concrete walls. Noise Contour A line connecting points of equal noise level as measured on the same scale. Noise levels greater than the 60 Ldn contour (measured in dBA) require noise attenuation in residential development. Noise Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan,it assesses noise levels of highways and freeways,local arterials, railroads, airports, local industrial plants, and other ground stationary sources, and adopts goals,policies, and implementation programs to reduce the community's exposure to noise. Nonattainment The condition of not achieving a desired or required level of performance.Frequently used in reference to air quality. Nonconforming Use A use that was valid when brought into existence,but by subsequent regulation becomes no longer conforming. "Nonconforming use" is a generic term and includes (1) nonconforming structures (by virtue of size, type of construction, location on land,or proximity to other structures), (2) nonconforming use of a conforming building, (3) nonconforming use of a nonconforming building,and (4) nonconforming use of land. Thus,any use lawfully existing on any piece of property that is inconsistent with a new or amended General Plan, and that in turn is a violation of a zoning ordinance amendment subsequently adopted in conformance with the General Plan,will be a nonconforming use. Typically,nonconforming uses are permitted to continue for a designated period of time,subject to certain restrictions. Notice (of Hearing) A legal document announcing the opportunity for the public to present their views to an official representative or board of a public agency concerning an official action pending before the agency. Objective A specific statement of desired future condition toward which the City or County will expend effort in the context of striving to achieve a broader goal. An objective should be achievable and,where possible,should be measurable and time-specific. The State Government Code (Section 65302) requires that general plans spell out the"objectives,"principles,standards,and proposals of the general plan. "The addition of 100 units of affordable housing by 1995"is an example of an objective. Office Park (See"Industrial Park.") Office Use The use of land by general business offices, medical and professional offices, administrative or headquarters offices for large wholesaling or manufacturing operations,and research and development. Official County Scenic Highway A segment of state highway identified in the Master Plan of State Highways Eligible for Official Scenic Highway Designation and designated by the Director of the Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Open Space Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan, it contains an inventory of privately and publicly owned open-space lands,and adopted goals,policies,and implementation programs for the preservation,protection,and management of open space lands. Open Space Land Any parcel or area of land or water that is essentially unimproved and devoted to an open space use for the purposes of(1) the preservation of natural resources,(2)the managed production of resources,(3)outdoor recreation,or(4)public health and safety. Page 19 California General Plan Glossary Orchard A group of fruit or nut trees, either small and diverse and grown for home use, or large and uniform (i.e., of one variety) and cultivated for revenue. Such a collection must be planted,managed and renewed by the householder or farmer and should not be confused with a naturally occurring grove. Citrus and nut plantations are customarily called groves. Ordinance A law or regulation set forth and adopted by a governmental authority,usually a city or county. Outdoor Advertising Structure Any device used or intended to direct attention to a business,profession,commodity,service,or entertainment conducted,sold, or offered elsewhere than upon the lot where such device is located. Outdoor Recreation Use A privately or publicly owned or operated use providing facilities for outdoor recreation activities. Outer Approach Zone Airspace in which an air-traffic controller initiates radar monitoring for incoming flights approaching an airport. Overlay A land use designation on the Land Use Map, or a zoning designation on a zoning map, that modifies the basic underlying designation in some specific manner. Ozone A tri-atomic form of oxygen (03) created naturally in the upper atmosphere by a photochemical reaction with solar ultraviolet radiation. In the lower atmosphere,ozone is a recognized air pollutant that is not emitted directly into the environment,but is formed by complex chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen and reactive organic compounds in the presence of sunlight, and becomes a major agent in the formation of smog. Para-transit Refers to transportation services and that operate vehicles,such as buses,jitneys,taxis,and vans for senior citizens,and/or mobility- impaired. Parcel A lot, or contiguous group of lots, in single ownership or under single control, usually considered a unit for purposes of development. Parking, Shared A public or private parking area used jointly by two or more uses. Parking Area,Public An open area,excluding a street or other public way,used for the parking of automobiles and available to the public,whether for free or for compensation. Parking Management An evolving TDM technique designed to obtain maximum utilization from a limited number of parking spaces. Can involve pricing and preferential treatment for HOVs, non-peak period users, and short-term users. (See "High Occupancy Vehicle" and "Transportation Demand Management.") Parking Ratio The number of parking spaces provided per 1,000 square of floor area,e.g.,2:1 or"two per thousand." Parking Space,Compact A parking space (usually 7.5 feet wide by 16 feet long when perpendicular to a driveway or aisle)permitted in some localities on the assumption that many modern cars are significantly smaller,and require less room,than a standard automobile. A standard parking space,when perpendicular to a driveway or aisle,is usually 8.5 feet wide by 18 feet long. Parks Open space lands whose primary purpose is recreation. (See"Open Space Land,""Community Park,"and"Neighborhood Park.") Parkway An expressway or freeway designed for non-commercial traffic only; usually located within a strip of landscaped park or natural vegetation. Parkway Strip A piece of land located between the rear of a curb and the front of a sidewalk,usually used for planting low ground cover and/or street trees,also known as"planter strip." Passive Solar System A system that distributes collected heat via direct transfer from a thermal mass rather than mechanical power. Passive systems rely on building design and materials to collect and store heat and to create natural ventilation for cooling. (See"Active Solar System.") Patio Unit A detached single family unit,typically situated on a reduced-sized lot,that orients outdoor activity within rear or side yard patio areas for better utilization of the site for outdoor living space. Payback Period The number of years required to accumulate savings or profit equal to the value of a proposed investment. California General Plan Glossary Page 20 Peak Hour/Peak Period For any given roadway, a daily period during which traffic volume is highest, usually occurring in the morning and evening commute periods. Where"F"Levels of Service are encountered,the"peak hour"may stretch into a"peak period"of several hours' duration. Performance Standards Zoning regulations that permit uses based on a particular set of standards of operation rather than on particular type of use. Performance standards provide specific criteria limiting noise,air pollution,emissions,odors,vibration,dust,dirt,glare,heat,fire hazards,wastes,traffic impacts,and visual impact of a use. Personal Services Services of a personal convenience nature, as opposed to products that are sold to individual consumers, as contrasted with companies. Personal services include barber and beauty shops,shoe and luggage repair,fortune tellers,photographers,laundry and cleaning services and pick-up stations,copying,repair and fitting of clothes,and similar services. Physical Diversity A quality of a site,city,or region in which are found a variety of architectural styles,natural landscapes,and/or land uses. Picnic Area, Group Two or more picnic tables reserved for use by 10 or more persons equipped with picnic tables, barbecue stands, and may be provided with a roofed shelter. Plan Line A precise line that establishes future rights-of-way along any portion of an existing or proposed street or highway and that is depicted on a map showing the streets and lot line or lines and the proposed right-of-way lines,and the distance thereof from the established centerline of the street or highway,or from existing or established property lines. Planned Community A large-scale development whose essential features are a definable boundary;a consistent,but not necessarily uniform,character; overall control during the development process by a single development entity;private ownership of recreation amenities; and enforcement of covenants,conditions,and restrictions by a master community association. Planned Unit Development (PUD) A description of a proposed unified development, consisting at a minimum of a map and adopted ordinance setting forth the regulations governing,and the location and phasing of all proposed uses and improvements to be included in the development. Planning and Research,Office of(OPR) A governmental division of the State of California that has among its responsibilities the preparation of a set of guidelines for use by local jurisdictions in drafting General Plans. Planning Area The Planning Area is the land area addressed by the General Plan. For a city,the Planning Area boundary typically coincides with the Sphere of Influence that encompasses land both within the City Limits and potentially annexable land. Planning Commission A body,usually having five or seven members,created by a city or county in compliance with California law(Section 65100)that requires the assignment of the planning functions of the city or county to a planning department,planning commission,hearing officers,and/or the legislative body itself,as deemed appropriate by the legislative body. Policy A specific statement of principle or of guiding actions that implies clear commitment but is not mandatory. A general direction that a governmental agency sets to follow,in order to meet its goals and objectives before undertaking an action program. (See "Program.") Pollutant Any introduced gas,liquid,or solid that makes a resource unfit for its normal or usual purpose Pollution The presence of matter or energy whose nature,location,or quantity produces undesired environmental effects. Pollution,Nonpoint Sources for pollution that are less definable and usually cover broad areas of land,such as agricultural land with fertilizers that are carried from the land by runoff,or automobiles. Pollution,Point In reference to water quality,a discrete source from which pollution is generated before it enters receiving waters,such as a sewer outfall,a smokestack,or an industrial waste pipe. Poverty Level As used by the U.S.Census,families and unrelated individuals are classified as being above or below the poverty level based on a poverty index that provides a range of income cutoffs or"poverty thresholds"varying by size of family,number of children,and age of householder. The income cutoffs are updated each year to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index. Power Center Open-air stores aligned in a strip with freestanding"anchor"stores. These centers may combine three or more anchors in a single center. Many power centers include movie theaters and restaurants. Page 21 California General Plan Glossary Preserve,n. An area in which beneficial uses in their present condition are protected;for example,a nature preserve or an agricultural preserve. (See"Agricultural Preserve"and Protect.") Preserve,v. To keep safe from destruction or decay; to maintain or keep intact. (See"Maintain.") Principle An assumption, fundamental rule, or doctrine that will guide general plan policies, proposals, standards, and implementation measures. The State Government Code(Section 65302)requires that general plans spell out the objectives,"principles,"standards, and proposals of the general plan. "Adjacent land uses should be compatible with one another"is an example of a principle. Professional Offices A use providing professional or consulting services in the fields of law,medicine,architecture,design,engineering,accounting, and similar professions,but not including financial institutions or real estate or insurance offices. Program An action, activity, or strategy carried out in response to adopted policy to achieve a specific goal or objective. Policies and programs establish the "who,""how"and"when"for carrying out the"what"and"where"of goals and objectives. Pro Rata Refers to the proportionate distribution of the cost of something to something else or to some group, such as the cost of infrastructure improvements associated with new development apportioned to the users of the infrastructure on the basis of projected use. Protect,v. To maintain and preserve beneficial uses in their present condition as nearly as possible. (See"Enhance.") Public and Quasi-public Facilities Institutional,academic,governmental and community service uses,either publicly owned or operated by nonprofit organizations. Ranchette A single dwelling unit occupied by a non-farming household on a parcel of 2.5 to 20 acres that has been subdivided from agricultural land. Rare or Endangered Species A species of animal or plant listed in: Sections 670.2 or 670.5,Title 14,California Administrative Code; or Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations,Section 17.11 or Section 17.2,pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act designating species as rare, threatened,or endangered. Reclamation The reuse of resources,usually those present in solid wastes or sewage. Recognize,v. To officially (or by official action) identify or perceive a given situation. Recreation, Active A type of recreation or activity that requires the use of organized play areas including,but not limited to,softball,baseball,football and soccer fields,tennis and basketball courts and various forms of children's play equipment. Recreation,Passive Type of recreation or activity that does not require the use of organized play areas. Recycle,v. The process of extraction and reuse of materials from waste products. Redevelop,v. To demolish existing buildings;or to increase the overall floor area existing on a property;or both;irrespective of whether a change occurs in land use. Regional Pertaining to activities or economies at a scale greater than that of a single jurisdiction,and affecting a broad geographic area. Regional Housing Needs Plan A quantification by a COG or by HCD of existing and projected housing need,by household income group,for all localities within a region. Regional Park A park typically 150-500 acres in size focusing on activities and natural features not included in most other types of parks and often based on a specific scenic or recreational opportunity. Regulation A rule or order prescribed for managing government. Rehabilitation The repair,preservation,and/or improvement of substandard housing. Research and Development Use A use engaged in study,testing,design,analysis,and experimental development of products,processes,or services. California General Plan Glossary Page 22 Residential Land designated in the City or County General Plan and zoning ordinance for buildings consisting only of dwelling units. May be improved,vacant,or unimproved. (See"Dwelling Unit.") Residential, Multiple Family Usually three or more dwelling units on a single site,which may be in the same or separate buildings. Residential, Single-family A single dwelling unit on a building site. Resources,Non-renewable Refers to natural resources,such as fossil fuels and natural gas,which,once used,cannot be replaced and used again. Restore,v. To renew,rebuild,or reconstruct to a former state. Restrict,v. To check,bound,or decrease the range,scope,or incidence of a particular condition. Retention Basin (See"Detention Basin/Detention Pond.") Retrofit,v. To add materials and/or devices to an existing building or system to improve its operation,safety,or efficiency. Buildings have been retrofitted to use solar energy and to strengthen their ability to withstand earthquakes,for example. Reverse Annuity Mortgages A home financing mechanism that enables a homeowner who a senior citizen to release equity from his or her home. The senior receives periodic payments that can be put to immediate use. Loans are fixed term and are paid when the house is sold or when the term expires. Rezoning An amendment to the map and/or text of a zoning ordinance to effect a change in the nature,density,or intensity of uses allowed in a zoning district and/or on a designated parcel or land area. Richter Scale A measure of the size or energy release of an earthquake at its source. The scale is logarithmic;the wave amplitude of each number on the scale is 10 times greater than that of the previous whole number. Rideshare A travel mode other than driving alone,such as buses,rail transit,carpools,and vanpools. Ridgeline A line connecting the highest points along a ridge and separating drainage basins or small-scale drainage systems from one another. Right-of-way A strip of land occupied or intended to be occupied by certain transportation and public use facilities,such as roadways,railroads, and utility lines. Riparian Lands Riparian lands are comprised of the vegetative and wildlife areas adjacent to perennial and intermittent streams.Riparian areas are delineated by the existence of plant species normally found near freshwater. Risk The danger or degree of hazard or potential loss. Runoff That portion of rain or snow that does not percolate into the ground and is discharged into streams instead. Safety Element One of the seven State-mandated elements of a local general plan,it contains adopted goals,policies,and implementation programs for the protection of the community from any unreasonable risks associated with seismic and geologic hazards, flooding, and wildland and urban fires. Many safety elements also incorporate a review of police needs,objectives,facilities,and services. Sanitary Landfill The controlled placement of refuse within a limited area,followed by compaction and covering with a suitable thickness of earth and other containment material. Sanitary Sewer A system of subterranean conduits that carries refuse liquids or waste matter to a plant where the sewage is treated,as contrasted with storm drainage systems(that carry surface water)and septic tanks or leech fields (that hold refuse liquids and waste matter on-site). (See"Combined Sewer"and"Septic System.") Scenic Highway Corridor The area outside a highway right-of-way that is generally visible to persons travelling on the highway. Page 23 California General Plan Glossary Scenic Highway/Scenic Route A highway,road,drive,or street that,in addition to its transportation function,provides opportunities for the enjoyment of natural and man-made scenic resources and access or direct views to areas or scenes of exceptional beauty or historic or cultural interest. The aesthetic values of scenic routes often are protected and enhanced by regulations governing the development of property or the placement of outdoor advertising. Until the mid-1980s,general plans in California were required to include a Scenic Highways element. School District Lands Properties owned by public school districts and used for educational,recreational,and administrative purposes. Second Mortgage Program The lending by a public or private agency of a portion of a required down payment to a developer or first-time homebuyer,usually with restrictions requiring that the units assisted through the program remain affordable to very low-and low-income households. Second Unit A Self-contained living unit,either attached to or detached from,and in addition to,the primary residential unit on a single lot. Sometimes called"Granny Flat." Section 8 Rental Assistance Program A federal (HUD)rent-subsidy program that is one of the main sources of federal housing assistance for low-income households. The program operates by providing"housing assistance payments"to owners,developers,and public housing agencies to make up the difference between the"Fair Market Rent"of a unit (set by HUD) and the household's contribution toward the rent,which is calculated at 30 percent of the household's adjusted gross monthly income (GMI). "Section 8" includes programs for new construction,existing housing,and substantial or moderate housing rehabilitation. Seiche An earthquake-generated wave in an enclosed body of water such as a lake,reservoir,or bay. Seismic Caused by or subject to earthquakes or earth vibrations. Senior Housing (See"Elderly Housing.") Seniors Persons age 62 and older. Septic System A sewage-treatment system that includes a settling tank through which liquid sewage flows and in which solid sewage settles and is decomposed by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. Septic systems are often used for individual-home waste disposal where an urban sewer system is not available. (See"Sanitary Sewer.") Setback The horizontal distance between the property line and any structure. Settlement (1) The drop in elevation of a ground surface caused by settling or compacting. (2) The gradual downward movement of an engineered structure due to compaction. Differential settlement is uneven settlement,where one part of a structure settles more or at a different rate than another part. Shall That which is obligatory or necessary. Shared Living The occupancy of a dwelling unit by persons of more than one family in order to reduce housing expenses and provide social contact,mutual support,and assistance. Shared living facilities serving six or fewer persons are permitted in all residential districts by Section 1566.3 of the California Health and Safety Code. Shoppers Goods Another name for comparison goods. Shopping Center A group of commercial establishments,planned,developed,owned,or managed as a unit,with common off-street parking provided on the site. Should Signifies a directive to be honored if at all possible. Sign Any representation (written or pictorial) used to convey information,or to identify,announce,or otherwise direct attention to a business, profession, commodity, service, or entertainment, and placed on, suspended from, or in any way attached to, any structure,vehicle,or feature of the natural or manmade landscape. Signal Preemption A system used by emergency vehicles,public transit vehicles and/or trains to change signal phasing from red to green assigning immediate right-of-way for a specific purpose. California General Plan Glossary Page 24 Significant Effect A beneficial or detrimental impact on the environment. May include,but is not limited to,significant changes in an area's air, water,and land resources. Siltation (1)The accumulating deposition of eroded material. (2)The gradual filling in of streams and other bodies of water with sand,silt, and clay. Single-Family Dwelling, Attached A dwelling unit occupied or intended for occupancy by only one household that is structurally connected with at least one other such dwelling unit. (See"Townhouse.") Single-Family Dwelling, Detached A dwelling unit occupied or intended for occupancy by only one household that is structurally independent from any other such dwelling unit or structure intended for residential or other use. (See"Family.") Single Room Occupancy (SRO) A single room,typically 80-250 square feet,with a sink and closet,but that requires the occupant to share a communal bathroom, shower,and kitchen. Site A parcel of land used or intended for one use or a group of uses and having frontage on a public or an approved private street.A lot. (See"Lot.") Slope Land gradient described as the vertical rise divided by the horizontal run,and expressed in percent. Soil The unconsolidated material on the immediate surface of the earth created by natural forces that serves as natural medium for growing land plants. Solar Access The provision of direct sunlight to an area specified for solar energy collection when the sun's azimuth is within 45 degrees of true south. Solar System,Active A system using a mechanical device,such as a pump or a fan,and energy in addition to solar energy to transport a conductive medium (air or water) between a solar collector and the interior of a building for the purpose of heating or cooling. Solar System,Passive A system that uses direct heat transfer from thermal mass instead of mechanical power to distribute collected heat. Passive systems rely on building design and materials to collect and store heat and to create natural ventilation for cooling. Solid Waste Any unwanted or discarded material that is not a liquid or gas. Includes organic wastes,paper products,metals,glass,plastics, cloth,brick,rock,soil, leather,rubber,yard wastes, and wood,but does not include sewage and hazardous materials. Organic wastes and paper products comprise about 75 percent of typical urban solid waste. Specific Plan Under Article 8 of the Government Code (Section 65450 et seq),a legal tool for detailed design and implementation of a defined portion of the area covered by a General Plan. A specific plan may include all detailed regulations,conditions,programs,and/or proposed legislation that may be necessary or convenient for the systematic implementation of any General Plan element(s). Speed,Average The sum of the speeds of the cars observed divided by the number of cars observed. Speed, Critical The speed that is not exceeded by 85 percent of the cars observed. Sphere of Influence The probable ultimate physical boundaries and service area of a local agency(city or district) as determined by the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) of the County. Standards (1) A rule or measure establishing a level of quality or quantity that must be complied with or satisfied. The State Government Code(Section 65302)requires that general plans spell out the objectives,principles,"standards,"and proposals of the general plan. Examples of standards might include the number of acres of park land per 1,000 population that the community will attempt to acquire and improve,or the"traffic Level of Service"(LOS)that the plan hopes to attain. (2)Requirements in a zoning ordinance that govern building and development as distinguished from use restrictions—for example,site-design regulations such as lot area, height limit,frontage,landscaping,and floor area ratio. Stock Cooperative Housing Multiple-family ownership housing in which the occupant of a unit holds a share of stock in a corporation that owns the structure in which the unit is located. Stormwater Runoff Surplus surface water generated by rainfall that does not seep into the earth but flows overland to flowing or stagnant bodies of water. Page 25 California General Plan Glossary Street Furniture Those features associated with a street that are intended to enhance that street's physical character and use by pedestrians,such as benches, trash receptacles,kiosks,lights,newspaper racks. Street Tree Plan A comprehensive plan for all trees on public streets that sets goals for solar access,and standards for species selection,maintenance, and replacement criteria,and for planting trees in patterns that will define neighborhood character while avoiding monotony or maintenance problems. Streets,Local (See"Streets,Minor.") Streets,Major The transportation network that includes a hierarchy of freeways,arterials,and collectors to service through traffic. Streets, Minor Local streets not shown on the Circulation Plan,Map,or Diagram,whose primary intended purpose is to provide access to fronting properties. Streets,Through Streets that extend continuously between other major streets in the community. Structure Anything constructed or erected that requires location on the ground(excluding swimming pools,fences,and walls used as fences). Strip Commercial Commercial development,usually one store deep,that fronts on a major street for a distance of one city block or more.Includes individual buildings on their own lots,with or without on-site parking, and small linear shopping centers with shallow on-site parking in front of the stores. Subdivision The division of a tract of land into defined lots,either improved or unimproved,which can be separately conveyed by sale or lease, and which can be altered or developed. "Subdivision"includes a condominium project as defined in Section 1350 of the California Civil Code and a community apartment project as defined in Section 11004 of the Business and Professions Code. Subdivision Map Act Division 2 (Sections 66410 et seq)of the California Government code,this act vests in local legislative bodies the regulation and control of the design and improvement of subdivisions,including the requirement for tentative and final maps. (See"Subdivision.") Subregional Pertaining to a portion of a region. The Golden Triangle is a subregional task force. Subsidence The gradual settling or sinking of an area with little or no horizontal motion. (See"Settlement.") Subsidize To assist by payment of a sum of money or by the granting of terms or favors that reduce the need for monetary expenditures. Housing subsidies may take the forms of mortgage interest deductions or tax credits from federal and/or state income taxes,sale or lease at less than market value of land to be used for the construction of housing,payments to supplement a minimum affordable rent,and the like. Substandard Housing Residential dwellings that,because of their physical condition,do not provide safe and sanitary housing. Substantial Considerable in importance,value,degree,or amount. Target Areas Specifically designated sections of the community where loans and grants are made to bring about a specific outcome,such as the rehabilitation of housing affordable by very low-and low-income households. Tax Credit A dollar amount that may be subtracted from the amount of taxes owed. Tax Increment Additional tax revenues that result from increases in property values within are development area. State law permits the tax increment to be earmarked for redevelopment purposes but requires at least 20 percent to be used to increase and improve the community's supply of very low-and low-income housing. Thermal Mass Large quantities of heavy or dense material with a high heat capacity,used in solar buildings to absorb heat,which is then stored and re-radiated as needed for heating and cooling. Topography Configuration of a surface,including its relief and the position of natural and man-made features. Tourism The business of providing services for persons traveling for pleasure, tourism contributes to the vitality of the community by providing revenue to local business. Tourism can be measured through changes in the transient occupancy tax,or restaurant sales. California General Plan Glossary Page 26 Townhouse;Townhome A one-family dwelling in a row of at least three such units in which each unit has its own front and rear access to the outside,no unit is located over another unit,and each unit is separated from any other unit by one or more common and fire-resistant walls. Townhouses usually have separate utilities; however,in some condominium situations, common areas are serviced by utilities purchased by a homeowners association on behalf of all townhouse members of the association. (See "Condominium.") Traffic Model A mathematical representation of traffic movement within an area or region based on observed relationships between the kind and intensity of development in specific areas. Many traffic models operate on the theory that trips are produced by persons living in residential areas and are attracted by various non-residential land uses. (See"Trip.") Transit The conveyance of persons or goods from one place to another by means of a local,public transportation system. Transit-dependent Refers to persons unable to operate automobiles or other motorized vehicles,or those who do not own motorized vehicles.Transit- dependent citizens must rely on transit,para-transit,or owners of private vehicles for transportation.Transit-dependent citizens include the young, the handicapped, the elderly,the poor,and those with prior violations in motor vehicle laws. Transit,Public A system of regularly-scheduled buses and/or trains available to the public on a fee-per-ride basis. Also called"Mass Transit." Transition Zone Controlled airspace extending upward from 700 or more feet above the ground wherein procedures for aircraft approach have been designated. The transition zone lies closer to an airport than the outer approach zone and outside of the inner approach zone. (See"Approach Zone"and"Outer Approach Zone.") Transitional Housing Shelter provided to the homeless for an extended period,often as long as 18 months,and generally integrated with other social services and counseling programs to assist in the transition to self-sufficiency through the acquisition of a stable income and permanent housing. (See"Homeless"and"Emergency Shelter.") Transportation Demand Management (TDM) A strategy for reducing demand on the road system by reducing the number of vehicles using the roadways and/or increasing the number of persons per vehicle. TDM attempts to reduce the number of persons who drive alone on the roadway during the commute period and to increase the number in carpools,vanpools,buses and trains,walking,and biking. TDM can be an element of TSM (see below). Transportation Systems Management (TSM) A comprehensive strategy developed to address the problems caused by additional development,increasing trips,and a shortfall in transportation capacity.Transportation Systems Management focuses on more efficiently utilizing existing highway and transit systems rather than expanding them. TSM measures are characterized by their low cost and quick implementation time frame, such as computerized traffic signals,metered freeway ramps,and one-way streets. Trees,Heritage Trees planted by a group of citizens or by the City or County in commemoration of an event or in memory of a person figuring significantly in history. Trees,Landmark Trees whose size, visual impact,or association with a historically significant structure or event have led the City or County to designate them as landmarks. Trees, Street Trees strategically planted--usually in parkway strips,medians,or along streets--to enhance the visual quality of a street. Trip A one-way journey that proceeds from an origin to a destination via a single mode of transportation;the smallest unit of movement considered in transportation studies. Each trip has one"production end," (or origin--often from home,but not always),and one "attraction end," (destination). (See"Traffic Model.") Trip Generation The dynamics that account for people making trips in automobiles or by means of public transportation. Trip generation is the basis for estimating the level of use for a transportation system and the impact of additional development or transportation facilities on an existing,local transportation system. Trip generations of households are correlated with destinations that attract household members for specific purposes. Truck Route A path of circulation required for all vehicles exceeding set weight or axle limits, a truck route follows major arterials through commercial or industrial areas and avoids sensitive areas. Tsunami A large ocean wave generated by an earthquake in or near the ocean. Undevelopable Specific areas where topographic,geologic,and/or surficial soil conditions indicate a significant danger to future occupants and a liability to the City or County are designated as"undevelopable"by the City or County. Page 27 California General Plan Glossary Undue Improper,or more than necessary. Uniform Building Code (UBC) A national,standard building code that sets forth minimum standards for construction. Uniform Housing Code (UHC) State housing regulations governing the condition of habitable structures with regard to health and safety standards,and which provide for the conservation and rehabilitation of housing in accordance with the Uniform Building Code (UBC). Urban Design The attempt to give form, in terms of both beauty and function, to selected urban areas or to whole cities. Urban design is concerned with the location, mass, and design of various urban components and combines elements of urban planning, architecture,and landscape architecture. Urban Limit Line A boundary,sometimes parcel-specific,located to mark the outer limit beyond which urban development will not be allowed. It has the aim of discouraging urban sprawl by containing urban development during a specified period, and its location may be modified over time. Urban Open Space The absence of buildings or development,usually in well-defined volumes,within an urban environment. Urban Services Utilities(such as water,gas,electricity,and sewer)and public services(such as police,fire,schools,parks,and recreation)provided to an urbanized or urbanizing area. Urban Sprawl Haphazard growth or outward extension of a city resulting from uncontrolled or poorly managed development. Use The purpose for which a lot or structure is or may be leased,occupied,maintained,arranged,designed,intended,constructed, erected,moved, altered, and/or enlarged in accordance with the City or County zoning ordinance and General Plan land use designations. Use,Nonconforming (See"Nonconforming Use.") Use Permit The discretionary and conditional review of an activity or function or operation on a site or in a building or facility. Utility Corridors Rights-of-way or easements for utility lines on either publicly or privately owned property. (See "Right-of-way"or"Easement.") Vacant Lands or buildings that are not actively used for any purpose. Variance A departure from any provision of the zoning requirements for a specific parcel,except use,without changing the zoning ordinance or the underlying zoning of the parcel. A variance usually is granted only upon demonstration of hardship based on the peculiarity of the property in relation to other properties in the same zone district. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) A key measure of overall street and highway use. Reducing VMT is often a major objective in efforts to reduce vehicular congestion and achieve regional air quality goals. Very Low-income Household A household with an annual income usually no greater than 50 percent of the area median family income adjusted by household size,as determined by a survey of incomes conducted by a city or a county,or in the absence of such a survey,based on the latest available eligibility limits established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for the Section 8 housing program. (See"Area.") View Corridor The line of sight—identified as to height, width, and distance—of an observer looking toward an object of significance to the community(e.g.,ridgeline,river,historic building,etc.);the route that directs the viewers attention. Viewshed The area within view from a defined observation point. Volume-to-Capacity Ratio A measure of the operating capacity of a roadway or intersection,in terms of the number of vehicles passing through,divided by the number of vehicles that theoretically could pass through when the roadway or intersection is operating at its designed capacity. Abbreviated as"v/c." At a v/c ratio of 1.0, the roadway or intersection is operating at capacity. If the ratio is less than 1.0,the traffic facility has additional capacity. Although ratios slightly greater than 1.0 are possible,it is more likely that the peak hour will elongate into a"peak period." (See"Peak Hour"and"Level of Service.") Warehousing Use A use engaged in storage,wholesale,and distribution of manufactured products,supplies,and equipment,excluding bulk storage of materials that are inflammable or explosive or that present hazards or conditions commonly recognized as offensive. California General Plan Glossary Page 28 Wastewater Irrigation The process by which wastewater that has undergone appropriate treatment is used to irrigate land. Watercourse Natural or once natural flowing (perennially or intermittently) water including rivers, streams, and creeks. Includes natural waterways that have been channelized,but does not include manmade channels,ditches,and underground drainage and sewage systems. Watershed The total area above a given point on a watercourse that contributes water to its flow;the entire region drained by a waterway or watercourse that drains into a lake,or reservoir. Waterway (See"Watercourse.") Wetlands Transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface,or the land is covered by shallow water. Under a"unified"methodology now used by all federal agencies,wetlands are defined as"those areas meeting certain criteria for hydrology,vegetation,and soils."Wildlife Refuge An area maintained in a natural state for the preservation of both animal and plant life. Wildlife Refuge An area maintained in a natural state for the preservation of both animal and plant life. Williamson Act Known formally as the California Land Conservation Act of 1965,it was designed as an incentive to retain prime agricultural land and open space in agricultural use, thereby slowing its coated with destinations that attract household members for specific purposes. Page 29 California General Plan Glossary